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【高频考点解密】2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练(全国通
用)
02.冠词与代词
第一部分 冠词
核心考点1 不定冠词用法
1.不定冠词
不定冠词有a和an,他们都用于可数名词单数前,泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法
有区别:(1)若随后的单词以辅音音素开头,用a。如:a lot of ,a good idea ,a pear。
若随后的单词以元音音素开头,用an。如:an example , an orange , an apple。
由于很多考生音标学习得不好,在这里会有很大障碍,所以在这里我们只需要记住一些特殊的常考的
加a单词(单词首字母A/E/I/O/U开头的单词):
European、university、useful、unique、UFO、U。
其余均认为单词首字母A/E/I/O/U开头的单词加an即可。
这里要注意以否定前缀un开头的单词,发音为元音,须用an。
而某些以字母h开头的单词用an,因为这些单词的“h”不发音。如:an honest boy,an hour ago。
也需要特殊记忆。不定冠词多表示泛指。
1.泛指某类人或物(或其中的任何一个)、初次谈到或见到的人或物。这个用法是不定冠词考查的
重点。eg:-I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.
-You shouldn' t put drinks near a computer.
2.表示“每一”,相当于every/per。
eg : I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
3.表示“一个”,相当于one。
eg : My sister sometimes has only an apple for dinner because she wants to be thin.
4.用于专有名词前表示“某一个.....”,相当于a certain;或属于某人的物品。eg:-Hello,could I speak to Mr.Smith?
-Sorry,wrong number. There isn' ta Mr.Smith here.
5.用于序数词前表示“再一,又一”。
eg:She didn' t like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.
6.用于动词转化的名词前,表示一次动作。
eg:Let' s go and have a look.
7.用于一些固定搭配或固定短语中。这一点也是冠词常考的方面,考生应加强记忆。a lot (of) a few
in a hurry a little
have a cold 感冒
make a face 做鬼脸
a number of 大量的
a pair of 一双,一对
have a good time玩得高兴
have a swim=swim 游泳
have a walk=walk 散步
have a look=look 看一看
as a result 因此
【考例1】1.When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was ______ joke.
【解析】考查冠词。考查现在分词和冠词。句意:当我们收到一个电话说她入围候选人了,我们认为那是
一个笑话。joke是可数名词的单数,所以该空用不定冠词a表泛指。
【考例2】As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:结果,人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。as a result是固定搭配,意为
“结果”。故填a。
【考例3】But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting (rest). Instead, she is
earning £6500 a day as ________ model in New York.
【解析】考查冠词。句意:但与学校朋友不同的是,16岁的莎拉没有花半个学期的时间休息;相反,她在
纽约当模特每天挣6500英镑。model是可数名词,前面没有限定词,而此处指“一个”,表泛指,用a。
故填a。
【考例4】(2022全国甲卷)________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
(用适当的词填空)【答案】A
【详解】考查冠词。句意:他的一位朋友Wu Fan在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知,此处泛指
“他的一个朋友”,应用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头,应用a。句首字母大写,故填A。
【考例5】As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the
visitor’s memory. It sure does in mine .While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ________ must to visit! (用
适当的词填空)
【答案】a
【详解】考查冠词。句意:正如歌中所唱的那样,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留
在游客的记忆中。对我的确是这样。当你在中国的时候,黄山是必游之地!must作名词时,意为“绝对必
要的事物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠词,must是以辅音音素开头的词,
应用a。故填a。
【考例6】Instead, she is earning $6,500 a day as ________ model in New York.
【答案】a
【详解】考查冠词。句意:相反,她在纽约做模特每天能挣6500美元。此处“作为一名模特,”表泛指。
model 的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
核心考点2定冠词the的用法
1.定冠词
定冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。区别于不
定冠词,定冠词具有确定的意思,用以特指人或事物,表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个,
以别于同类中其他的人或事物,相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。它可以和单、复数名词,也
可以和不可数的名词连用。
2.定冠词基本用法
(1)用以特指某(些)人或某(些)事物
This is the house where Luxun once lived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。
(2)用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物
Open the door, please.请把门打开。
(3)用以复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用“a或an”,以后再次提到用“the")Once there
lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him.从前森
林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。(4)用在序数词和形容词最高级前
January is the first month of the year.一月份是一年当中的第一个月。
(5)表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物
the sun太阳the earth 地球the sky 天空the world 世界
(6)指由普通名词构成的专有名词
the West Lake西湖the Great Wall长城the United States美国the United Nations 联合国
(7)表示方向、方位
in the east 在东方in the front在前面in the bottom 在底部on the right 在右边
(8)在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 the Pacific Ocean太平洋the Yellow
River 黄河tthe Taiwan Straits台湾海峡
(9)在姓氏复数前,表示一家人
The Bakers came to see me yesterday.
The Greens are having dinner at home.
(10)和某些形容词连用,使形容词名词化,代表一类人或物
the poor穷人 the rich富人 the sick病人
the wounded伤员 the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物
(11)用在表示阶级、政党的名词前
the working class 工人阶级 the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党
(12)用在the very强调句中This is the very book I want.这就是我想要的那本书。
(13)固定用法:the+比较级.…..the+比较级...,表示越....越...…
(14)表示演奏乐器时,乐器的前面要加the
play the piano弹钢琴
play the violin 拉小提琴
注:中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:er-hu(二胡)
(15)某些固定的表达法:
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影
go to the theatre 去看戏 all the year round 一年到头
on the way to 前往..去的路上(16)the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物
The horse is a useful animal.马是一种有用的动物。
注意:像这类句子还有如下两种写法
A horse is a useful animal.
Horses are useful animals.
(17)在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位"中要用the,而不用人称代词。
take sb.by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
hit sb.in the face打某人的脸
be red in the face 脸红
be lame in the right leg右腿瘸
类似以上的结构中,名词前要用the。
3.定冠词特殊用法
(1)特指双方都明白的人或物:Take the medicine.把药吃了。
(2)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)They are
teachers of this school.(指部分教师)
(3)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:She caught me by the arm.她抓住了
我的手臂。
(4)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:the People's Republic
of China中华人民共和国the United States 美国
(5)用在某些习惯用语中
at the same time 同时
by the way 顺便问一句
for the present暂时
go to the cinema看电影
in the end 最后
in the dark在黑暗中,不知道
in the least 一点,丝毫
in the open 在野外
in the past在过去in the long run从长远来看
in the event of万一
in the morning 在上午
in the way 挡道,碍事
on the whole总体上
on the other hand另一方面
on the contrary相反地
out of the question不可能的
(6)在中国传统节日前加the
The Spring Festival春节
The Dragon Boat Festival龙舟节(端午节)
The Mid-autumn Festival中秋节
(巧学妙记)定冠词的用法口诀:
特指双知上文提,独一无二普遍专;
方位顺序最高级;赛项乐器影剧院;
姓氏复数一家人,形容词前可数单;
群岛河山江湖海,沙漠海峡和海湾。
阶级党派国全名,组织团体与机关。
连续应用比较级,朝代年代按天算。
【考例7】 Of ________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six are stable,
one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.
【答案】the
【详解】考查冠词。句意:在19个已确认的北极熊亚种群中,3个在下降,6个稳定,1个在增加,9个缺
乏足够的数据。此处特指确认的19个亚种群,用定冠词the符合题意。故填the。
【考例8】Everybody wears ________ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways.
【答案】the
【详解】考查定冠词。句意:每个人都穿同一款式的衣服。制服可以以意想不到的方式发挥作用。分析可
知,“same”前需用定冠词“the”作限定词,“the same...”,意为“相同的……”。故填the。
【考例9】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】the【详解】考查冠词。句意:玉米产量已经上涨了近125%再过去的25年间。此处表示特指,意为“在过去
的25年”。故填the。
【考例10】This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ____ top.
(用适当的单词填空)
【答案】the
【详解】考查定冠词。句意:这包括洼路,铺设轨道然后在顶上建造一个结实的顶。此处指的是在顶端建
造一个结实的顶,表示特指,所以在 top前加the。故答案为the.
【考例11】Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs.
【答案】the
【详解】考查冠词。句意:出乎意料的是,我正面对着那只大猩猩,它开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。at the top of
one’s lungs是固定短语,意为“用尽量大的声音”,因此填定冠词the。故填the。
【考例12】(2022年全国乙卷) To celebrate ______ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese
Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
【答案】the
【详解】考查冠词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。根据语
境可知,此处为特指这一节日,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
【考例13】.(2022年全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in
Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ______ friend of his,
Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
【答案】A
【详解】考查冠词。句意:受到在北京举行的一带一路国际合作论坛的启发,曹决定徒步旅行,以纪念古
老的丝绸之路。他的一个朋友,吴凡,在旅行中自愿做他的同伴。根据句意可知,此处泛指“他的一个朋
友”,应用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头,应用a,空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填A。
【考例14】(2022新高考I卷)Covering an area about three times ________ size of Yellowstone National Park,
the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】the
【详解】考查冠词、倍数表达法。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家
公园之一。倍数表达法之一是:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
核心考点3 零冠词的用法和含有冠词的词组辨析1.零冠词
冠词本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三
种,一种是定冠词,另一种是不定冠词,还有一种是零冠词。零冠词即是指名词前面没有不定冠词(a、
an)、定冠词(the),也没有其他限定词的现象。
2.零冠词三种基本用法
(1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名、头衔、职务的名词前,一般不加冠词。He
will take over as general manager when Mr Smith retires.
(2)表示季节、年份、日期、节日、假日和一日三餐的名词前,一般不加冠词。
We had bacon and eggs for breakfast.
(3)表示学科、球类运动和棋牌类游戏的名词前不用冠词。In that school, English is compulsory for
all students, but French and Russian are optional.
3.零冠词的其他用法
(1)系动词turn后作表语的单数可数名词前不用冠词,但名词前若有形容词作定语时,则必须加冠
词。Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer.She has turned a successful singer.
(2 )as/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果作表语的名词置于句首,习惯上单数名词前不用冠词。
Child as/though she is, she plays the violin perfectly.
(3)一人兼多种身份的情况,只在第一个名词前使用冠词,其他名词前不再使用冠词。The professor
and writer is speaking at the meeting.
(4)no与such连用时,such后的名词不用冠词。There is no such thing as a free lunch.
(5)表示泛指或一般概念的抽象名词前,即使有描绘性修饰词,仍不用冠词。I like light music very
much.注意:若表示特指,抽象名词前用定冠词。I like the music of Mozart.
