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宾语从句考点聚焦和精讲
【中考复合句考点聚焦】
掌握宾语从句的时态、语序及引导词的选择
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。中考主要考查的知识点有三个：引导词、时态和语序。
1. 宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句的引导词有三种：that；whether/if；特殊疑问词 what/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/
how等。
（1） that 引导的宾语从句 ：宾语从句具有陈述意义时，或是宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，用
于陈述一件事，宾语从句用that引导，that无意义，不充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中常被省略，但在
正式场合，特别是表示建议要求的从句，一般不省略。
1.The radio says it will rain tomorrow. 收音机报道说明天要下雨。
2.3.Do you think it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗?
He said he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。
（2）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有特殊疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是由特殊
疑问句转化而来，应该用连接代词（what, which, who, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引
导。这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。
1.Could you tell me gate we have to go to? 请问我们得走哪个门?
2.Could you tell me he said to you? 你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？
3.He didn’t tell me he would stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。
4.Could you tell me you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开
会迟到吗？
【注意】what引导宾语从句时有两种含义，一是“什么”，一是“……的东西/事情等”。
1.Can you tell me we can do for you? 请问我们能为你做点什么？(what意思为“什么”)
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2.In one’s own home one can do one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。(what意思为“……的事
情”)
（3） if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句 ：宾语从句具有一般疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是一般疑
问句转化而来的，引导词用if 或whether。if 或whether在句子中不充当成分，但有一定的意义，意为
“是否”。if 或whether不可省略。
1.I don’t care you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。
2.I wonder you have told the news to Li Lei. 我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。
3.Let us know you can finish the work before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工
作做完。
【注意】 一般情况下， if 和 whethe r 可以互换，但以下几种情况只能用 whethe r ：
① 在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether，而不用if。
1.I want to know it’s good news or not. 我想知道是否是好消息。
2.They are talking about to go there or not. 他们正在谈论是否去那儿。
3.Can you tell me or not he will come to our party. 你能告诉我是否将要来参加我们的聚会。
② 宾语是介词引导的从句时用whether。
1.It depends on (取决于) it is going to rain. 这取决于是否会下雨。
2.It all depends on he has enough time. 这要看他是否有足够的时间。
3.His father is worried about he loses his work. 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
③ 宾语是不定式时用whether。
1.I can’t decide to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
2.We really don’t know to go or to stay. 我们确实不知道是去还是留。
④ 有时为了强调，将宾语从句放在句首时用whether。
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1. the story is true or not, I don’t know yet. 故事是否属实，我还不知道。
2. they can finish the work on time is still a problem. 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
2. 宾语从句的时态
（1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时（包括一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现
在完成时）或祈使句时，从句可根据意义需要选用任何一种时态。
1.He says that he good at English. 他说他擅长英语。
2.He says that he been ill for two days. 他说他已经病了两天了。
3.I don’t know if he come tomorrow. 我不知道是否他明天回来。
4.Xiaoming wants to know what time you up this morning. 小明想知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。
5.Do you know what he doing at 9 o’clock yesterday evening? 你知道昨天晚上九点钟他在干什么
吗？
（2）如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时（包括一般过去时，过去将来时，过去进行时，过
去在完成时），从句要用相对应的过去的时态（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成
时）。
We asked what Jean doing then. 我们问Jean那时正在做什么。
（3）如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常
性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。
1.He said that the sun in the east. 他说太阳从东方升起。
2.Polly said no news good news. 波利说没有消息就是好消息。
3.He told me that his father an English teacher. 他告诉我他父亲是一位英语老师。
4.The mother told his son that two and three five. 母亲告诉她的儿子二加三等于五。
5.Lisa asked whether light faster than sound. 莉萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。
6.We all knew that a friend in need a friend indeed. 我们都知道患难的朋友才是真正的朋友。
7.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day. 老师昨天告诉我们十二月二十
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五日是圣诞节。
（4）如果宾语从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，不论主句用什么时态，从句一律用过去
时。
1.She said she to work here in 1998. 她说她1998年来这儿工作。
2.The teacher told us that the war out in the winter of 1923. 老师告诉我们战争爆发于1923年冬
天。
（5）情态动词could/would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约
束。
1.Could you tell me where the nearest hospital ? 你能告诉我最近的医院在哪儿吗？
2.Could you let me know when he here? 你能让我知道他什么时候离开这儿吗？
3. 宾语从句的语序
（1）陈述句改为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。
He is a good boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said (that) he a good boy. 老师说他是一
个好孩子。
（2）一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句，语序改为陈述语序。
1.Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whether hard. 我想知道他是否努力工作。
2.Did you get home very late? He asked me. →He asked me if home very late. 他问我是否到家很
晚。
3.When did he leave? I don’t know. →I don’t know when . 我不知道他是什么时候离开的。
4.Where does your father work? Can you tell us?→Can you tell us where ? 你能告诉我们
你爸在哪里工作吗?
