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考点 19 宾语从句-名词性从句（重难考点精讲练）
名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语
从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；
一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。
预计2023年高考对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来
考查考生的实际综合运用能力。
考向一 名词性从句连接词的用法
名词性从句的连接词主要有以下几种：
从属连词that/whether/if，
连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，
连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
1.that的用法。
(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。
☞That they are good at English is known to us all.
☞The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
☞The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.
(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：
①当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；
②有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；
③介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；
④当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。
☞He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine.
☞The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
☞Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.(3)that和what的区别。
that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句
时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的＂先行词＋关系代词＂，即常说
的＂先行词＋that＂。
☞It’s a shame that he has made such a mistake.
☞I will do what I can (do) to help him.
(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词
that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子
是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名
词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，
而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。
☞They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)
☞The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句)
2.whether和if的用法。
☞ (1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。
It all depends on whether they will come back.
(2)后面直接跟or not 时用whether。
☞I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.
(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。
☞Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
☞The question is whether they have so much money.
(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。
☞We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.
(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。
☞The question of whether they are male or female is not important.
☞I have not decided whether to go or not.
(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。
☞Thank you，but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.
(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示＂不管＂、＂无论＂，而if不能。
☞Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.3.疑问词＋ever和no matter＋疑问词的区别。
(1)疑问词＋ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。
☞Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
☞You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
(2)疑问词＋ever还可引导让步状语从句。
☞Whoever breaks the rule，he must be punished.
☞Whatever you do，you must do it well.
(3)no matter＋疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
☞No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it.
☞No matter who comes late，he must be punished.
4.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则 when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同
位语从句。
☞They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位语从句)
☞This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句)
5.名词性从句中that不宜省略的几种情况
宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略，但在以下情况时，that不宜省略。
（1）当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引入第二个从句的连词that不可省略。如：
The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must
be signed names by their parents.
老师告诉学生他们要在第二天交上作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。
（2）当that前面有插入语时，that不宜省略。如：
Little Alice didn't know, I'm sure, that her sister was going to America.
我确信，小艾丽斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美国了。
（3）省略答语中，that宾语从句单独出现时，that不可省略。如：
—What did he say? 他说了什么
—That he would visit the Great Wall. (他说)他将会参观长城。
（4）当主句的状语部分位于that 宾语从句之前时，that不宜省略。如：
Jane realized at once that she must do with it herself. 珍立刻意识到她必须亲自处理那件事。(如省略that，at
once也可能修饰从句，是表示＂立刻意识到……＂，还是表示＂立刻去处理……＂，较为含糊)
（5） 当that 宾语从句中的状语部分位于从句的前部时，that不宜省略。如：☞Tom promised that if he could earn as much as 500 dollars in this month, he would buy a computer for his
brother. 汤姆许下诺言，如果他在这个月里能够赚到500美元，他就给他的弟弟买台电脑。
（6）当that 宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that一般不宜省略。如：
☞I will never tell anyone that you have ever been there.
我绝对不会告诉别人你曾经去过那儿。
（7）当为了强调而把that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。如：
That they would take the risk was very clear. 他们将要冒这个险是很清楚的了。
（8）当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时，其宾语that从句中的 that 不宜省略。如：
☞Mary has made up her mind that she will study hard for the scholarship, so she can have the chance to go abroad
for further study.
玛丽下定决心努力学习以获得奖学金资格，这样她就有机会出国深造了。
（9）当that 宾语从句前有 it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略。如：
We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.
我们认为大学生至少掌握一门外语是很重要的。
（10）当引导同位语从句时，that一般不可省略，尤其当that与先行词处于分割情况时。如：
☞He heard the news that his team had won.
他听到了他的队获胜的消息。
☞There is a feeling in me that they are cheating me.
我有一种感觉他们在骗我。
（11）当that 宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或是主语从句时，that不可省略。如：
The doctor said that taking exercise was the best way of losing weight.
