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专题 07 名词
备考 2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--讲练
目录
一 命题解读
二 命题预测
三 主要考点
四 高考视角
五 定冠词 (用法及固定搭配)
六 不定冠词 (用法及固定搭配)
七 零冠词 (用法及固定搭配)
八 即时练一练【命题解读】
冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的都会涉到冠词。不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊
用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。
【命题预测】
预计2023年高考冠词的考查仍旧是必考点。以语法填空和短文改错为主。在语法填空中，以不给提示词形式
命题。短文改错中，考查冠词的多用与少用，在固定搭配中以及冠词之间的混用。
【主要考点】
1. 定冠词与不定冠词的区别;
2. 不定冠词a，an的区别;
3. 零冠词的使用;
4. 常见搭配中的冠词;
5. 特指与泛指时冠词的使用。
【2022 高考视角】
1. （2022年全国甲卷语法填空）
...Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover
the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to
be his companion during the trip.
2. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空)
Covering an area about three times ___ 5 7___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the
first national parks in the country...
答案：1.a 2. the考点一 定冠词 the 的用法
1．用在表示特指的人或物的名词前，尤其指上文提到过的(第二次提到的)或谈话双方都明确的人或物，也可
指上文未提到但谈话双方都知道的人或物。
①The dictionary on the desk is mine.
书桌上的那本词典是我的。
②Would you mind turning down the radio a little? The baby is sleeping.
请把收音机音量调小点好吗？宝宝在睡觉。
2．用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前。
①As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.
众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
②We are living in an age when many things can be done on the Internet.
我们生活在一个很多事情都可以在因特网上完成的时代。
[注意] 有些事物虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。如：space太空，nature自然，man人类等。3. 倍数表达 倍数+the size/width/height of 中，名词前面加定冠词the
典例 剖析
(2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空)
Covering an area about three times ___ 5 7___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first
national parks in the country...
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。本句的结构为：倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length ...)＋of B，表示“是B（大小/重量/长
度...）的多少倍。本句句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。故填
the。
4．用在表示计量的名词前，如：by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard 等，但是如果表示单位的名
词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如：by weight/height等。
—It's said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year.
—Right, he will also get paid by the week.
——据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60,000美元的工作。
——是的，而且会按周付薪。
5．用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。
It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties went to university for further education.
在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修并不罕见。
[注意] “a/an＋序数词”不表示排序，表示“又一，再一”；另外，不定冠词 a用于“most＋形容词原
级”之前无比较含义，表示程度，意为“很，非常”。
What disappointed the Chinese most is that the national football team was kicked out of the Asian Cup a second
time， with four points from three matches.
最让中国人失望的是国家足球队又一次被踢出了亚洲杯，三场比赛只得了四分。
—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with？
—The younger one.He is a most humorous man.
——那对双胞胎兄弟哪一个较容易相处？
——较小的那一个，他是一个非常幽默的人。
6．“动词＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体某一部位”结构中，定冠词the不可用形容词性物主代词替代。
①take sb by the arm抓住某人的胳膊
②An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.
一个苹果从树上落下，砸在他的头上。
[注意] 在be red in the face （脸红），be lame in the right leg （右腿瘸），be blind in the left eye （左
眼盲）等结构中，名词前也要用the。
7．定冠词与形容词连用，可以表示一类人或事物。
①the rich富人；②the wounded伤员；③the true, the good and (the) beautiful真、善、美。8．用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.
史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。
9．乐器前一定要加定冠词。
Peter likes playing football while I am fond of playing the piano.
彼得喜欢踢足球，而我喜欢弹钢琴。
10. 用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级前面。
①Liu Yang is the first woman who has been into space in China.
在中国，刘洋是第一位进入太空的女性。
②He is the tallest boy in our class.
