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Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
教材核心句式知识链接及典例解读
when与while 引导的时间状语从句
【教材原句】
①When he woke up,the sun was rising.当他醒来时,太阳正在升起。
②So while you were sleeping,I called Jenny and she helped me.所以,当你睡觉的时候,我给珍妮打了电话,
她帮助了我。
1.when 和while都可引导时间状语从句,通常情况下可互换。
2.以下情况不可互换
①when 引导的时间状语从句既可指时间点,也可指时间段;while引导的时间状语从句只指时间段;
②含有when引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中主从句的动作可以是同时发生,也可以是先后发生;含
有
while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句则强调主从句动作同时发生,或主句的动作在从句的动作发生过程
中发生;
③含when引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中,主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时;含while 引导
的时间状语从句的主从复合句中,主从句表示的动作可同时发生,且时态都用过去进行时。
He was nine when he went abroad.他出国的时候9岁。
They arrived while we were having dinner.他们来时我们正在吃晚饭。
典例
Tony was sleeping his mother was doing the housework.
A.whether B.for C.while D.until
【解析】根据题干可知,空前后均为完整的句子且时态都是过去进行时;强调两个动作同时发生时,应用
while.
【答案】C
一、单项选择
1.Leonard was nine ________his father died.A.when B.because C.though D.until
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:伦纳德九岁时,他的爸爸去世了。
考查从属连词辨析。when当……时候;because因为;though虽然;until直到。根据“Leonard was nine”可
知,爸爸去世的时候,伦纳德九岁。故选A。
2.When you ________ at the door, I ________ TV with my parents.
A.knocked; watched B.was knocking; watched
C.knocked; was watching D.knock; am watching
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:当你敲门的时候,我正在和父母看电视。
考查动词时态。when引导的时间状语从句是一般过去时,表示从句动作发生时,主语正在做某事,主句用
过去进行时。故选C。
3.I was doing my homework ________ my brother came into my room.
A.after B.until C.when D.as soon as
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:当我弟弟走进我的房间时,我正在做作业。
考查连词辨析。after在……之后;until直到;when当……时候;as soon as一……就……。根据“I was
doing my homework … my brother came into my room.”可知,我正在做作业时弟弟进来了;“came into”是非
延续性动词,与when连用。故选C。
4.________ I got home, I found my father was watching TV.
A.When B.Before C.Since D.If
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:当我到家的时候,我发现我的爸爸在看电视。
考查连词辨析。when当……的时候;before在……以前;since自……以来;if如果。将各选项代入句中可
知,when符合语境,引导时间状语从句。故选A。
5.He is going to ________ a pianist when he ________ up.
A.do, grow B.do, grows C.be, grow D.be, grows【答案】D
【详解】
句意:他长大后想要成为一名钢琴家。
考查时间状语从句。do做,干;be成为;grow成长,生长。be going to do sth表示“打算/想要做某事”,
故第一空应用动词原形,且此处应表示“想要成为一名钢琴家”,故用be。when引导的是时间状语从
句,其时态符合主将从现,从句主语“he”是第三人称单数形式,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式grows。
故选D。
6.My mother was cooking ________ my father was reading a newspaper at eight o’clock last night.
A.while B.since C.before D.because
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:昨晚八点我爸爸在看报纸时我妈妈在做饭。
考查从属连词辨析。while当……时;since自从;before在……之前;because因为。此处表示两个动作同
时发生,应该用while引导时间状语从句,故选A。
7.—What were you and your father doing at 7:00 yesterday evening?
—I was doing my homework ________ my father was watching news on TV.
A.when B.as soon as C.while D.where
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:昨天晚上七点钟你和你的父亲正在做什么?——我在做作业,而我的父亲正在电视上看新闻。
考查从属连词辨析。when“当……时候”;as soon as“一……就……”;while“当……时候,而”;
where“在哪里”。根据“my father was watching news on TV”可知,从句使用过去进行时,且有对比的含
义,即“而我的父亲正在电视上看新闻”,故选C。
8.Mandy was playing the piano ________ Lisa was reading a book.