【注意】当引导词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时，其语序则保持原来的语序，即“连接代词+谓语”。
如：
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1.He asked me . 他问我我怎么啦？（what在从句中作主语）
2.Can you tell me ? 你能告诉我出了什么事？（what在从句中作主语）
3.I don’t know . 我不知道他们中谁最小。（who在从句中作主语）
4. 宾语从句的否定转移
如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时，并且谓语动词多为think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect,
fancy, guess等表示心理活动的词时，如果宾语从句是否定的，一般要将否定词 not转移到主句的谓语动词
上，而将宾语从句变成肯定形式，即否定转移。否则，变否定句看从句。
1.I believe he will come.（变否定句）→I he will come. 我相信他不会来。
2.I think chicken can swim.（变否定句）→I chicken can swim. 我认为鸡不会游泳。
3.He knows where I live.（变否定句）→He where I live. 他不知道我住在什么地方。
5. 宾语从句变反意疑问句
（1）如果宾语从句的主句是第一人称I或we时，变反意疑问句时看从句，但要注意否定转移的情况。
1.I don’t think he can finish the work, he? 我认为他不能完成这项工作，是吗？
2.I don’t expect that she would come, she? 我想她不会来了，是吗？
3.I imagine that the students like her, they? 我认为学生们喜欢她，不是吗？
（2）如果主句不是第一人称时则看主句。
1.He doesn’t know where I live, he? 他不知道我住在什么地方，是吗？
2.You think she is a good teacher, you? 你认为她是个好老师，不是吗？
3.Mary thinks you will come to the meeting, she? 玛丽认为你会来参加会议，不是吗？
（3）如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲
课，是不是?
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6. 宾语从句的复合结构
（1）在think, find, feel, consider, make, believe等接有复合宾语的动词之后，为了避免句子头重脚轻或关
系模糊，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正作宾语的宾语从句放在宾语补足语之后，即用“及物动词+it+宾语
补足语+宾语从句”结构。
I that we should learn swimming well. 我认为我们应该学好游泳是很重要
的。
（2）有些动词带宾语从句时要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词主要有：hate, take, owe, have, see to。
1.He will have that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行。
2.I hate when they say with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。
（3）若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替。
1.We all consider . 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。
2.We discovered to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的。
7. 宾语从句的简化。
宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容
词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。下面介绍几种常见的简化宾语从句的用法。
方法一： 改为“动词 + 不定式短语” 。当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise, forget,
plan等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
1.We decided that we would help him. →We decided him. 我们决定，我们会帮助他。
2.Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes very soon. 李明希望他会很快回来。
3.She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed me with my maths. 她同意帮助我
学数学。
方法二： 改为“疑问词 + 不定式” 。当主句谓语动词是ask, know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词，且主
句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
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1.I don’t know what I should say.→I don’t know . 我不知道要说什么。
2.She has forgotten how she can open the door.→ She has forgotten the door. 他已忘记
如何打开那扇门了。
【注意】当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，
宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me to the
station? 你能告诉我怎样去火车站吗？
方法三： 改为“宾语 + 动名词形式 / 不定式 / 名词（作宾补）” 。当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等
感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的动名词或不定式形式。
1.They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very . 他们发现这只箱子很重。
2.She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet on the ground. 她发
现钱包躺在地上。
方法四： 改为 “不定式（短语）” 。动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型
需要进行适当的变化。
It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed . 男孩们似乎要赢了。
方法五：改为“名词或名词短语”。
1.I’ll take back what I said. → I’ll take back . 我将收回我的话。
2.Could you tell us how we can get to the museum? → Could you tell us the museum? 你能告诉我如
何去博物馆吗?