医生说运动是最好的减肥方式。
1.It is reported that a new school has been built in___ was a deserted village a few decades ago.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
【答案】 B
【解析】句意：据报道一个新的学校被建在几十年前是荒废的村子上。介词in后面接的是宾
语从句，宾语从句中没有主语，what在宾语从句中一般做主宾表，that连接宾语从句的时候，不做成分，which哪个，where哪里，不符合句意。选B。
2.He said nothing except ________ he will come to her birthday party.
A. that B. what C. whether D. if
【答案】 A
【解析】句意：他什么也没说，只是说他要来参加她的生日聚会。此处为宾语从句，whether
和if引导名词性从句时，意为“是否”，该句则句意不通；what引导名词性从句时，需要充
当句子的主语、表语或宾语；that引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，没有汉语意思。本句
中的从句句子成分齐全，不缺成分，所以应使用代词that。故选A。
3.You may have one of these；in other words，you may have ________you choose.
A. whichever B. wherever C. whenever D. no matter which
【答案】 A
【解析】考查宾语从句。空格处所填词既要作have的宾语，同时又作choose的宾语，排除D
项；根据前半句意思判断，表示“在一定范围内选择”，因此选A项。
4.I would appreciate _________ you could work with us to communicate to the American people
________ there are no more funds available for further improvement of social security.
A. it that, if B. that, if C. it if, that D. if, that
【答案】 C
【解析】考查appreciate的用法和宾语从句。句意：如果你能和我们一起工作，把没有进一步
改善社会保障资金的消息传递给美国人民，我将万分感激你。第一空是固定句式I would
appreciate it if…；第二空是that引导的宾语从句。根据句意可知选C。
5.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.
A. why B. where C. how D. when
【答案】 B
【解析】Jane漫无目的沿着绿树成荫的街道走着，不知道她该往何方．句中she was heading
作knowing的宾语，是一个宾语从句；前面的aimlessly表示漫无目的，说明的是不知道目的
地，要用where来连接．故选B．考向二 宾语从句
【难点梳理】
1）宾语从句主要跟在动词、介词和某些形容词之后。
I wish hat he woud understand me. 我希望他能理解我。
Whether we can succeed depends on how well we cooperate.我们能否成功取决于我们合作得怎么样。
I’m afraid that I’ve made a mistake. 恐怕我犯了一个错误。
注意：
2
(1)一般情况下介词后只能接wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。
He'll talk to us about what happened in the classroom.他将给我们讲述课堂上发生的事情。 ）
(2) in, but, except等少数几个介词后可接由that引导的宾语从句，但此时介词和that已形成固定搭配，即
in that因为, but that要不是, except that除了。
The high income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.个人所得税高
是有害的，因为它可能使人们不愿意努力赚更多的钱。
He would have failed but that you helped him.若不是你帮助他，他会失败的。
引导宾语从句的连接词主要有：
连接词：that，whether，if等
连接代词：what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等
连接副词：when，where，why，how等
1. 连接词that，whether，if引导
I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
注意：
whether/if 都意为＂是否＂。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用 if，但以下情况中，只能用
whether。
（1）与or not紧接连用时。
Let me know whether or not you can come. 请让我知道你是否能来。
（2）作介词的宾语从句时。
We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting. 我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。
2. 连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等引导
She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她问我班上谁的书法最好。I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。
3. 连接副词when，where，why，how等引导
Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?
I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直在考虑如何使我们的报
纸更用趣。
4. 宾语从句的语序
在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。
He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。
Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?
5. 宾语从句的时态
（1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
she says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)
（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)
He said that they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)
（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有
心人。
He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快。
注意：在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：
①动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则
需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了惯例。
②hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示＂喜欢；痛恨；认为＂的动词或动词短语和see
to表示＂注意，留意＂后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。
I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。
When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral. 启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。
③介词后的宾语从句。
She is always thinking of how she can do more for others. 她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。
④宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的
否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don’t think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
I don’t believe he will come. 我相信他不会来。
【巧学妙记】
宾语从句的用法速记口诀
宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。
一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。
陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否（if，whether）替；
特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。
二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。
主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；
主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。
三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。
1.She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
【答案】 C
【解析】句意：她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我没有。when何时；where哪里；
whether是否；what什么。根据后半句可知选C。
2.My family think they know a lot about me but I turn out to be a little different from_______ they
think.