(6)在通常情况下,专有名词前不用冠词。Smith lives in London.注意:若表示特指,专有名词前有
时也可以用定冠词。专有名词转化为普通名词,其前可用 a/an,表示某人或某人的一部作品、艺术品
等。He is a Newton of today.他是当代的牛顿。
(7)在某些固定短语、习惯用法中,不用冠词。
①成对使用的词,如:father and son父子;hand in hand手拉手;back to back背靠背;from time
to time有时;day in and day out日复一日。
②介词短语,如:in advance提前;by chance碰巧;at ease自由自在;in general总的来说;in place
在适当的位置;in case of万一,以防;at risk处境危险;in particular尤其,特别;on behalf of代表。③动词短语,如:pay attention to注意;make fun of取笑;make sense讲得通,有意义;give way
to让路,让步;give birth to产生,分娩;take place发生。
(巧学妙记)零冠词用法口诀
下列情况应免冠,名词之前代词限;
专有名词不可数,学科球棋三餐饭;
复数名词表泛指,星月节日四季前;
颜色语种和国名,习语称呼及头衔。
4.含有冠词的词组辨析有无冠词之差英语中有不少词组,从形式看好像只有冠词之差,而实际上却是
意义完全不同的词组。
in front of在....(外)的前面;
in the front of在…...(内)的前面
There is a garden in front of the classroom.教室前面有一个花园。(外)
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室前面有一块黑板。(内)
2.in charge of 掌管、负责; in the charge of 在....负责之下
An experienced worker is in charge of the project.一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。
The project is in the charge of an experienced worker.这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。
3. at table 在进餐、吃饭时;at the table 在桌旁
He seldom talks at table.吃饭时他很少说话。
They sat at the table,talking and laughing.他们坐在桌旁,边说边笑。
4.by day 白天、日间;by the day 按日计
He works in an office by day.他白天在办公室工作。
Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day.大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。
5.take place发生、举行;take the place(of)代替、接替
When did this conversation take place?这次谈话什么时候进行的?
Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in our country.在我们国家,电力火车已经取代
了蒸汽火车。
6.in words用语言;in a word总之
Please express your thoughts in words.请用言语表达你的想法。
In a word,I don't trust you.总之,我不相信你。7.at times有时、不时;at a time一次
I do feel a little nervous at times.有时我确实感到有些紧张。
Pass me the bricks two at a time.每次递给我两块砖。
8.little少、不多的;a little一些、一点儿
Hurry up,there is little time left.快点,时间不多了。
Don't hurry,you still have a little time.不用急,你还有时间。
9.few很少、几乎没有的;a few有些、几个
He is a man of few words.他是一个少言寡语的人。
Only a few of the children can read.只有几个孩子会阅读。
10.a most interesting 非常有趣的;the most interesting 最有趣的(形容词的最高级)
This is a most interesting story.这是一个非常有趣的故事。
This is the most interesting story of the three.这是三个故事中最有趣的一个。
11.a doctor and nurse一位医生兼护士;a doctor and a nurse一位医生和一位护士
a doctor and nurse is standing there.一位兼护士的医生正站在那儿。
a doctor and a nurse are standing there.一位医生和一位护士正站在那儿。
12.a number of 许多、好些;the number of .……的数目(后面的谓语动词用单数)
A number of students are in the classroom.许多学生在教室里。
The number of students in the classroom is forty.教室里有40个学生。
【考例15】Everything is a bit depressing at the moment, but I carry an in the belief that good times are just
___________.
A.out of date B.out of order C.around the corner D.around the clock
【答案】C
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意:现在一切都有点令人沮丧,但我坚信美好的时光即将发生。A. out of
date过时的;B. out of order无序;C. around the corner即将发生;D. around the clock昼夜不停。根据上文
“I carry an in the belief that good times are just”指坚信美好的时光即将发生。故选C。
【考例16】The company is putting more money into the building of a new factory _______ the fast growing
demand for the products in the market.
A.in response to B.in return for C.in case of D.in charge of
【答案】A
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:该公司正投入更多的资金建设新工厂,以应对市场对产品的快速增长的需求。A. in response to作为回应,应对;B. in return for作为回报;C. in case of 以防;D. in charge of负
责。结合句意可知,投入资金建新工厂的目的是应对市场对产品的快速增长的需求,in response to符合题
意。故选A。
【考例17】一Shall we go to see Midway this weekend?
— ________. I am otherwise engaged.
A.Never mind B.It's out of question
C.No problem D.It's out of the question
【答案】D
【详解】考查交际用语。——我们这个周末去看《决战中途岛》,好吗?——这是不可能的。我另有安排。
A. Never mind不要紧;B. It's out of question没问题;C. No problem没问题;D. It's out of the question这是
不可能的。根据“I am otherwise engaged.”有事情另有安排,所以是不可能去看电影的。 故选D。
第二部分 代词
核心考点1 人称代词和物主代词
1.人称代词
英语中人称代词(Personal Pronoun)意为用于直接指代人或者事物的代词,属于代词范畴,就像汉语中
的“你”、“我”、“他”。常用的英语人称代词有:I、you.he.she、it(主格)。人称代词在句中作不同成
分时有不同的形式,如:主格、宾格、第三人称单数形式等。
人称 单复数 主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词
单数 I me my mine myself
第一人称
复数 we us our ours ourselves
单数 you you your yours yourself
第二人称
复数 you you your yours yourselves
单数 he him his his himself
单数 she her her hers herself
第三人称
单数 it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
使用人称代词的注意:
(1)指代国家、城市、地球、船舶、(雌性)动物等时,一般用it,但也可用she/her(带感情色彩)。如:
China is my mother country. She is very great.
中国是我的祖国。她是一个伟大的国家。
(2)当上文提到的人的性别不明时,一般用he/him来指代。如:
Whoever told you that, he was lying.无论谁对你那样说,他都在说谎。If a person places money prior to anything else, it's very likely that he could
not enjoy the happiness in life.
如果一个人将金钱置于其他事物之前的话,那他很可能无法享受生活中的快乐。
(3)代词we, you, they有时可用于泛指一般人。如:
We ought to obey the law.大家都应遵守法律。
2.物主代词
物主代词分形容词性物主代词(my, your hi,her, ts, our, thei)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers,its,
ours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,但可以用作主语、宾
语、表语、连用of作定语。
使用物主代词的注意:
(1)要注意英语与汉语使用物主代词的差异。汉语说“我校”,说成英语应是my house,而不能是I
house。听到这个消息,他摇了摇头。
Hearing the news he shook his head.
(2)有时按汉语习惯似乎应用物主代词,而英语却要用人称代词:
这个学期谁教我们的英语?
Who will teach us English this term?
English作为一个表示语言的名词,其前不能用物主代词,除非它表示的是使用英语的水平或能力,如
可说My English is poor.我的英语(水平)不行。
【考例1】(2022年全国乙卷) The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the
ceremony, opening ______ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
【答案】its
【详解】考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真
——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填its。
【考例2】(2022年浙江模拟题一)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it
will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ________(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is
a must to visit!
【答案】mine
【详解】考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客
的记忆中。也的确停留在我的记忆中。在中国,黄山是必游之地。根据前一句“it will always stick in thevisitor's memory”可知,本句为does指代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine指代my
memory。故填mine。
【考例3】(2021全国乙卷)Ecotourism has ________(it) origin with the environmental movement of the
1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s. During that time, increasing
environmental awareness made it desirable.
【答案】its
【详解】考查代词。句意:生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。直到20世纪80年代末,它才被
广泛接受为一种旅游概念。在此期间,环境意识的提高使它成为可取的。根据空格后名词origin可知,此
处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
【考例4】(2022届河北省衡水模拟三)WINE can then heat the water to create steam to power the spacecraft
to ____6____(it) next space stop.
【答案】its
【详解】考查代词。句意:然后,WINE可以加热水,产生蒸汽,为航天器的下一个空间站提供动力。分
析句子结构可知,空格后面space stop为名词,应该用形容词来修饰。故填its。
【考例5】(2022届河北省唐山三模) some 96 percent of the surveyed youth said they were willing to
purchase guochao products…At the same time, 91.6 percent of____3____expressed their expectations for more
video programs digging deeper into traditional Chinese culture than before.
【答案】them
【详解】考查代词。句意:与此同时,91.6%的受访者表达了他们对更多比以前更深入地挖掘中国传统文
化的视频节目的期望。根据句意及句子结构可知, of是介词,此处指代the surveyed youth,表示“受访的
年轻人们”。故推知of后用第三人称代词宾格的复数。故填them。
【考例6】(2021届河北衡水第一中学三模)Attracted by all the amazing subjects and areas of study that
were available to ___7____ (he) in university, Parthiban decided to go back and seek a second degree, and then
143 more.
【答案】him
【详解】考查代词。句意:Parthiban被大学里所有令人惊叹的学科和研究领域所吸引,他决定回去攻读第
二个学位,之后又攻读143个学位。介词to后面要用人称代词的宾格,作宾语。故填him。
核心考点2 指示代词
(1)指示代词用来表示指示概念的代词,即用于指示或标识人或事物的代词,它与定冠词和人称代词一样,都有指定
的含义。它们所指代的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语言环境。
(2)基本用法
①this和these指在时间或空间上较近的人或者事物,that和those指在时间或空间上较远的人或者事物。
例如:This is a pen and that’s an eraser.
②指示代词所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境。如:That incident changed their lives. 那
次事件改变了他们的生活。
③指示代词具有名词和形容词性质,既可指人也可指物。但是在相当于名词时一般指物多于指人。
如:The boy was afraid and the dog had sensed this. 男孩害怕了,狗已经察觉到这一点。
④相当于名词的指示代词在句中作主语时,则指物指人均可。如:This is the captain speaking. 我是船长。
(电话用语。)
⑤当指示代词所指的事物已确定时,后面的指示代词则用it或they代替,尤其是在反义疑问句和简短回
答中使用。如:This sofa is expensive, isn't it?;"Are those yours?" "Yes, they are."。
【考例5】(2022天津高三上学期月考)Kerry’s teaching experience in China is quite different from________
of other foreign teachers.
A.one B.it C.this D.that
【答案】D
【详解】考查指示代词。句意:凯瑞在中国的教学经历与其他外教截然不同。A. one泛指一个;B. it它;
C. this这;D. that那。由语意可知,凯瑞的教学经历跟其他外教的教学经历是不一样的,此处应用指示代
词that特指前文的teaching experience,但属于其他外教的教学经历,同类不同物的指代用that。故选D项。
【考例6】(2022陕西高三上学期月考)The exchange student from Kenya often shares with us the news of his
country and ________ of his neighbouring countries.
