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专题 09 代词
备考 2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--讲练
目录
一 命题解读
二 命题预测
三 主要考点
四 代词的分类
五 不定代词的区别
六 易混易错点
七 即时练一练【命题解读】
代词是历年高考的常考点。分析多年来的高考真题不难看出，对代词的考查主要集中在语法填空的空格题和短
文改错中。不过，在七选五和完形填空中，人称代词也常常以上下文的形式，对答案给出重要提示。今年高考
代词在短文改错中出现失分率上升的现象，分析原因主要在于学生忽略上下文逻辑意思的关联性。
【命题预测】
预计2023年高考中代词依旧以语法填空和短文改错的形式出现。但是，命题者会更加注重学生们在特定语言
环境中对代词的把握，例如上下文人称是否一致，单复数是否一致等。
【主要考点】
1. 人称代词;
2. 物主代词;
3. 反身代词;
4. 疑问代词;关系代词
4. 易混不定代词
5. it的用法。
【2022年真题视角】
1.（2022年全国乙卷） The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening
______ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
2.（2022年全国乙卷）On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age
of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
【答案】1. its 2. who
考点一 代词的分类
代词分为九大类，分别是：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不
定 代 词 、 相 互 代 词 。 大 多 数 代 词 具 有 名 词 和 形 容 词 的 作 用 。知识点1 人称代词;物主代词;反身代词
人称代词 人称代词 形容词性 名词性物主
反身代词
主格 宾格 物主代词 代词
单数 I me my mine myself
第一人
称
复数 we us our ours ourselves
单数 you you your yours yourself
第二人
称
复数 you you your yours yourselves
he him his his himself
单数 she her her hers herself
第三人
称
It It Its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
知识点2
疑问代词 who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever
关系代词 that,which,who,whom,whose,as
普通
one/ some/ any,each/ every,none/ no,many/ much,few/ little/ a few/ a little,other/ another,all/
不定
both,neither/ either
代词
不定
代词
复合
something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody, everyone, no
不定
one/none,someone,anyone
代词
相互代词 each other,one another
（1）人称代词的主格形式用来做主语；宾格形式做宾语
（2）“of（介词）＋名词性物主代词（或名词所有格）”构成双重所有格，如：a friend of mine（my
father's）我（我父亲的）朋友中的一个。
(3)形容词性物主代词与own连用表示强调，one's own ... ＝ ... of one's own。
(4)某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。take sb by the arm, be wounded in the leg。
(5)常见的一些含反身代词的固定搭配：behave oneself 举止良好
seat oneself 坐下来
devote oneself to 专心于
come to oneself 苏醒过来
dress oneself 自己穿衣；穿着，打扮
help oneself to 随便吃，随便用
by oneself 独自地
for oneself 亲自
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
①You shouldn't leave the child by himself at home.(宾语)
你不应把孩子独自留在家里。
②I am not myself today.(表语)
我今天不舒服。
注意: 使用反身代词时，其所在的句子主语应与该反身代词相对应才可使用，否则使用人称代词。
知识点 3
指示代词this, that, these, those的用法
this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用
that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用
①What I want to say is this: you should grasp every minute to finish your work.
我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。
（注意）same也是常见的指示代词，注意前面要有定冠词the。
注意：人称代词主要作主语和宾语，高考多考查上下文人称代词的不一致。
考点二 易混不定代词的区别
1．one, ones, the one, the ones, those, it, that的区别
one 代指可数名词，单数，泛指
ones 代指可数名词，复数，泛指
the one 代指可数名词，单数，特指
the ones 代指可数名词，复数，特指that 代指不可数名词或可数名词单数或相当于the one
those 代指可数名词，复数，特指(＝the ones)
it 上文中所提到的同一个事物
①The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.
这趟火车太挤了，所以我们决定乘坐下一趟。
②His own experience was different from that of his friends.
他自己的体验和朋友们的体验不同。
③I love spring—it is a wonderful time of the year.
我喜欢春天——这是一年中一段美妙的时节。
④The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.
桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好。
2．the other, other, another, others的区别
the other指两者中的另一个，常与one连用，构成one ..., the other ... “一个……
the other
另一个……”。作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”
other other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义
可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，
another 代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外 another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形
式，表示“另外的……(多少)”
单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与 some一起出现；
others
特指其他的全部人或事物时用the others
Recycling is one way to protect the environment；reusing is another.