3.The boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. 那男孩不知道他在何时何地出生。
→The boy doesn’t know . 男孩不知道他出生的时间和地方
方法六：改为“动名词形式”。动词remember, forget后的宾语从句是现在完成时态时，可把宾语从句改
成动名词作宾语，
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1.I forget I have closed the window. → I forget the window. 我忘了我已经关过窗户了。
2.I remember that I have told her the truth. → I remember her the truth. 我记得我把真相告诉了她。
方法七：改为“过去分词或过去分词短语”。
1.The teacher found that the boy was very interested in maths. 老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。
→The teacher found the boy very maths. 老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。
2.Soon they found that the ground was covered with thick snow. 他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。
→Soon they found the ground thick snow. 他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。
8. 宾语从句和状语从句的区别
if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。
if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语
从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，从句时态用一般
现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。
1.---- I don’t know if he come. 我不知道他是否会来。
2.---- He will come if it rain. 如果不下雨，他会来的。
3.---- Do you know when he come back tomorrow? 你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？
4.---- Sorry, I don’t know. When he back, I’ll tell you. 对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉
你。
题组1填空题
1.Find out those things are, think hard about who you want to be, and then show yourself honestly to the
people around you.
2.—Do you know the Smiths left Shanghai?
—I’m not sure about the date. I only remember it was a Sunday.
3.—It’s said that the new highway has been completed.
—Yes,but we don’t know it’s to be opened to traffic soon.
题组2选择题
1．（2023·青海·统考中考真题）A best friend is a person _________ is always there when you need him or her.
As the saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
A．whom B．whose C．who
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2．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）—I want to know ________.
—Friendly and honest people.
A．when you will meet your friends
B．how you make your friends happy
C．where you spend weekends with friends
D．what kind of people you want to make friends with
3．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）—Bob, could you tell me ________?
—Of course. Every day.
A．when the teacher will come B．why you keep a diary
C．how long you slept last night D．how often you exercise
4．（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）—Do you know ________?
—It’s in the desert to the east of Cairo.
A．what the new capital of Egypt (埃及) is B．where the new capital of Egypt is
C．how big the new capital of Egypt is D．why Egypt is getting a new capital
5．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）— Could you please tell me ________?
— It’s on the second floor.
A．why you were late B．where the restroom is
C．when the shop opens D．how the weather will be tomorrow
6．（2023·辽宁锦州·统考中考真题）—Amy, I wonder ________ in the street when I come to pick you up.
—Well, there’s a big tree with lovely flowers by the front gate at the moment.
A．who I can go with B．how I can find your house
C．why I can’t take the bus D．when I should arrive at your house
7．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—I wonder ________.
—My best friend James.
A．how can you spend the coming summer holidays
B．how you can spend the coming summer holidays
C．who will you spend the coming summer holidays with
D．who you will spend the coming summer holidays with
8．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）—Hi, Kate. I want to know ________.
—You can help to hand out some notices.
A．when School Day is B．who can come to School Day
C．why we hold School Day D．what I can do for School Day
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9．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）— I wonder _______ this evening.
— What about the Sports Center? It’s big and clean.
A．where we can play basketball B．when we can play basketball
C．when can we play basketball D．where can we play basketball
10．（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）—You know ________? In 12 hours!
— That’s crazy. How is it even possible?
