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专题 05 名词性从句
备考 2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--讲练
目录
一 命题解读
二 解题关键
三 备考热点
四 四大从句
五 连接词用法
六 名词性从句重点、易错点
七 真题练一练【命题解读】
名词性从句在阅读理解和完形填空中对于的长难句理解有着至关重要的作用。语法填空和短文改错中也常会考
查其基本的用法。对长难句不能理清逻辑关系，容易造成此类试题的失分，应高度重视。
【解题关键】
1.连接词的选择与判断，其中what与that, if与whether是重点；
2.主从句的时态呼应。
【备考热点】
1. 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
2. 连接词用法细分
3. 名词性从句的重点易错点
【2022 高考视角】
1. (2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her
to speak ___42___ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
2.（2022年全国甲卷短文改错）The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it. One day,
he talked with me and hoped to mend our relations.
3. (2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) He saved my son‘s’ life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___
to thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
4. (2022年北京卷语法填空) It’s easy to explain how we determine ____34____ smells are dangerous or not: we
learn.
【答案】1.whether或if 2.what→how 3.how 4.whether考点一 名词性从句的不同类型
名词性从句是具有名词功能的分句,包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1．主语从句
位置：谓语动词之前
①That you are coming to Shanghai is the best news I have heard this long time.
这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来上海。
典例剖析
【2021全国新高考I卷， 语法填空，56】 ______ is so breathtaking about the experience is theout-of-this-world scenes.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：关于这次经历，令人十分惊叹的地方在于那非凡的景色。分析句子结构
可知，设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的地方”，应用what引导该从句。故填what。
②What matters most in learning English is enough practice.
学习英语最重要的是足够的训练。
③When they will come hasn't been made public.
他们来的时间没有公布。
④It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
显而易见，学生应该为他们的未来做好充分准备。
2．宾语从句
位置：及物动词之后或介词之后
①We must find out who did all this.
我们必须查明谁做了这个。
②Tom is a nice boy except that he is sometimes late for school.
汤姆除了有时候上学迟到外，是个很不错的男孩。
③I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.
我发现花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的。
④Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
3．表语从句
位置：系动词之后
①The reason is that he missed the early bus.
原因是他错过了早班车。
②That is where the problem lies.
那就是问题所在。
③As is known to us, China is no longer what she used to be.
众所周知，中国再也不是从前的样子了。
④One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like stores and
restaurants.
她偏爱城市生活的一个原因是她可以很方便地进入像商店和饭店这样的地方。
4．同位语从句
结构：,名词＋连接词＋从句主语＋从句谓语＋其他。
位置：常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, doubt等之后。
①They made an official request that the meeting be postphoned.
他们已经正式请求将会议推迟。②The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.
我们是否应该继续做实验的问题已经解决了。
③Where did you get the idea that I couldn't come.
你在哪儿听说我不能来？
[名师点睛] 同位语从句与定语从句的结构极其相似，但同位语从句是对前面的表示抽象概念的名词的内
容作进一步地解释说明，而定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限制。同位语从句常放在 feeling， news，
doubt， problem， promise， idea等名词后，而定语从句不受此限制。
对比：
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. (同位语从句；that从句是对news内
容的具体解释说明；that不作成分)
他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
The news (that) you told me yesterday was really thrilling.(定语从句；that从句对news进行修饰限定；that在
从句中作宾语，故可省略)
你昨天告诉我的消息真的令人激动。
限时练 单句填空
①__________________ (毫无疑问) our team has won the game.
②Can you tell me ____________ (我如何能) get to the airport?
③This is __________________ (我们的问题所在)．
④The news ________________________________ (我们队赢得冠军) encouraged us all greatly.