回收是保护环境的一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。
3．either, both, neither, all, none, any的区别
肯定
either 表示两者中的一个，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
意义
肯定
both 表示两者都，作主语时，谓语动词用复数
意义
否定
neither 表示两者都不，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
意义
肯定 表示三者或三者以上都，作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与 all所指代
all
意义 的人或事物保持一致否定 表示三者或三者以上都不，作主语后接复数名词时，谓语动词可用单数
none
意义 也可用复数；后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数
肯定 表示三者中的任意一个，作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，常与 of连
any
意义 用
I've lived in New York and Chicago，but don't like either of them very much.
我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。
4．none, no one与nothing的区别
(1)none指人或物，表特指，可与of短语连用，回答疑问词how many/much引起的问句。
(2)nothing指物，表泛指，不与of短语连用，回答疑问词what引起的问句。
(3)no one/nobody指代人，表泛指，不与of短语连用，回答疑问词who引起的问句。
I was going to offer you some cakes, but there is none left.
我本打算请你吃些蛋糕，但一点也没剩下。
5．each与every的区别
(1)each强调“个体”，指“(两者或两者以上人或物中的)每个”，可与of短语搭配。
(2)every强调“整体”，指“整体中的每一个”，在句中只作定语，不可与of短语搭配。
①Each of the boys wants to have a try. →The boys each want to have a try.
每个男孩都想试试。
②Every mother loves her children dearly.
每个母亲都非常爱自己的孩子。
6．不定代词的部分否定与全部否定
(1)no one, none, nobody, nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。
①None of us was going to the party.
我们之中没人去参加那个聚会。
(2)当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词all, both, everyone, everybody, everything等以及“every＋名
词”的句子中时，不管not在它们之前还是之后都表示部分否定。
②Not all of them smoke.
→All of them don't smoke.
他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。
③Not everyone likes music.
并不是所有的人都喜欢音乐。7．不定代词用于习惯搭配中
nothing but 仅仅，只是
anything but 决不
something of 有几分，略微
or something 诸如此类的人或物
all but 几乎，差不多 every other day 每隔一天
each other (两者)互相
one another ... (三者或三者以上)互相
one ..., the other ... (两者中)一个……另一个……
some ..., others ... 一些……另一些……
考点三 易错易混点
一 代词“格”的误用
【误】It was a great privilege for I to be able to spend so much time with him down here.
【正】It was a great privilege for me to be able to spend so much time with him down here.
[分析] 介词之后要用宾格代词作宾语，故I改为me。
二 代词单复“数”的误用
【误】The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to him.
【正】The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.
[分析] 指代复数名词the students应用复数代词them，故him改为them。
三 代词词“性”的误用
【误】She rushed to pick up the phone when it rang because he was worried about her husband's whereabouts.
【正】She rushed to pick up the phone when it rang because she was worried about her husband's whereabouts.
[分析] 根据语境可知，担忧丈夫的是主语she，故he改为she。
四 反身代词与人称代词的误用或称谓指代误用
(1)【误】He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town.
【正】He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town.
[分析] 根据语境可知，which指代a deep voice，故此处不能用反身代词。
(2)【误】Everyone should take an umbrella with yourself.
【正】Everyone should take an umbrella with himself or herself.
[分析] 根据语境可知，“每个人”与“你自己”并非同一人称的指代。everyone的反身代词应为不知男女的第三人称，故将yourself改为himself or herself。
五 物主代词的误用
【误】We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.
【正】We took our fishing poles and headed for the lake.
[分析] 修饰名词fishing poles应用形容词性物主代词，故ours改为our。
[注意] 造成以上错误的原因是对常见代词的用法掌握不牢。应加强对考点一的学习。另外，平时学习特
别是写作时要格外留心此方面的知识。
六 功能词it的缺失和替代词的误用
(1)【误】We think necessary to make people fully aware of the danger of breaking the traffic rules.
【正】We think it necessary to make people fully aware of the danger of breaking the traffic rules.
[分析] 此句要用it代替不定式短语to make people fully aware of ... 充当形式宾语，故think后要加it。
句意：我们认为有必要让人们充分认识违反交通规则的危害。
(2)【误】As you would expect, China's Internet looks different from it of America and Europe.
【正】As you would expect, China's Internet looks different from that of America and Europe.
[分析] it特指同一事物，that特指单数同类事物，根据语境可知it应改为that。句意：正如你预想的，
中国的互联网看起来与美国和欧洲的不同。
[注意] it是高频考点，除了要掌握it的基本用法外，还应多记忆和it有关的词组、句式及特殊用法。
即时练一练
I.单句填空
1．（2022年全国乙卷） The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening
______ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
2.（2021年全国I卷）As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in
the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ________ (I).
