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第 2 讲 微观解析 分类突破
考向一 短文改错之错词命题
命题角度一 动词的错用
考点1 谓语动词的错用
设错方向 解题思路 针对训练
1.在带有时间状语的句子中要看 1.(2022·安徽安庆示范高中联考)I have
谓语动词的时态与该时间状语是 seen the cleaning woman several times
否一致。 before we had the questionnaire.
2.在平行或并列结构中，动词的 2.(2021·全国乙)I also water the flowers
形式通常是一致的。关键问题是 in the yard and tidying up my own
看and，or等后的动词与前面的 bedroom whenever necessary.
时态的错用 哪个动词并列，一定要辨别清 3.No sooner he finished his task than we
楚。 went out for a drink.
3.固定句型中谓语动词的时态要 4.We students have had many tests or
牢记。前面语法填空专题已讲 exams.We have both achieved success
解。 and suffer from failure，but different
4.完成时态中的过去分词不要误 students have different attitudes towards
用作其他形式。 failure.
1.构成被动语态的过去分词写成
了过去式或现在分词。
5.(2022·广西桂林、梧州一模)Only in
2.主动语态中多了be及其变形，
语态的错用 this way can a balance between the
或被动语态中缺失 be及其变
environment and the economy achieved.
形；系动词没有被动语态；不及
物动词或短语无被动语态。
6.(2020·全国Ⅰ)Today I tried cooking a
1.情态动词后要跟动词原形。
情态动词的 simple dish myself.I like eating fried
2.表示对过去的推测时其后跟
错用 tomatoes with eggs，and I thought it
“have＋过去分词”。
must to be easy to cook.
1.条件从句中的虚拟语气：应注
7.If I was you，I would follow our
意表示与现在、过去或将来相反
虚拟语气的 时从句谓语动词的形式。 teacher’s advice.
错用 2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气：在表 8.It’s high time that you go to the
示“坚持、命令、建议、要求” station to pick up our boss.
等词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
3.“It’s (high) time that”从句的
谓语动词用一般过去式或
“should＋动词原形”。
主语是单数形式，谓语却用复数
9.(2021·全国甲)One of the questions
主谓一致的 形式；主语是复数形式，谓语却
are：Who will you go to in times of
错用 用单数形式，导致主谓不一致的
trouble？
情况。
考点2 非谓语动词的错用
设错方向 解题思路 针对训练
1.Good morning，everyone！I feel
句中已有谓语动词，且另一动 honored to be standing here，share
非谓语动词与谓
词不作并列谓语或从句谓语， my opinions on the relationship
语动词的误用
则只能用非谓语动词。 between the environment and the
economy.
动词ing形式表示主动、进行；
动词ed 形式表示被动、完成；
动词ing形式转化的形容词表示 2.(2022·安徽安庆示范高中联考)I
动词ing形式与-
“令人……的”，常修饰物； handed in my paper with the last
ed形式的误用
而动词ed形式转化的形容词表 question not answering.
示“感到……的”，常修饰
人。
不定式的多余：感官动词和使
役动词(get除外)后跟不带to的 3.(2022·河南大联考三模)In
不定式作宾语补足语。 addition，we students were asked
不定式的误用
不定式的缺失：有些动词，如 what measures we should take save
want，decide，plan等后应接带 food in our daily life.
to的不定式作宾语。
介词之后往往跟doing作宾语。
要留意有些短语以介词to结
介词后动词形式 尾，如：devote...to，be 4.(2019·全国Ⅲ)If I succeed in
的误用 accustomed to，get used to， manage one，I will open more.
object to，look forward to，
contribute to等。
作主语的非谓语 动词原形不能作主语或宾语， 5.I think work for a newspaper and
形式的误用 往往使用doing或者to do 形式 reporting from all over the world are作主语或宾语。 really exciting.
命题角度二 名词的错用
设错方向 解题思路 针对训练
1.(2021·全国甲)Many students
say they will talk to their friend
1.表示单一概念的可数名词，要
or classmates because they’re
用单数。
of the same age and can
2.可数名词前有 all，many，a lot
understand each other.
of，different，a few，some或者
2.(2020·全国Ⅲ)My mom is
超过“一”的数词等修饰时，名
really concerned with the health
名词数的错用 词要用复数形式。
of everyone in our families.
