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专题 01 谓语动词的时态
备考 2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--讲练
目录
一 .......... 命题解读 、重点难点、解题要领、时态标志词
二 .......... 谓语动词一般体
三 .......... 谓语动词进行体
四 .......... 谓语动词完成体
五 .......... 真题练一练【命题解读】
在高考中，动词的考查都是高考的必考点和重难点。高考以对时态的考查为主，以对语态的考查为辅。对
于时态的考查主要集中在一般现在时、一般过去时、和现在完成时等时态。此外，在考查时态的同时还会考查
主谓一致的问题。短文改错多以时态和语态以及主谓一致联合考查形式命题。
【重点难点】
1.在解答有关动词类的试题时，必须要分清楚是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必
须要有谓语。对于语法填空来说，如果句子中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽已经有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之
是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；对于短文改错来说，则主要是时态、语态的错用或主谓不一致。
2.对一般现在时、一般过去式、现在完成时等常考时态的考查。
3.时态与语态以及动词规则和不规则变化形式。
【解题要领】
1. 时态定义
2. 标志性状语
3. 主从句时态的呼应
4. 固定句式结构
5. 语境暗示
【动词的分类】【时态标志词】
时态 标志性时间状语
ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/year/night/month..., in 1989,
一般过去时 just now, at the age of five, one day ago, long ago, once upon a time, then(那
时), on that day, the other day(几天以前)
现在进行时 now, these days, at this moment/time
过去进行时 at this time yesterday, at that time或“when+一般过去时从句”, at 1:00 last night
recently, recent years, these days/years, lately, since, for+时段(但还在延续), in the
past few years, ever since, in the last/past five months, up to now, since then, so
现在完成时
far, ever, never, yet, lately, once, twice, three/four times..., already, before,
just
过去完成时 before, by the end of last year/term/month
tomorrow, next day/week/month/year..., soon, in a few minutes, by..., the day after
一般将来时
tomorrow, in the future过去将来时 the next day/morning/year..., the following month/week...
考点一 动词时态的一般体
所谓一般体，表示既不“进行”，又没“完成”。一般体中的一般现在时、一般过去时分别表示现在、过
去的经常性、习惯性动作或状态；一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常发生
的动作或存在的状态；
一、一般现在时
1．一般现在时的构成
(1)一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语为第三人称单数，则一般在动词原形后加s或es，其变化
规则如下表所示：
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加s want→wants, rise→rises
wash→washes,
以s, sh, ch, x，o, z结尾的动词 加es discuss→discusses
teach→teaches
carry→carries
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i加es
study→studies, fly→flies
(2)be的变化：am, is, are。
(3)have的变化：has (第三人称单数)。
2．一般现在时的用法
(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。
①Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。
(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与
表频率的时间状语连用。
②These oranges taste good. 这些桔子味道很好。
(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时，如 see, hear, smell, taste, feel,
notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。
③All the students here belong to No. 1 Middle School. 这里所有的学生都是第一中学的。
典例剖析
1.（2022年浙江卷1月）But Cobb and others ________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences toprovide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the
climate change crisis.
【答案】 are
【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。句意：但科布和其他人现在对推动会议提供更多远程参与的机会、改变他们
的个人行为、为应对气候变化危机尽自己的一份力量的想法提出了质疑。根据时间状语now可知，句子使用
现在进行时，主语Cobb and others为复数，be动词应用are，与空后的questioning构成现在进行时故填are.
2. (2022年全国高考新高考 I卷语法填空) After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next
year. The GPNP ___ 6 0___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整
性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind
precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
60.【答案】is designed
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语 The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述
客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。本句句意：
GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，维护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下
宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。故填is designed。
(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
④I'll write to her when I have time. 我有时间的时候会给她写信。
(5)少数用于表示起止或转移等的动词，如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return, start, begin, open, close, end, stop
等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当 be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定
会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。
⑤The shop closes at 11：00 pm every day. 这个商店每天晚上11点关门。
典例剖析
3.（2021年北京高考）As it ________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.
（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】connects
【详解】考查时态及主谓一致。句意：当大脑把事物联系起来时，它就会把它们变成一个故事，然后你就会做
梦。根据语境和主句中的turns判断从句也用一般现在时态，从句主语是it（指代your brain），单数，故谓语
也用单数。故填connects。
二、一般过去时
1．一般过去时的构成
(1)一般过去时用动词的过去式构成，其规则动词变化方法如下表所示：情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加ed pack→packed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i加ed carry→carried
plan→planned
以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的 occur-occurred; refer-
双写辅音字母加ed
重读闭音节动词 referred; prefer-preferred;
infer-inferred
like→liked
以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加d
provide→provided
(2) was用于第一、三人称单数，were用于其他人称。
[注意] 以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加ed。如play→played; enjoy-enjoyed。
2．一般过去时的用法
(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语
境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯。
①When he was young, he took cold baths regularly. 他年轻的时候经常洗冷水澡。
(2) 如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但主句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。
典例剖析
1. （2022 年浙江卷 6 月）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ____43____
(notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
【答案】noticed
【解析】考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。
根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。
2. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __ 5 8___
(be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one
authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
58.【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在 that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为 a significant
number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句讲的是过去未受保护，所以要用
一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。本句句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量
以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。
故填were。3.（2021全国甲卷 语法填空）We ________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. （所给词的
适当形式填空）
【答案】hired
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租借点租来了自行车。分析句子可知，该句没有明确时间状语，推断
动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时。故填hired。
(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，常用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as,
immediately, the moment, the minute等。
③The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
她一进来，就告诉我发生了什么事。
典例剖析
4.(2019年高考全国卷II )Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ______(declare) she had
no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词时态。根据后文had 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared.
