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考点 10 动词的被动语态
动词的语态是历年高考的重点，也是高考的必考点。高考主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式对被动语
态这一考点进行考查，动词的语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。预计2023年高考语态仍将是高考考
查的重点和难点，考查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主，很可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结
合起来进行考查。
1. 掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；
2. 掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；
3. 掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；
4. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。
知识网络
被动语态的构成
序号 常用被动语态 构成 序号 常用被动语态 构成
1 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 6 过去进行时 was/were being asked
2 一般过去时 was/were asked 7 现在完成时 have/has been asked
3 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 8 过去完成时 had been asked
should/would be will/would have been
4 过去将来时 9 将来完成时
asked asked
含有情态动词
5 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 10 can/must/may be asked
的
被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其
中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动
注意事 词变为被动态。 如：
项
Trees should not be planted in summer. 夏天不应该种树。
The boy was made fun of by his classmates. 这个男孩被他的同学取笑。Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 报纸过去常被小女孩送到这里。
汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：
It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that…
It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that…
It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that…
下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：
The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice.
The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.
The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.
下面词或短语没有被动态：
leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen,
occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on,
lose heart等等
考向一 被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。各种
时态的被动语态形式为（以do为例）：
时
现在 过去 将来 过去将来
时
体
一般 is / am / are done was / were done will / shall be done would / should be done
is / am / are was / were being
进行
being done done
have / has been will / shall have would / should have been
完成 had been done
done been done done
被动语态的特殊结构形式
(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词
Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.
必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。
(2) “get＋过去分词”式被动语态
在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
几种主动变被动的规则
（1）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语
仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. （间接宾语为主语）
A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday. （直接宾语为主语，需加介词to）
（2）当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
（3）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾
语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
（4）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如＂动词＋介词＂，＂动词＋副词＂等，也可以用于被动结
构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.(介词off不能遗漏)
5.当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:
(1)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。
People said he was a smart boy.
可变为：It was said that he was a smart boy.
He was said to be a smart boy
(2)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:
类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that...
用所给词的适当形式填空。1．For centuries, the ancient language ________ (pass) on from one generation to another.
2．Worldwide, three cups of tea ________ (consume) for every cup of coffee.
3．Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children.
And, as more children were born, more food ________ (need)．
4．The activity, which __________ (schedule) on Friday, is meant to celebrate their 50th anniversary.
5．In our school, all the students __________ __________(request) to wear school uniforms on weekends.
6．Your passport ____(return) to you when you check out of your hotel.
7．Ten thousand dollars ____________ (spend) on this project so that we can enjoy a more beautiful campus. (所
给词的适当形式填空)
考向二 不能用被动语态的几种情况：
1.（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。
（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
考向三 主动形式表被动意义的情况：
（1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主
系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
（2）当cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等词带状语修饰语时；
（3）当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、制定＂等意
思时；
（4）want，require，need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
（5）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
（6）在＂be + 形容词 + to do＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。1．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）His new novel _________; very few people would like to read it.
A．sells well B．is well sold C．sells badly D．is badly sold
2．（2020·内蒙古·赤峰二中高三阶段练习）My parents like climbing the mountain behind my home in the
morning, because the mountainous air is so good ________.
A．breathing B．breathed C．to breathe D．to be breathed
3．（2019·宁夏·石嘴山市第三中学高三阶段练习）They realized that the problem Ted put forward was difficult
_______.
A．to solve B．solved C．to be solved D．solving
4．（2019·黑龙江·铁人中学高三期中）I want to buy that kind of cloth because I_____the cloth_____well.
A．have told;washed B．have been told;washes
C．have been told;washed D．was told;washes
5．（2020·全国·高三专题练习）The careless driver is____for the traffic accident that____yesterday.
A．to blame;happened B．to blame;was happened
C．to be blamed;was happened D．to be blamed;happened
6．（2019·全国·高三专题练习）A lot of small towns in the area are definitely worth ________.
A．to be visited B．being visited C．visiting D．to visit
【巧学妙记】
主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀
一般现、过用be done，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。
将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing。
现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。
现、过进行be doing，被动be加being done。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
注释：** 错误的表达式 **＂be有人称、时、数变＂即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。** 错误的表达式 **＂情助＂是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等
一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。
** 错误的表达式 **＂疑问一助置主前＂是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一
助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。
1. （2021·吉林松原市实验高级中学高三模考语法填空） These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen,
(carve) on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into how ancient Chinese saw the world
around them and into their great creativity.
2. （2021·江西萍乡市·高三二模语法填空） Breakdancing is a sport which can be played anytime and
anywhere in urban and other environments. It has no previous appearance at the Summer Olympic Games, but
(include) at the Summer Youth Olympic Games in Buenos Aires in 2018.