答案：①There is no doubt that ②how I can ③where our problems lie ④that our team had won the
championship
考点二 名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句的常见连接词有：that, whether, what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever,
whomever, when, where, why, how, how many, how much等，根据其在从句中的功能可分为三类：
1．从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选择以下连接词：what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever)。通常情
况下，which是在语境中有选择范围才会使用，否则，指事物时使用what(ever)。
①What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句，what在从句中作主语)
她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。
②I will give the book to whoever needs it.(宾语从句，whoever在从句中作主语)
我要把这本书给真正需要的人。
典例剖析(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to
speak ___42___ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
【答案】whether或if
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask
后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
2．从句中不缺少主语或宾语，而是缺少状语成分，此时则用 when, where, why, how, how many/much等
带有语义的连接词。
①Some students even have no idea why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.(同位语从句，缺
语义，连接词在从句中作原因状语)
一些学生甚至都不知道为什么学习，所以他们浪费很多时间玩儿。
②She always thinks of how she can work well. (宾语从句，缺语义，连接词在从句中作状语)
她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
3．从句中既不缺少成分，又语义完整，则用连接词that。
①He gave us a suggestion that we should practise speaking English in class. (同位语从句，不缺成分和语义)
他建议我们在课堂上练习说英语。
考点三 名词性从句的重点、易错点
【易错点】1. that与what的误用
(1)(×) That caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
(√) What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
[名师点睛] 主语从句缺少主语，语意为“什么”，故用what引导主语从句，并作从句的主语。句意：
什么原因导致了这次事故仍完全是一个谜。
(2)(×) Before the sales start, I make a list of that my kids will need for the coming season.
(√) Before the sales start, I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season.
【名师点睛】宾语从句中谓语need缺少宾语，且在句中意为“……的事物(东西)”，故用what引导宾语
从句，并在从句中作宾语。 造成以上错误主要是因为对that和what的语法功能区别不清。其区别如下：
【解题关键】that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性
从句时，在从句中要充当一定的句子成分。试比较：
It's a shame that he has made such a mistake.
很遗憾他犯了这样一个错误。
I will do what I can （此处省略do）to help him.
我将尽力帮他。
1．that不可省略的情况
(1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时，that不可省略。①That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.
他考试不及格，这使他父母很失望。
(2)that引导表语从句或同位语从句时，一般不可省略。
②The truth is that I didn't go there.
事实是我没有去那里。
③The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。
(3)当that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that通常不能省略。
④They share little in common except that they are from the same country.
除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。
(4)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的that不可省略。
⑤I believe (that) you've done your best and that things will get better.
我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况会好起来的。
(5)当it作形式宾语时，在that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。
⑥He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他不会屈服的，他已经表明了这一点。
(6)当that引导的宾语从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或与从句主语之间有插入语时，that通常不可省
略。
⑦He announced, believe it or not, that he would never forgive her.
信不信由你，他宣布他绝不会原谅她。
【易错点】2. that与whether的误用
典例剖析 改错
I’m glad to hear if you’re coming to Sichuan in August.
【答案】if改为that或去掉if
【解析】 hear 后为宾语从句，句意：我听说你要来，而非我听说你是否要来，故讲 if改为that或去掉
if。
whether与if的用法
a.表语从句和同位语从句常用whether引导，不用if；
b.当主语从句放于句首时，也常用whether引导，不用if；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面时用
whether或if引导均可，但是如果被后置的主语从句中含有表选择意义的or时，必须用whether；
c.与or not直接连用时，也必须用whether。
①Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.(主语从句放于句首)
是否要开会仍然是个问题。
→The problem is whether the meeting will be held.(表语从句)问题是是否将举行会议。
→I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.(同位语从句)
我不知道是否将举行会议。
②It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主语从句放于句末)
他是否要来这儿还令人怀疑。
whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用，但在有些情
况下，whether和if的用法有一定的区别。
a．在及物动词后
(×)I don't care whether he doesn't come.(whether从句中不能用否定式)
(√)I don't care whether he comes or not.
(√)I don't know whether to go there.(whether＋to do)
b．在介词后
在介词后常用whether，不用if。
It depends on whether you can do the work well.
