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专题 11 主从复合句（宾语从句、定语从句及状语从句）
1. 宾语从句：引导词（that、if/whether、特殊疑问词 ）、语序（陈述句语序）及时态
（主现从随，主过从过，客观真理用一般现在时）。
2. 定语从句：关系代词（that、which、who、whom、whose ）和关系副词（when、
考点分布
where、why ）的选择，先行词与关系词的对应。
考情 3. 状语从句：时间（when、while等）、条件（if、unless ）、原因（because、since
分析 等）、让步（though、although等）等各类状语从句的引导词及用法。
题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、词语运用和短文填词等题型中。
考法与 比重约占5 - 8分。考法是设置语境，要求考生根据逻辑和语法规则，选出正确引导词、
比重 关系词，或判断从句时态、语序等是否正确。
语境化 通过生活、学习等实际情境，考查从句在具体语境中的运用。
命题 综合化 常与其他语法知识，如时态、语态结合，或多种从句混合考查。
规律 高频化 每年必考，是语法考查重点。
生活化 句子内容涉及日常活动、校园生活、社会现象等，贴近考生生活。
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考点一 宾语从句
1．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）—John, can you tell me _________ in the future?
—I want to be a football player.
A．what will you do B．where will you go
C．what you will do D．where you will go
2．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—Mrs Lin. I’m new here. Could you please tell me ________?
—Sure. It has a long history and looks attractive.
A．what Nantong Museum is like B．how far the Haohe River is
C．how I can get to Binjiang Park D．what I can see in the Wolf Hill
3．（2024·四川自贡·中考真题）My teacher told us that May 18th ________ the International Museum Day.
A．is B．was C．be
4．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）The teacher asked the students ________?
A．that they had planted trees B．when was Spud Web born
C．how they will do with the computers D．if they were interested in animals
5．（2024·北京房山·一模）—Could you tell me ________ for the coming holiday?
—Oh, my friends and I plan to visit some famous places along the Silk Road.
A．where are you going B．where did you go C．where you are going D．where you went
宾语从句三要素：连接词、语序和时态。
1.宾语从句的连接词
连接词 作用 例句
that 本身无意义，在从句中不作成分，在口语He said （that）he would go to the
或非正式文体中常省略 seaside.
if/whether 意为“是否”，在从句中不作成分，但不可He asked me whether/if I could help
省略；句末有or not 时只能用whether him.
连 接 代 词 （ what/在从句中作一定的成分，如：主语、宾He asked me whose book it was.
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which/ who/ 语、定语等 （作定语）
whose/whom等）
连 接 副 词 （ when/在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where you are
where /why /how等） from？
2.宾语从句的语序
无论主句是什么语序，在宾语从句中，必须用陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语+其他”。但是，当
连接代词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时，则要保持原来的语序，即“连接代词+谓语+其他”。如:
3.宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态应遵循以下三个原则：
类型 含义 例句
需要性原则 主句若是现在时（包括一般现在时、现在进行I remember he gave me a book
时、现在完成时）或将来时，从句时态随句意yesterday.
呼应性原则 主句若是过去时（包括一般过去时、过去进行He told me that he would take part in
时），从句用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去the high jump.
时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）
特殊性原则 若从句表示客观真理或永久性情况，无论主句He told me that the earth revolves
是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时 around the sun.
4.疑问词+不定式
（1）疑问代词what, which 和疑问副词how, when, where等可和动词不定式一起构成不定式短语，
在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。如：
When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet.（作主语）
I haven't decided yet when to leave.（作宾语）
The difficulty was how to cross the river.（作表语）
（2）“疑问词+不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如：
We don't know where to go for vacation.=We don't know where we can go for vacation.
5.否定前移
在含有think（认为）, believe（相信）, suppose（设想）, expect（期待）等动词的宾语从句中，
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如果从句中的谓语动词要用否定形式，则其否定式要前移，即将主句的谓语动词 think, believe,
suppose, expect等变为否定形式。如：
I think you are not right.→I don't think you are right.