三、一般将来时
1．一般将来时的构成
(1) will/shall＋动词原形
(2) is/am/are going to＋动词原形
(3) is/am/are about to＋动词原形
(4) is/am/are to＋动词原形
(5) is/am/are due to＋动词原形
2．一般将来时的用法
(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall＋动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next
week等。
(3) 表示趋向行为的动词，即表示动作转换的终止性动词，如 come, go, start, begin, leave等词，常用进行时的
形式表示将来时；事物名词meeting, concert, train等作主语时，要用一般现在时表示将来。
The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们周日走。
(3)一般将来时的其他表达方式be going to do, be to do, be about to do的用法及区别：
a．be going to do在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能发生某事，也可用来表示自
然现象。The shop is going to open on October 1st. 商店将在十月一日开门(营业)。
b．be to do表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3：00 o'clock this afternoon. 今天下午3点开会。
c．be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
⑥Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收就要开始了。
[注意] be going to do表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种
准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。be going to do表将来，不能用在含有条件
状语从句的主句中；而will do则能，表意愿。
If it is fine， we'll go fishing.[√]
If it is fine， we are going to go fishing.[×]
如果天气好，我们去钓鱼。
四、过去将来时
1．过去将来时的构成
(1)should/would＋动词原形
(2)was/were going to＋动词原形
(3)was/were about to＋动词原形
(4)was/were to＋动词原形
2．过去将来时的用法
(1)从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情。
He said he would be here at eight o'clock.
他说他将在8点到这里。
(2)过去本打算做而未做的事情。
过去进行时表过去将来
was/were＋现在分词
We were to tell you, but you were not in.
我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。
[注意] (1)过去将来时常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。
(2)某些表示起止或转移的动词，常用过去进行时表示过去将来时。
He told me he was leaving in an hour.
他告诉我他计划一个小时后离开。
考点二 动词时态的进行体
1．进行体的构成(1)考纲对进行体所要求掌握的时态包括：现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时。它们的形式分别为：
现在进行时 am/is/are＋现在分词
过去进行时 was/were＋现在分词
将来进行时 will/shall＋be＋现在分词
(2)现在分词的构成形式：
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加ing try→trying
regret→regretting
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节
双写辅音字母加ing ban→banning
动词
hate→hating
以不发音的e结尾的动词 去掉e，加ing
date→dating
2．进行体的用法
用法 例句
I didn't really work there; I was just helping
表示某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状 out until the new secretary arrived.
态，具有暂时性和未完成性的特点 我并不在那里上班，我只是去帮忙。新秘书
来了，我就离开了。(暂时性)
表示某阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情， We are making model planes these days.
常与 these/those days, this/that week 等时间 这些天我们在做飞机模型。(此时此刻不一定
状语连用 在做)
表示赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always,
He is always thinking of others first.
continually, constantly, forever, all the time
他总是先想到他人。
等连用
有些动词的进行体可以表示将来(见一般将来时的用法)
3．有些动词不用于进行体，常见的有感官类：look, smell, sound, taste, see, hear
情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore
心态类：wish, hope, want, need, believe, understand, remember, forget, agree, know
状态类：appear, lie (位于), remain, belong to, have
限时练 单句语法填空
①Sorry, you can't use my computer. I ________ (use) it now.
②I ________ (watch) TV when you rang me up.
③At this time tomorrow, I ________ (sit) at the table.
答案：①am using ②was watching ③will be sitting
典例剖析
It is almost five years since Jimmy taught high school students and he ______(serve) as an interpreter
in a foreign enterprise.
【答案】is serving
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从吉米教高中到现在已经快五年了，他现在正在一家外国企业担任
翻译。主语是he，谓语用单数，描述现在正在发生的动作用现在进行时，故填is serving.
考点三 动词时态的完成体
一、完成体的构成
考纲对完成体所要求掌握的时态包括：现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时。它们的形式分别为：
现在完成时：have/has＋过去分词
过去完成时：had＋过去分词
将来完成时：will have＋过去分词
二、完成体的用法
1．现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与 up to now, so far,
already, yet, recently, in the past few years, just等表示时间的词(短语)，或since引导的状语从句(从句中使用
一般过去时)，或for＋一段时间，或since＋时间点连用。
①His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.