他是我们班个子最高的男孩。
典例 剖析
（2020全国卷II） The plum trees are ________ first to flower even as the snow is melting（融化）.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。在序数词和形容词、副词最高级前面用定冠词the,设空处后面为序数词first，故填定冠词
the。
定冠词的固定搭配
in the day time在白天
in the end最后，终于
in the habit of习惯于
make the most/best of充分利用
in the distance在远处
in the way挡路
on the whole总的来说
on the right/left在右/左面
at the same time同时
at the moment此刻
for the time being暂时
in the public eye广为人知的
go to the doctor's去看医生
by the way顺便说；顺便问一下
the other day前几天
on the radio/phone通过无线电/电话on the spot在场；到场；立即；马上；当场
to tell (you) the truth说实话，老实说
go to the cinema去看电影
for the most part通常，多半
not in the least (＝not at all)一点也不
on the one hand ..., on the other hand ... 一方面……，另一方面……
典例 剖析
（2021全国甲卷）It took us about 3 hours to go all ________ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意“在西安城墙上骑行了一周花了我们大约 3个小时。all the way为固定搭配，意为
“程，一路上”。故填the。
考点二 不定冠词 a, an的用法
（一）、不定冠词的基本用法
1．不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain，意为“一个”，或首次提到的泛指的人或事
物。
①A young man wants to see you.
有个年轻人想见你。
②—Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons'，please?
—Sorry，we don't have a Johnson here in the village.
——请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走？
——对不起，这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。
2．抽象名词具体化的情况下，不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物。
It is a success for a country to host the Olympic Games.
对于一个国家来说，主办奥运会是一件成功的事。
3．表示一类人或物，指同类中的任何一个。
A teacher must be strict with his students.
教师必须严格要求他的学生。
典例 剖析
1.（2022年全国甲卷语法填空）...Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the
route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his
companion during the trip.
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。句意：他的一个朋友吴凡自愿在旅途中与他作伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋
友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
2. (2020天津高考3月)
Don't be late for the 9：00 meeting because I am on ________ tight schedule and have to catch the 11：00 train.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。分析句子可知，设空处需要填冠词，表示泛指。
4．用于单数名词前表示身份、职业，尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前。
The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician.
怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。
5．用在表示数量、长度、时间等的计数单位的名词前，表示“每一”。
The car moves 100 miles an hour.
这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。
[注意]（1）不定冠词在句中的位置
such a/an＋单数可数名词；quite a/an＋单数可数名词；rather a/an＋单数可数名词。如果修饰名词的形容词
前有so， as， too， how等副词，则不定冠词一般放在形容词和名词之间。
He is as clever a boy as Tom.
他是一个像汤姆一样聪明的男孩。
It is too difficult a book for beginners.
这本书对初学者来说太难了。
(2)不定冠词a与an的区别
以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a，以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。但要注意以下两种情况：
①有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音，即该单词的读音实际上是以元音音素开头的，要使用 an，如：an
hour，an honest man。
②有些单词以元音字母开头，但该单词的读音实际上是以辅音音素开头，要使用 a，如：a university, a
European country。
（二）、含有不定冠词的常考短语
have a holiday度假
make/earn a living谋生
get a lift/ride搭便车
go on a diet节食
as a result因此
as a matter of fact事实上as a rule通常，照例
have a cold患感冒
have a good time玩得高兴
have a gift for有……的天赋
have a word with与……谈话
have/take a rest休息一下
after a while一会儿后
in a hurry匆忙地
in a sense在某种意义上
in a word总之
in a moment立刻
once in a while偶尔
at a loss困惑，不知所措
at a distance离一段距离，从远处
for a while暂时，一时
once upon a time从前
all of a sudden突然
a waste of ... ……的浪费
a matter of ... ……的问题
have a population of有……人口
have a history of有……的历史
a collection of一批……
a knowledge of (＝know)知道
an understanding of (＝understand)懂得
[注意] 通常成对出现的物品，一般只用一个不定冠词。如：a knife and fork一副刀叉。
考点三 零冠词的用法
（一）、零冠词的基本用法
1．表示泛指意义的复数名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、人名、地名等前，一般不加冠词。
Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.