A.those B.that C.it D.the ones
【答案】B
【详解】考查代词。句意:来自肯尼亚的交换生经常和我们分享他的国家以及他的邻国的新闻。A.those
替代特指的可数复数名词;B.that替代特指单数可数名词或不可数名词;C. it用作代词,代替单数可数名
词;D. the one替代特指的可数单数名词。句中news是不可数名词,所以填空的内容是指前面的the
news。故选B。
【考例7】(备考2023年高考英语考试易错题)The mistakes made by Chinese students are quite different
from _______ made by Japanese students in English study.A.it B.that C.ones D.those
【答案】D
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意:在英语学习中,中国学生所犯的错误与日本学生所犯的错误是迥然不
同的。A.it它;B.that那个;C.ones某人或某物;D.those那些。分析句意及句子结构可知,those代替前面
提到的可数名词复数,表示特指;空处在句中特指日本学生所犯的错误,且为复数概念,应填those。故选
D。
核心考点3不定代词
(1)不定代词
不定代词,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容
词的代词。
分类 例词
代替可数名词 one, each, (a) few, many, both, another, either, neither
代替不可数名词 much, little, a little
既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名
none, any, other, all, some
词
anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something,
everyone,
复合不定代词
everybody, everything
(2)易混淆的不定代词
★some类不定代词与any类不定代词
①some类不定代词多用于肯定句中;any类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。如:
I need some stamps. Are there any in your bag?
我需要一些邮票。你包里有吗?
②但在表示客气的请求或不表示怀疑或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中,要用some类的不定代词。
如:Would you like some milk in your coffee? 您的咖啡要加点牛奶吗?
③any类的不定代词用在肯定句中,表示“任何(一个);任何事情;无论什么”。如:
I'll take any you don't want. 你不要的我随便拿一个。
-Which colour do you want? -Any of them will do. “你要哪种颜色?”“随便哪种都行。”
★ all, both, neither, none
①all指三者或三者以上“都”,both指两者“都”。如:
Both of the women were French. 两名妇女都是法国人。All five men are hard workers. 五个人全都工作努力。
②neither表示“两个都不”,常和of连用,放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的复数名词之前,作
主语时,谓语时单复数都可以;none表示三个或三个以上“都不”,可用于人或物,后可接of短语,指人
时,谓语动词用单、复数皆可;指物时,只用第三人称单数形式。如:
Neither of them has/have a car. 他们两个都没有汽车。。
None of these pens works/work. 这些钢笔没有一支能用。
★any, either, each, every
①any一股用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。用在肯定句中,以加强语气,表示“任一”的概念;也可以
用来修饰可数名词单数,表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”。如:
Any teacher will tell you that students learn at different rates. 任何老师都知道学生学习有快有慢。
Any colour will do. 什么颜色都行。
以any开头的句子不可以用not来表示否定。如“Any man can' t deal with it.”应改为:No man can
deal with it.
②either作代词,表示两者中的任何一个。如:
You can keep one of the photos. Either of them—whichever you like.
你可以保留一张照片。两张里任选一张—拣你喜欢的。
There's a door at either end of the corridor.
走廊两端各有一道门。
③each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的“每个”,侧重指个体,each作代词时常与of短语连用;every指
三个或三个以上的人或物中的“每个”,有“所有,无一例外”的含义,相当于all,不能用作代词。试比较:
Each of the answers is worth 20 points. 每道答题为20分。
=Each answer is worth 20 points. 每题为20分。
Every single time he calls, I'm out. 他每次打电话来我都不在家。。
★no, none, nothing, nobody
①no不能单独使用,相当于not a(any)或not at all,作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如:
No student is to leave the room. 学生一律不许离开这房间。
There were no letters this morning. 今天早上一封信也没有。
here's no bread left. 一片面包都没有了。②none既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,用于回答how many/much引导的
疑问句,可与介词of连用。如:
We saw several houses but none we really liked. 我们看了几所房子,但都不怎么喜欢。
e told me all the news but none of it was very exciting. 他告诉了我所有的新闻,但没有一件激动
人心的。
Everybody liked him but none (= nobody) more than I. 大家都喜欢他,但谁也比不过我。
③nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑问句;nothing指物,用于回答what引导的疑问句。如:
-Who is in the tent?谁在帐篷里? 一Nobody.没人,
Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.
世上无难事,只怕有心人。
Nothing else matters to him apart from his job.
对他来说,除了工作以外,什么事都无关紧要。
★another, other, others, more
①another既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外某一个人或物”。
还可以用“another+数量词+复数名词”,表示“再,又”。如:
Would you like another drink? 还想喝一杯吗?
‘Finished?’ ‘No, I've got another three questions to do.’ “做完了?”“没有,我还有三个问题
要解答。”
We've still got another (= a further) forty miles to go. 我们还要走四十英里。
★another后可接单数名词、of加复数名词或数字加复数名词。
②other不能单独使用,应用于复数名词前,表示另外的某些人或物,也可用在some,any,no之后,或具
体数词之后,再接名词,构成"不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”;接单数名词,还可以用在冠词the后,
特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other),或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the
others),others泛指“其他的(事物),别人”。如:
He raised one arm and then the other. 他先举起一只手,然后举起另一只。
Some designs are better than others . 有一些设计比其他的好。
Are there any other questions? 还有其他问题没有?
I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳,而其他人去打网球了。
He crashed into a car coming the other way. 他撞上了迎面开来的汽车。固定搭配:another day改日; the other day几天以前/前几天。
③more既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词。一般放在some,any, much, many等不定代词及具体
数词之后,构成“不定代词或具体数词+more+名词”。如:
more bread/cars 更多的面包╱汽车
She earns a lot more than I do. 她赚的钱比我多多了。
Only two more days to go! 仅仅剩下两天了
★something , anything everything , nothing
something和anything的区别与some和any的区别相同
①everything意为“一切事物”,可用于肯定句或凝问句中。用于否定句时,表示部分否定,全部否定
要用nothing或not anything。如:
Everything had gone. 一切都过去了。
Money isn't everything. 金钱不是最重要的。
When we confronted him, he denied everything. 我们与他当面对质时,他什么都不承认。
④nothing表示“什么也没有”,常用于陈述句,表示否定意义,不能与否定词连用。如:
There's nothing you can do to help. 你什么忙也帮不上。
We did nothing at the weekend. 我们周末什么也没干。
★somebody/someone , anybody/anyone, everybody/ everyone,nobody/no one的用法同上。
★复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数;被形容词或其他的定语修饰时,定语要后置。
【考例8】(天津2022-2023高三上第二次统练)— Can I help you, sir?
— Well, I intend to purchase a gift for my buddy’s wedding anniversary, ________ at a proper price, but of great
value.
A.which B.that C.one D.it
【答案】C
【详解】考查代词。句意:——先生,我能帮你吗?——嗯,我打算为我朋友的结婚纪念日买一份礼物,
一份价格合适,但价值很高的)礼物。空后不是句子,不能用连词引导,排除A;结合句意可知,空后意
为“一份(价格合适,但价值很高的)礼物”,泛指一份礼物,用代词one作名词a gift的同位语,BD表
特指。故选C项。
【考例9】(黑龙江省2022-2023学年高三上月考)John didn’t choose any of the three jackets because he
found ________ of them satisfactory.【答案】none
【详解】考查代词。句意:这三件夹克约翰都没选,因为他觉得没有一件令人满意。根据前文的three
jackets可知,此处表示的数量多于三件衣服,同时根据句意此处表示完全否定。故填none。
核心考点4 反身代词
(1)反身代词
反身代词是一种表示反身或强调的代词。它的基本含义是:通过反身代词指代主语,使施动者把动作在
形式上反射到施动者自己。因此,反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性质、数上
保持一致。
(2)用法
①反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、井列主语,以及名词、代词的同位语
The text itself is very easy. 这篇课文本身很简单。(主语的同位语)
(Either) Jane or yourself will go there. 要么Jane去,要么你亲自去。(作并列主语,但不能单独作主语)
②主语与宾语是同一个人时,应当用反身代词
teach oneself, enjoy oneself, help oneself, throw oneself, look after oneself, say to oneself
③在系动词后作表语,常用于否定句,表示身体不适
I don" t know what' s the matter with me.I' m not myself today.
④用在交际英语中
Help yourself!随便吃!(宴请礼仪)自己拿吧!(借物用语)
Make yourself at home!别客气!
Don' tupset yourself!别自寻烦恼了!
⑤辨别几组搭配
by oneself独自,单独; for oneself独自地,靠自己的力量; of oneself自动地 ;to oneself独占,独用
【考例10】(2022届山东淄博高考三模英)Most of the winter uniforms intended for the CPVA never arrived,
leaving the soldiers with canvas (帆布) shoes and little more than thin cotton scarves to wrap ___4___ (they) in.
【答案】themselves
【详解】考查反身代词。句意:大部分给志愿军穿的棉衣棉鞋没有准时送达,使得士兵们不得不穿帆布鞋,
用单衣裹身。根据句意可知,此处表示士兵们没有冬衣,因此用单衣包裹自己,应用they的反身代词
themselves。故填themselves。
【考例11】(2022辽宁高三上学期月考)Then came the Great Western inventions. And now, we find________(us) in the great new age of technology.
【答案】ourselves
【详解】考查反身代词。句意:现在,我们发现自己进入了伟大的新技术时代。根据提示词结合主语we
可知,应填入反身代词ourselves作宾语,符合题意。故填ourselves。
【考例12】(2020新高考I卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模
拟) and imagine ______ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
【答案】themselves
【详解】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的
历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。主语与宾语
为同一个人时,宾语用反身代词。故填themselves。
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1. Zhongyuan Festival, or Ghost Festival, is not a sad day, but time to celebrate ____________reunion (重聚) of
families.
2. I was ______ only girl in a rugby club of 200 boys.
3. It’s the first time for me to speak to so large______audience, so I feel a little nervous.
4. Born in a town on the southern edge of the Mu Us Desert, Shi remembers how sandstorms easily destroyed the
crops the villagers had grown and made their life __________ misery.
5. The sale of saltpeter(硝酸盐)to foreigners was banned in 1076. Nonetheless, knowledge of the miraculous
substance was carried along the Silk Road to India, the Middle East, and Europe. In 1267,_______ European writer
made reference to gunpowder, and in 1280 the first recipes for the explosive mixture were published in the west.
China’s secret was out.
6. Besides those measures in schools, 47 football training camps have also been built in _________effort to
promote the sport among young people.
7. “Our ocean has been driven to breaking point during ________ past few years but it’s a story that doesn’t get
told often enough,” says Will Mccallum, head of ocean at Greenpeace UK.
8. This session of Hainan Island Carnival digs deep into all the possible “joyful elements” and fully displays the
rich and unique tourism and cultural resources of Hainan so as to engage both tourists and residents to actively
participate and interact in building Hainan Island into _________ joyful destination for visitors around the world.9. One of the biggest themes at this year’s CES tech show was electric and autonomous transportation — cars,
trucks, bikes, boats. And, it turns out, tractors.Farm-equipment giant Deere showed a new autonomous tractor with
_________ attached tillage (耕作) tool at CES.
10. Wikipedia employs_________open editing model. Except for a small number of pages, anyone can edit
articles, anonymously(匿名地) or with a user account.