A. what B. that C. which D. how
【答案】 A
【解析】句意：我的家人以为他们非常了解我，不过我其实和他们认为的有点不一样。what引导的从句充当from的宾语。what they think他们认为的样子。
3.It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
A. where B. what C. which D. why
【答案】 B
【解析】imagine后需要一个宾语，“life was like…”做imagine的宾语需要一个不做句子成分
的引导词，同时这个句子中 like缺少宾语，所以空格处缺少一个兼词 what。句意为：很难想
象古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。故答案选B。
1．The spokesman noted _______ some individuals apparently lack is not the means to get the correct information,
but the courage to admit the truth.
A．whether B．that C．which D．what
2．Fanny asked ________ made that oddlooking little cat so popular.
A．what was it that B．what was that
C．what it was that D．what that was
3．Students show great interest in ________ Professor William presents to them in his class.
A．whichever B．wherever C．whatever D．however
4．All of us applauded the proposal _____ every cent should be used where it is needed most.
A．that B．what C．which D．whether
5．It is generally acknowledged that loving your life is _____ the key to happiness lies.
A．what B．why C．where D．whether
6．— The designers are over the moon.What's up?
— They've reached an agreement on_________the bonuses are to be divided later.
A．why B．how C．where D．when
7．The only time my father really stops thinking about work is_____our whole family are on vacation.
A．that B．when C．where D．which
8．The spokesman noted______some individuals apparently lack is not the means to get the correct information,
but the courage and conscience to admit the truth.
A．which B．that C．whether D．what
9．What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas.A．whether B．why C．what D．when
10．It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office.
A．whether B．where
C．which D．that
11．Air pollution is a big problem. I wonder ______ we can do about it.
A．whether B．what C．how D．that
12．________ is known to all is that the outstanding academic atmosphere, as well as various festivals and sports,
________ many students to our school.
A．It： draw B．Which： draw C．What： draws D．As： draws
13．I don’t doubt ________ he will come tomorrow, but I do doubt ________ he will come on time.
A．that; whether B．whether; whether
C．that; that D．whether; that
14．The fact ________ he was successful proves his ability.
A．what B．that C．which D．why
15．________ students do at the college matters much more than where they travel.
A．Which B．Where C．What D．When
16．College campus life is usually nothing like ______ students imagined when they were in high school.
A．what B．which C．that D．as
17．The book is of great help to ______ wants to do the job.
A．who B．whomever C．no matter who D．whoever
18．By reading the story, you may understand ______ to be successful.
A．it takes what B．you take what C．what takes you D．what it takes
19．He’s as a “bellyacher”—he’s always complaining about something.
A．who is known B．whom is known
C．what is known D．which is known
20．The researchers who study jokes want to find out _______ people from different nations and cultures find
funny.
A．why B．that
C．what D．whether
21．I have resigned, and they have a free hand to appoint__________ they like in my place.
A．whenever B．however C．whatever D．whomever22．Anyone with common sense is able to make the proper decision and do ______ suits the occasion best.
A．no matter what B．no matter how C．whatever D．however
23．You can get you want as a gift for your fantastic performance in the final examination for you and
your friends.
A．whoever B．whichever C．however D．whatever
24．I think my father would like to know_______I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
A．which B．what C．why D．when
25．The beauty of a tournament like the World Cup is ________ it can be wildly unpredictable.
A．whether B．how C．that D．why
26．My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish ____________ I put my mind to.
A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．whichever
27．—The hillside village remains primitive and unspoiled.
—That explains ______ people desire to explore such a remote place.
A．how B．where C．when D．why
28．Social media paints this rosy picture that everyone else 's lives are perfect,but things are seldom_______they
seem.