萨拉满意地看着那幅完工的油画。
2．名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等限定时不再用冠词。
She is not my type of woman.
她不是我心目中的那类女人。
3．季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科、球类、棋类等名称前一般不加冠词。Spring is the best season of the year.
春天是一年中最好的季节。
[注意] (1)在有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日期及世上独一无二的事物的名词等前时，通常使用不定
冠词。
I was invited to have a good breakfast and the restaurant we went to was excellent.
我应邀吃了一顿丰盛的早餐，并且我们去的餐馆也很好。
We had a cold winter last year.
去年冬天我们这儿很冷。
The old couple sat together, enjoying a bright moon.
那对老夫妇坐在一起欣赏一轮明月。
(2)抽象名词表示具体事物时，变为可数名词，可被a/an修饰，也可有复数形式。
a honour 令人感到荣耀的人或事
a pleasure 令人感到高兴的人或事
a success 成功的人或事
a failure 失败的人或事
a comfort 令人感到安慰的人或事
a surprise 令人感到惊讶的人或事
a worry 令人感到烦恼的人或事
a beauty 美丽的人或事物
a wonder 令人感到惊奇的人或事/奇迹
a shock 令人感到震惊的人或事
4．在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。但需注意 take a bus, in a boat, on the train/bus结构中需用
冠词。
5．在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词前不加冠词。
Child as/though she is, she knows too much French.
尽管她是一个孩子，但她懂很多法语。
6．系动词turn后跟表职业的名词时，名词前不加冠词。
The young girl has turned writer.
→The young girl has become a writer.
这个年轻女孩已经成为一位作家。
7．no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词前不用冠词。
There's no such thing as a job for life any longer.
不再有像终身职位这样的事了。
8．不可数名词不能与不定冠词连用。高考中常见的不可数名词有：baggage, luggage, furniture, health,
weather, fun, space (太空), advice, progress, information, news, luck, wealth (财产)等。
Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.
除了星星，那个宇航员只看见太空，看不到别的东西。9．称呼语前面不用冠词，表示头衔和职务(这种职务一般只由一人担任)的名词的前面也常不用冠词。
①What does this word mean, Father?
这个词是什么意思，爸爸？
②Mrs Johnson is director of the office.
约翰逊太太是办公室主任。
（二）、零冠词的常见固定搭配
give way to 给……让路 take part in 参加
on hand 在手头 by chance/accident 碰巧地
on purpose 故意地 for example 例如
ahead of time 提前 in advance 提前
in debt 负债 by mistake 错误地，无意地
under repair 处于维修中 lose heart 灰心
day and night 夜以继日地 catch fire 着火
from morning till night 从早到晚
face to face 面对面地 out of control 失控
out of work 失业 in danger 处于危险之中
at risk 有危险
at dawn/noon/dusk/night 在黎明/正午/黄昏/夜晚
in place 在恰当的位置 heart and soul 全心全意地
即时练一练
I. 单句填空
1. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things ________ same way.
2. The little pupil seized his younger brother by _________ arm and ran across the street with him.
3. Completing such a heavy task in such a short time is actually ________ great challenge to us.
4. Scientists have many theories about how ________universe came into existence.
5. It took us about three hours to go all ____ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
6. The plums are ____ first to flower even as the snow is melting.
7. Due to ____ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are
now being classified as ecotourism.
8. The plums are ____ first to flower even as the snow is melting.
9. Of ______ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing,
and nine lack enough data.
10.When we got a call saying she was short-listed，we thought it was ______ joke.11.If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps
we should all give running _____try.
12.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7
percent.
13.Experts think that _____ recently discovered painting may be _____ Picasso.
14.India attained ______ independence in 1947, after ______ long struggle.