11. “Despite a history of more than 3,000 years, the image of flower arrangement sometimes is still limited
bunches of flowers in flower shops.” Zhang Yan, _________ master of the art, said.
12. Over the past year, she has been actively engaged in searching international connections in
_________healthcare industry, first for China and later on for her own country. Thanks to the network she built
through Tsinghua, she was able to organize donation of personal protective equipment for both China and her own
country.
13. Therefore, it is important that the whole society help create ________ barrier-free environment for them.
14. Some Lu is even alcoholic: Zao Lu is ________ light one made from the fermented rice remains from making
Chinese yellow wine. Zao Lu is used across south-eastern China to season vegetables.
15. It was worth __________ cost, Alcaraz felt, because she could tell the staff cared about her daughter, greeting
the 16-month-old by name each morning.
16. A card with a personalized QR code will be shown before residents enter a facility and staff from the facility
should scan the code with ________ application.
17. Friendship appears to be ________ unique form of human bonding.
18. While rock climbing is ________ extreme sport, most people use ropes and a harness(背带) to stay safe. The
ropes will catch you if you fall. ________ others, like 31-year-old US climber Alex, make rock climbing even
_______(crazy).
19. Sisal(剑麻) and seagrass are some of the options available if you’re looking for ________ sustainable material
and want to embrace their raw, organic look.
20. Enjoying ________ total investment of 31.17 billion yuan, the trip between the two cities will only take 40
minutes ________ the train will travel at an average of 250 km/h.
21. Degarabedian added that the film was able to deliver family-friendly entertainment to ______ enthusiastic
global audience on “an advantageous release date”, _________ helped to strengthen Disney’s position as the
highest-grossing studio this year.
22. If you do that, traffic will fall into _________ more natural pattern called a “Zipper merge”,__________(mean) there are no surprise, no sudden braking, and a smoother transition from one lane to another.
23. So hearing Mandarin(普通话) is kind of ________ huge shock to some British people, who think it sounds
completely different from the words they have heard!
24. If the Taj Mahal is a __________(celebrate) of the heart, then the Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing
Dynasties are ________ monument to the mind and spirit.
25. There once were a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed ________ goat and gave the donkey medicine
made from its heart.
26. I couldn’t believe ________ when I heard he did around 250 paintings of the same water lily pond, all in
different colours and styles. (用适当的词填空)
27. He makes _________ a rule never to borrow money from friends.
28. Some graduates find it _________(challenge) to find a job after graduation.
29. I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight, and it’s worth __________.
30. We find ______ necessary but challenging to spread Chinese culture worldwide effectively.
31. When it was impossible for ________ (I) to row my boat, I tied it to my waist and pulled it behind me, with my
pants rolled to my knees.
32. No matter when I go to a post office and no matter where the post office is, I always find ________ (me)
standing in a line behind someone who has a lot of business to do.
33. I wish to thank Mr. Smith, and without ________(he) help I would never have got this far.
34. If you want to go to the party with me, you should behave ________(you) well.
35. My father kept ________ (him) word and treated me to a wonderful sightseeing trip after I won the contest.
36. However, he later finds out that his father was a wizard, and that his mother was a witch, both of
________(they)murdered by an evil wizard.
37. The girl was sitting on the chair quietly, burying ________ (she) in the magazine in the hands.
38. —Jack, can’t you behave ________ (you)? You’re no longer a kid.
—Sorry, Daddy. It won’t happen again.
39. The self-portrait is nothing new. Painters and photographers have always used _________(they) as subjects.
Today, however, almost everyone walks around with a camera in his or her pocket. This is________ most
cellphones have cameras on them.
40. __________ Disney shows to the world is that it once again continues to benefit a lot from ________ (it) 2019
strategy.
41. Some high schools in the UK will remove analog clocks(石英钟) ________ exam halls and us digital________ instead.
42. Several more excellent concerts will be held next month. We can attend all of ________.
43. They took a pleasant journey to Sanya last week, where the blue water literally took___________(they) breath
away with its exceptional beauty.
44. I explained every step of the process in detail, which made ________ possible for them to understand how to
make tea.
45. Participating in arts can encourage children to express ________ (they) in constructive ways.
46. A study shows that the students who are engaged in after-school activities are active than ________ who are
not.
47. John didn’t choose any of the three jackets because he found ________ of them satisfactory.
48. The Internet has made ________ possible for us to buy a variety of goods at home.
49. I find________important that we should keep calm in face of danger.
50. Cloud-based office tools make________ easier for people to work at home.
二、语法填空
1
Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary
It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it's ___51___ongoing
process, and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, ___52___means you'll just
keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn't think that a few ___53___(month) of
exercise in your teens would be enough ___54___ the rest of your life, and that's also true for building your
vocabulary--you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.
One of the ___55___(effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to ___56___(real) read at
least one good book a week, preferably a classic. This isn't as hard as it ___57___(sound), and it is far better than
any other method because you improve your vocabulary while ___58___(read) an interesting piece of literature.
Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and ___59___(they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will
tend to use the words ___60___(learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.
2
阅读下列短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 56-year-old enthusiastic backyard bird watcher named Stuart Dahlquist spent years leaving out food for a
family of crows (乌鸦) and was ____61____ (astonish) when he found a gift from them. He first became familiarwith the bird family after he rescued two baby birds that had come ____62____ their nest in his front yard five
years ago.
Dahlquist had always thought ____63____ delightful to listen to the baby ____64____ (crow) chirp (鸟叫)
to their parents during feeding time. When he found the tiny crows ____65____ (lie) on the ground, he went to
help. Despite the alarm from the adults birds, Dahlquist managed to pick up the chicks and put them back in the
nest. He even left out food and water at the base of the tree in case they fell ____66____second time. He then
began regularly throwing bird food into his front yard, and the crows ____67____ (obvious) took notice of it.
One day Dahlquist was preparing for his daily feeding routine ____68____ he found a sprig (枝) left in the
exact place ____69____he fed the crows. The next day, he _____70_____ (offer) another one and he was amazed
by the discovery.
3
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The year 2021 marked the 10th anniversary of the nutrition improvement plan. ____71____(release) in 2011,
it aims to ensure that young people in the countryside ____72____ (receive) compulsory education (义务教育) at
school can also enjoy daily lunches that are nutritious and rather ____73____(taste).
Thanks to 10 years of effort, so far the program ____74____ (cover) more than 130, 000 primary and middle
schools in rural areas in 1, 732 counties in 28 provincial-level regions across China. Almost 38 million students
have benefited from the program. In rural areas in Guizhou, Qinghai and Gansu, students no longer have to take
lunch to school.
More ____75____ (significant), rural students in China have grown taller and healthier on average over the
past decade, as noted by an evaluation report of the nutrition improvement plan. The report stated that in China’s
rural areas, 15-year-old males were an average of 10cm taller ____76____ females of the same age were 8cm taller
in 2020 than in 2012.
Such a remarkable ____77____ (achieve) could not have been made without efforts from all involved, noted
CCTV news. To make full use of the subsidy (财政补贴) from the project and avoid food waste, Danjiang Middle
School in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region had the smart idea to serve the school lunches ____78____ the
form of a buffet (自助餐).
Ma Youlan, ____79____ occupation is a cook, has been serving the Daping Primary School for10 years. “I’m
doing this for the health and happiness of the students... They tell me that there’s a wide _____80_____(various) of
foods at school, better than what they have at home,” Ma said.4
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s common that there are ____81____(heat) arguments and cold silences between teenagers and their
parents.
Teenagers’ physical changes may result ____82____ such family tensions. Parents may become teenagers’
first targets of their anger because they may feel ____83____(anxiety) when developing at a different rate to their
friends, shooting up in ____84____(high) or getting left far behind, and they might worry about their changing
voice, weight problems or spots.
It is also difficult to balance their developing mental needs. They enter a strange middle ground — no longer a
small child but not quite ____85____ adult, having both a new desire for independence and a continued need for
their parents’ love and support. They feel ready to be more responsible and make decisions on ____86____(they)
own. ____87____(Unfortunate), their parents do not always agree. So they need struggle ____88____(control)
their feelings, while at the same time they wish their parents could be more caring and patient. However, their
parents treat them like a child ____89____ expect them to act like an adult. All of this can lead to a breakdown in
their relationship.
Anyhow, teenagers need to improve the situation. The key to ____90____(keep) peace is regular and honest
communication.
5
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In central China, there is a mysterious forests region. According to Chinese mythology (神话), Shennong, one
of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, also known as Yandi, once tested a variety of herbs himself ____91____
(find) the right one that would save the sick. Another widely circulated tale around the place is that wild men were
once spotted.
Legend has it ____92____ during Shennong’s journey, he came across a steep mountain covered with dense
forests. He built a wooden ladder, and climbed up the mountain, ____93____ (discover) 400 kinds of medicinal
herbs. In memory of his contribution to the health of society, the mountain was named Shennongjia,
which____94____ (literal) means “Shennong ladder.”
Shennongjia ____95____ (locate) in the northwestern part of Hubei Province, bordering the Yangtze River in
the south and facing the Wudang Mountains in the north. It is a place ____96____ the Daba Mountain Range and
the Qinling Mountains meet. It spans ____97____ area of around 3,250 square kilometers, with the highest peak,the Shennong Peak, reaching 3,106.2 meters in height, and the lowest point, the Shizhu River Valley, only 398
meters ____98____ sea level.
One of the first things many people learn about Shennongjia ____99____ (be) the tale of the wild man, but
after visiting the area, they find that the pristine (原始状态的) natural landscape and biological_____100_____
(diverse) in that area add more mysteries to this region.
6
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New books and old ones arrived at the British Museum a hundred years ago, and more people came
____101____ (read) them. The old reading rooms were ____102____ (crowd). The air was bad and readers got
terrible headaches. The librarian, Panizzi, wanted poor students, as ____103____ as rich men, to be able to learn.
He got a free copy of every new book for the British Museum. Soon, there were three rows ____104____ books on
every shelf and hundreds of books on the floor. Something cheerful happened. Panizzi ____105____ (he) designed
the famous round Reading Room, with a beautiful high roof and forty kilometers of ____106____ (bookshelf).
Some of the ____107____ (equip) was unusual. Cool air came up through small holes in the tables. Hot air in tubes
under the floor kept readers’ feet warm. When the new Reading Room opened, there was a party with drinks and a
large breakfast on the desks. You can imagine ____108____ wonderful the new Reading Room is! Since then,
many famous men ____109____ (write) there. And the readers can enjoy all kinds of books _____110_____
(comfortable) in the new Reading Room.
