文档内容
考点 08 进行体 和完成进
行体
动词的时态已经成为语篇型填空和短文改错的必考点。高考对谓语动词的考查一时态
为住,语态为辅。对于时态的考查主要集中在一般现在时,一般过去时、现在完成时等
等常见时态。此外在考查物动词的同时还考查主谓一致问题。预计 2023年时态仍将是高
考的重点和难点所在。高考主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式考查,动词的时态在语法
填空和短文改错中既是必考点又是热点。高考在考查时态的同时,仍然以最基本的时态
(一般现在时,一般过去时、现在完成时)为主,但是也会兼顾其他语法内容的考查,
比如各种从句、强调句、倒装句等,其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。
1. 了解并能正确运用必考的10种时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将
来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去
完成时、现在完成进行时);
2. 熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等高考高频时态;
3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别,如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
考向一 现在进行时
一、 构成:am/is/are + 动词的-ing形式动词的-ing形式的构成形式
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ing trying; helping
以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音 双写辅音字母加-ing stopping; swimming
节
以不发音的e结尾的动词 去掉e,加-ing dancing; liking
二、现在进行时的用法:
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
Our friends are waiting for us outside now. 我们的朋友们在外面等我们。
What are you doing? 你在干什么?
He is playing basketball now. 他正在打篮球。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。
She is learning English at college. 她在大学学英语。
Lucy is studying law while her sister is doing physics. 露西学习法律,她姐姐学习物理。
(动作在说话时不一定正在进行)
3. 某些短暂性动词,如come, go, start, open, close, arrive, return, begin, leave等用于进行时,
表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 父亲这个星期六来看我。
He is leaving for Beijing next week. 下周他要去北京。
4. 某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化。
I’m forgetting English. 我的英语快忘记了。
She is losing her eyesight. 她的视力在慢慢地丧失。
5. 表示刚刚过去的动作:(动词为某些表示说话的词:tell,talk,say等)
Believe it or not, I am telling the truth. 不管你信不信,我说的都是实话。
I don’t know what you are talking about. 我不知道你们在说什么。
6. 表示某种感情色彩:与频度副词(always, continually, constantly, for ever)连用。
He is always complaining about the house. 他总是抱怨这间房子。
She is continually finding fault with me. 她总是对我吹毛求疵。
7. 表示婉转语气:(仅限hope, wonder等少数词。)
I am hoping you will give us some advice. 我希望你会给我们一些建议。
I am wondering if you can help us. 我想知道你能否帮我们。
三、 下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时:①表示心理状态、情感的动词:like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,
mind,wish,agree,mean,need等。
②表示存在状态的动词:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to等。
③表示行为结果的动词:allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete等。
④表示感官的动词:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。
四、 现在进行时和一般现在时的比较
①暂时性动作和经常性动作
The computer is working perfectly.
计算机运转得很好。(暂时)
The computer works perfectly.
计算机运转很好。(一直如此)
②持续性动作和短暂性动作
The bus is stopping.
车停了下来。(渐渐地)
The bus stops. 车停了。(迅速)
③暂时性动作和永久性动作
She is living in the country.
她现在住在农村。(暂时)
She lives in the country.
她住在农村。(永久)
④有感情色彩和没有感情色彩
He is doing well at school.
他在学校表现很好。(赞扬)
He does well at school.
他在学校表现很好。(一般事实)
【名师点睛】
常见考法:
1. 和被动语态放在一起考查;
2. 现在进行时表示一般将来;
3. 现在进行时表抱怨、批评、赞扬的用法。
误区提醒
1. 对用现在进行时表示一般将来的动词不熟悉;2. 与被动语态结合起来考查时容易出错;
3. 辨别不出是在表示抱怨、赞扬等,因此不敢用现在进行。
1.The father as well as his kids _______ (discuss)where to spend the weekend now.
【答案】is discussing
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:父亲现在在和他的孩子们讨论去哪里过周末。根据
时间状语now可知,此处表示的动作正在进行,所以时态要用现在进行时,as well as连接
的两个主语,要根据前面的名词来确定谓语的单复数,所以谓语动词要与The father一致。
故填is discussing。
2.Not only students but also the teacher ______(compete)in the sports event at the moment.
(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】is competing
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:不只是学生还有老师现在正在参加体育比赛。
根据句意,at the moment 意为“目前;现在”,谓语动词需要用现在进行时,结构为
be+动词现在分词。主语由not only…but also连接,谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”,因
“the teacher”为单数,故填is competing。
考向二 过去进行时
1. 概念:过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示过去某一阶段一直在
进行的动作。
2. 过去进行时的构成:助动词be的过去式形式(was, were)+ 现在分词
否定形式:was / were + not + doing
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首
3. 过去进行时的用法:
(1)表示过去某一时刻,或某一阶段正在进行的动作。通常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
I was having a bath when the phone rang. 我正在洗澡,突然电话铃响了。She was writing letters. I didn’t want to disturb her. 她在写信。我不想打扰她。
(2)表示过去习惯性、经常性动作。但是这种习惯性动作具有过去某一阶段的暂时性。
In those days, Tom used to get up at 9:00, but that week, he was getting up at 5:00 every day.