3.（2021全国乙卷）Ecotourism has ________(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
4.（2021年浙江卷6月）She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ________ (she), everything in
good taste and in perfect order.
5.Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the
same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ________ a try.
6.This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for ________ (what)．
7.A study shows the students who are engaged in after－school activities are happier than ________ (that) who are not.
8.By that time, the panda no longer needed (it)mother for food.
9.A few hours earlier, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with (it) choking smog.10.The girl was sitting on the chair quietly, burying ___________ (she) in the magazine in the hands.
11.My father kept _________(him) word and treated me to a wonderful sightseeing trip after I won the contest.
12.I wish to thank Mr. Smith, and without __________(he) help I would never have got this far.
13.She thought I had hurt ________ (I)，” says Pahlsson.
14 There is a door at ________ end of the corridor.
15.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ________ contained any useful suggestions.
16.We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let's have ________ one this month.
17.He raised one arm and then ________.
18.Swimming is my favorite sport. There is ________ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.
19.Helping others is a habit, ________ you can learn even at an early age.
20.（2020年山东卷）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine
______ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】1.its 2.mine 3.its 4.herself 5.. it 6. whatever 7.those 8. its 9. its 10.herself
11.his 12. his 13.myself 14.either 15.neither 16.another 17.the other 18.nothing 19.one
20.themselves
II. 语篇填空
用单词的适当形式完成短文
（浙江省嘉兴市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中检测）
A comics exhibition ____56____(launch) in Sydney on Wednesday, offering glimpses of the city of Chengdu,
capital of southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and the Chinese animation industry.
The ____57____(fascinate) Comics 2022-Chengdu Excellent Cartoon and Animation Works Exhibition, co-
hosted by the China Cultural Center in Sydney and Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Culture, Broadcast-TV and
Tourism, ____58____(present) more than 80 original artworks from Chengdu. Through different types of
artistic ____59____(approach), the exhibition showcased posters of Chinese animated productions and original
selections ____60____(feature) Chengdu’s culture, food and landmarks, such as panda, hotpot and the West Pearl
Tower. Many artists also shared their ____61____(enthusiastic) for Chinese mythology, literature and martial arts
in their designs.
“Chengdu is known as ‘____62____capital of animation’ in China. Many artists and production houses are
committed ____63____integrating traditional Chinese culture with modern art, ____64____develops products with
original IP,” said Xiao Xiayong, director of the China Cultural Center in Sydney. As 2022 coincides with the 100th
anniversary of Chinese animation development, the exhibition will become a platform where both countries can
be _____65_____(mutual) supportive and improve the animation industry together.【答案】
56 ． Was launched 57 ． fascinating 58 ． presented 59 ． approaches 60 ． featuring 61 ．
enthusiasm 62．the 63．to 64．which 65．mutually
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。周三，一场漫画展在悉尼开幕，让人们得以一睹中国西南部四川省省会成都市和
中国动漫产业的风采。由悉尼中国文化中心和成都市文化广播电视旅游局联合主办的“漫画2022-成都优秀动
漫作品展”展出了来自成都的80多件原创作品。
56．考查时态语态。句意：周三，一场漫画展在悉尼开幕，让人们得以一睹中国西南部四川省省会成都市和中
国动漫产业的风采。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文on Wednesday可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语
用单数。故填was launched。
57．考查形容词。句意：由悉尼中国文化中心和成都市文化广播电视旅游局联合主办的“漫画 2022-成都优秀
动漫作品展”展出了来自成都的80多件原创作品。修饰后文名词短语Comics 2022-Chengdu Excellent Cartoon
and Animation Works Exhibition应用-ing结尾形容词fascinating，作定语。故填fascinating。
58．考查时态。句意：由悉尼中国文化中心和成都市文化广播电视旅游局联合主办的“漫画 2022-成都优秀动
漫作品展”展出了来自成都的 80 多件原创作品。作谓语，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填
presented。
59．考查名词的数。句意：通过不同的艺术方式，展览展示了中国动画作品的海报和原创选择，展示了成都的
文化、美食和标志性建筑，如熊猫、火锅和西明珠塔。approach为可数名词，由different types of修饰应用复
数形式。故填approaches。
60．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过不同的艺术方式，展览展示了中国动画作品的海报和原创选择，展示了成都
的文化、美食和标志性建筑，如熊猫、火锅和西明珠塔。分析句子结构可知feature与逻辑主语exhibition构成
主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填featuring。
61．考查名词。句意：许多艺术家也在他们的设计中分享了他们对中国神话、文学和武术的热情。作宾语，应
用名词enthusiasm，不可数。故填enthusiasm。
62．考查冠词。句意：成都是中国著名的“动漫之都”。capital此处为特指应用定冠词。故填the。
63．考查介词。句意：许多艺术家和制作公司致力于将中国传统文化与现代艺术相结合，开发具有原创 IP的
产品。短语be committed to表示“致力于”。故填to。
64．考查定语从句。句意：许多艺术家和制作公司致力于将中国传统文化与现代艺术相结合，开发具有原创IP
的产品。分析句子结构可知非限制性定语从句修饰句子，从句缺少主语，故用which。故填which。
65．考查副词。句意：2022年恰逢中国动漫发展100周年，本届动漫展将成为两国相互支持、共同提升动漫
产业的平台。修饰形容词应用副词mutually，作状语。故填mutually。
2. (浙江省镇海中学2022-2023学年高三上学期英语模拟试题)Wealth _36_ (start) with a goal and saving a dollar at a time. Call it the piggy bank strategy. There are lessons
in that time-honored coin-savings container. When_______37_______(reduce) to baby steps, any huge task at last
seems easier. If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion, to collect the $15, 000 cost, $3. 93
a day has to__38__(save)a day.