3.不可数名词没有复数形式。常
3.(2022·云南普洱期末统测)I
见的有：advice，news，
hope that more people can
information，progress，fun，
participate in the activity to
weather，music，health，luck
advertise the importances and
等。
benefits of environmental
protection.
4.When I was little，Friday’s
1.误把名词用作名词所有格：表
night was our family game
示“……的”应用所有格形式；
night.
名词可以作定语的不用所有格形
5.We accepted the invitation
名词格的错用 式。
without a moment hesitation.
2.所有格形式用错：名词所有格
6.The park is near to our
是在名词后直接加’再加s，以s
hotel，which is only five
结尾的单词只加’。
minute’s walk.
1.不要把名词误用作形容词，名
7.(2019·全国Ⅰ)To
词作表语时，一般与主语是同位
everyone’s surprising，the
关系，而形容词作表语则是对主
名词形式的错用 ball went into the net.
语的描述。
8.The building under construct
2.不要把名词误用作动词，在介
will be a supermarket.
词和冠词后常用名词。命题角度三 形容词和副词的错用
设错方向 解题思路 针对训练
1.副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整
1.(2021·全国乙)What’s more，doing
个句子，在句中作状语。
housework can be a form of mentally
形容词和 2.形容词主要用来修饰名词或代词，
relaxation from study.
副词的 表示事物或人的性质或特征。
2.(2022·安徽阜阳期末质检)I was
混用 3.ing形容词一般表示“令人……
amazing by my efficiency and thought
的”，往往修饰物，而ed形容词一般
about the reasons.
表示“感到……的”，往往修饰人。
1.句子本身没有比较或者是同级比
较，误用了比较级；有比较级的标志
than但误用了原级。 3.I arrived at the office an hour more
2.句子里有最高级的提示词却用了比 earlier than the others on Monday
形容词和
较级，或者句中有比较级的提示词却 morning.
副词等级
用了最高级。 4.What’s worse，some even lose
的误用
3.单音节形容词、副词和一些双音节 heart and no longer study as harder as
形容词、副词，变比较级加er或r，变 before.
最高级加est或st，但句中却使用了
more或者most。
5.(2021·全国甲)In my opinion，when
要留意常弄混的一些副词：hard刻苦
in trouble，we should seek help from
形近副词 地，hardly几乎不；late 迟于，later
those we trust mostly.
的混用 以后，lately最近；most极其，mostly
6.(2022·江西萍乡质检)So I worked
主要地。
hardly this summer vacation.
7.(2022·河南部分学校大联考)By
doing voluntary work，students realize
however表转折，therefore表结果； the importance of social work and
连接副词
beside在旁边，besides表示并列关 enhance their social
的混用
系。 responsibility.Therefore，not all the
voluntary activities are suitable for
students.Group 1 达标练
1．(2022·广西桂林、梧州一模)Everyone can help fight pollutions by the following golden rule：
reduce，reuse and recycle.
2．(2022·河南部分学校联考)Being volunteers is of great benefit to students，give them a sense
of achievement when they are helping others.
3．(2022·河南大联考三模)I sincere hope the details mentioned above will be of use to you.
4．Truly artistic paintings other than calligraphy(书法) came into exist during the Qin Dynasty and
matured in the Wei and Jin periods.
5．(2022·陕西西安五模)Now I understand be a mother of two is not easy work as I thought.
6．(2022·安徽阜阳期末质检)That acts like a stimulus，encouraging or forcing you to focusing
on your work.
7．(2022·安徽芜湖期末质监)Allan Stewart，a famous Australia legend，was born on March
7th,1915.
8．(2022·安徽芜湖期末质监)Successfully，he got his master’s degree in 2006 when he was at
the age of 91，the older one，creating a world record.
9．(2022·云南普洱期末统测)As a member of human beings，I am sure willing to protect the
wildlife.
10．(2022·四川泸州期末联考)They say it is too far away that they will not see me for a whole
year and they are afraid that I will feel lonely.