那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。
【易错点】3. which与that, what的误用
典例剖析 改错
1. However, which matters most is that everyone must never ignore various traffic regulations.
【答案】which改为what
【解析】此处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，应用连接词what引导。故将which改为what。
2. The example I frequently share with teens is the question of which one will do if he is pushed into a
deep lake.
【答案】which改为what
【解析】在名词性从句中which和what都为连接词，但which表示“哪一个”，而what表示“......的事物”。
故将which改为what。
【易错点】4. 宾语从句中时态的误用
(1)主句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。
①He says that he studies at school from Monday to Friday.
他说他从周一至周五都在学校学习。
②I know that she didn't tell you that she would go to America next month.
我知道她没有告诉你她下个月要去美国。
(2)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词通常用相应的过去时。
④The boy said that they would go to Shanghai.
那个男孩说他们要去上海。⑤My mother asked me if I was reading the book Gone with the Wind when he came in.
妈妈问我她进来时我是否在读《乱世佳人》这本书。
(3)如果从句表示客观事实或真理，不管主句的谓语动词是何种时态，从句都要用一般现在时。
⑥As a child, I was told that the moon has no light of its own.
孩提时，人们告诉我月亮自身不会发光。
3．表示“要求，建议，命令；坚持”的词后跟名词性从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋do”，其中
should可以省略
①The boss ordered that the task (should) be completed by noon.(宾语从句)
老板命令(我们)在中午之前完成任务。
②The doctor's advice is that I (should) rest more and drink more.(表语从句)
医生建议我多休息、多喝水。
③It was proposed that this matter (should) be discussed at the next meeting.(主语从句)
有人提议这事在下次会议上讨论。
④The boss refused the demand that she (should) do the work alone.(同位语从句)
老板拒绝了她单独做那项工作的请求。
【易错点】5. wh-ever和no matter wh-的的误用
whever既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter wh只能引导让步状语从句。
①I will give this dictionary to whoever wins the first prize in the English contest.(宾语从句)
我将把这本字典赠给在英语竞赛中获得一等奖的人。
②Whoever/No matter who wins the first prize in the English contest, I will give this dictionary to him.(状语从
句)
不管谁在英语竞赛中获得一等奖，我都会把这本字典赠给他。
限时练 单句语法填空
①The ant stopped to see ________ had bit him, and the dove immediately flew away.
②—Henry, can you go to the concert tonight?
—I'm afraid I can't. I will give the ticket to ________ wants to enjoy it.
③Since I was a child, I have wanted to be an author. That is ________ I have studied OnlineJournalism with focus
on OnlinePublic Relations in the last three years.
④Passion is passion and it doesn't matter ________ it's directed. Exactly, it can be coins or sports or politics.
⑤________ golf was first played in Scotland in the 15th century is generally agreed.
⑥After investigation, the police found out one clue ________ voices were heard calling for help from some very
distant place that day.
⑦What the doctors really doubt is ________ my mother will recover from the serious illness soon.
答案：①what ②whoever ③why/for which ④where
⑤That ⑥that ⑦whether真题实战
I.单句填空
1. (2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The
Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The
rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.
2. （2020年江苏卷）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
A. whether B. why C. when D. where
3. （2020年天津卷）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph
had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
4. （2020年浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or
gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
5.（2019年江苏卷）Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the
human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
6.（2019年新课标I卷）While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way
across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
7.（2019年北京卷）What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
8.【2018年北京】Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
9. （2018年北京）This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the
best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
10.（2018年天津）The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
11.(2018年江苏) By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
12.(2017年北京) Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever13.(2017年北京）Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.
A. why B. where C. how D. when
14.（2017年江苏） We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it
used to charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
15.（2017年天津）She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
16.（安徽皖优联盟 2022-2023 高三上学期联考）____64___ really sets Hua apart from any average
college student is her amazing learning ability.
17.（北京师范大学附属实验中学2022-2023高三上学期考试）The city's weather bureau advised residents to
stay indoors as much as possible, while experts are working to find out ____13____ the sandstorm came into being.