(3)过去进行时经常和always,constantly,forever,continually等频度副词连用,表示说
话人对某种行为的厌烦等不满情绪。
He was always playing tricks on me. 他老是捉弄我。
He was constantly changing his mind. 他老是改变主意。
She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。
(4)表示过去将来时间里按计划或安排即将发生的动作。即表示过去将来。
Four of them were coming for Sunday lunch. 他们有四个人将在星期天来吃午饭。
Her daughter was going to a summer camp the following day. 她的女儿将在第二天去参加
夏令营。
(5)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用过去进行时表示过去将来正在进行的动作。
He told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.
I will let you know when Mary is arriving.
(6)动词 hope, wonder 等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但
语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。
I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知道您能不能让我搭一下车。
I was thinking it might be a good idea to keep the window open. 我看还是把窗户开着的好。
注意:
一般过去时也有类似用法,区别在于:一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考
虑的,而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
(7)过去进行时用于虚拟语气,表示对现在或将来的主观臆想,与事实相反的情况。
She wishes that she were coming with us tomorrow. 她希望明天和我们一起来。(对将来
的虚拟)
I wish that they were not talking so loudly. 我希望他们不要说话那么大声。(对现在的
虚拟)
注意:
当一般过去时和过去进行时同时出现在句中,通常是表示短暂动作的动词用一般过去
时,而表示较长时间的动作用过去进行时。
4.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别①一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。
She wrote a letter to her friend last night.
她昨晚给朋友写了封信。(信写完了)
She was writing a letter to her friend last night.
她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。(信不一定写完)
②一般过去时表示只做一次动作,而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。
She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。
She was waving to me.她不断地朝我挥手。
The boy jumped up and down.这男孩跳了一下。
The boy was jumping up and down.这男孩不停地跳着。
1.He told us he _________ (watch) TV instead of doing his homework then. (所给词的适当形
式填空)
【答案】was watching
【解析】考查谓语。句意:他告诉我们他当时在看电视而不是在写作业。根据句子结构和
意思可知,这里考查过去进行时的谓语动词,有时间状语“then”表示强调这个动作当时正
在发生。主语是“he”,所以be动词用单数形式was。故填was watching。
2.When I came in, the students __________ (occupy) themselves doing their homework.
【答案】were occupying
【解析】考查固定句式。句意:我进来时,学生们正忙着做作业。固定句式sb. be doing
sth. when…“某人正在做某事突然……”,且根据上文When I came in可知主句应用过去进
行时,主语为students,故填were occupying。
3.Britain as well as many other industrial countries, ________(experience)major changes over
the last 100years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has experienced/has been experiencing
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:跟很多的工业化国家一样,在过去的一百年中,英国已经
经历了巨大的改变。根据时间状语over the last 100 years可知,该句为现在完成时
(have/has+过去分词)或现在完成进行时(have/has+been+现在分词),因主语Britain为
第三人称单数,主谓语法一致,故填has experienced/has been experiencing。为students,故填were occupying。
4.One Friday, we _________ (pack) to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries
for help. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were packing
【解析】考查时态。句意:一个周五,我们当时正在打包准备去过周末,突然我的女儿听
到有人喊救命。根据One Friday 和 从句中heard可知空格处是过去时态,根据句意可知是
当时正在进行的动作,要用过去进行时,was/were doing...when...是固定句型,意为“过去
正在做某事,这时突然......”,主语是复数,be动词用were。故填were packing。
考向三 将来进行时
1. 定义:将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
2. 基本结构:主语+will be/be going to be +doing
I will be sleeping at 12:00 p.m. 十二点的时候我将在睡觉。
I will be studying in university at the age of 20. 我20岁的时候我将会在大学里学习。
3. 用法:
(1)表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,一般带状语。
What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一的这个时候你会做什么?
When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report. 明天他来我家时,我将
在写报告。
(2)表示现在正在进行的动作,但这个动作会延续到将来。
I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon. 我想知道今天下午是否还会一直下雨。
I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning. 我想她会一直在做
这个实验直到第二天早上。
(3)表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。
Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay. 明天我将飞往孟买。
After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better. 吃完药后,你会感觉好很多。
(4)表示委婉的请求。
When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候能再见面?
(5)表示原因。Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning I’ll be having a meeting. 请明天下午
过来。明天早上我将有一个会议。
(6)表示结果。
Stop the child or he will be falling over. 快阻止那个孩子,要不然他会摔跤的。
(7)表示对将来的打算(区别于对将来的预测)
My duties will end in July, and I’ll be returning to Beijing. 七月我将结束工作,返回北京。
Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ___________ a class at that
time.