1．—I am wondering ________ you’d like to come to my party tomorrow.
—I’m afraid I can’t. Because I’m not feeling well these days.
A．how B．why C．when D．whether
2．—Sam, could you tell me ________?
—Well, follow the instructions carefully.
A．how I can use the new mobile phone B．where I can buy the mobile phone
C．how can I use the new mobile phone D．where can I buy the mobile phone
3．—I wonder ________ we can do to protect animals in danger.
—We can raise money and stop killing them.
A．how B．what C．when D．why
4．—Could you tell me ________ I can learn Taichi well?
—You can start by taking online courses.
A．where B．what C．how D．when
5．Just now my mom asked me if I ________ shopping with her. If I ________ need to work, I will go with her
tomorrow.
A．go; won’t B．will go; won’t C．would go; don’t D．would go; will
6．John promised that he ________ my computer, but he broke his word.
A．will fix B．had fixed C．has fixed D．would fix
7．The teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound.
A．travels B．traveled C．would travel D．is traveling
8．—Would you mind telling me if he ________ the meeting in two days?
—He won’t, unless he ________.
A．will attend; is invited B．attends; will be invited C．will attend; invites D．attends;
will invite
9．—Ms. Cai seems familiar with Huocheng in Xinjiang.
—So she does. She was a volunteer teacher there. Can you guess ________?
A．how long she has been there B．how long she was there
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C．how long has she been there D．how long was she there
10．—The 9th Asian Winter Games opened in Harbin, making the city the center of attention for China’s winter tourists
once again.
—I wonder ________.
A．that the traffic was heavy there B．if it was a big success or not
C．how many medals China achieved D．when did the event begin
11．—Can you tell me ________?
—Oh, they’re more useful than the old ones.
A．what do you think of our new textbook B．what you think of our new textbooks
C．where do you find our new textbooks D．where you find our new textbooks
12．—Have you decided ________ in the poor area?
—By sending books and school things.
A．how will you help the children
B．how you will help the children
C．what did you do for the children
13．At the science museum, the children get to know ______!
A．what is the spaceship like B．what the spaceship looks like
C．how the spaceship looks like D．how does the spaceship look like
14．—Excuse me, could you tell me ________?
—In the supermarket.
A．where I can buy this kind of CD player B．where can I buy this kind of CD player
C．if I can buy this kind of CD player D．if can I buy this kind of CD player
15．—What’s your plan for tomorrow?
—I want to go out. But I don’t know ________.
A．where should I go B．how the weather will be
C．which bus should I take D．that the museum is worth a visit
考点二 定语从句
1．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people
hope.
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A．whom B．who C．which D．whose
2．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）The students are reading stories ________ are full of positive energy these days.
A．which B．what C．who D．/
3．（2024·江苏泰州·二模）—Do you know the song ________ is very popular these days?
—Sure. It is about a girl ________ asked for help with her hoodie (帽衫) on TikTok.
A．that; which B．which; who C．who; which D．who; that
4．（2024·广东珠海·模拟预测）I like to visit a place ___________ history is long.
A．which B．whose C．that D．where
5．（2024·安徽蚌埠·模拟预测）Can you lend me the book ________ the other day?
A．about which you talked B．which you talked
C．about that you talked D．that you talked
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。被定
语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。其基本结构为：先行词+关系词+定语从句。如：
beautiful girl who is singing ∧ dancing on the stage
Do you know the ？
先行词 关系词 定语从句
引导定语从句的关系代词有who, that, which, whom, whose和关系副词when, where, why。初中
阶段要求掌握that, which, who引导的定语从句，关系副词在本书中不作讲解。
1.关系代词的用法
先行词 作主语 作宾语 作定语
指人 that/who that/who/whom/省略 whose
指物 that/which that/which/省略 whose
关系词有三个作用：①引导定语从句；②代替先行词；③在定语从句中充当某种成分。
如：The young lady （who/that/whom） we met yesterday is our new Chinese teacher.（关系词在从
句中作宾语）
I like the teachers whose classes are very interesting.（关系词在从句中作定语）
The train which/that has just left is for Lanzhou.（关系词在从句中作主语）
2.使用关系代词的特殊情况
（1）关系代词只能用that的情况
用法 例句
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 He was the first person that gave us some
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useful advice.