A．how soon we must finish the task B．how often we must finish the task
C．how soon must we finish the task D．how often must we finish the task
11．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）—Could you tell me ________?
—By underground.
A．where is Shenyang Imperial Palace B．where Shenyang Imperial Palace is
C．how I can get to Shenyang Imperial Palace D．how can I get to Shenyang Imperial Palace
12．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—Do you know ___________ ?
—It was introduced through the Silk Road.
A．why pepper was planted in China B．what pepper was used for in China
C．when pepper was discovered in China D．how pepper was introduced to China
13．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）— Sandy, Dragon Boat Festival is coming. Could you tell me________?
— Sure! You can buy some in Shihui Supermarket. It’s not far from here.
A．where I can buy some sweet zongzi B．who likes eating sweet zongzi
C．whether this kind of zongzi is sweet D．how you make sweet zongzi
14．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）—I’ll visit the old people’s home this weekend, but I don’t know ________.
—You can ride a bike.
A．how I should go there B．who I should go with
C．when I should come back D．where I should stay
15．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）—Alice, I wonder ________ you won the tug-of-war (拔河比赛)
yesterday.
—Yeah! We pulled together and made it in the end.
A．what B．where C．whether
16．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing ________ can’t
be achieved.
A．who B．that C．whom
17．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）The Aerospace Square ________ was completed last year has become a new
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tourist attraction.
A．which B．who C．whom D．where
18．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Next Sunday is my grandmother’s birthday. I’m thinking about ________.
—Good boy! And please give my best wishes to her.
A．what present I gave her B．how I can give her a surprise
C．if I had a party for her D．where will my family have a big meal
19．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）— Excuse me, could you tell me ________?
— You can take the No. 28 bus there. It’s about 20 minutes’ ride.
A．how far Huaxing Middle School is
B．how can I get to Huaxing Middle School
C．how long it takes to get to Huaxing Middle School
20．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Could you tell me ________?
—In Education Bookshop near the school.
A．where you bought the map
B．where did you buy the map
C．where could you buy the map
21．（2023·广西·统考中考真题）—Excuse me, could you tell me ________?
—At 7 o’clock in the evening.
A．when the concert will start
B．where we can buy concert tickets
C．who will sing songs at the concert
22．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）—Safety is very important to all of us.
—I agree. We students should learn ________ ourselves in the daily life.
A．where to hold B．what to visit C．how to protect D．why to help
23．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）—I want to know ________.
—Maybe in the classroom.
A．when will we buy them B．why they will like to go there
C．where will you go to work D．where we will have the singing training
24．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）—Would you please tell me ________?
—By keeping a diary every day.
A．why you want to study English
B．who you often speak English with
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C．how you improve your English writing
25．（2023·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）—What did the shopkeeper say to you?
—She asked me _______.
A．when did the shop close B．if I preferred that T-shirt
C．what else I will buy D．where did I see the style
26．（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—Could you tell me ________ get something to eat?
—Sure. There’s a restaurant down the street.
A．what I can B．what can I C．where can I D．where I can
27．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）—Could you tell me ________?
—I think watching cooking videos is a good way.
A．how did you cook well B．how can you cook well C．how you can cook well
题组2语篇填空
However, several studies have shown a serious problem: todays teenagers lack media literacy(媒体素养).
In other words, they have difficulty critically thinking about the information they see. One study 1 was done
on middle school students showed that more than 80 percent of them couldnt tell the difference between real
stories and ads that looked like news.
Stanford professor Kevin John teaches a class called Media Effects. He tries to help his students learn media
literacy. The professor gave an example that shows 2 media literacy is important. In the example, two news
stations report a snowstorm. One focuses on(关注) the terrible road conditions. The other focuses on kids playing
in the snow. “With a news story, news stations tell you 3 they feel are the important details(细节). These
details mostly depend on the opinions of the news director,” said John. “A person 4 has media literacy would
realize 5 each story is about one side at this time. There is more going on.”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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