A. will teach B. would teach
C. has taught D. will be teaching
【答案】D
【解析】句意:简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议,因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据
句中的时间状语at that time指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon,表示在将来的某一时刻正在做
某事,要用将来完成时。故选D。
【名师点睛】本题考查时态。将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示
要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。分析此题需抓住时间状语以及 that time所代
指的时间,再联系所学将来进行时所应用的范围及句意可以选出正确的答案。
完成进行体
考向一 现在完成进行时
1. 现在完成进行时的定义现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持
续下去。
We have been waiting for him for two hours.
2. 现在完成进行时的结构
have/has been + doing
3. 现在完成进行时所用的时间状语
this month/week/year,these days,recently/lately,in the past few+时间段,since +时
间点,for+时间段。
They have been building the bridge for two months.
They have been planting trees this month. 这个月他们在植树。
4. 现在完成进行时的用法
(1)表示动作的延续
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中国有2,000年的造纸历
史。(动作还将继续下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。
(表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作)
We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了。(动作不再
继续下去)
★ 有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years. 他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years. 我在这里已经工作两年了。
★大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
I have been writing a book. 我一直在写一本书。(动作还将继续下去)
I have written a book. 我已经写了一本书。(动作已经完成)
They have been building a bridge. 他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge. 他们造了一座桥。
★表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了。
I have been knowing...(×)★ 这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:love爱,like喜欢,hate讨厌等。
常见考法:
1. 现在完成进行时的基本用法;
2. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别;
3. 现在完成进行时和其他时态的搭配。
误区提醒:
1. 现在完成进行时的构成记忆不清;
2. 不能准确区分现在完成进行和现在完成时的区别;
3. 时态搭配上出现错误。
【疑难辨析】
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的辨析:
(1)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,而现在完成时一般不表示重复性
Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他见面吗?
Have you met him recently?你最近见到过他吗?
(2)现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩,而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙
I have been waiting for you for two hours.我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满)
I have waited for you for two hours.我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)
(3)现在完成进行时强调动作,而现在完成时强调结果
Who has been eating the oranges?谁一直在吃这些桔子呀?(还剩余一些)
Who has eaten the oranges?谁把桔子吃光了?(强调吃得一个不剩)
1.I have to see the doctor because I _______ a lot lately.
A.coughs B.coughed C.had coughed D.have been coughing
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我得去看医生,因为我最近咳嗽得厉害。根据句意和时间
状语lately可知,此处应用现在完成进行时,表示过去某一时间开始的动作,一直持续到
现在,并有继续持续下去的趋势。故选D项。
2.Excuse me, Madam. Ellen, a journalist from the Daily Mail all day. Could you speak
to him now?A.was phoned B.has been phoned C.is phoning D.has been phoning
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意:对不起,Ellen夫人,《每日邮报》的记者打了一整天的
电话。你现在可以跟他讲话吗?根据句意可知,动词phone和主语a journalist from the Daily
Mail之间是主动关系,故排除A和B项,结合句意,根据时间状语all day,此处应用现在
完成进行时,表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去,
基本结构为“have / has been + 现在分词”。故选D项。
3.The researchers ______ till midnight every day since the outbreak of the disease to find an
effective cure.
A.work B.will work
C.are working D.have been working
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:自从疫情爆发以来,研究者每天都忙到深夜以找到有效的治
愈方法。时间状语since the outbreak of the disease提示用完成时态, till midnight表示动作的
持续性,故用现在完成进行时,故选D。
4.Britain as well as many other industrial countries, ________(experience)major changes over
the last 100years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has experienced/has been experiencing
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:跟很多的工业化国家一样,在过去的一百年中,英国已经
经历了巨大的改变。根据时间状语over the last 100 years可知,该句为现在完成时
(have/has+过去分词)或现在完成进行时(have/has+been+现在分词),因主语Britain为
第三人称单数,主谓语法一致,故填has experienced/has been experiencing。
【名师点睛】英语中的时态主要由动词的形式决定,因此在学习英语时态时,要注意分析
动词形式及具体语境,想象在那个特定的时间动作所发生的背景,这个动作是经常性动作
一般性动作、进行性动作、完成性动作还是将要发生的动作。现在完成进行时表示从过去
到现在一直进行可能还要继续进行的动作。
考向二 过去完成进行时1. 构成:过去完成进行时是由"had been +现在分词"构成。
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考试之前一直
患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?
2. 用法:
(1)表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到这一过去时间。和过
去完成时一样,过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。过去完成进行时也是一个相
对的时态, 上下文中须有明示或暗示的作为参照的过去的时间。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这东西我找了好多天才找着。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他们只等了几
分钟车就来了。
(2)表示反复的动作。
He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
(3)过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。
The doctor asked what he had been eating. 医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我问他们那些天待在哪儿。
(4)过去完成进行时之后也可接具有"突然"之意的when从句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟他就进来
了。
She’d only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister
interrupted her. 她温习功课才一会儿,她妹妹就打断她了。
1. He ____________ research in the US for many years, but when he came back, he
became a businessman.