他的第一本小说自从上个月出版以来就很受欢迎。
[注意] 非延续性动词leave， arrive， come， go， return， join， die， buy， borrow等的完成时，
在肯定句中不能与for引出的时间段，since＋时间点或how long等状语连用，要转化为相应的延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。但其否定式可与这类时间状语连用。试比较：
[误]I have bought the computer for a year.
[正]I have kept the computer for a year.
这台电脑我买了有一年了。
(2)表示过去发生或完成的某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，常与yet,
already, just, before, lately等时间状语连用。
②I have just turned off the light.
我刚刚把灯关了。
③I have already read the book.
我已读过这本书了。
(3)用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。(用来代替将来完成
时)
④—When shall we restart our business?
—Not until we have finished our plan.
——什么时候我们重新开始我们的事业？
——直到我们已完成我们的计划。
(4)用于现在完成时的固定句型：
a．在“It/This is/will be the first/second/third ... time＋that从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成
时。
⑤This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
这是我们第一次作为一家人在电影院看电影。
b．在“It/This is the best/worst/most＋adj.＋名词＋从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。
⑥It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。
2．过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成的动作，时间定位是“过去的过去”。句中一般有明确
的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)，如by, by the end of, by the time, until, when, before等引出的表示过去
的时间状语(从句)。但有时需要通过上下文来判断。
①By nine o'clock last night, we had finished most of the work.
到昨晚9点钟，我们已完成了大部分工作。
(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，或用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中，
这时从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作(过去时)之前。
②I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.
当公共汽车终于来的时候，我已在车站等了30分钟。(3)某些动词用于过去完成时，表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。这类动词主
要有：expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want等。
③I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.
我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。
(4)常用于过去完成时的固定句型：
a．在hardly/scarcely ... when ...，no sooner ... than ... 句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
意思为“一……就……”。
④Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
我一到家就开始下雨。
b．It was＋一段时间＋since从句。since从句用过去完成时。
⑤It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有三个月了。
c．It was the first/second/ ... time＋(that)从句。从句用过去完成时。
⑥It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
d．By the time ... (表示过去时间的句子)＋主句(过去完成时)。
⑦By the time he was ten, Tom had built a chemistry lab himself.
到十岁的时候，汤姆已经自己建了一个化学实验室。
3．将来完成时
将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的状态。经常与 before＋将来时间或
by＋将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。
On her next birthday，Ann will have been married for twenty years.
到下次生日时，安将已结婚20年了。
真题实战练一练
单句填空
1. （2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be) previously
unprotected.
2．（2022年新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP
________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural
ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural
assets (资产) for future generations”.3．（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao ________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents.
4．（2022年全国乙卷）...The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ________(address)the opening
ceremony.
5. (2022年浙江卷1月) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane
________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
6．（2022年浙江卷1月）But Cobb and others ________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to
provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________ (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing
with the climate change crisis.
7．（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics — many of
the climate scientists ________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
8.(2022年新高考II卷) Henry ________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging
from the balcony. He quickly ________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
9.(2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空) What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard
it ________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
10.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空) After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and
________ (sell) most of their furniture.
11.(2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空) It ________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now
been completely restored (修复).
12.(2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空) We ________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
13.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空) It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's
home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
14.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空) Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ________ (paint) white. "
15.(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空) It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared,
and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ________ (consider) healthy.
16.(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空) In cities, however, the gain ________ (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
单句改错
17．( 2021.6全国甲卷 ) One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble?
18．( 2021.6全国乙卷 )That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
19．( 2021.6全国乙卷 )I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.
20. (2021.3 天津卷 单选) We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing【答案】1. were 2.is designed 3.has walked 4.addressed 5.is viewed/has been viewed
6. are, changing 7. have promised 8. was fixing, threw 9.was 10.sold 11.was built
12.hired 13. has proved/has proven 14. was painted 15. is considered 16. was 17．are→is18．
hopes→hope 19．tidying→tidy 20.A
限时练一练
In order to find the missing child, villagers ________ (do) all they can over the past five hours.
2.Where had you been? We ________ (look) for you everywhere.
3.We ________ (work) on it for several hours but we have not yet reached any conclusions.
4.My friend, who ________ (teach) Chinese in this primary school all his life, is retiring next month.
5.I was tired. I ________ (work) since dawn.
6.The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ________ (see) them ever since.
7.I'm calling to apply for the position you _______ (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?
8.During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _______ (increase)
sharply.
9. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ______(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.
10.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal (mean) me no real
harm.
11.They ________ (live) in the same building, don't they?
12.I promise I ________ (support) you all the time.
13.The plane ________ (take) off at 8：00 am.
14. I hoped I ________ (find) a job soon.
15. —I'm sorry, but there is no smoking on this flight.
—Oh, I ________ (know) that. Sorry, I won't again.
答案：答案：1.have been doing 2.had been looking 3.have been working 4.has been teaching 5.had beenworking 6.has seen 7.advertised 8.has increased 9.recommended 10.meant 11.live 12.will
support 13.takes 14.would find 15.didn't know
