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Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
教材重点语法知识链接及典例解读
一、动词不定式
【教材原句】
①You could help to clean up the city parks.你可以帮助清扫城市公园。
②The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.这个女孩可以看望医院里生病的孩子们，使
他们高兴起来。
③And we could each call up 10 students and ask them to come.并且我们可以每个人打电话叫10个学生，要求
他们来。
④Mario works for an animal hospital because he wants to learn about how to care for animals.马里奥在一家动物
医院工作，因为他想学习如何照顾动物。
动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，基本形式为“to+动词原形（有时
可以不带to)”，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式有以下几种用法：
1.动词不定式作主语。动词不定式作主语时，一般位于句首，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如果动词不
定式太长，则可用it作形式主语，构成“lt...to do sth.”句型。
To learn a foreign language is important for us.＝It's important for us to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语对
我们来说很重要。
2.动词不定式作宾语。后面常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词（短语）有 want,hope,begin,try,decide,expect,
refuse,would like等。
He tried to control his voice.他尽量控制自己的声音。
Tom refused to go back into the hospital.汤姆拒绝再进医院。
3.动词不定式作宾语补足语。常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask,tell,want,expect等。
He asked me to talk about my English study.他要求我谈谈有关我英语学习的事。
4.动词不定式作状语。动词不定式作状语时，一般位于句首或者句末，表示目的、原因、结果等。
To get good grades, I will study hard.=I will study hard to get good grades.为了取得好成绩，我将会努力学习。
5.动词不定式作定语。动词不定式作定语时，常位于所修饰的名词或代词之后，如果动词不定式的动词为
不及物动词，后面常需要加介词。
She got a job to teach children.她找到了一份教孩子的工作。6.疑问词＋动词不定式。
I don't know what to do.我不知道做什么。
7.省略动词不定式中的to的情况：
①使役动词let,make,have之后；
②感官动词（短语）feel,hear,see,watch,notice,listen to之后；
③动词help后可省略。
Let me think.让我想想。
I saw my mother get out.我看到我妈妈出去了。
He helped her (to) carry the case up the stairs.他帮她把箱子拎上了楼。
8.动词不定式的否定形式由“not+动词不定式”构成。
Tell her not to be late.告诉她不要迟到。
典例
－Why did you buy so many flowers?
－ my wife. I did something wrong yesterday.She is still angry with me.
A.Please B.To please C.Pleasing D.Be pleased
【解析】why一般提问原因或目的，由语境可知此处应用动词不定式表示目的。故选B项。
【答案】B
二、动词短语
【教材原句】
①I take after my mother.我像我妈妈。
②I gave away my bike to a children's home.我把我的自行车捐赠给了一个儿童之家。
动词与其他一些词构成的起动词作用的短语称为动词短语。动词短语的构成方式有以下几种：
1.动词＋副词，常见的副词有away,along,back,down,up,in,on,off,out等。这类动词短语带有宾语时，宾语如
果是人称代词，应放在动词和副词中间；宾语如果是名词，可放在中间或副词后。现将部分短语总结如下：
（1)带有up的动词短语有：clean up(打扫／清除干净），give up(放弃），call up(征召；打电话给），cheer
up(振奋起来），fix up(修理；装饰），put up（张贴；建立），use up(用完），get up(起床；使起床）等。
（2)带有out的动词短语有：hand out(分发），give out(分发；散发；用光），try out(试验），run out(用
完；耗尽）等。
（3)带有away的动词短语有：give away(赠送；捐赠；泄露），put away(把·····收拾起来），run away（出逃；逃避）等。
（4)带有on的动词短语有：get on(上车），put on（穿上），turn on(打开）等。
（5)带有off的动词短语有：get off(下车），put off（推迟），take off(脱掉；起飞），turn off(关闭）等。
（6)带有down的动词短语有：cut down(缩减；砍倒），turn down(调低；拒绝）等。
2.动词＋介词，它的宾语总是放在介词后。常见的有care for(照看），laugh at(嘲笑），take after(像），
look after(照顾），look for(寻找）等。
3.动词＋副词＋介词，宾语位于介词后。如 come up with(想出），run out of(用光），look forward to(盼
望），keep away from(远离），catch up with(赶上），go on with(继续）等。
典例
①A primary school in England has signs at its three entrances(入口），saying:Greet your child
with a smile,not a mobile.
A.put into B.put off C.put on D.put up
【解析】put into 意为“往······投入（资金）；耗费（精力等）”；put off 意为“推迟”；put on意为
“穿上；上
演”；put up 意为“张贴；建立”。根据语境和空后的signs at its three entrances 可知此处指贴了标语，故
选D项。
【答案】D
②－Many young people usually offer their seats to the old on the bus.
－That's good. The old should be .