A.had been doing B.has been doing
C.did D.has done
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成进行时。句意:他在美国作了许多年的研究,但是回来之后,他却成了一位商人。根据时间状语从句"when he came back"可知,"作研究"是过去的过
去一直在进行的动作,要用过去完成进行时。故选A。
2. The crazy fans ____________ patiently in the rain for almost three hours, and they
would wait until the famous star arrived.
A. were waiting B. have waited
C. had been waiting D. would wait
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。因为would wait是过去将来时,可见此事发生在过去,再结合
for two hours可知,wait这个动作是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻,并
且还在等,一直要等到那位影星到来,所以用过去完成进行时:had been doing,因此选C
项。
考向二 将来完成进行时
1.将来完成进行时的用法
将来完成进行时表示某一动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间(即说话者人提
及的时间),是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。如:
By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years.
到下星期此刻,我已经为该公司干了24年了。
If we don’t hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.
咱们若不快一点儿,等我们到了那儿,店门就会关了。
2.将来完成进行时的构成
将来完成进行时由“will / shall have been+现在分词”构成。
By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years. 到今年年底他当演员就满30
年了。
I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.
到今年年底,我在这个工厂工作就有20年了。
3.将来完成进行时连用的时间状语与将来完成进行时连用最多的时间状语时是“by+将来时间”,见上面的例子。当然
除“by+将来时间”外,连用其他的时间状语也是可能的。如:
He will have been working all day. 他整天将都在工作。
She will have been having treatment all her life. 她将终生受到治疗。
I’ll have been teaching for thirty years this winter. 到今年冬天我就已任教三十年了。
4.将来完成进行时的情态意义
“will / shall have been+现在分词”结构除表示将来完成进行时外,有时其中
的 will 也可能是情态动词,具有情态意义,比较表示推测或猜想等。如:
They will have been having a holiday yesterday. 他们昨天大概是在度假。
You’ll have been wondering all this time how my invention works.
我想你这些时候一直想知道我的发明怎样会行得通的。
5.将来完成进行时用于状语从句的变体
正如我们通常要在条件状语从句和时时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时以
及用现在完成时代替将来完成时等一样,如果因语义的需要,我们需要在条件状语从句和
时时间状语从句中使用将来完成进行时,那么我们通常要用现在完成进行时代替将来完成
进行时。如:
I’ll have finished in the bathroom in a few minutes. 我一会儿就用完浴室了。
As soon as I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一完事儿,就给你打电话。
1.(2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T4)The popularity of plastic, which
___4___ (begin) rising in the 1950s, is growing out of control—18.2 trillion pounds
of plastic has been produced. And there is no sign of slowing down.
【答案】began
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:从20世纪50年代开始,塑料越来越受欢迎,
但现在已经超出了控制——人们生产了18.2万亿磅塑料。根据后文“in the
1950s”可知应用一般过去时。故填began。
2.(2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T9)So focused ___9___ (be) the society on
making people’s life more convenient in the short term, but in the long run, those
everyday conveniences are at the expense of our health.【答案】is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:所以社会关注的是使人们的生活更方便
在短期内,但从长远来看,这些日常便利是以我们的健康为代价的。根据后文
“those everyday conveniences are at the expense of our health”可知应用一般现在
时,此处为部分倒装,主语为the society,谓语动词用单数。故填is。
3.(2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T5)My friend Tony, who___5___ (study)
acupuncture at a college near London at the time, suggested that I visit an
acupuncturist.
【答案】was studying
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我的朋友托尼当时正在伦敦附近的一所大学学
习针灸,他建议我去看一名针灸师。根据at the time可知,此处应用过去进行
时。故填was studying。
4.(2021·成都三诊·短文改错)He got tricked! He had no more money. Rather than
continue my search for someone who would buy my ticket, I decide to give it to him
for free.
【答案】decide→decided
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:我决定把票免费送给他,而不是继续寻找愿
意买我票的人。此处描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故将decide改为
decided。
5.(2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T2)In reality, however,60% of clothing
nowadays _____2_____(abandon)within a year of purchase,…
【答案】is abandoned
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:事实上,如今60%的衣物在购买
一年之后就被遗弃了,产生了大量的垃圾,对此全球的垃圾填满厂都在努力处
理。分析句子可知,本句缺少谓语,abandon与主语clothing为动宾关系,故用
被动语态,clothing为不可数名词,陈述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时的单数,
故用is abandoned。
6.(2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T8)But I've come to think that whether you
buy something new or used ____8____ (matter) less if you commit to keeping
clothes in use for decades.【答案】matters/will matter
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我意识到,如果你尽可能发挥物品的价值,那
么是否买新的还是二手的都没那么重要。分析句子可知, “whether you buy
something new or used ”为主语,本句缺少谓语,与主语为主谓关系,故用主动
语态,客观陈述自己的观点,用一般现在时,主语为句子,谓语动词用单数,
故可用matters ;由于后面条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来,主句需用一般
将来时,故也可用will matter。
7.(2021·天津十二区县联考2·单项填空·T11)
Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight CZ3694 ________off at 17:15.