Group 2 真题练
1．He showed me how his medical instruments was used.(2022·全国甲)
2．However，after I went to high school，somehow I become distant from him.(2022·全国甲)
3．I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not stay out with my friends too
late.(2022·全国甲)
4．We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise.(2022·全国乙)
5．A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists.(2022·全国乙)
6．Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.(2022·全国乙)
7．My mom told me how to preparing it.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
8．Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
9．I’m surely you’ll have a good time.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
10．I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
A
Mr Zhang is one of my favorite high school teacher.He is a very patient teacher，who oftenexplains us everything carefully to make him understood.He’s also such kind and friendly that we
always turn to him for help.Deal with students can be annoying sometimes ，but he never
complained.Besides，he always explores new ways to make his lessons attractively.Above all，Mr
Zhang is constantly encouraged us to get involved in classroom activities.He makes me to realize
teaching is a very meaningful profession.That’s because I’m determined to be a teacher like him
in the future.
B
On Mother’s Day we can show our mothers our thank.Last Mother’s Day，I had the good
time with my mom.I got up early in the morning and cook a delicious breakfast.My mom said it
was a wonderfully breakfast.After that，we went to the park and took on lots of pictures.The sky
was blue but the air was fresh.We rented a boat row around the lake.At the end of that day，I said
to your mom，“Thank you，mom，I will love you forever.” What happy she was.I hope every
mother can spend a pleased time with her beloved children.
考向二 短文改错之综合命题
命题角度一 冠词
设错方向 解题思路 针对训练
1.a和an的混用。请牢记此口诀：
用a用an这样辨，不看字母看音素，见
了原因(元音音素)，要施“恩(n)”。
请注意下面两句话中的冠词： 1.(2022·安徽安庆示范高中联
(1)In a university，a European and a 考)What a unforgettable
oneeyed man walked along a oneway road lesson！
冠词的混用 with a useful thing.This is a usual thing. 2.We should ensure the
(2)An hour ago，an honest man accepted development strategies are
an unusual gift and went to finish an followed in the environmentally
honorable task. friendly way.
2.不定冠词和定冠词的混用：表示特指时
用定冠词the；表示泛指时用不定冠词
a(n)。注意固定搭配中冠词的使用情况。
3.(2022·江西景德镇三
检)Facing so many interesting
1.若某个词是名词复数、专有名词、抽象
extracurricular activities，we
名词、物质名词，或已经有了限定词，
students have a trouble
冠词的多余 前面不适合加冠词，应把位置空下来，
choosing the proper ones.
形成“零冠词”。
2.很多不用冠词的固定搭配需要牢记。 4.(2022·江西新余二模)She
kept telling me she believed I
would make a great progressone day.
5.(2022·河南许平汝联盟模
1.一般来说，单数可数名词前应有适当的
拟)At end of each day，she
冠词，表示泛指用a(n)，表示特指用
will bring them out to the main
the。
冠词的缺失 part of the shop.
2.复数可数名词如果有定语修饰表示特指
6.I can get excited and
也要用the。
confident.In word，sports are
3.注意固定短语和搭配中冠词不可缺失。
my favorites.
命题角度二 代词
设错方向 解题思路 针对训练
1.(2022·广西桂林、梧州一
1.人称代词、物主代词以及反身代 模)Undoubtedly，it’s your duty
词等都有单复数之分，要根据上下 to protect the environment while we
文确定是用单数还是用复数。 aim for economic development.
2.形容词性物主代词相当于形容
2.(2020·全国Ⅲ)I tell my mom that
词，不能单独使用，常用来修饰名
if we’re forced to eat things，we
词；名词性物主代词相当于名词，
may become ill.But he insists on us
常单独使用，不能修饰名词。
eating healthy food.
3.人称代词表示“谁”，而物主代
3.(2022·河南大联考三模)Both of
词表示“谁的”，切忌混用。
these activities were aimed at
4.反身代词是指代主语的，指动作
raising our awareness of saving
的发出者把动作反射到本人身上。
food.
若所用代词与主语不一致，就要用
4.What’s more，you have to be
代词的错用
人称代词而不用反身代词。
friends with your pupils and take
5.如果文中出现了代词，那么它所
good care of him.