先行词为 all， any， much， many， everything， Is there anything that you want to buy in the
none， the one， little， few等不定代词 shop？
先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last等修It is the only word that I don't know in the
饰 passage.
先行词中同时含有人和物 I can remember well the persons and some
pictures that I saw in the room.
由who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只Who is the man that is standing over
能用that there？
（2）关系代词只能用which的情况
用法 例句
当关系词前面有介词，且指物时 The company in which he works is big.
先行词本身是that， those时 Those which are on the desk are English books.
1．I’ve finished reading the first book ________ was written by Yu Hua.
A．which B．who C．what D．that
2．—I watched a movie ______ touched me a lot last winter vacation.
—Really? I’d like to know more about it.
A．which B．what C．who D．it
3．We all like to make friends with Nancy. She is a nice girl ________ is always ready to offer help when we are in
need.
A．which B．what C．who D．where
4．—Do you know the boy ________ spoken English is excellent?
—Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor.
A．who B．whose C．whom D．which
5．— Do you know the boy with ________ Ms. Green is talking?
— Oh, that’s Peter. He’s going to make a speech at our graduation party.
A．that B．what C．whom
6．I still remember the middle school and the students ________ I visited in Tibet a few years ago.
A．which B．who C．whom D．that
7．The live concert by Zhang Jie ________ was held in Hohhot on 18th May 2024 drew thousands of fans from other
cities.
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A．what B．which C．when D．who
8．The girl ________ is giving the speech is my best friend—Meimei.
A．which B．who C．what D．whose
9．I wondered ________ when we were in dangerous situations.
A．whom could we ask for help B．why could we ask for help
C．what we could ask for help D．whom we could ask for help
10．—Which is your elder sister over there?
—The girl ________ wears Han Chinese Clothing.
A．who B．which C．when D．whom
考点三 状语从句
1．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）You will never truly understand your parents’ great love ______ you grow up.
A．until B．if C．since D．as
2．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）Practice is very important. You will forget the new words ______ you often use them.
A．when B．unless C．if D．until
3．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）________ you are too tired to do all the things on your To-Do list, try a To-Don’t list.
A．If B．Until C．Although D．Unless
4．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Everyone loves my dog Coffee, ________ he often makes a mess at home.
A．until B．since C．though D．whether
5．（2023·江苏南京·一模）Students should attend Labour Courses ________ they can learn some life skills.
A．if B．unless C．so that D．in order to
6．（2024·江苏宿迁·二模）He made _________ great progress that his parents were very pleased.
A．so B．so a C．such D．such a
1.初中常见状语从句引导词
（1）引导时间状语从句
连词（短 含义及用法 例句
语）
when “当……时”；引导的从句可以用延续性动He was reading in the library when the rainstorm
词，也可以用短暂性动词 came.
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while “正当……时；正在……时”；引导的从句While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping
中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，且常用Mary with her homework.
进行时
as “当……时”；表示一件事情正在发生，另Just as I was leaving the house, the phone rang.
一件事情也在进行中
after “在……之后”；表示主句的动作发生在从People will get to know the advantages of your
句的动作之后 product after they use it.
before “在……之前”；表示主句的动作发生在从Turn off the lights before you leave the room.
句的动作之前
until/till “直到……为止”；常用在“not…until…”结构The boy didn't stop running until he reached the
中，表示“直到……才……” finishing line.
since “自……以来”；主句用现在完成时，从句We have been good friends since we entered the
用一般过去时 same high school.
as soon as “一……就……”；引导的从句常用一般现在I will give you a callas soon as I arrive home.
时，主句用一般将来时
whenever “在任何……时候；无论何时”；引导的从Whenever we're in trouble， they'll help us.