A．which B．what C．how D．where
29．— Would you please tell us the prospect of fighting against COVID-19?
— We are sure to win the battle, but ______ it’ll be over soon I’m not sure at the moment.
A．whether B．that C．if D．when
30．He sold his house for twice ________ he paid for it so he did well out of the deal.
A．how B．what C．that D．which
11．B
1．【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：发言人指出有些人明显缺乏的不是获取正确信息的手段，而是承认
真理的勇气和良知。分析句子可知，谓语动词noted后是一个宾语从句，此宾语从句中缺少宾语，表示
“缺乏的东西”，指物，所以用what引导宾语从句。故选D项。
2．【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句和强调句。句意：他想知道是什么使她在最后一刻改变了主意。根据句意，他想知
道是什么使她在最后一刻改变了主意。分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句作 asked的宾语，从句中缺少
表语，所以应用 what 引导。又因为从句中包含一个强调句，所以应用 “it is (was) ... that + 其他” 的结
构，强调宾语从句的主语 what，故此处应为 what it was that。故正确答案为C。
3．【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生们对威廉教授在课堂上给他们讲授的任何东西都表现出极大的兴趣。
A. whichever无论哪一个，有特定范围；B. wherever无论哪里；C. whatever无论什么；D. however无论如
何。介词后接宾语，此处为宾语从句，引导词在从句中做present的宾语，指代“讲授的内容”，应用
whatever。故选C。
4．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。句意：我们所有人都同意这个提议把每一分钱都用在最需要的
地方。这里的proposal提议是一个抽象名词，后面需要进行阐述说明这个提议的具体内容。这里的名词和
后面的从句表达的同一个意思，所以是同位语从句。而且这里的从句成分已经完整了，所以选择that起一
个引导作用，并且不可以省略。故答案选A。
5．【答案】C
【详解】
考查表语从句。句意：众所周知，热爱生活是幸福的关键所在。分析句子可知，本句为表语从句，连接词
在从句中充当状语，且幸福的关键所在表示地点，只能用where。故选C项。
6．【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：——这些设计者们兴高采烈的。怎么了？——他们刚刚就奖金怎么分配达
成了一致。分析句子可知，空白处与其后句子一起作介词on的宾语，属于宾语从句，空白处需要引导词，
其中句子成分完整，结合句意考虑用连接副词how作方式状语，表示“如何”。故选B项。
7．【答案】B
【解析】考查表语从句连接副词。句意：只有当全家一起度假的时候，我父亲才不会去想工作上的事情。
分析句子可知，“_____our whole family are on vacation.”在句中作表语，是表语从句，空格在表语从句中作
时间状语，需用连接副词when，表示“在……时候”。故选B。
8．【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：发言人指出有些人明显缺乏的不是获取正确信息的手段，而是承认
真理的勇气和良知。分析句子可知，谓语动词noted后接了一个宾语从句，此宾语从句缺乏宾语，宾语是
物，所以用引导词what。故选D项。9．【答案】B
【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。
A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. what什么，所…的事儿；D. when什么时间，…的时间。分析句子，
该空需要一个表语从句的连接词，结合句意，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以
本句为why引导的表语从句。故选B项。
10．【答案】D
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：他突然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室了。It occurs/occurred to sb. that...某人突然
想到……。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，从句成分完整，用that仅起连接作用，无实义。
故选D项。
11. 【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：空气污染是个大问题。我想知道我们能做些什么。分析句子成分可
知，“______ we can do about it”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少动词do的宾语，意为“什么”，所给选项中，
“whether(是否)”、“how(如何)”和“that(无意义)”均不能充当此成分，且意思不符，所以排除A、C和D
项，故选B。