15.Being able to afford ______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times.
16.The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed.
______ other is with mum-----she never suspects.
17.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ______ while ,exercising , or doing
something you enjoy.
18.______ prize for the winner of the competition is ______ two-week holiday in Paris.
19.Animals are obviously ______ lower form of life than ______ man.
20.In Chinese, ______ date 2013-1-4 has similar pronunciation to “love you for lifetime”, making it
______ most lucky and romantic day.
21.My grandmother was loved by all ______ people around her.She was known to be ______ wise and kind woman,
who was able to do things well even in her last years.
答案: 1. the 2.the 3.a 4. the 5. the 6. the 7. the 8. the 9. the 10. a 11.
a 12. the 13.the, a 14. /, a 15.a, a 16.the 17. a 18.The, a 19.a, / 20.a 21.
the, a
II. 语篇填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Residents of Meilisi Daur district in Qiqihar, Heilongiang province, have felt it ____41____(easy) to take nucleic
acid tests (核酸检测) or enter public venues without smartphone than before since they received a card with their
personalized QR code
To help overcome ____42____difficulty of scanning codes with smartphones for some locals, especially the
elderly,the district government has worked with local public security authorities ____43____(promote)the user friendly
initiative. Residents can present their cards before entering certain public facilities ____44____the staff can scan the
code to get the cardholders’ health information, such as a green code.If they show their green code when entering the
facility,their visits ____45____(record) automatically.Over 15,000 residents in the district have received their cards after ____46____(apply) for one.With data of
epidemic(流行病) ____47____(prevent) provided by local public security departments, the QR code cards are made for
the seniors,students and others who find it difficult to use smartphones. The local government also printed the telephone
____48____(number) of the seniors’ direct relatives,which can be useful in emergencies, ____49____they plan to
promote the cards among all residents aged over 60 and students in all schools ____50____kindergartens to senior high
schools【答案】
41．easier 42．the 43．to promote 44．where 45．will be recorded 46．applying 47．prevention 48．
numbers 49．and 50．from
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市梅里斯达斡尔区政府为解决疫情期间老年人和
学生因没有智能手机或不会操作，而导致作核酸检测困难的情况，推出了一种带有个人二维码的卡片，通过扫
描卡片，就可获得个人的健康信息，为市民提供了便利。
41．考查形容词比较级。句意：黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市梅里斯达斡尔区的居民感到自从收到了带有他们个人二维
码的卡片后，没有手机作核酸检测或是进入公共场所比以前更容易了。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词；根据
句中的“than before”可判断，应为比较级。故填easier。
42．考查冠词。句意：为了克服一些当地人，尤其是老年人用智能手机扫描二维码的困难。分析句子可知，此
处应为冠词；由句意可知，这里特指扫描二维码的困难。故填the。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：区政府与当地公安机关合作来向使用者发出友好的倡议。分析句子可知，此处应
为非谓语动词；结合句意，“向使用者发出友好的倡议”是“区政府与当地公安机关合作”的目的，应用动词
不定式。故填to promote。
44．考查定语从句。句意：居民在进入某些公共场所前可以出示卡片，员工能够扫描二维码获得卡主的健康信
息。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句；先行词是“public facilities”,关系副词在从句中作状语，表示“在这些公
共场所”，应用where。故填where。
45．考查时态和语态。句意：如果他们在进入这些场所时出示绿码，他们的行程就会被自动记录。分析句子可
知，此处为谓语动词；由句意可知，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be recorded。
46．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个地区一万五千多居民在申请之后收到了他们的卡片。分析句子可知，此处应
为非谓语动词；“after”是介词，后面应用动名词形式。故填applying。
47．考查不可数名词。句意：带有当地公安部门提供的流行病预防数据，这些二维码卡片为老年人、学生和其
他使用智能手机有困难的人制作。分析句子可知，此处应为名词形式prevention 意为：预防，是不可数名词。
故填prevention。
48．考查可数名词。句意：当地政府也打印了这些老年人的直系亲属的电话号码，能够在紧急情况下有用。分
析句子可知，此处应为名词；根据“relatives”可知，电话号码应为复数telephone numbers。故填numbers。
49．考查连词。句意：并且他们计划在所有六十岁以上的居民及所有从幼儿园到高中的学校中间宣传这些卡片。
分析句子可知，此处用连词；根据句意，所在句与前面的句子之间为并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。
50．考查介词。句意：并且他们计划在所有六十岁以上的居民及所有从幼儿园到高中的学校中间宣传这些卡片。
分析句子可知，此处用介词；根据句中“to”可判断用from，表达“从幼儿园到高中”。故填from。2. (新疆伊宁教育联盟2022-2023学年上学期高三英语期中考试)
Who was the inventor the ATM (Automatic Teller Machine)? The people have ____41____ (argue) for years.