3. （2021·黑龙江大庆市·高三二模语法填空）What will you think of when hearing the word “kung fu”? The
answer for most people may be Shaolin monks, Bruce Lee or Kung Fu Panda. But for Laurence J. Brahm, an
American documentary filmmaker, the first thing that (spring) to mind is the concept of non-violence.
4. （2021·四川泸州市·高三三模语法填空）
Recorded in a short video by a local resident, the rare appearance 1 ． (attract) attention online on the right day.
……
“Rising water levels during the flood season together with the fishing ban 48 ． (probable) contribute to this
rare animal’s appearance, given that sandbanks 2 ． (cover) by water and more water plants are available for
fish.
attracted 2. are covered
5. （2021·西宁市教育科学研究院高三一模语法填空）China’s Chang’e 5 mission successfully delivered
samples of moon rock and dust to Earth on December 17. It marks the first time in 44 years that moon rocks ．
(bring) back to planet.
6. （2021·内蒙古赤峰市·高三二模语法填空）
Awakening of Insects, which （ 1 ） (signal) a rise in temperature and increased rainfall, falls on March 5
and ends on March 19 this year.Awakening of Insects refers to the fact that animals sleeping in winter （ 2 ） (awaken) by spring thunder and
that the earth begins to come back to life.
7.（2021·内蒙古包头市·高三二模短文改错）As you know, China, with a long history and great culture, have a
sea of famous cities and different types of places of interesting for you to explore.
8. （2021·黑龙江大庆市·高三二模短文改错） Fortunately, the fence was lasted through 15 more minutes and
the helicopter arrived in time. We were saving.
9. （2021·四川遂宁市·遂宁中学高三三模语法填空）The Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar
terms. Clear and Bright (1) (be) the only one whose first day is also a traditional Chinese festival, Tomb-
Sweeping Day.
……..
Clear and Bright serves as a time when Chinese people honor nature and the ancestors of the Chinese nation.
The worship of nature and ancestors (2 ) (date) back to ancient times, and still matters a lot in modern society.
10. （2021·赤峰二中高三月考）
“Each” and “every” are words which are close in meaning. In general, you use “each” when you are talking about
one individual(单独的) object or person. "Every" （ 1 ） ． (use) for a group of objects, or people that you group
together.
………
11.（天津市河东区2021届高三第一次模拟考试）—Do you remember the first time we met?
—Yes. It happened at the airport and we _______to leave for Tianjin.
A．had been waiting B．were waiting C．would wait D．waited
12.（天津市红桥区2021届高三质量调查（一模））Mr. Smith________ these days. I think he should take a
holiday before he burns out.
A．has been overworking B．overworked
C．has overworked D．was overworking
13. 13．（天津市南开中学2020-2021学年高三上学期第四次月考）—Did you get to work on time?
—Sure. The city center wasn't as crowded this morning as it usually________.
A．is B．was C．has been D．had been【2022年】
1.（2022·新高考1卷 语法填空） The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that
___38___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one
authority ___39_to increase __ effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
2.（2022·全国甲卷 语法填空）In the last five years. Cao ___47___ (walk) through 34 countries in six
continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___4 8 hig h es t __ _ mountain.
3.（2022·全国卷甲 短文改错）My father often took me to his hospital when I was off school. He showed me
how his medical instruments was used.
4. （2022·全国卷乙 短文改错）We all know that cycling is a great exercise. A doctor tells me people who lives
the longest are dancers and cyclists.
5. （2022·全国卷乙 短文改错）Just see how cars have been taken over our cities.
【2021年】
1. （2021年1月浙江卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared
and a BMI of between 19 and 25 31． (consider) healthy.
2.（2021年6月浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home 40________（paint） white. It was sweet and
fresh. Mary loved it.”
3.（2021·全国卷甲）The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It
41_________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
4.（2021年1月浙江卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared and
a BMI of between 19 and 25 31． (consider) healthy.
【2020年】
1. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ，68) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,
“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __________ (construct).”
2. （2020•新课标Ⅲ）The artist was sure he would 63________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece
to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
3. （2020•山东卷）The parts of a museum open to the public 40_________ (call) galleries or rooms.
4.（2020•浙江卷）Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to
raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food 59________(need).【2019年】
1. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ，69) On the last day of our week-long stay, we _____ (invite) to attend a private concert on a
beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【2017年】
1. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ，64 67)When fat and salt ____________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is
missing something. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than
they need in their diet.
2. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ，65 68) Steam engines __________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly
unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，43 49)Sarah _________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million
dollars in the new year.