12．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句和主谓一致。句意：众所周知，优秀的学术氛围，以及各种节日和体育活动，吸
引了很多学生来我们学校。分析句子可知，第一空引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以连接词
what；as well as 连接两个主语，谓语动词的形式由前一个主语决定，因此draw 的形式是由the outstanding
academic atmosphere确定的，结合语境可知，此处为一般现在时，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选
C。
13．【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我并不怀疑他明天会来，但我确实怀疑他会准时来。分析句子可知，
________ he will come tomorrow为doubt的宾语，设空处为宾语从句的连接词，从句中不缺少成分，也不
缺少意义，应用that；________ he will come on time也为doubt的宾语，设空处为宾语从句的连接词，从句
中不缺少成分，但缺少“是否”的意思，应用 whether，根据句意，故填A。
14．【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：他成功的事实证明了他的能力。分析句子结合句意可知，空格处引导同
位语从句，从句句意和成分完整，所以用that引导该从句，故选B项。
15．【答案】C
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么比他们去哪里旅行更重要。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“什么”应用what引导。故选C。
16．【答案】A
【解析】
考查名词性从句。句意：大学校园生活通常不像学生在高中时想象的那样。宾语从句中从句动词imagined
后缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接词what。根据句意，故填A。
17．【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：这本书对任何想做这项工作的人都有很大的帮助。根据句意和句子结构可
知，空格处单词引导的句子作介词to的宾语，句子为宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指人，表示“无
论谁”，故应用whoever引导从句，who不符合语境，whomever应在从句中作宾语，no matter who只能引
导让步状语从句，不用来引导宾语从句。故选D项。
18．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：通过阅读这个故事，你可能会明白成功要付出些什么。此处为宾语从句，
从句中缺少宾语，it作形式主语，且宾语从句中要用“连接词+陈述句”语序，结合句意表示“什么”故应
用what引导。故选D。
19．【答案】C
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：他作为一个满腹牢骚者而出名—他总是抱怨一些事。is后是表语从句。
A.who表示“谁”；B.whom为who的宾格形式，在定语从句中充当宾语；C.what在名词性从句中充当宾
语或表语或主语；D.which表示“哪一个”，在从句中充当主语。此处的空格引导了表语从句，并充当了
从句的主语两种成分，故填what。故选C。
20．【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：研究笑话的人想查明来自不同国家和文化的人觉得什么有趣。find out后面
的宾语从句缺少引导词，find后面缺少宾语，根据语境，宾语表示“什么”，所以用what引导宾语从句。
故选C。
21．【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我已经辞职了，他们可以任意任命他们喜欢的人来接替我的职位。A.
whenever无论何时；B. however然而；C. whatever无论什么；D. whomever任何人。__________ they like in
my place是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，表示“他们喜欢的任何人”，用whomever，故选D。
22．【答案】C
【解析】考查连接词辨析。句意：任何有常识的人都能做出正确的决定，做最适合这个场合的事。A. no
matter what 无论什么，只能引导状语从句；B. no matter how无论怎样，只能引导状语从句；C. whatever一切，可引导名词性从句和状语从句；D. however不管怎样，不管多么，可引导名词性从句和状语从句。分
析句子结构可知此处为宾语从句，故排除A、B选项，且从句中缺少主语，结合句意应用whatever引导。
故选C。
23．【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：你可以得到你想要的任何礼物，作为你在期末考试中出色表现的礼
物送给你和你的朋友。A.whoever无论谁；B. whichever无论哪个；C. however无论怎样；D. whatever无论
什么。此处get后面是宾语从句，从句中want后面缺少宾语，指“想要的任何东西”用whatever；故选
D。
24．【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我想父亲想知道我迄今为止在做什么，因此我决定给他发一个简讯。A.