7
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Effect of green diets
Vegetarian and vegan (严格的素食主义) diets are popular, and many consider them to be overall healthier.
However, a new study has showed those who remove meat____111____their diets may be at a____112____(high)
risk of bone fractures (骨折).
____113____(Researcher) at Oxford and Bristol universities analyzed data from nearly 55,000 men and
women____114____(live) in the UK, including people who eat meat____115____people who are vegetarians and
vegans. The scientists____116____followed the participants for 17 years on average monitored their hospital
records and death certificates.
Over the course of the study, the scientists____117____(find) vegans had more chances of total fractures. And
it resulted in close to 20 more cases per 1,000 people over a 10-year period ____118____(compare) to people whoate meat.
The finding has raised concerns. The National Health Service of the United Kingdom recommends that
vegetarians____119____(careful) consider their intake of adequate calcium, iron and vitamin
B12_____120_____(keep) a balanced diet.
8
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the not-too-distant future, we ____121____ (live) in smart homes ____122____ will keep us secure, save
us energy, and provide a more comfortable environment. Intelligent controls will control just about everything in
our home. For example, they will use integrated ____123____ (sensor) to go into an energy-efficient mode when
we leave home while ____124____ instant we get home, we’ll find everything ____125____ (prepare) for us,
including dinner, our favourite music or TV programmes. In addition, smart homes will be monitoring our health
every day. If they find there is something ____126____ (normal) or we have a critical illness, they will give us a
warning early on and ____127____ (potential) save our life. Smart homes will also be able to prevent serious
damage from accidents. If they find something wrong, they will detect it and provide us ____128____ the relevant
information for us ____129____ (fix) the problem.
In a word, this smart technology is not a fantasy. Nevertheless, it will be some years ____130____ most new
homes begin to use it.
9
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
At the end of May, events were held to honor the 110th anniversary of the birth of nuclear physicist Wu Chien-
shiung.______131______(compare) with physicists such as Marie Curie, Wu is not a household name in China, but
she was one of the most important nuclear physicists of the 20th century, who changed human’s view
of_____132_____universe.
Wu was born on May 31, 1912, in Taicang,___133___the Yangtze River flows into the East Sea. Her father,
Wu Zhongyi,___134___(found) the first school for girls in Taicang in 1913. He aimed_____135_____(break) the
old belief that it was women’s virtue to have no talents. The father, _____136_____ (absorb) the merits (长处) of
Western ideas while bearing the great thoughts rooted deep in Chinese culture in mind, made a real impact
_____137_____Wu Chien-shiung’s life.
She spent most of her life in the US, but always wore qipao, a_____138_____( tradition) Chinese dress.
Working in the scientific world dominated (主宰) by men, she never gave up or lowered her standards evenif___139___(unequal) treated.
During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s great____140____(achievement) won her nicknames
such as “Chinese Madame Curie”, “queen of nuclear research “and “first lady of physics”.
10
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The COVID-19 pandemic has made people’s life tough. Petra Bignami, ___141___ mom of three in
Brookline, started a project to encourage her three kids and neighbors.
It is called Project Hope. Petra wanted to focus on ___142___ to stay hopeful to enable people to have more
___143___ (confident) in the future. The family placed pens and paper hearts outside their home to encourage
people to write a message on the paper hearts. Now each day they get ___144___ (high) encouraging messages
from neighbors and people walking by. The messages ___145___ (leave) by people include: “Keep calm and rise
above”, and “Be kind to others — we don’t know what diffculties they have”. These messages help everyone who
finds ___146___ hard to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic know there are much ___147___ (sunny) days
ahead.
“This makes us feel like we are part ___148___ a bigger group. It can help us get through the darkness of the
pandemic,” Petra explained. The project ___149___ (create) in September last year, and so far, there have been
over 1,000 paper hearts ___150___ people wrote messages. The number keeps growing at present.
参考答案
一、
1. the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:中元节,又称鬼节,不是一个悲伤的日子,而是庆祝家人团聚的时刻。根据句
意及所给句子可知,此处特指“家人团聚”,应用定冠词。故填the。
2. the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:我是200个男孩组成的橄榄球俱乐部里唯一的女孩。结合句意表示“唯一的”
是特指,用the only。故填the。
3. an
【解析】考查冠词。句意:这是我第一次对如此多的一群观众说话,所以我感到有点紧张不安。根据下文
audience可知,该空应当填冠词,表泛指,又因为 audience是集合名词,元音音素开头,an audience指的
是一群观众,故填an。4. a
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:石出生在毛乌素沙漠南缘的一个小镇上,他记得沙尘暴如何轻易地摧毁了
村民们种植的庄稼,并使他们的生活变得悲惨。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短语“make one’s life a
misery”,意为“使某人的生活悲惨”,故空格处应用不定冠词a。故填a。
5. a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:1076年禁止向外国人出售硝酸盐)。尽管如此,这种神奇物质的知识还是沿着
丝绸之路传到了印度、中东和欧洲。1267年,一位欧洲作家提到了火药,1280年,西方出版了第一批火药
配方。分析句子可知,空后的writer为可数名词,此处泛指一个作家,应用不定冠词,且European的发音
是以辅音音素开头,此处应为不定冠词a。故填a。
6. an
【解析】考查冠词。句意:为了努力在年轻人中推广这一运动,除了校内的这些举措外,还要建立47个足
球训练营。分析句子结构可知,固定短语in an effort to do表示“努力做某事”。故填an。
7. the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:“在过去几年中,我们的海洋已经到了崩溃的边缘,但这是一个没有被经常讲
述的故事,”英国绿色和平组织(Greenpeace UK)海洋主管Will Mccallum说。此处特指“过去几年”,用
定冠词the表特指。故填the。
8. a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:海南岛本届狂欢节深入地讲述了所有可能的“快乐的元素”,充分显示了丰富
而独特的海南旅游和文化资源,吸引游客和居民积极参与和互动海南岛建设成为快乐的目的地为世界各地
的游客。destination在句中表泛指,前面需加不定冠词,joyful是辅音音素开头,因此不定冠词用a,故填
a。
9. an
【解析】考查冠词。句意:在今年的 CES 技术展上,最大的主题之一是电动和自动交通——汽车、卡车、
自行车和船只。拖拉机也是其中之一。农业设备巨头迪尔公司(Deere)在CES上展示了一款带有耕作工具的
新型自动拖拉机。一个附带的耕作工具。此处修饰单数可数名词 tool,表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且
attached发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
10. an
【解析】考查不定冠词。句意:维基百科采用开放编辑模式。除了少量页面外,任何人都可以匿名或使用
用户帐户编辑文章。model是可数名词,此处泛指“一个开放的编辑模式”,应用不定冠词,open是以元
音音素开头,故填an。11. a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:艺术大师张彦说:“尽管有3000多年的历史,插花的形象有时还是局限于花店
的花束。”分析句子可知,master为可数名词,此处为泛指且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠
词a。故填a。
12. the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:在过去的一年里,她一直积极寻找医疗行业的国际联系,先是为中国,后来为
她自己的国家。由于她通过清华建立的网络,她能够组织捐赠个人防护装备给中国和她自己的国家。分析
句子可知,空处应为冠词,特指“……的产业或行业”,用定冠词the。故填the。
13. a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:因此,全社会帮忙为他们创造一个无障碍环境很重要。分析句子结构可知,空
格后有名词单数形式environment,这里泛指,表示“一个”,应用不定冠词修饰,且barrier-free的发音是
辅音音素开头,故填a。
14. a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:有些卤菜甚至含酒精:早露是一种清淡的酒,用中国黄酒酿造的发酵大米残渣
制成。早露在中国东南部被用来给蔬菜调味。根据语境可知,早露是一种清淡的酒,所以要用不定冠词表
示泛指,空后的单词为辅音音素开始的单词,要用不定冠词a。故填a。
15. the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:阿尔卡拉茨觉得这是值得的,因为她可以看得出来工作人员很关心她的女儿,
每天早上工作人员都能叫出她16个月大的女儿的名字。根据句意可知,这里的“费用”cost应指的是前文
提到的“费用”,特指那个费用,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
16. an
【解析】考查冠词。句意:居民进入设施前,会出示带有个性化二维码的卡片,设施工作人员需要扫描二
维码申请。分析句子可知,空后application为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且application发音以元音音素开
头,需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
17. a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:友谊似乎是人类纽带的一种独特形式。在句中form指的“类型、形式”是可数
名词,短语a form of意为“一种……的形式”,在句中表泛指,空后的unique发音以辅音音素开头,所以
用不定冠词a。故填a。
18. an But crazier
【解析】考查冠词、连词和形容词比较级。句意:虽然攀岩是一项极限运动,但大多数人使用绳索和安全带保持安全。如果你跌倒,绳子会抓住你的。但其他人,如31岁的美国登山运动员亚历克斯,则使攀岩变
得更加疯狂。分析句子可知,第一空应填冠词,泛指攀岩是一项极限运动,且extreme为元音音素开始的
单词,所以应填an;第二空由前文“most people use ropes and a harness) to stay safe.”和后文可知,Alex与
众不同,所以这里应填but表转折关系;第三空中,此空应填形容词作宾补,且even后面应用形容词的比
较级,所以这里应填crazier。故填an;But;crazier。
19. a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:如果你正在寻找一种可持续的材料,并想拥抱它们的原始、有机外观,剑麻和
海草是一些可用的选择。material“材料”是可数名词,此处表泛指,应用不定冠词修饰,且 sustainable的
发音是辅音音素开头,故填a。
20. a as/because
【解析】考查冠词和状语从句。句意:总投资311.7亿元,由于列车平均时速250公里,往返两地仅需40
分钟。第一空表示“总计”短语为a total of;第二空引导原因状语从句,表示“因为,由于”应用as或
because。故填①a;②as/because。
21. an which
【解析】考查冠词和连词。句意:Degaradedian补充道,这部电影能够在“有利的上映日期”为热情的全
球观众提供家庭友好的娱乐,这有助于巩固迪士尼作为今年票房最高的制片厂的地位。分析句子可知,第
一空表示“具体的观众群体”时,audience 常视为可数名词,此处泛指“一群热情的全球观众”,
enthusiastic的发音以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词 an;而第二空考查非限定性定语从句,关系词指代前面
整个主句内容并在从句中作主语,应填which。故填an;which。
22. a meaning
【解析】考查冠词和非谓语动词。句意:如果你这样做,交通将进入一种更自然的模式,称为“拉链合
并”,这意味着没有意外,没有突然刹车,从一个车道到另一个车道的过渡更顺利。第一空根据句意可知
是表示“一种更自然的模式”,表示泛指,故填不定冠词,且more的发音是辅音音素开头,应填a;第二
空分析句子成分可知,句子谓语为will,所以空处需要填非谓语的形式表“意味着”,和逻辑主语(上文
句子)为主动关系,应用现在分词。故填a,meaning。
23. a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:因此,听到普通话让一些英国人大为惊讶,他们认为这听起来与他们听到的单
词完全不同!shock作“震惊的事情”时是可数名词,此处为泛指,应用不定冠词,且 huge的发音以辅音
音素开头,故填a。
24. celebration a【解析】考查名词和冠词。句意:如果说泰姬陵是心灵的庆典,那么明清帝陵就是心灵和精神的丰碑。第
一空短语a celebration of表示“庆祝……”;第二空monument 为可数名词,此处为泛指且是发音以辅音
音素开头的单词,应用a。故填①celebration;②a。
25. the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:从前有一只山羊和一头驴……农夫就把山羊杀了,用它的心脏做的药给驴吃。
分析句子可知,设空处位于名词goat前,根据后面and gave the donkey及句意可知,此处特指那只山羊,
应用定冠词the。故填the。
26. it
【解析】考查代词。句意:当我听说他为同一个睡莲池做了大约250幅画作时,我简直不敢相信,所有画
的颜色和风格都不同。分析句子可知,此处应使用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面when引导的时间状
语从句。故填it。
27. it
【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意:他照例从不向人借钱。分析句子成分可知,本句使用“make + 宾语
+宾补”结构,在该结构中,不定式作宾语时通常后置,用“it”替代其位置,作形式宾语,本句中“never
to borrow money”为真正宾语,“make it a rule to do sth”可译为“把做某事作为惯例,照例做某事”,为固
定短语,故填it。
28. challenging
【解析】考查形容词。句意:一些毕业生发现毕业后找一份合适的工作充满了挑战。find it+形容词+to do
意为“发现做……是……”,其中 it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的 to do,所以此处应用形容词
challenging,意为“充满挑战的”,作宾补,故填challenging。
29. it
【解析】考查代词。句意:今晚我不远万里来到这里,就是为了站在这扇门里,这是值得的。结合句意空
处应填代词it,作宾语,be worth it意为“值得”。故填it。
30. it
【解析】考查固定句型。句意:我们认为,有效地向世界传播中华传统文化很难但很有必要。固定结构
find it + adj. + to do sth.意为“发现做某事是很……样的”,其中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式结构。
故填it。
31. me
【解析】考查代词。句意:当我的船划不动时,我就把它系在腰间,拉在身后,把裤子卷到膝盖处。设空前面为介词,应当使用代词的宾格形式。根据句意,故填me。
32. myself
【解析】考查代词。句意:不管我什么时候去邮局也不管邮局在哪儿,我总是发现自己排在某个有许多业
务要办理的人的后边。本句主语是I,结合句意,此处表示 “发现自己……”,find oneself doing sth.意为
“发现自己正在做某事”,所以应填反身代词myself,作宾语。故填myself。
33. his
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意:我要感谢史密斯先生,如果没有他的帮助,我不可能走到今天这
一步。结合句意空处应填形容词性物主代词,作定语,修饰名词help,所以空格处应填his。故填his.