代替的词一定存在于上文的某处，
5.(2022·江西景德镇三
要注意它们的一致性。例如，前面
检)However，opposite voices can
如果是男性单数，后面要用he，
also be heard，claiming that
him或his取代。
recreational activities waste too
6.常见的不定代词有many与
many time，and therefore may
much，some(thing)与any(thing)，
keep students from focusing on his
other与another，表示两者的
or her study.
both，either和neither，表示三者
6.Because of the heat I stay at home
或三者以上的all和none等，需要
most of the time during the summer
掌握其用法，不能混用。
vacation and only occasionally go
to the beach to get me into the coolwater.
代词的多余常存在于定语从句中，
7.The car that my uncle had just
若关系词在从句中作宾语，此时就
代词的多余 bought it was destroyed in the
不能再用it，him或them等作宾语
earthquake.
了。
主要是人称代词与物主代词的缺
失。若缺少主语，则考虑是否用人 8.At last，I will be on my own，
代词的缺失 称代词，还要根据上下文考虑名词 but I still want to have my parents
前是否缺少物主代词。形式宾语it to turn to whenever need help.
也经常被漏用。
命题角度三 介词
设错方向 解题思路 针对训练
1.(2022·河南大联考三模)An
1.介词基本用法的错用：有时我们会受汉 exhibition of Chinese Calligraphy
语的影响而错用介词，例如：在墙上(有 which was written by students was
一个洞)，英语应用in the wall而不是on displayed on the school library.
the wall。 2.(2022·陕西西安五模)As he was
介词的错用
2.固定搭配中介词的错用：介词可与名 too young to be left alone，I
词、动词、形容词等构成固定搭配，其 needed to focus my attention to
中的介词是固定的。有时搭配中的介词 him constantly.
不同意义也不同。 3.But I didn’t do well at the long
jump.I only jumped 4.5 meters.
4.You can also choose to make
1.及物动词后无需加介词直接跟宾语。 changes in famous dramas to enter
2.this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each into the competition.
介词的多余
等词构成的时间短语，单独作状语时， 5.Bob’s wife told him that he
前面不用任何介词。 had forgotten his wallet in that
morning.
1.不及物动词后需要加介词才能跟宾语。
2.作定语的不定式中，动词如果是不及物 6.He fed the snake on mice and
介词的缺失 动词，或不定式修饰的名词或代词是不 gave it a huge area in their yard to
定式动词的地点、工具等，不定式后要 live.
有相应的介词。
命题角度四 连词
并列句和复合句是增加句子长度，使句子变得复杂且丰富的有效手段。但在使用中要注意并列连词和各类从句引导词的用法。
设错方向 解题思路 针对训练
1.并列连词的错用：常见的并列连
词有and(表示递进、并列或顺
承)，but(表示转折)，or(表示选 1.(2020·全国Ⅰ)First I cut the
择)，so(表示因果)等。应根据逻辑 tomatoes into pieces but put them
并列连词的
关系选择适当的连词。 aside.
错用与多余
2.并列连词的多余：同一个句子中 2.Though not very big，but the
although/though和but不能同时使 restaurant is popular in our area.
用，because和so也不能同时使
用。
1.关系代词that与which的错用： 3.(2022·河南部分学校大联
在非限制性定语从句中关系代词用 考)Nowadays，more and more people
which，介词后用which；在不定代 have taken part in voluntary work，
词、最高级、序数词后用that。特 that is a sign of social progress.
定语从句关 别注意：what不能引导定语从句。 4.(2020·全国Ⅲ)Understanding her
系词的错用 2.关系代词与关系副词的错用：关 good intentions，I eat all the food
与缺失 系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表 what is provided by Mom with
语和定语；关系副词作状语。 appreciation.
3.关系词的缺失：在there be句型
5.(2022·河南许平汝联盟模拟)At the
中经常考查，容易受汉语影响而漏 back of the shop is a big room which
用关系词who/that/which。 another lady works.
1.从属连词与连接代词、连接副词
6.That you should do is make full
的错用：从属连词不作成分，而连
preparations for it.
接代词、连接副词作成分。
7.(2022·广西桂林、梧州一模)For
2.连接代词与连接副词的错用：连
one thing，it’s unavoidable to
接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表
名词性从句 damage the environment that while we
语，而连接副词在从句中作状语。
连接词的错 develop the economy.
3.从属连词that的缺失：that引导
用、缺失与 8.I’ve also realized what difficult it
主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
多余 is for my parents to support our
时一般不能省略，引导宾语从句时
family.