句常用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时
（2）引导条件状语从句
连词（短语） 含义及用法 例句
if “如果”；从句用一般现在时，主句通常用If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
一般将来时
unless “如果不;除非”；unless 可以转化为 if…Unless you get enough sleep every night, you
not…结构。主从句时态与if用法一致 will not remember things well.
as long as “只要”；主从句时态与if用法一致 As long as you tell me the truth, I'll try to help
you.
（3）引导让步状语从句
连词（短语） 含义及用法 例句
though/although “虽然；尽管”；两者可互换使用，都可I can look after myself，although it won't be
以与 yet 连用,不能与 but 连用 easy for me.
even if/even 即使；尽管；虽然 Even if it is rainy today， they still attend the
though football training.
whether “不管”；常用于句型“whether…or not”与Whether or not we're successful, we can be
“whether…or”中 sure that we did our best.
whatever “无论什么”；相当于 no matter what Whatever you want to be， you need to work
hard to achieve it.
whenever “无论何时”；相当于no matter when Whenever I try to read this book， I feel
happy.
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（4）引导原因状语从句
连词 含义及用法 例句
because “因为”；常用来回答由why引导的一般疑I'd like to join the Music Club because I can
问句；不能与so连用 play the piano.
since “因为;既然”；语气比because弱 Since we have already grown up, we cannot
act like little babies.
as “因为;由于”；语气比since弱 As you were out, I left a message.
（5）引导目的状语从句
连词短语 含义及用法 例句
so that “以便……”；后接从句，只能用于句中 They sped up so that/in order that they
could get there on time.
in order that “为了……”；后接从句，可用于句首或句中
（6）引导结果状语从句
连词短语 含义及用法 例句
so…that… so修饰的中心词是形容词或副词，He is so little that he can't dress
结构为“so+adj./adv.+that…”。可与himself.= He is too little to dress
“too…to…”结构互换 himself.
such…that… 如此……以至 such 修饰的中心词是名词， 结构She is such a lovely girl that
于…… 为“such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数everyone around her likes her.=She
+that…” 或 “ such+adj.+ 不 可 数 名is so lovely that everyone around
词/可数名词复数+that…” her likes her.
（7）引导方式状语从句
连词（短语） 含义及用法 例句
as “按照……的方式”；通常置于主句之后 When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
as if/though “似乎，好像”；后面可接陈述句语序或虚Though they met for the first time, they
拟语气 talked as if they were good friends.
2.主句与从句时态一致问题
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句的时态一致一般分为三种情况：
类型 含义 例句
主将从现 主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时If she comes here tomorrow, I will go to the
表将来 park with her.
主祈/情从现 主句是祈使句或主句中含有情态动词，Be quiet when you are in the reading
从句用一般现在时表将来 room.
过去时态 主从句都是在叙述过去发生的事情，则My sister was playing the piano when I got
主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时 home yesterday.
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【注意】since引导的时间状语从句，主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：
Our English teacher has worked in this school since she graduated from Peking University.
1．Amy was lost in reading ________ a stranger rushed in. She was quite scared.
A．as soon as B．when C．although D．after
2．Lucy held her head up like a queen ________ Bill was telling his tale.
A．him B．before C．while D．until
3．He hasn’t got any hobbies—________ you call watching TV a hobby.
A．though B．till C．unless D．or
4．—Will China make great progress in space projects?
—I think so ________ we keep working on them.
A．unless B．but C．if D．or
5．Uncle John goes to work on foot ________ he doesn’t live close to his work place.
A．while B．though C．since D．if
6．—Will you stick to playing football tomorrow?
—Yes, we will keep it ________ it’s cloudy and windy.
A．as long as B．as soon as C．even if
7．We should protect the environment ________ we can live a better life.
A．so that B．even though C．as soon as D．as long as
8．She studied very hard ________ she could pass the exam with flying colors.
A．in order that B．as long as C．even though D．now that
9．He is ______ confident ______ he is sure to win this game.
A．too; to B．such a; that C．so; that D．such; that
10．My best friend is ________ a careful girl that she made ________ mistakes in her last exam.
A．so; so little B．so; such little C．such; such few D．such; so few
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