34. yourself
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:如果你想和我一起去参加聚会,你应该表现得很好。动词短语 behave
oneself 意为 “表现好;懂规矩”,固定搭配。故填yourself。
35. his
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意:我赢得比赛后,我父亲遵守了他的诺言,带我去游览了一番。
keep one’s word意为 “守信;遵守诺言”,固定搭配。故填his。
36. them
【解析】考查人称代词。句意:然而,他后来发现他的父亲是一个巫师,他的母亲是一个女巫,他们都被
一个邪恶的巫师谋杀了。空处所在部分为独立主格结构,结合句意及空前的介词 of,可知应填人称代词的
宾格形式them。故填them。
37. herself
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:女孩安静地坐在椅子上,专心看杂志。结合句意空处应填反身代词
herself,bury oneself in...意为“埋头于……;专心致至于……”,固定搭配。故填herself。
38. yourself
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:——Jack,你就不能规矩一点吗?你不再是个孩子了。——抱歉,爸爸。
它不会再发生了。空处作behave的宾语,和主语是同一指代对象,且此处指Jack一个人,应用反身代词
yourself,behave oneself“守规矩,表现得体”。故填yourself。
39. themselves because
【解析】考查反身代词和表语从句。句意:自拍不是什么新鲜事。画家和摄影师一直以自己为题材。然而
在今天,几乎每个人都在口袋里带着相机四处走动。这是因为大多数手机上都有摄像头。由句意可知,空
①在句中作宾语,指代主语Painters and photographers,主语和宾语指代同一人的时候宾语用反身代词,所
以空①填themselves。分析句子结构,空②置于系动词is后,引导表语从句,结合前后文句意,该空填连接词because,构成句型:This is because…“这是因为……”。故答案为themselves;because。
40. What its
【解析】考查主语从句和代词。句意:迪士尼向世界展示的是,它再次从2019年的战略中获益良多。第一
空引导主语从句,从句缺少宾语,指事物应用 what,句首单词首字母要大写;第二空修饰名词strategy应
用形容词性物主代词its。故填①What;②its。
41. from ones
【解析】考查介词和代词。句意:英国的一些高中将从考场撤掉模拟时钟,而改用数字时钟。第一空
remove...from...为固定短语,意为“从……除去……”;第二空代指“clocks”,表示泛指,需用代词
ones。故填①from②ones。
42. them
【解析】考查代词。句意:下个月还将举行几场精彩的音乐会。我们可以全部参加。空前有介词 of,代替
前文提到的“several more excellent concerts”作宾语,应用them。故填them。
43. their
【解析】考查代词。句意:上周,他们愉快地去了三亚,那里蔚蓝的海水以其无与伦比的美丽让他们惊叹
不已。修饰名词breath需用they对应的形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
44. it
【解析】考查固定用法。句意:我详细地解释了过程的每一步,这让他们理解如何泡茶成为可能。固定用
法make it + adj. (for/to sb.) + to do sth.表示“使得做某事对于某人来说是……的”,it是形式宾语,真正的
宾语是to do sth.。故此处应填it做形式宾语。故填it。
45. themselves
【解析】考查代词。句意:参加艺术活动可以鼓励孩子们以建设性的方式表达自己。分析句子,设空处应
该使用反身代词作宾语。they的反身代词是themselves,意为“他们自己”。故填themselves。
46. those
【解析】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课后活动的学生比不参加课余活动的学生活跃。该空和后
面句子构成限制性定语从句,该空为先行词(名词或代词),空格处与上文the students是对应关系,可以
用those,相当于the students。故填those。
47. none
【解析】考查代词。句意:这三件夹克约翰都没选,因为他觉得没有一件令人满意。根据前文的 three
jackets可知,此处表示的数量多于三件衣服,同时根据句意此处表示完全否定。故填none。
48. it【解析】考查代词。句意:互联网使我们可以在家里买到各种各样的商品。此处为固定句型:make it+形
容词+for sb to do sth,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是to do sth。故填it。
49. it
【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意:我发现面临危险,我们应该保持冷静是重要的。分析可孩子,本句使
用了find it + 形容词+ that从句的句型,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为that从句,所以此处用it,故填it。
50. it
【解析】考查it用法。句意:基于云的办公工具使人们更容易在家里工作。此处为 make it adj. for sb. to do
sth.结构,it作形式宾语,故填it。
二、
1
51. an 52. which 53. months 54. for 55. most effective 56. really 57. sounds 58. reading 59.
their 60. learned
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了轻松积累词汇的几种方法。
51. 考查冠词。句意:和生活中许多事情一样,积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程。由语境可知填“一
个”,欧宁以元音音素开头, “一个”用不定冠词an表示泛指。故填an。
52. 考查定语从句关系词。句意:通过分析句子结构可知,_______means you'll just keep getting better and
better.是定语从句,空白处所填的词指代逗号前的there’s enough room for improvement,which在句中为关
系代词,引导非限定性定语从句,并在句中作主语。故填which。
53. 考查名词单复数。句意:你认为青少年时期几个月的记忆锻炼不够。month为可数名词,且由a few可
知month应用复数形式。故填months。
54. 考查介词。句意:几个月的记忆锻炼对于余生是不够的。be enough for sth 对······已足够。故填介词
for。
55. 考查形容词最高级。句意:读好书是扩大词汇量最有效的方法之一。此处要表达的是“最有效的方法
之一”,因此填most effective。
56. 考查词性转换。句意:你需要一周至少真正读一本书。此处应用副词修饰动词 read,因此填really。
57. 考查谓语动词。句意:这件事并不像听起来那么难。描述的是一般事实,而且主语为 it,因此用sound
的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填sounds.
58. 考查非谓语动词。句意:你在阅读一篇有趣的文学故事时增长词汇量。逻辑主语you与动词read为主
动关系,故用现在分词reading ... 作状语;也可视为状语从句while you are reading... 的省略形式。故填
reading。59. 考查代词。句意:另一个好处是你不知不觉中学习到了新词和它们的用法。use在此处是名词,故用形
容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。
60. 考查非谓语动词。句意:你自然会在对话中使用这些词汇。learned / learnt作后置定语修饰words,表
示“已学过的词”, words与learn是被动的关系,因此用过去分词。故填learned/learnt。
2
61. astonished 62. off 63. it 64. crows 65. lying 66. a 67. obviously 68. when 69. where 70.