When I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should save
money to buy ______39______. We associate piggy banks with children, ______40______in many countries, the
little containers are also popular with adults.__41__ (Europe)see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.
_42_(original) you had to break the bank to get to the money, bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings.
While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving, large quantities of information about saving
_______43_______(be) also to be updated for adults. Think about such things in life _____44_____require large
amounts of money - college education, weddings, and cars. So when you have money, take off the top 10%, put
it__45__, save and invest wisely.
【答案】
36．starts 37．reduced 38．be saved 39．it 40．but/ while 41．Europeans 42．Originally 43．
are 44．as 45．Aside
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了储蓄罐策略。作者告诉人们要学会储蓄，积少成多，最终才能拥有财富。
37．考查动词时态。句意：财富始于一个目标，一次节省一美元。分析句子，本句为一般现在时，start是句子
的谓语，主语是抽象名词wealth，所以谓语用单数。故填starts。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：当被简化到一步一步的时候，任何巨大的任务最终似乎都会变得更容易。when
引导状语从句时，如果从句主语和主句主语一致，则可以省略从句主语，而且当从句主语与谓语是被动关系的
时候,省略主语和be动词，保留谓语的过去分词形式。本题中从句谓语 reduce与句子any huge task是被动关
系。故填reduced。
38．考查不定式的被动。句意：如果你想在十年后为一个特殊的场合进行一次真正美好的旅行，那就攒够
15000美元的费用，也就是一天必须节省 3.93美元。根据句意，不定式to save与其逻辑主语$3. 93 a day是被
动关系，所以用不定式的被动。故填be saved。39．考查代词。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我父母给了我一个存钱罐，教我如果我想要什么东西，我应该
存钱去买。buy是及物动词，后面需要接宾语，根据句意，空格内容指代something，故填it。
40．考查连词。句意：我们把存钱罐和孩子联系起来，但是在许多国家，这个小容器也很受成年人的欢迎。根
据句意，前后句子是转折关系，也可以理解成前后情况对比比较。均符合题意。故填but/ while。
41．考查名词。句意：欧洲人把存钱罐看作是好运和财富的象征。根据句意，这里指欧洲人，放在句首，且根
据谓语动词可知用复数形式。故填Europeans。
42．考查副词。句意：最初，你必须打破储蓄罐才能拿到钱，这给储蓄带来了一种严肃感。根据句意，空格作
状语，所以用副词且放在句首。故填Originally。
43．考查主谓一致。句意：虽然存钱罐教会孩子们储蓄的智慧，但大量有关储蓄的信息也要为成年人更新。分
析句子，当large quantities of…这样的形式作主语时，其谓语动词一律用复数(与其中名词的数无关)，且句子是
一般现在时，故填are。
44．考查定语从句。句意：想想生活中需要大量金钱的事情——大学教育、婚礼和汽车。在限制性定语从句中，
先行词被so,as,such,the same修饰时，关系代词只能用as, as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。分析句子，先行
词things有such修饰，故填as。
45．考查固定搭配。句意：所以，当你有钱的时候，把前10%去掉，放在一边，存钱，明智地投资。根据句意，
put aside“把…放在一边；把…...留待以后使用”符合题意。故填aside。