18.(2022届北京中国人民大学附属中学高三三模) It doesn’t matter how skilled a designer is if they cannot
build____12____they design. It is the common laborer and skilled tradesman that does that, and when it needs repair or
rebuilding, it is the skilled tradesman that does that. Sure, today’s EV vehicles are great____13____the designer can’t
assemble them or fix them.
19.(湖南省株洲市第四中学2022-2023学年上学期阶段性测试) Just remember that it is completely normal to
struggle ____42____ the stress that parent-child tensions create, and ____43____ you and your parents can work
together to improve your relationship.
20.（2022年河南新乡模拟语法填空）Her 1957 flight paved the way for space explanation when scientists
wondered____33____it was lethal (致命的) for living things.
【答案】1.What 2.A 3.B 4.what 5.B 6.that 7.where 8.C 9.D 10.C 11.D 12.B
13.B 14.C 15.C 16.what 17.how/why 18.what 19.why 20.whether
II. 语篇填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (山西省晋城市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第五次调研考试)
Gu Ailing, ____41____ is born to an American father and a Chinese mother , decided to compete for China inthe 2022 Winter Olympics in June,2019.
Since then, the magical girl ____42____(attract) many people’s attention and has been expected to be the next
super sports star in China.
With the Winter Olympics ____43____ (go) on, it turns out that Gu Ailing did live up to the expectations and
achieved good grades with two golds and one silver. At the same time, her ____44____ (academy) excellence is also
known to the public.
People say that Gu Ailing is ____45____ genius, but Gu says that talent accounted for “only one percent”of her
wins, adding that her hard work is ____46____ really counts. While going to school in San Francisco, Gu could only
practice on weekdays. She spent eight hours going to the ski hill and back, doing her homework on the way and making
full use of her time ____47____ (practice) skiing.
When it comes to the reason ____48____ ski-loving, Gu says that skiing gives her freedom and ____49____
(creative), especially when she ____50____ (perfect) controls her body and does tricks that others can’t do. Through
telling her own stories, Gu hopes to encourage more Chinese girls to try skiing and other extreme sports.
【答案】
41．who 42．has attracted 43．going 44．academic 45．a 46．what 47．to practice 48．for 49．
creativity 50．Perfectly
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2022年的冬奥会的中国运动员——谷爱凌。
42．考查定语从句。句意：谷爱凌的父亲是美国人，母亲是中国人。2019年6月，她决定代表中国参加2022
年冬奥会。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句，先行词为Gu Ailing，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代
词who引导。故填who。
43．考查动词时态。句意：从那时起，这个神奇的女孩吸引了很多人的注意，并被期待成为中国下一个超级体
育明星。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语since then，可知句子的时态为现在完成时，主语为the magical
girl，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has attracted。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着冬奥会的进行，谷爱凌果然不负众望，取得了不错的成绩，获得了两金一
银。分析句子的结构可知，“with+宾语+宾补”为固定结构，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语the
Winter Olympics和go on之间为主动关系，应用现在分词的形式。故填going。
45．考查形容词。句意：与此同时，她的学术成就也为公众所知。设空处后为名词，设空处应为形容词修饰名
词。故填academic。
46．考查冠词。句意：人们说谷爱凌是天才，但谷爱凌说，才华只占她成功的 1%，她的努力才是最重要的。
设空处后为名词单数，表示泛指，且genius发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。47．People say that Gu Ailing is ____45____ genius, but Gu says that talent accounted for “only one percent”of her
wins, adding that her hard work is ____46____ really counts. 考查连接词。句意见上题解析。设空处引导表语从句
且在句中作指物的主语，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意：她花了8个小时往返滑雪山，在路上做作业，并充分利用她的时间练习滑雪。设
空处在句中作非谓语，固定短语 use sth to do sth运用某物做某事，故设空处应用动词不定式的形式。故填 to
practice。
49．考查介词。句意：谈到热爱滑雪的原因时，谷爱凌说滑雪给了她自由和创造力。固定短语 the reason
for…，…的原因。故填for。
50．考查名词。句意见上题解析。设空处和and前的名词freedom并列，应用名词的形式。故填creativity。
51．考查副词。句意：特别是当她能完美地控制自己的身体，并做出别人做不到的动作时。设空处应为副词的
形式，修饰空后的动词control。故填perfectly。
2. (四川省成都石室中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月考)
I don’t often lose things and I’m especially careful with money, so I was quite surprised when I reached
____61____ my wallet and it wasn’t there. At first, I thought it was possible that I might have left it at home. Then I
remembered ____62____ (take) it out to pay for the taxi. I knew I had it with me just before I walked into the
restaurant. I wondered if it was possible that it might have slipped out of my pocket while I was eating dinner. Thinking
about that possibility, I turned and walked back to the table ____63____ I had been sitting.