which哪个；B. what什么，指代事物；C. why为什么；D. when何时。分析句子可知可知，设空处引导宾
语从句，从句缺少主语，且指物，意为“什么”，应用连接代词what，故选B项。
25．【答案】C
【解析】考查连接词。句意：像世界杯这样的赛事的美妙之处在于，它完全不可预测。此处为表语从句，
从句中不缺少成分，故应用that引导。故选C。
26．【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我的祖母让我相信，我可以完成任何我专心去做的事情。A. whenever无论
何时；B. whatever 无论什么，任何；C. wherever无论何地；D. whichever无论哪一个。分析句子可知，
此处是宾语从句连接词，从句缺少宾语，应用连接代词，再结合句意，此处用“任何”符合语境，故选B
项。
27．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。——山坡上的这个村庄依然原始而又自然。——这就解释了为什么人们都想去
这么远的地方探索了。动词explains后接宾语从句，结合句意可知，这里用why引导，在从句中作原因状
语。故选D。
28．【答案】B
【解析】考察名词性从句，句意：社交媒体营造了一种美好的假象，那就是每个人的生活看上去都很完美，
但事实上事情很少是表面上所看到的那样。分析句子可知，空格前things are seldom (to be) 缺少表语，表
语从句they seem (to be) 缺少表语，故用what，引导表语从句做主语，宾语或表语，故选B。
29．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：——你能告诉我们抗击新冠病毒的前景吗？——我们确定能赢得这场战争，但它是否很快就会结束，我现在还不确定。根据句意，说话人不确定新冠疫情是否很快就会结
束，故此处应选“是否”，故排除B、D两项；引导宾语从句，强调宾语部分时，也可把从句放在句首，
此时只用whether不用if。故选A。
30．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：他把房子卖了，价钱是买价的两倍，所以他在这笔交易中赚了很多钱。
从句动词pay后缺少宾语，且指物，所以用连接词what引导。故选B。
【2022】
（2022年浙江1月）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she
could do so remotely.
答案：if/whether
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask
后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
【2021】
（2021年北京卷）The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived．
答案：where
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据
句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。
【2020】
1.（2020年浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted or gathered
from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
答案：what
解析：考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更
多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。
根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
2.（2020年北京卷）Oliver says if you're lucky enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask
them __________you can join in when it's possible.
答案：if/whether
解析：考查连词。句意：问他们你是否有可能加入他们。____ you can join in when it's possible.是宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺“是否”的意思，故填if/whether。
3. （2020·江苏卷）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
A. whether B. why C. when D. where
【答案】A
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。A. whether是否；B.
why为什么；C. when什么时候；D. where在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知，此处指”我们能
否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。
4.（2020·天津卷7月·单项选择）15. The student completed this experiment to make come true ______ Professor
Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。
_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表
示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。
5. （2020·天津卷3月·单项选择）12. My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish ____________
I put my mind to.
A. whenever B. whatever C. wherever D. whichever
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我的祖母让我相信，我可以完成任何我专心去做的事情。A. whenever无论
何时；B. whatever 无论什么，任何；C. wherever无论何地；D. whichever无论哪一个。分析句子可知，
此处是宾语从句连接词，从句缺少宾语，应用连接代词，再结合句意，此处用“任何”符合语境，故选B
项。
【2019-2017】
1.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
2.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into
the human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
3.(2018·北京T15 ) This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
4. (2018﹒天津﹒T9) The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever5. (2018﹒北京﹒T11) Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
6. (2017﹒北京﹒T23) Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
7. (2017﹒北京﹒T26)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.
A. why B. where C. how D. when
8. (2017﹒江苏﹒T26)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it
used to charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
9. (2017﹒天津﹒T4)She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
1. 【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所
大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
2.【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成
分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
3. 【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。“_________
my father has taught me”是表语从句，该空在从句中做teach的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理”，故该从
句应用what引导。D选项正确。引导名词性从句时，how表方式，意为“如何”；which意为“哪一个”，
that在只起引导从句的作用，不做成分。
4.【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，
宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。
5.【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时
间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们
所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
6.【答案】B【解析】考查主语从句。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。_____ makes
the most beautiful kite是主语从句，根据意思可知答案。
7. 【答案】B
【解析】考查连词。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据句意可知
选B。
8.【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。分析句子可知介词 of后跟由what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作charge的
宾语，故选C项。句意：我们之所以选择这家酒店，是因为这里的价格低至 20美元一晚，是过去收费的
一半。
9.【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。A. 什么时候；B. 在
哪里；C. 是否；D. 什么。根据句意，故选C。