Now the UK government is ____42____ (clear) saying it was James Goodfellow____43____invented the ATM
Back in the mid-1960s, James Goodfellow was working ____44____a development engineer for Glasgow firm Kelvin
Hughes, and had been responsible for inventing a way to enable customers to withdraw cash from banks when Saturday
opening ended. “Most people____45____ (work) during the week couldn’t get to the bank. They wanted a solution to
it. The solution____46____ (be) a machine which would issue cash on demand to a ____47____ (recognize) customer,
he said. “I set about____48____(develop) a cash-issuing machine ____49____(make) this a reality, I invented the pin
(personal identification number) and an associated coded token (代币).”
The cash machine has become a world-conquering piece of technology. There are now 3 million ATMs
worldwide, with the number forecast to hit 4 million by 2020. The good news for Goodfellow is that people are
beginning to know him for his invention. Even ____50____(good) for him, the Home Office has now officially
recognized his other achievements.
【答案】
41．argued 42．clearly 43．who##that 44．as 45．working 46．was
47．recognized 48．developing 49．to make 50．better
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了自动取款机的发明者以及自动取款机的发展历史，以及此项发明的意义。
41．考查过去分词。句意：人们争论了很多年。结合空前的have和时间状语for years可知，句子是现在完成
时，且主语people和动词argue之间是主动关系，故此处用过去分词。故填argued。
42．考查副词。句意：现在英国政府明确表示，是James Goodfellow发明了自动取款机。修饰动词saying应用
副词clearly作状语。故填clearly。
43．考查强调句型。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是强调句型，被强调部分是主语 James Goodfellow，指人，
空处可填who或that。故填who/that。
44．考查介词。句意：早在20世纪60年代中期，James Goodfellow是Glasgow公司Kelvin Hughes的开发工程
师，他负责发明一种方法，让客户在周六营业结束时从银行提取现金。 空后的“a development engineer”表示
职务，故此处考查动词短语work as“ 担任……职务”，as是介词。故填as。
45．考查现在分词。句意：大多数工作日上班的人都不能去银行。分析句子结构，此处作后置定语，与前面名
词people构成主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填working。
46．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他说，解决方案是一台机器，它可以向被认可的客户按需发放现金。结合上
下文可知，文章是讲述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，主语The solution表示单数意义， be动词用was。故
填was。47．考查过去分词。句意同上。分析句子结构，此处修饰后面名词customer，非谓语动词recognize与customer
是被动关系，表示“被认可的”，用过去分词recognized作定语。故填recognized。
48．考查动名词。句意：为了实现这一目标，我开始开发一台现金发行机，我发明了 pin（个人识别号码）和
相关的编码令牌。set about doing sth.开始做某事，develop用动名词形式。故填developing。
49．考查动词不定式。句意同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to
make。
50．考查形容词比较级。句意：对他来说更好的是，内政部现在正式承认了他的其他成就。此处 even修饰比
较级，加强语气，故填better。