A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has
taken
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:看看时间表。快点!CZ3694航班17:15起飞。
一般现在时表示飞机起飞的时间表。故选A。
8.(2021·天津十二区县联考2·单项填空·T5)As is reported, the number of
smokers ________ dropped by 17 percent in just one year thanks to the push of health
knowledge.
A. is B. has C. have D. are
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意:据报道,由于健康知识的普及,吸
烟者的数量在短短一年里就下降了17%。the number of后接名词复数,作主语
时,谓语动词用单数,故排除C和D项;谓语动词drop“下降”,和主语the
number of smokers之间为主动关系,故排除A,根据句意及时间状语in just one
year可知,此处用现在完成时。故选B项。
9.(2021·天津市5月压轴模拟·单项填空·T7)Mr. Smith________ these days. I
think he should take a holiday before he burns out.
A.has been overworking B.overworked
C.has overworked D.was overworking
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:史密斯先生这些天一直在加班,我想他应该在精疲力尽之前去度个假。根据本句中时间状语these days和后文 before he burns
out,可知,史密斯先生的忙碌的动作是从过去开始,延续到现在,还要继续持
续,所以时态用现在完成进行时。选项A符合题意,故选A。
10.(2021·宝坻区三模·单项填空·T9)
—Take a break, Amy. You ______ on the piano all morning.
—All right. But the competition is coming soon. I have to work harder.
A. are practising B. will be practising C. have been practising D.
practice
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:---艾米,休息一会吧。你都练钢琴一上午
了。---好吧。但比赛很快就到了。我还得在努力一下。分析句意,艾米丽已经
弹了一上午钢琴而且还将继续弹。所以此处应用现在完成进行时表示从动作从
过去持续到现在且还将持续下去的动作。故选C项。
11.(2021·宝坻区三模·单项填空·T13)
– You’re left the light on.
-- Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.
A I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m
going
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态,句意:--你灯还开着。--哦,是的,我去把它关了。这
里用will do表示一种临时决定。选A。
12.(2021·和平区三模·单项填空·T2)I wonder why you failed so many of the
questions. Only the first question was difficult, but the rest, I thought, ______ very
easy.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:我想知道你为什么答错了这么多道题目,只有
第一个比较难,但剩下的,我认为,是非常简单的。the rest作主语,谓语动词
要根据the rest指代的内容来确定单复数,这里指的是questions,是可数名词复
数,故谓语也用复数,排除A、C;根据“failed”和“thought”可知,应该用一般过去时,故选D。
13.(2021·和平区三模·单项填空·T9)
—Take a break, Amy. You ______ on the piano all morning.
—All right. But the competition is coming soon. I have to work harder.
A. are practising B. will be practising C. have been practising D.
practice
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:---艾米,休息一会吧。你都练钢琴一上午
了。---好吧。但比赛很快就到了。我还得在努力一下。分析句意,艾米丽已经
弹了一上午钢琴而且还将继续弹。所以此处应用现在完成进行时表示从动作从
过去持续到现在且还将持续下去的动作。故选C项。
14.(2021·和平区一模·单项填空·T10)
—Is Peter coming?
—No, he his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
A. changed B. has changed C. had changed D. is
changing
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:——彼得来了吗?——没有,他在最后一刻打了个电
话后改变了主意。根据句中时间状语at the last minute可知,陈述过去事情,用
一般过去时。故选A。
15.(2021·和平区一模·单项填空·T13) Excuse me, Madam. Ellen, a journalist
from the Daily Mail all day. Could you speak to him now?
A. was phoned B. has been phoned C. is phoning D. has
been phoning
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意:对不起,Ellen夫人,《每日邮报》的记者打
了一整天的电话。你现在可以跟他讲话吗?根据句意可知,动词phone和主语a
journalist from the Daily Mail之间是主动关系,故排除A和B项,结合句意,
根据时间状语all day,此处应用现在完成进行时,表示某动作从过去某个时间
开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去,基本结构为“have / has been+ 现在分词”。故选D项。
16.(2021·河西区三模·单项填空·T4)The computers made by our company sell
,
well but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that
they________.
A. has played B. were to play
C. had played D. played
【答案】B
考查时态。句意:我们公司生产的电脑卖得很好,但是几年前没有人能想象到
它将在市场中扮演的角色。were to do是过去将来时,表示过去想象电脑将会起
到的作用,前面的imagine决定了后面要跟一个将要发生的动作。故选B。
17.(2021·南开中学5月模拟·单项填空·T12)
— You speak very good French!