A.before B.after C.while D.until
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:曼迪在弹钢琴,丽莎在看书。
考查连词辨析。before在……之前;after在……之后;while当……时;until直到……为止。此处表示两个
持续动作同时发生,用while引导时间状语从句。故选C。
9.Tom helped me do the housework ______ you were sleeping.A.unless B.while C.what D.until
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:当你睡觉的时候,汤姆帮忙我做家务。
考查连词。unless除非;while当……时;what什么;until直到。根据“helped me do the housework”及
“you were sleeping”可知表达过去某个事情发生的时候另一件事正在发生。表达“当你睡觉的时候”用
“while”引导时间状语从句。故选B。
10.Mandy was playing the piano ________ Lisa was reading a book.
A.before B.after C.while D.until
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:当丽萨在看书时曼迪正在弹钢琴。
考查从属连词辨析。before在……之前;after在……之后;while当……时;until直到。根据前后两句动作
同时发生,且从句动作为延续性动作,可知用while引导时间状语从句,故选C。
11.Ben was reading a magazine ________ his sister was studying for her test.
A.while B.after C.because
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:本在看杂志,而他的姐姐在为她的考试学习。
考查连词辨析。while当……时;after在……之后;because因为。根据“Ben was reading a magazine …his
sister was studying for her test.”可知,强调“看杂志”和“学习”这两个动作同时进行,用while引导时间
状语从句,故选A。
12.It was raining heavily _________ we were playing football.
A.when B.while C.as
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:我们踢足球时雨下得很大。
考查连词辨析。when当……时,从句通常用非延续性动作;while在……期间,强调主从句动作的同时进
行;as当……时,从句通常用非延续性动作,根据主句和从句都是过去进行时,表示两个动作同时进行,
所以用while引导的时间状语从句,故选B。
13.While Mike ________ a computer game in his room, his father came in.A.is playing B.was playing C.plays D.play
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:正当迈克在房间里玩电脑游戏时,他的爸爸走了进来。
考查过去进行时。根据“While”可知,此句时态用进行时;再者根据“his father came in”可知,此句时态
用过去进行时。故选B。
14.I met a friend of mine ________ I was walking in the park.
A.before B.if C.while
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:当我在公园散步时,我碰到了我的一个朋友。
考查连词辨析。before在……以前;if如果,是否;while当……时。根据“I met a friend of mine ... I was
walking in the park.”可知,是散步的时候遇见了一个朋友,while符合语境。故选C。
15.My mother was cooking while I ________ English songs.
A.was hearing B.heard C.was listening to D.listened to
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:我妈妈在做饭,而我在听英文歌。
考查动词时态以及词义辨析。hear听,强调听到的结果;listen to听,强调听的动作。根据“My mother
was cooking while I … English songs.”可知,强调听英语歌的动作,排除A和B选项。且表示妈妈在做饭时
我正在听歌,用过去进行时表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,故选C。
16.I was doing homework in the living room _________ my dad was working in the garden.
A.when B.while C.until
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:我在客厅做作业,而我爸爸在花园里干活。
考查连词辨析。when在……时候;while与……同时;until直到。根据空前“I was doing homework in the
living room”和空后“my dad was working in the garden.”可知,“在客厅里做作业”和“在花园里干活”是
同时进行的,应用while。故选B。
17.While Alice ________, her sister was playing the piano.
A.cooked B.was cooking C.is cooking【答案】B
【详解】
句意:当爱丽丝正在做饭的时候,她的妹妹正在弹钢琴。
考查过去进行时。while表示“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句,从句的动作和主句动作同时发生,根
据“her sister was playing the piano”可知,主句时态是过去进行时,结合语境可知,从句也用过去进行时,
其谓语结构是was/were+doing。故选 B。
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.Jack wants to be a cook when he ________ up.
【答案】grows
【详解】
句意:杰克长大后想当厨师。分析句子可知这是一个when引导的时间状语从句,遵循“主将从现”的原
则,从句的主语是第三人称单数,动词用三单形式,故填grows。
2.Lucy _________(dance)while her sister _________(sing)at 6:00 p.m. yesterday.