A.looked for B.listened to C.depended on D.cared for
【解析】look for 意为“寻找”；listen to 意为“倾听”；depend on 意为“依靠；信赖；取决于”；care
for 意为
“照顾”。根据对话第一句及语境可知年轻人给老年人让座是照顾老年人，因此选择D项。
【答案】D
一、单项选择
1．Bob missed his grandparents very much, so he can’ wait ________ them.
A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see2．What bad weather it was! We decided ________.
A．to go out B．not to go out C．to not go out
3．Tom coughed a lot. The doctor advised him ________ any more.
A．to smoke B．not to smoke C．smoke D．not smoke
4．She was ________ on the bridge, because she was afraid ________ into the river.
A．to walk, to fall B．of walking, of falling C．of walking, to fall D．to walk, of falling
5．Our parents often tell us ________ in the river. It’s dangerous.
A．don’t swim B．not swim C．not to swim D．not swimming
6．Many children are left alone in the countryside. Let’s try our best ________ them.
A．help B．helping C．to help D．help
7．My father asks me ________ in the street. It's dangerous.
A．not to play B．not play C．not playing D．not to playing
8．It's time ________ an English lesson.
A．have B．to have C．having D．had
9．It’s time for me _______ goodbye to my mother school. I will never forget all my _______ love.
A．to say; teachers’ B．saying; teachers’ C．to say; teacher’s D．saying; teacher’s
10．—I didn’t hear you come in just now.
—That’s good. We tried any noise because you were sleeping.
A．not make B．not to make C．to make D．making
11．Sara didn't feel well this morning. She decided _________ to the park with her sister.
A．not go B．not to go C．go D．to go
12．My parents often tell me _______ too much junk food because it's bad for my health.
A．not eating B．not to eat C．eating D．to eat
13．Our teacher often tells us ________ in the river. It’s dangerous.
A．don’t swim B．not swim C．not to swim D．not swimming
14． Mr. Li makes me________, because it is bad for my health.
A．don’t smoke B．not to smoke C．not smoking D．not smoke
15．The traffic signs warn people after drinking.
A．to drive B．not to drive
C．driving D．don’t drive
16．—Why do you watch the news every night?
—Because I hope to_________ what’s going on around the world.A．find out B．come out C．get out D．bring out
17．Summer camping is a great experience for students. It is good to help them ________.
A．wake up B．get up C．hurry up D．grow up
18．I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have ever ________ her.
A．talk about B．heard about C．heard from D．listened to
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1．It’s time __________ (say) goodbye. We’d better go home now, you know, parents are waiting.
2．I think we are certain __________ (be) successful.
3．I call the helpline ________ (ask) for the advice on my problems.
4．Mike is careful ________ (cross) the road.
5．Be sure __________ (finish) your homework.
6．My cousin Suzy advised me ________ (not spend) too much time on computer games.
7．I can’t wait _______ (open) my present on Children’s Day.
8．You can choose your favourite fruit _________ (eat).
9．The little girl often helps ____________ (clean) the house.
10．Will people live ________ (be) 200 years old?
11．Could you please show me how ________（spell）this word?
12．Andy was not very tired, so he decided ______(not stay) at home.
13．As we know, the driver is too tired and he needs _____(lie) down.
14．Jim asked me ______(give) his best wishes to my parents.
三、完成句子
1．你一定会通过测试。
You’re certain _____________ the test.
2．快到七月份了，该是我们放暑假的时候了。
July is coming. _______ have our summer vacation.
3．Jim 想要环游世界并更多地了解这个世界。
Jim wants to _________ __________ __________ __________and learns more about the world.
4．她听到有人在叫她，所以她停下来看了看。
She heard someone calling her, so she stopped to ________ ________ ________.
5．I heard my father ________.我听见我父亲出去了。
6．这奶是喂孩子的，要注意保温。
The milk is for the baby, __________ it __________.
7．Children prefer _________ at home rather than ________ with you.
孩子们宁愿待在家里而不愿和你一起出去。
8．You shouldn’ t always ____________ others.
你不应该总是依靠别人。
9．他们跟外国人交流没有困难。
They ________ ________ ________ ________ talking to the foreigners.
10．吸烟对人的健康有害。
Smoking ________ ________ ________ people’s health.
四、根据汉语提示填空
1．The young man ________ (承诺) ________ (not be) late again.
2．The little girl is too small ________(推， 挤）past you .
五、同义句转化
1．He is not old enough to drive a car. (改为同义句)
_______________________________________________________________________
2．My mother always warns me against playing football on the street. (改为同义句)
My mother always warns me ________ ________ ________ football on the street.
3．The house is very small .My family can’t live in it.
The house is ________small ________my family ________live in.
4．I hope that I can visit Paris one day. (改为同义句)
I hope ________ ________ Paris one day.
5．The new computer cost me 5000 yuan . (改为同义句)
I _______ 5000 yuan _______ the new computer.
六、汉译英：整句
1．我不想让我父母担心我。
______________________________________________
2．我害怕跟任何人交朋友。______________________________________________
3．我花30元买了这本书。（pay)
__________________________________