—Thanks. I________ French in Nankai University for four years.
A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had
studied
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:——你的法语讲的很好。——谢谢,我在南开大学
学了4年的法语。根据句意,说话人在南开大学学了4年的法语,应用一般过
去时。故选A项。
18.(2021·天津芦台一中六模·单项填空·T6)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer
be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic
communication tools by then.
A. have developed B. had developed
C. will have developed D. developed
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:希望在2025年,我们不再互相发电子邮件,因为到
那时候我们将开发出更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025,可知用将
来时;再根据时间状语by then(到那时),可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将
来完成时。故选C。
19.(2021·天津杨村一中一模·单项填空·T13)The number of people, who haveaccess to their own cars, ______ sharply in the past decade.
A. rose B. is rising C. have risen D. has
risen
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的十年里,拥有私家车的人
数急剧增加。根据后文in the past decade可知表示过去发生的动作持续到现在应
用现在完成时,主语为The number of people,助动词应用has。故选D。
20.(2021·天津耀华滨海学校适应性考试·单项填空·T5)The photos,
which________ while 1 was studying in Beijing, remind me of many happy
memories.
A. had taken B. were taken C. had been taken D. took
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意:这些照片是我在北京学习时拍的,让我想
起了许多美好的回忆。分析句子成分和句子结构可知,which引导非限制定语
从句,修饰先行词photos;分析定语从句句子成分可知,which在从句中充当主
语,代指photos,与谓语动词take之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;根据
后文的was studying可知,照片是过去拍的,所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。
故选B项。
21. (2021•滨海学校开学模拟•单项填空•T5)Writing out all the invitations by
hand was more time-consuming than we______.
A. will expect B. are expecting
C. expect D. had expected
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意:手工写下所有的邀请函要比我们预料的花去更多的
时间。根据句意可知我们预料是在实际上写之前发生的,而本句中实际写花去
的时间使用了过去时was,所以expect使用过去完成时。故D正确。
22.(2021•滨海学校开学模拟•单项填空•T11)
— Beijing is worth visiting. I _______ there with my parents during the holidays.
— I agree. I have been there twice.
A. went B. have gone C. have been D. amgoing
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:——北京值得一游。我和我的父母在假期去了
那里。——我同意。我去过那儿两次。结合语境可知,“我”和父母去北京是
假期期间做过的事情,故应用一般过去时。故选A。
23.(2021•汉沽六中一摸•单项填空•T6)My headache ___________ me. I thought
it was going away, but it’s going worse and worse.
A. killed B. was killing C. kills D. is killing
【答案】D
【解析】考查现在进行时。句意:我头痛得要命。我以为它会消失,但它正变
得越来越糟。分析题意,根据后文“我以为它会消失,但它正变得越来越糟”
可知,此处表示“此时此刻头正在痛”。表示正在发生,正在进行的动作,用
现在进行时。综上,故选D项。
24.(2021•汉沽六中一摸•单项填空•T7)The cost of living ________ by ten
percent before the government took any action
A. was going B. went up
C. has gone up D. had gone up
【答案】D
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意:在政府采取任何行动之前,生活费用已经上
涨了10%。根据句意,此处表示生活费用的涨价发生在政府采取行动之前。句
中用动词过去时表示政府采取的行动,表示过去的过去, 应用过去完成时表发
生于“采取措施”之前。故选 D 项。
25.(2021•汉沽六中一摸•单项填空•T13)The Changjiang River _______ flood
large areas, but since the Three Gorges Dam was built, the water of it __________
produce electricity.
A. was used to; is used to B. used to; used to
C. used to; was used to D. was used to; used to
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定短语及动词时态语态。句意:长江过去常常泛滥成灾,但自
从三峡大坝建成后,长江的水就用来发电了。根据题意,第一空应用固定短语used to do sth.表示过去常常。第二空的主句部分无动词,故此处需填谓语动词。
逻辑主语 the water of it 和use 之间表示被动逻辑,用固定搭配 be used to do
sth.表示被用于做某事。根据句意,此处应表示过去发生的动作。故此处需用一
般过去的被动语态。故选C项。
26.(2021•和平区期中模拟•单项填空•T8)
--- I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
--- Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ______ ?
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意:——.听说简去圣岛度假了。——多好啊!你知道她
是什么时候去的么?leave这一动作发生在过去,所以用一般过去时,故选D。
27.(2021•和平区期中模拟•单项填空•T11)Unfortunately, my classmates and I
went to the Art Museum last Monday, only to be told that it ______.