【答案】was dancing was singing
【详解】
句意:昨天下午六点露西在跳舞,她的姐姐在唱歌。此句是while引导的时间状语从句,表示主句和从句
动作同时发生,句子应该用过去进行时,即was/were+V-ing。主语Lucy和her sister 均为第三人称单数,
故be动词用was。故填was dancing;was singing。
3.I didn’t know the car ________(come)while he was shouting.
【答案】was coming
【详解】
句意:当他大喊时,我不知道汽车来了。根据“while he was shouting.”可知,句子应该用过去进行时,即
was/were+V-ing。主语the car,be动词用was。故填was coming。
4.My friend waved to me while I _______ (walk) along the street.
【答案】was walking
【详解】
句意:我在街上散步时,我的朋友向我挥手。
while用在进行时态的句子中,根据主句My friend waved to me的时态可以判断,while引导的时间状语从
句的时态为过去进行时,故答案为was walking。三、完成句子
1.When she _________ _________ the next morning. It was nine o’clock.
她第二天早上醒来时,已经9点了。
【答案】woke up
【详解】
表达“醒来”用动词短语“wake up”。根据“was”可知句子讲述过去发生的事,是一般过去时,动词用过
去式“woke”。故填woke;up。
2.当我想起那件事,我就忍不住笑起来。
I can’t __________ __________, when I think of that.
【答案】help laughing
【详解】
根据中英文对比可知,空格处应填意为“忍不住笑”的短语。can’t help doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“忍不
住做某事”,laugh作动词,意为“笑”,此处应用其动名词形式。故填help;laughing。
3.当雨开始对着窗户猛烈地敲打时,本正在帮助他的妈妈做晚饭。
Ben ________ his mom make dinner ________ the rain ________ heavily against the windows.
【答案】was helping when began to beat
【详解】
根据所给汉语意思可知,应该填的是“正在帮助”“当……时”和“开始敲打”,动词短语begin to do
sth“开始做某事”,when“当……时”引导时间状语从句,从句“雨敲打窗户”是表达过去的事,用一般过
去时,begin的过去式began,动词beat意为“敲打”,主句表示过去的某个时刻正在“帮助做饭”,用过
去进行时,构成:主语+was/were+动词现在分词,主语“Ben”是单数,所以用was,help“帮助”的现在分
词是helping,故填was helping;when;began to beat。
4.当你打电话时,我正在洗澡。
________ you ________, I ________________ a shower.
【答案】When called was taking
【详解】
when“当……时候”,引导时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时。call“打电话”,take a
shower“洗澡”,主语I是第一人称单数,谓语用单数形式,故填When;called;was taking。
5.当我们在收音机上听到这个消息的时候,我们正在厨房里吃晚饭。
We ________ ________ dinner in the kitchen ________ we ________ the news on the radio.
【答案】were havingwhen heard
【详解】
根据所给汉语意思可知,应该填的是“正在吃”“当……时”和“听到”,连词when意为“当……时”
引导时间状语从句,动词hear“听到”,动词短语have dinner“吃晚饭”,由句意可知,主句是过去进行
时,when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,hear的过去式heard,过去进行时构成:主语+was/were+动
词现在分词,主语是 “we”,所以用were,have的现在分词是having,故填were;having;when;
heard。
四、根据句意填空
1.I was watching the football match ______ my father came in.
【答案】when
【详解】
句意:我父亲进来时,我正在看足球比赛。根据“I was watching the football match...my father came in.”可
知,主句时态为过去进行时,从句时态为一般过去时,此处应用when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
2.________ they were singing and dancing, the teacher opened the door.
【答案】While
【详解】
句意:当他们正在唱歌和跳舞时,老师打开了门。根据“…they were singing and dancing, the teacher opened
the door.”可知,主句的动作是在从句的动作发生过程中进行的,因此用while表示“当……时”。故填
While。
五、将所给单词连成句子
1.came, what, doing, when, were, the rainstorm, you
_________________________________________?
【答案】What are you doing when the rainstorm came
【详解】
根据标点符号可知,这是what引导的特殊疑问句;what are you doing“你正在做什么”;when“当……
时”,引导时间状语从句,从句the rainstorm“暴风雨”作主语,came作谓语,故填What are you doing
when the rainstorm came“暴风雨来的时候你在做什么”。
2.in, while, reading, was, Tom, came, the teacher
______________________________________________________________________________________________.
【答案】The teacher came in while Tom was reading
【详解】
根据所给标点可知,此句为陈述句。the teacher作主语,句首首字母大写;came in作谓语;while Tom was
reading作时间状语从句,while引导的时间状语从句表示的是某段时间内连续的动作过程,应用过去进行
时,位于句末。故答案为:The teacher came in while Tom was reading“汤姆看书时老师进来了”。
六、汉译英
1.当我长大时,我想当一名医生。
______________________
【答案】When I grow up, I want to be a doctor.