was offered
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了56岁的斯图尔特·达奎斯特是一位热心的观鸟者,一次喂食
过程中救助了两只乌鸦雏鸟,在坚持为这个乌鸦家庭投喂食物多年后,他收到了乌鸦给他的回赠。
61. 考查形容词。句意:56岁的斯图尔特·达尔奎斯特是一位热心的后院观鸟者,他花了多年时间为乌鸦一
家准备食物,当他发现乌鸦送给他的礼物时,他惊呆了。句中用形容词作表语,主语是人,所以应用-ed
形式的形容词。故填astonished。
62. 考查介词。句意:他第一次熟悉这个鸟家族是在五年前他在他的前院救了两只从巢里掉出来的鸟宝宝
之后。come off,固定短语,意为“从……掉下”。故填off。
63. 考查代词。句意:达尔奎斯特一直认为,在喂食时间听小乌鸦向父母啁啾是一件很愉快的事。空格处
用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式。故填it。
64. 考查名词的数。句意:达尔奎斯特一直认为,在喂食时间听小乌鸦向父母啁啾是一件很愉快的事。根
据前文two baby birds可知,是两只小乌鸦,所以用名词的复数形式。故填crows。
65. 考查非谓语动词。句意:当他发现小乌鸦躺在地上时,他去帮忙。动词 found后的宾语the tiny crows
与lie之间是主动关系,因此要用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填lying。
66. 考查冠词。句意:他甚至在树下留下食物和水,以防它们再次掉落。a/an+序数词+time,意为“再一次;
又一次”。second发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
67. 考查副词。句意:然后他开始定期向前院投掷鸟食,乌鸦们显然注意到了。分析可知,副词作状语修
饰之后动词took。故填obviously。
68. 考查连词。句意:一天,当达尔奎斯特准备他每天的喂食时,突然他惊讶地发现一根装饰有苏打罐头
标签的冷杉树枝。be doing sth….when...为固定句型,意为“正在做某事时,突然……”。故填when。
69. 考查定语从句。句意:不仅如此,它还被留在了他喂乌鸦的确切地点。句中先行词为 the exact place,在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
70. 考查时态和语态。句意:第二天,他又被给了一块,这一发现让他大吃一惊。分析可知,所填动词应
是句子谓语,结合前文可知与主语he之间为被动关系,结合语境可知应是一般过去时被动语态,主语为
he,be动词用was。故填was offered。
3
71. Released 72. receiving 73. tasty 74. has covered 75. significantly 76. and/while 77.
achievement 78. in 79. whose 80. variety
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了2021年是营养改善计划实施10周年。该计划于2011年发布,旨在
确保在农村接受义务教育的在校学生也能享受到营养丰富、美味可口的日常午餐。经过10年的努力,到目
前为止,该项目已经覆盖了全国28个省级地区1732个县的13万多所农村中小学。
71. 考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划于2011年发布,旨在确保在农村接受义务教育的在校学生也能享受到
营养丰富、美味可口的日常午餐。分析句子结构可知release与逻辑主语it构成被动关系,故用过去分词作
状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Released。
72. 考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划于2011年发布,旨在确保在农村接受义务教育的在校学生也能享受到
营养丰富、美味可口的日常午餐。分析句子结构可知 receive与逻辑主语young people构成主动关系,故用
现在分词作定语。故填receiving。
73. 考查形容词。句意:该计划于2011年发布,旨在确保在农村接受义务教育的在校学生也能享受到营养
丰富、美味可口的日常午餐。作表语,应用形容词tasty。故填tasty。
74. 考查时态。句意:经过10年的努力,到目前为止,该项目已经覆盖了全国28个省级地区1732个县的
13 万多所农村中小学。根据 so far 可知为现在完成时,主语为 the program,助动词用 has。故填 has
covered。
75. 考查副词。句意:更重要的是,营养改善计划的一份评估报告指出,在过去十年里,中国农村学生的
平均身高和健康水平都有所提高。短语more significantly表示“更重要的是”。故填significantly。
76. 考查连词。句意:报告称,2020年,中国农村地区15岁男性平均身高比2012年高10厘米,同龄女性
平均身高比2012年高8厘米。此处前后文为并列关系或理解为对比关系,应用连词 and或while。故填
and/while。
77. 考查名词。句意:CCTV新闻指出,这一成就离不开各方的努力。作主语,表示“成就”应用名词
achievement,不定冠词提示用单数。故填achievement。
78. 考查介词。句意:为了充分利用项目的补贴,避免食物浪费,广西壮族自治区的丹江中学想出了一个
聪明的主意,将学校午餐以自助餐的形式提供。短语in the form of表示“以……的形式”。故填in。79. 考查定语从句。句意:马友兰是一名厨师,已经在大坪小学服务了10年。非限制性定语从句修饰先行
词Ma Youlan,在从句中作定语,与occupation是所属关系,用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
80. 考查名词。句意:他们告诉我学校的食物种类繁多,比家里的好吃多了。短语a wide variety of表示
“多种多样的,很多的”。故填variety。
4
81. heated 82. in 83. anxious 84. height 85. an 86. their 87. Unfortunately 88. to control 89.
but 90. keeping
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了青少年和父母之间出现争吵和冷漠的沉默的原因。
81. 考查形容词。句意:青少年和父母之间激烈的争吵和冷漠的沉默是很常见的。根据句意和所给单词
heat以及空格后的名词arguments可知,空格处应该填入一个形容词作定语,修饰后面的名词 arguments,
且意义为“激烈的”。故填heated。
82. 考查介词。句意:青少年的身体变化可能会导致这种家庭关系紧张。根据句意和空格前的动词result可
知,此处是考查动词result和介词in的搭配result in“导致”。故填in。
83. 考查形容词。句意:父母可能会成为青少年愤怒的第一个目标,因为当他们的成长速度与朋友不同、
身高迅速上升或远远落后时,他们可能会感到焦虑,他们可能会担心自己的声音变化、体重问题或斑点。
根据句意和所给名词anxiety以及空格前的feel可知,空格处应该填入anxiety的形容词形式anxious作表语。
故填anxious。
84. 考查名词。句意:父母可能会成为青少年愤怒的第一个目标,因为当他们的成长速度与朋友不同、身
高迅速上升或远远落后时,他们可能会感到焦虑,他们可能会担心自己的声音变化、体重问题或斑点。根
据句意和所给形容词high以及空格前的介词in可知,空格处应该填入high的名词形式height作介词in的
宾语。故填height。
85. 考查冠词。句意:他们进入了一个奇怪的中间地带——不再是小孩子,但还不是完全的成年人,他们
既渴望独立,又继续需要父母的爱和支持。根据句意和空格后的单数可数名词adult可知,空格处应该填入
一个不定冠词a或an,表示泛指“一个”;因为adult的发音是元音音素开头,所以应该用an。故填an。
86. 考查物主代词。句意:他们觉得自己准备好承担更大的责任,自己做决定。 根据句意和空格前的介词
on以及空格后的own可知,此处是考查固定短语on one’s own“独立地”,所以空格处应该用形容词性物主
代词their。故填their。
87. 考查副词。句意:不幸的是,他们的父母并不总是同意。根据句意和所给形容词 unfortunate可知,空
格处应该用unfortunate的副词形式unfortunately作状语,修饰后面的句子。故填Unfortunately。
88. 考查非谓语动词。句意:所以他们需要努力控制自己的感情,同时他们希望父母能更关心和耐心。根据句意和所给动词 control 以及空格前的 struggle 可知,此处是考查 struggle 的用法 struggle to do
something“努力做某事”,所以空格处应该填入不定式to control作动词struggle的宾语。故填to control。
89. 考查连词。句意:然而,他们的父母把他们当成孩子,却希望他们表现得像个成年人。根据句意分析
句子可知,句中的“treat them like a child”和“expect them to act like an adult”是并列关系,但意义上表示转
折,所以空格处应该填入表转折的连词but。故填but。
90. 考查非谓语动词。句意:保持和平的关键是定期和诚实的沟通。根据句意分析句子可知,空格前的 to
是介词,所以空格处应该填入keep的动名词形式keeping作介词to的宾语。故填keeping。
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91. to find 92. that 93. discovering 94. literally 95. is located 96. where 97. an 98. above 99.
is 100. diversity
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述神农架的历史传说和人文地理。
91. 考查非谓语动词。句意:在中国神话中,炎帝的祖先之一神农曾亲自试验过各种草药,以找到一种能
治病救人的草药。不定式表目的状语,神农尝百草为了找到可以治病的适合的草药,故填to find。
92. 考查固定句型。句意:传说在神农的旅途中,他遇到了一座覆盖着茂密森林的陡峭的山。have it that…
是一个固定结构,意为“称……属实”,符合句意,故填that。
93. 考查非谓语动词。句意:他造了一个木梯,爬上了山,发现了400种草药。动词discover和谓语动词
built & climbed之间没有连词,所以应用非谓语形式,和前文形成逻辑上的因果关系,故现在分词做结果
状语。故填discovering。
94. 考查副词。句意:为了纪念他对社会健康的贡献,这座山被命名为神农架,字面意思是“神农的梯
子”。设空处应用副词literally修饰动词means。故填literally。
95. 考查谓语动词。句意:神农架位于湖北省西北部,南临长江,北临武当山。句子缺少谓语动词,因为
描述神农架的地理位置,故而用一般现在时,主语和谓语之间是被动关系,用被动语态。故填is located。
96. 考查定语从句。句意:这里是大巴山和秦岭的交汇处。先行词为place, 因后续的从句里面不缺少名词
性成分,故而用关系副词where做地点状语。故填where。
97. 考查冠词。句意:它占地面积约3250平方公里,最高峰神农峰高3106.2米,最低点石柱河谷海拔仅
398米。设空处修饰名词area,表泛指,应用不定冠词修饰,area以元音音素开头,故填an。
98. 考查介词。句意:同上。根据上下文推出此处谈论的是海拔距离,应用介词above,意为“在/向……
上面,超过”,符合句意,故填above。
99. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:许多人了解神农架的第一件事是野人的故事,但在参观之后,他们发现
原始的自然景观和生物多样性为这个地区增添了更多的神秘。主语为“one of the first things”结构,根据语义推出one做主语中心语,用第三人称单数。根据时态一致原则,选用一般现在时。故填is。
100. 考查名词。句意:同上。设空处同“the pristine natural landscape”并列作宾语从句的主语,故而需要名
词形式。此处表示生物多样性之意,diversity在此处是不可数名词。故填diversity。
6
101. to read 102. crowded 103. well 104. of 105. himself 106. bookshelves 107. equipment 108.