A. is being decorated B. was being decorated
C. decorated D. was decorated
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:不幸的是,我和我的同学上周一去了艺
术博物馆,却被告知它正在被装修。根据last Monday可知,描述的是过去的情
况,谓语动词用过去时;主语it指代艺术博物馆,和谓语动词之间是动宾关系,
谓语动词应用被动语态;结合语境可知,装修的动作当时正在进行,故谓语动
词应用过去进行时的被动语态。故选B项。
28.(2021•河西区期末模拟•单项填空•T3)We won’t start the work until all the
preparations ___________.
A. are being made B. will be made
C. have been made D. had been made
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:一切准备就绪后我们才开始工作。根据句意,
preparations 与谓语make之间是被动关系,谓语动词应该用被动语态;分析句
子结构可知,这是一个not...until引导的时间状语从句,主句中用一般将来时
won’t ,从句中应该用现在时态的一种形式;结合句意,从句用现在完成时强调“做好准备”这个动作,对现在的影响就是可以“开始工作了”,符合语境
及语法结构。综上分析,谓语动词应该用现在完成时的被动语态 have been
made。故选C项。
29.(2021•河西区期末模拟•单项填空•T4)The news that he referred ________ us
disappointed.
A. to made B. to making
C. to make D. to have made
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定短语和谓语动词。句意:他提到的那个消息使我们失望。分
析句子可知 that he referred 是一个定语从句,先行词为主语The news,在从句
中作宾语,而referred为不及物动词,必须借助to才能接宾语,并且refer to为
固定短语,意为“提到,涉及”,而make在本句中作谓语,根据语境,应用一
般过去式,故为made,故选A项。
30.(2021•红桥区期中模拟•单项填空•T10)Tom had to have his car repaired in a
garage because it ______seriously.
A. damaged B. was being damaged
C. had damaged D. had been damaged
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意:汤姆不得不把车送到汽修厂,因为它受损严重。说
明车在送到汽修厂前被损坏的,汽车和损坏是被动关系,因此用过去完成时的
被动语态,选D。
31.(2021•静海区四校12月模拟•单项填空•T14)A rescue worker risked his life
saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped
C. were trapping D. had been trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困
在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句,修
饰two tourists,two tourists和trap之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由
risked可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事情,被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前,即“过去的过去”,该空应用过去完成时态。综上,D选项正确。
点睛:过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,即
“过去的过去”,其表达形式为had done,被动语态的表达形式为had been
done。
32.(2021•静海区一中1月模拟•单项填空•T11)Mr Wang said that he ________
the problem before the plan was carried out. However, he was asked to do it again.
A. explains B. has explained
C. had explained D. was explaining
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:王先生说他在计划实施之前已经解释了这个问题,
但是他被要求再解释一遍。动词|explain作宾语从句的谓语动词,根据句意,该
动词发生在was carried out之前,即过去的过去,所以应该用过去完成时态。故
选C。
33.(2021•南开区期中模拟•单项填空•T7)The flying car Transition can travel at
speeds up to 115 mph for 450 miles in the air, _______ at highway speeds on the
ground, and fold up to fit in a standard garage.
A. driving B. drive C. to drive D. driven
【答案】B
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:飞车Transition能在空中以115英里每小时的速
度行驶450英里,在地面以高速公路的速度行驶,还能折叠起来放进一个标准
的车库。此处与句中动词travel和fold up作并列的谓语,根据句中情态动词can
可知,这里用动词原形。故选B。
34.(2021•南开区期中模拟•单项填空•T8)Recently many famous universities and
colleges have come to our school to enroll new students on their own, and many
excellent students ________ contracts with them.
A. have offered B. were offered
C. have been offered D. had been offered
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:最近,许多著名的大学和学院来我们学
校自主招生,许多优秀的学生已经与他们签订了合同。根据句中时间状语recently可知,用现在完成时。主语excellent students与offer之间为被动关系,
所以用被动语态。故选C。
35.(2021•南开中学二模•单项填空•T8)I took notes during the meeting, but I
a chance to write them into a report so far.
A. didn’t have B. haven’t had
C. hadn’t had D. won’t have
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:会议期间我做了笔记,但到目前为止我还没有机会
把它们写进报告里。根据句中时间状语so far可知,此处应使用现在完成时。
故B选项正确。
36.(2021•南开中学一模•单项填空•T6)It was the first time that he
__________the New Coastal Area of Tianjin and was so impressed by its fast
development.
A. have visited B. visited
C. had visited D. would visit
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:这是他第一次来到天津这个新的沿海地区,天津的
快速发展给他留下了深刻印象。分析题意,根据固定搭配It +be+the +序数词
+time+that(某人第几次做某事)可知,若be动词为was时,从句的动词用过
去完成时。故此处的时态为过去完成时。综合分析,故选C项。
37.(2021•南开中学一模•单项填空•T10)Zhong Nanshan, as well as three other
outstanding medical workers, __________the highest honor of our country last
month.