【详解】
“当……的时候”when,引导时间状语从句,位于句首需大写首字母;“我”I,作主语,动词用原形;
“长大”grow up;“想要做某事”want to do sth.,不定式作宾语,固定结构;“当一名医生”be a
doctor。根据汉语提示,可知本句是when引导的时间状语从句,时态是一般现在时,故填When I grow up,
I want to be a doctor.
2.你长大以后想从事什么职业?
________________
【答案】What do you want to be when you grow up?
【详解】
根据句意可知这是一个特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词用what“什么”,紧跟其后是助动词do;want to do sth.“想
要做某事”;when“当……时候”,引导时间状语从句;you“你”;grow up“长大”。故填What do you
want to be when you grow up?
3.当人们说到文化的时候,我们会想到艺术和历史。
____________________
【答案】When people say culture, we think of art and history.
【详解】
当……时候when,人们people,说到say,文化culture,我们we,会想到 think of,艺术和历史art and
history。故填When people say culture, we think of art and history.
4.当这部卡通片在纽约问世的时候,它是第一部带有声音和音乐的卡通片。
____________________【答案】When the cartoon first came out in New York, it was the first cartoon with sound and music.
【详解】
根据汉语意思可知,本题是when引导的时间状语从句,且时态为一般过去时。when“当……时”,在句首
首字母大写;the cartoon“这部卡通片”;first“首次,初次”;come out“出版”,过去式是“came out”;in
New York“在纽约”。主句中,it代替“the cartoon”; the first cartoon“第一步卡通片”;with sound and
music“带有声音和音乐”。故填When the cartoon first came out in New York, it was the first cartoon with sound
and music.
5.总之,过马路的时候你必须遵守交通规则。(in short)
_________________________________
【答案】In short, you must obey the traffic rules when crossing the road.
【详解】
in short“总之”;must“必须”,情态动词后接动词原形;obey the traffic rules“遵守交通规则”;cross the
road“过马路”;when“当……时”,从句省略了主语和be动词,动词用现在分词,故填In short, you must
obey the traffic rules when crossing the road.
6.昨天你打电话时我正在睡觉。
____________________________________________________________
【答案】I was sleeping when you called/phoned yesterday.
【详解】
分析题干,句子译为英文后是含when引导的时间状语从句的复合句,根据“昨天”和“正在”可知,主
句用过去进行时:主语+was/were+doing,主语是第一人称,be动词用was;从句用一般过去时。我:I;正
在睡觉:was sleeping;当……时:when;你:you;打电话:called/phoned;昨天:yesterday。故填I was
sleeping when you called/phoned yesterday.
7.他们到家的时候,我会告诉他们。
______________________________________________
【答案】I will tell them (this) when they get home.
【详解】
本句为含有when时间状语从句的主从复合句,要遵循主将从现。主句为“我会告诉他们”,将来时态为I
will tell them (this),从句为“他们到家的时候”,用一般现在时,表达为when they get home。故填I will
tell them (this) when they get home.
8.昨天当我的妈妈正在做晚饭时,爸爸正在看报。
__________________________________________________________________【答案】While my mom was cooking dinner yesterday, my dad was reading a newspaper.
【详解】
我的妈妈:my mom;做晚饭:cook dinner;我的爸爸:my dad;看报:read a newspaper;昨天:
yesterday;当……时:while或when。本句话是时间状语从句,主从句动作同时进行,应用while引导从
句。结合语境可知,用进行时态,昨天发生,用过去进行时,谓语结构是was/were+doing,主从句主语都
是第三人称单数,所以用was+doing。故填While my mom was cooking dinner yesterday, my dad was reading a
newspaper.