____64____ (fortune), there were several other people sitting at the table at the time. I couldn’t help but
____65____ (call) a waiter for help. I explained to him that my wallet ____66____ (fall) out of my pocket while I was
sitting at the table a few minutes ____67____ (early). I had the waiter go over to the table to see if my wallet was on the
floor. While the waiter was looking for it, the manager came up to me and asked me if anything was wrong. I told him
what had happened. After hearing my ____68____ (explain), he insisted that I ____69____ (report) it to the police. I
told him that I didn’t want to get the police included in it. Besides, I was in a hurry because I had ____70____
appointment with my doctor in just a few minutes. I explained to him that my biggest worry at the moment was how I
was going to pay the check. He told me not to worry about that. He had me write down my name and address. And he
said he would send me the bill.
【答案】
61．for 62．taking##having taken 63．where 64．Unfortunately 65．call 66．fell##had fallen 67．
earlier 68．explanation 69．should report/report 70．An
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己丢失钱包的经历。【详解】1. 考查介词。句意：我不经常丢东西，而且我对钱特别小心，所以当我伸手去拿钱包的时候，我很
惊讶钱包不在那里。短语：reach for... 表示“伸手去摸……”之意，此处指我伸手去拿钱包，故填for。
3. 考查非谓语。句意：这时我想起来把它拿出去付出租车费。remember doing/having done sth. 表示“记起曾
经做过某事（这件事已经做了）”，所以此处用taking/having taken ，故填taking/having taken 。
4. 考查定语从句。句意：考虑到这种可能性，我转身走回我刚才坐的那张桌子。分析可知，空后的内容在句
中为定语从句，先行词为 table，空处指代先行词，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where，故填
where。
5. 考查副词。句意：不幸的是，当时还有几个人坐在桌旁。空处在句中为状语，所以用副词；根据句
中“there were several other people sitting at the table at the time”，可知，此处意味着发生了不好的事情，副词
unfortunately位于句首，意为“非常不幸地”，故填Unfortunately。
6. 考查固定结构。句意：我只能叫了服务员来帮忙。固定结构： can’t help but do... 意为“不得不做……”。
所以空处用动词原形call，故填call。
7. 考查时态。句意：我向他解释说，几分钟前我坐在桌边时，钱包从口袋里掉了出来。陈述过去的事实，应
用一般过去时；或者看一看作描述过去之前发生的事，用过去完成时。故填fell/had fallen。
7. 考查比较级。句意同上。结合句意，此处指在作者解释原因的几分钟之前， a few minutes earlier 表
示“（在当时的）几分钟前”。故填earlier。
8. 考查名词。句意：我告诉他发生了什么事。听了我的解释后，他坚持要我报警。由空格前的 my可知，此处
用explain的名词形式。故填explanation。
9. 考查虚拟语气。句意同上。 insist表“建议”时其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用should do，
should可以省略。故填(should) report。
10. 考查冠词。句意：另外，我很着急，因为几分钟后我就要去看医生了。短语：have/make an appointment
with sb. “与某人有约”，appointment的发音是元音音素开头，故填an。