A. are awarded B. is awarded
C. were awarded D. was awarded
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致和语态。句意:上个月,钟南山等三名优秀医务工作者
被授予国家最高荣誉。根据last month可知此处用一般过去时态,as well as连
接并列主语时需要遵循就远原则,所以谓语动词和Zhong Nanshan保持一致,
故选D项。38.(2021•塘沽一中一模•单项填空•T4)John ________ in the United States for
decades, but in the last years he has already adapted to living in China.
A. was living B. had lived
C. has lived D. Lived
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:约翰在美国生活了很多年,但在最近这几年中
他已经适应了在中国的生活。根据 living in China可知约翰现在在中国居住,
再结合in the United States 中时间状语for decades可知是过去的事情,故选D项。
39.(2021•天津市八校期中模拟•单项填空•T5)We all know that good results
________ for you when you start doing things you love.
A. are waiting B. have waited
C. have been waiting D. will be waiting
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意:我们都知道当你开始做你喜欢的事的时候,好的结
果将会一直等你。此处表示在将来时间会一直持续的事,用will be doing。故选
D。
40.(2021•天津市八校期中模拟•单项填空•T3)
It’s the first time that a Nobel Prize in chemistry 2020 ______ to a female group-
Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna.
A. was awarded B. has been awarded
C. is awarded D. had awarded
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:这是2020年诺贝尔化学奖首次颁发给女性团
体Emmanuelle Charpentier 和Jennifer A. Doudna。It’s the first time that结构中,
that从句通常用现在完成时。从句中主语 Nobel Prize 与award之间为被动关系,
所以用被动语态。故选B。
1. (2021年天津卷) Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in amoment, but let me introduce him first.
A. delivered B. will be delivering
C. was delivering D. has been delivering
【答案】B
【解析】考查将来进行时。句意:大家晚上好,金教授马上要发表演讲,但(开始之前)
让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment(立即,即将,一会儿)的提示,可知
教授的演讲还未开始,用将来时态(一般将来时或将来进行时),仅有 B符合题意,是将
来进行时的结构,故选B。
单句短文改错
1. (2021年全国甲卷) One of the questions are: Who will you go to in times
of trouble? Here are the results.
2. (2021年全国甲卷)Their answers also show that they dislike talking to
others. They kept very much to themselves.
3. (2021年全国乙卷) I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own
bedroom whatever necessary.
4. (2021年全国乙卷) Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like
and it improves the family relationship.
5. (2020·新课标I卷)I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must
to be easy to cook.
6. (2020·新课标II卷)Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old,
for I have long been out of practice.
7. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷) One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could
feel much better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in
need.
8. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷) I’ve had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to
opens a cafe.
9. (2018 年全国Ⅰ卷) During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with
my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.
10.(2018年全国Ⅱ卷) Still I was unwilling to play the games with them sometimes. I
didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.
11.(2018年全国Ⅲ卷) The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning
from textbooks, and mistakes as well.12.(2017 全国Ⅰ卷)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s
orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me
altogether.
13.(2017 全国Ⅰ卷) The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up!” “Slow
down!” “Turning left!”
14.(2017全国Ⅱ卷) Besides, they often get some useful information from the Internet.
When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!
15.(2017 全国Ⅲ卷) I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past
few years.
答案:
1. are→is 由one of the questions (其中一个问题)可知,此处谓语动词应用单
数形式。
2. kept→ keep 由上下文时态可知此处用一般现在时。
3.tidying→tidy 句子的主语是 I,连词 and 连接并列谓语,故 tidying 应改为
tidy,与前面的water构成并列谓语。
4. 删除like前的are。此处表示“我的父母有更多的时间做他们喜欢的事情”,
本句中的like是实义动词,意为“喜欢”,而be like(像)中的like是介词。
故此处需删除like前的are。
5. 删除to 根据句意:并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词,后接动词
原形,to多余,故将to去掉。
6. start→started根据句意:事实上,我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子,此
处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候,动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。
7. is→was上下文都是用一般过去时,这里也应改为一般过去时才一致,故把 is
改为was。
8. 因 be to do sth 为固定搭配, 意味“计划/打算做某事”, 故把 opens 改为
open。
9. 由时间状语During my last winter holiday可知用一般过去时;由前后句中
的went也可知,改为found后才前后时态一致。
10. 全文都是用一般过去时讲述,故所有谓语动词皆用一般过去时, 所以把are
改成were。
11. 此处讲的是客观事实, 故用一般现在时; that指代learning作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式。
12. 全文都是用一般过去时讲述,故所有谓语动词皆用一般过去时,所以把
goes改成went。
13. 根据前面两个教练发出的指令可知,这三个属于并列结构,都是祈使句,
用动词原形,所以将Turning改成Turn,跟前面的Speed up和Slow down并列。
14. came→comes整篇文章以一般现在时为主,when引导的时间状语从句,从
句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
15. had→have 由该句子的时间状语in the past few years可知,应用现在完成时,
故改为have。