可省略。
9.One reason for her preference for
4.连接词的多余：一个从句只能有
city life is she can have easy access to
一个连接词，即使这个连接词可以
places like shops and restaurants.
省略，也不能再用其他连接词。
状语从句连 1.应根据逻辑关系判定是何种状语 10.(2021·全国甲)In my opinion，
接词的错用 从句，并选择适当的连接词。
where in trouble，we should seekhelp from those we trust most.
2.不要把介词误用作连接词，例
11.Despite it might sound strange，his
如：despite，during等为介词，不
idea was accepted by all the people at
能引导状语从句。
the meeting.
3.应注意常见的固定句式中连接词
12.Jack is so tall which he can reach
的使用。
the flower on the wall.
强调句结构为：It’s...that/who...，
强调句结构 13.It’s not what you say but what
有时与定语从句或名词性从句混
的错用 you do which matters.
用，而把that错用。
Group 1 达标练
1．(2022·河南部分学校大联考)There are many different kinds of voluntary activities students
can participate.
2．(2022·河南许平汝联盟模拟)Every time my uncle enters，they will say hello for him warmly.
3．I love sports so much because they can not only make my body stronger，and also let me keep
optimistic all the time.
4．Traditional painting techniques lasted until the end of the Qing Dynasty，when modern
painting techniques started to challenge the traditional one.
5．(2022·江西景德镇三检)It is numerous activities，such as spoken English competitions，
sports events，and clubs of different interests ，which help make campus life colorful and
diversified.
6．(2022·江西萍乡质检)But as a second-year senior student，I had to prepare for the college
entrance examination what was only a year away.
7．(2022·江西新余二模)I still remember the day when I told her I had failed in a math test.To her
surprise，she gave me a warm hug and encouraged me.
8．(2022·陕西宝鸡模拟)I sincerely hope you can investigate this incident and proper measures
should be taken to prevent such incident happening again.
9．(2022·陕西西安五模)I have a much younger brother who is only 2 years old.Last week，my
mother was busy cleaning the house and asked me to take care of himself.
10．(2022·四川绵阳三诊)My mother is always my role model.Last Sunday，I found that she put
some food into the bag and went out with it.
Group 2 真题练
1．The disagreement was so sharp which neither he nor I knew what to settle it.(2022·全国甲)2．One day，he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations.(2022·全国甲)
3．With the efforts made by all sides，we began to understand each other better.(2022·全国甲)
4．Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air，smooth movement and exercise.(2022·全国
乙)
5．Whether you ride a bicycle，you don’t use petrol.(2022·全国乙)
6．They often run at high speeds，what may put our lives in danger.(2022·全国乙)
7．Only a few choose to deal with the problems on our own.(2021·全国甲)
8．In my opinion，students can benefit a lot doing some housework.(2021·全国乙)
9．I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom whatever necessary.(2021·全
国乙)
10．Actually，I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old，for I have long been out of
practice.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
A
(2022·江西上饶六校联考)
Dear Lily，
I’m glad to hear that you’ll visit China this summer vacation！Knowing that you’re
amazing at traditional China，I’d like to recommend my most favourite city，Suzhou，to you.
Suzhou，referring as the Venice of the East，is an attractively city located in the southeast of
Jiangsu Province.It had been listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage.The Classical Gardens
are the symbol of the city，there you can have better understanding of China.Because these
gardens are not large，they’re unique to their designs.It bring together the beauty of nature，
architecture and painting.
I believe you will enjoy your time in Suzhou.
Yours，
Li Hua
B
(2022·山西大学附属中学三模)
Dear Penny，
Knowing that you are confused about the custom of giving gifts in China, I’d like to share
with some suggestions here.
To begin with，the meaning of the gifts lie in value rather than price.Giving that, you’d
better found out the preference of your hosts.When comes to the color of wrapping paper, black or
white may not be advisable, both of them are considered to be unlucky in China.Beside, it’s bad
manner to pick a clock or a pair of shoes for your hosts.Finally, what makes the gifts specially isthe bond between the sender and the recipient.The gifts to the hosts should not be cost.
I hope these suggestions will be of great help to you.
Yours，
Li Hua