how 109. have written 110. comfortably
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了图书管理员Panizzi为了让穷人像富人一样能够有机会阅读,在原来的
图书馆的基础上进行了一些改造,设计出了新的圆形阅览室。
101. 考查动词不定式。句意:一百年前,新书和旧书都被运到了英国博物馆,更多的人都来此阅读。此处
做目的状语,表示人们来到这里目的是为了阅读,故应用动词不定式做目的状语,故填to read。
102. 考查形容词。句意:旧的阅览室十分拥挤。此处做表语,主语为the old reading room,说明主语的状
态,故应用形容词“crowded拥挤的”做表语,故填crowded。
103. 考查固定短语。句意:图书管理员Panizzi想让穷学生和有钱人都能学习。此处意为“和……一样,
也”,表达为as well as,故填well。
104. 考查介词。句意:很快,每个书架上都有了三排书,地上也有几百本书。此处“三排……”表达为
three rows of,故填of。
105. 考查代词。句意:Panizzi亲自设计了著名的圆形阅览室,阅览室里有着一个好看的高的屋顶,还有着
40千米长的书架。此处表示“亲自”应用反身代词oneself,故填himself。
106. 考查名词的数。句意同上。此处“bookshelf书架”为可数名词,根据空前的forty kilometers of可知,
此处应用名词的复数,故填bookshelves。
107. 考查名词。句意:一些设备是不寻常的。根据空前的some of the可知,此处应用名词,“equipment
设备”为不可数名词,故填equipment。
108. 考查连词。句意:你无法想象新的圆形阅览室有多好!此处引导宾语从句,本空做状语,意为“多
么”,修饰形容词wonderful,故应用how引导宾语从句,故填how。
109. 考查时态。句意:自从那时起,很多著名的人都在那里写作。此处做谓语动词,根据时间状语 since
then可知,应用现在完成时,且主语many famous men为复数,故填have written。
110. 考查副词。句意:读者就可以在新的圆形阅览室舒适地读各种书籍。此处修饰动词enjoy,应用副词
“comfortably舒适地”修饰,故填comfortably。
7
111. from 112. higher 113. Researchers 114. living 115. and 116. who/that 117. found 118.compared 119. carefully 120. to keep
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述一项新的研究,表明不吃肉的人发生骨折的风险可能更高。
111. 考查介词。句意:然而,一项新的研究表明,不吃肉的人发生骨折的风险可能更高。根据句意分析可
知,是从饮食中去除肉,所以应用介词from,故填from。
112. 考查形容词比较级。句意:同上。设空处应用形容词作定语,根据句意和语境可知含有比较的含义,
用形容词比较级,故填higher。
113. 考查名词。句意:牛津大学和布里斯托尔大学的研究人员分析了近 5.5万名生活在英国的男性和女性
的数据,包括吃肉的人,素食者和纯素食者。设空处为主语,应用名词形式 researcher,可数名词,这里应
用复数形式,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Researchers。
114. 考查现在分词。句意:同上。设空处为非谓语动词,和它的逻辑主语men and women之间是主动关系,
应用现在分词作定语,故填living。
115. 考查并列连词。句意:同上。分析可知,people who eat meat和people who are vegetarians and vegans
之间是并列关系,故填and。
116. 考查定语从句。句意:科学家们跟踪研究了参与者17年,平均监测了他们的住院记录和死亡证明。
分析可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词The scientists,关系代词在从句中作主语,指人可以用who
或者that,故填who/that。
117. 考查时态。句意:在研究过程中,科学家们发现纯素食者发生完全骨折的几率更高。设空处为谓语动
词,描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故填found。
118. 考查过去分词。句意:在10年的时间里,与吃肉的人相比,每1000人中骨折的人数增加了近20人。
分析可知,设空处为非谓语动词,和它的逻辑主语(上文的vegans)之间是被动关系,应用过去分词,故
填compared。
119. 考查副词。句意:英国国家卫生局建议素食者仔细考虑摄入足够的钙、铁和维生素 B12,以保持均衡
的饮食。设空处修饰动词consider,应用副词作状语,故填carefully。
120. 考查不定式。句意:同上。设空处做目的状语,应用不定式形式,故填to keep。
8
121. will be living/will live 122. that/which 123. sensors 124. the 125. prepared 126. abnormal 127.
potentially 128. with 129. to fix 130. before
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是智能家居的相关信息。
121. 考查时态。句意:在不太遥远的将来,我们将生活在智能家居中,它将保证我们的安全,节省我们的
能源,并提供一个更舒适的环境。由时间状语“In the not-too-distant future”可知,句子时态可用将来进行时,即will be doing,或一般将来时,即will live,故填will be living/will live。
122. 考查定语从句。句意:在不太遥远的将来,我们将生活在智能家居中,它将保证我们的安全,节省我
们的能源,并提供一个更舒适的环境。空格处引导定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词 smart homes是物,
因此空格处用关系代词that/which,故填that/which。
123. 考查名词的复数。句意:例如,当我们离开家时,它们将使用集成传感器进入节能模式,而当我们回
到家时,我们会发现一切都为我们准备好了,包括晚餐、我们最喜欢的音乐或电视节目。sensor是可数名
词,此处表示不止一个传感器,因此空格处用复数,故填sensors。
124. 考查定冠词。句意:例如,当我们离开家时,它们将使用集成传感器进入节能模式,而当我们回到家
时,我们会发现一切都为我们准备好了,包括晚餐、我们最喜欢的音乐或电视节目。the instant...是固定用
法,意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句,故填the。
125. 考查非谓语动词。句意:例如,当我们离开家时,它们将使用集成传感器进入节能模式,而当我们回
到家时,我们会发现一切都为我们准备好了,包括晚餐、我们最喜欢的音乐或电视节目。句中谓语是will
find,空格处用非谓语动词,everything和prepare之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,
故填prepared。
126. 考查形容词。句意:如果它们发现有什么不正常的或我们有一个严重的疾病,他们会给我们早期的警
告,并有可能挽救我们的生命。由“or we have a critical illness”可知,句子表示“如果它们发现有什么不正
常的或我们有一个严重的疾病”,空格处意为“不正常的”,用形容词 abnormal作后置定语,故填
abnormal。
127. 考查副词。句意:如果它们发现有什么不正常的或我们有一个严重的疾病,他们会给我们早期的警告,
并有可能挽救我们的生命。空格处用副词 potentially修饰动词save,potentially意为“可能地”,故填
potentially。
128. 考查介词。句意:如果他们发现什么问题,他们会发现它,并为我们提供相关信息,以便我们解决问
题。provide sb. with sth.是固定短语,意为“为某人提供某物”,因此空格处用介词with,故填with。
129. 考查不定式。句意:如果他们发现什么问题,他们会发现它,并为我们提供相关信息,以便我们解决
问题。根据语境可知,空格处用不定式表目的,故填to fix。
130. 考查固定句型。句意:然而,大多数新家庭开始使用它还需要几年的时间。“It will be+时间段
+before...”是固定句型,意为“要过多久才……”,因此空格处是before,故填before。
9
131. Compared 132. the 133. where 134. founded 135. to break 136. absorbing 137. on 138.
traditional 139. unequally 140. achievements【解析】这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了核物理学家吴健雄的生平。
131. 考查过去分词。句意:与玛丽·居里等物理学家相比,吴健雄在中国并不家喻户晓,但她是20世纪最
重要的核物理学家之一,改变了人类对宇宙的看法。动词 compare和系动词is无连词连接,动词compare
用非谓语形式,逻辑主语Wu与动词compare是动宾关系,用过去分词形式作状语,首字母大写。故填
Compared。
132. 考查冠词。句意:与玛丽·居里等物理学家相比,吴健雄在中国并不家喻户晓,但她是20世纪最重要
的核物理学家之一,改变了人类对宇宙的看法。世界上独一无二的事物(如universe)前,用定冠词the表
特指。故填the。
133. 考查定语从句关系词。句意:吴健雄于1912年5月31日出生于太仓,这里是长江注入东海的地方。
该空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Taicang,关系词在从句中做地点状语,用关系副词where。故填
where。
134. 考查时态。句意:她的父亲吴仲裔于1913年在太仓创办了第一所女子学校。结合时间状语 in 1913可
知,谓语动词found用一般过去时。故填founded。
135. 考查不定式。句意:他旨在打破那种认为女子无才便是德的旧观念。aim to do sth. (旨在做某事),
break用不定式形式。故填to break。
136. 考查现在分词。句意:这位父亲吸收了西方思想的优点,同时铭记着深深植根于中国文化的伟大思想,
对吴建雄的一生产生了真正的影响。本句已有谓语made且无连词,动词absorb用非谓语形式,逻辑主语
The father与动词absorb是主谓关系,absorb用现在分词(doing)表主动,作状语。故填absorbing。
137. 考查固定搭配。句意:这位父亲吸收了西方思想的优点,同时铭记着深深植根于中国文化的伟大思想,
对吴健雄的一生产生了真正的影响。make an impact on sth. (对某事产生影响)。故填on。
138. 考查形容词。句意:她一生中的大部分时间都在美国度过,但始终穿着旗袍,这是中国的一种传统服
装。形容词traditional作定语,修饰名词短语Chinese dress。故填traditional。
139. 考查副词。句意:在男性主导的科学世界中工作,她从未放弃或降低自己的标准,即使受到不平等的
待遇。副词unequally作状语,修饰动词treat。故填unequally。
140. 考查名词复数。句意:在她44年的核物理学家生涯中,吴健雄的巨大成就为她赢得了“中国的居里
夫人”、“核研究女王”和“物理学第一夫人”等称号。不止一个成就,用可数名词achievement的复数
形式表泛指,作主语。故填achievements。
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141. a 142. how 143. confidence 144. highly 145. left 146. it 147. sunnier 148. of 149. was
created 150. where【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在疫情期间,一位妈妈发起一个活动项目,让大家在纸上写
鼓舞人心的话语,以此来鼓舞她的三个孩子和邻居们在疫情下用更加积极的态度面对生活。
141. 考查冠词。句意:皮特拉·比格纳米是布鲁克林三个孩子的母亲,她开始了一个项目,鼓励她的三个
孩子和邻居。根据句意可知,此处表示“一位三个孩子的妈妈”,表泛指,空后为辅音音素开始的单词
mom,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
142. 考查特殊疑问词。句意:皮特拉想专注于如何保持希望,让人们对未来有更多的信心。此处为“特殊
疑问词+不定式”的结构作介词宾语,同时根据语境可知,此处表示“如何”保持希望。故填how。
143. 考查名词。句意:皮特拉想专注于如何保持希望,让人们对未来有更多的信心。分析句子结构可知,
空处需要名词作have的宾语。confident为形容词“自信的”,其名词形式为confidence。故填confidence。
144. 考查副词。句意:现在,他们每天都会收到邻居和路过的人的高度鼓励信息。此处需用副词作状语修
饰形容词encouraging。故填highly。
145. 考查非谓语动词。句意:人们留下的信息包括:“保持冷静,振作起来”,“善待他人——我们不知
道他们有什么困难”。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词,空处为非谓语动词作后置定语,且
messages与leave之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词。故填left。
146. 考查形式宾语。句意:这些信息帮助所有难以应对新冠肺炎疫情的人知道,未来的日子会更加阳光明
媚。分析句子结构可知,此处考查“find+it+adj.+动词不定式”的结构,it作形式宾语。故填it。
147. 考查形容词的比较级。句意:这些信息帮助所有难以应对新冠肺炎疫情的人知道,未来的日子会更加
阳光明媚。根据语境以及空格前的much可知,此处需用形容词的比较级,表示未来的日子会更加阳光明
媚。故填sunnier。
148. 考查介词。句意:这让我们觉得自己是一个更大群体的一部分。part of 意为“……的一部分”,符合
语境,故填of。
149. 考查时态语态。句意:该项目于去年9月创建,到目前为止,已有超过1000张纸心供人们留言。分
析句子结构可知,空处为句子的谓语动词。根据in September last year可知句子为一般过去时态,主语和谓
语动词之间为被动关系。综上所述,句子为一般过去时态的被动语态,主语为第三人称单数形式。故填
was created。
150. 考查定语从句。句意:该项目于去年9月创建,到目前为止,已有超过1000张纸心供人们留言。分
析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词 paper hearts,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系
副词where。故填where。