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专题 04 冠词和名词
目录
一、考情解读............................................................................................................................................1
二、命题分析预测....................................................................................................................................1
三、考点必备知识通关............................................................................................................................1
四、重难点突破......................................................................................................................................17
五、考法解题能力提升..........................................................................................................................18
六、 精选考点题型专练........................................................................................................................20
一、考情解读
1.熟知冠词表示泛指和特指的基本用法。掌握含有冠词的固定搭配以及冠词的一些特殊用
法,并能在具体的语境中正确使用冠词。
2.掌握单数可数名词变复数的规则、名词构词法及名词所有格的表示方法。
3.明确哪些名词属于不可数名词,了解不可数名词的性质。熟悉含有名词的固定短语和搭
配。
二、命题分析预测
1.冠词是高考语法填空的常考点,集中体现在对不定冠词的泛指意义,定冠词的特指意义和含
有冠词的习惯搭配的考查。
2.名词通常是高考语法填空的必考点,常设置1—2题,主要体现在名词单复数、名词构词
法、固定短语或习惯搭配等方面。
三、考点必备知识通关
考点1 不定冠词a/an的用法
不定冠词有a,an两种形式,用来表示不特定的人或事物,一般修饰可数名词单数。
特别提醒 如何选择a/an?当紧跟冠词的名词或修饰词以辅音音素开头时,用不定冠词a;
当紧跟冠词的名词或修饰词以元音音素开头时,用不定冠词an。
【注意】 1.拼写以辅音字母开头,发音却以元音音素开头 的单词,如:
hour,honest,honor,NBA等,其前要用an。
2.拼写以元音字母开头,发音却以辅音音素开头的单词,如: useful,
university,usual,unit,uniform,European等,其前要用a。
Confucius was______extraordinary educator and philosopher, and founded Confucianism.
【解析】 句意:孔子是一位杰出的教育家和哲学家,他创立了儒家学说。此处表泛指,且
extraordinary的发音以元音音素开头,故应用不定冠词an。
知识1 不定冠词的基本用法
1.虽表示"一",但不强调数量概念。
►I have a bike. It's made in Shanghai.我有一辆自行车,它产于上海。
2.用于首次提到的对方不知道的人或物前。
►—There is a park on the corner of the street.这条街的拐角处有个公园。
—Is it big?它大吗?
3.用于可数名词单数前,泛指一类人或事物,或指同类人或事物中的"一个"。
►A bird has wings. 鸟有翅膀。
4.表示不确定的"某一",相当于a certain, some。
►A Mr. Wang came to see you this morning.今天早上一位王先生来找过你。
5表示"每一",相当于per或each,用于表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。
►The car can run 200 kilometres an hour.这种汽车每小时能行驶200千米。
6.用于"of a/an+名词"结构中,表示"同一",相当于the same,指具有相同的大小、尺寸、年龄
等。
►The two girls are of an age.这两个女孩儿同岁。
知识2 含有不定冠词的固定搭配
We can all play______ part in reaching the national food waste reduction goal — to reduce
food waste by 50% in the next 10 years.
【解析】 play a part in...意为"在……中发挥作用",为固定搭配,故填a。知识3 不定冠词的活用
1.不定冠词可用于某些具体化的抽象名词前。如:shame, surprise, pleasure, honour, success,
help, beauty, failure等。
►It's a pleasure for me to work with you.和你一起工作我非常高兴。
►She had been a beauty in her youth.她年轻时是个美人。
2.不定冠词用于序数词前表示"又一,再一"。
►Can you give me a second apple, please?请问你能再给我一个苹果吗?
3.不定冠词用于有形容词修饰的表示一日三餐的名词或专有名词前。
►I had a wonderful supper yesterday.昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。
►It is now a different China from what it was twenty years ago.现在的中国与二十年前的不同
了。
_______splendid Hangzhou is waiting to see you in 2022.
【解析】 Hangzhou是专有名词,其前有形容词splendid修饰,且splendid以辅音音素开
头,故此处应用不定冠词a,表示"一个极好的杭州"。注意此处冠词a应大写。故填A。
4.不定冠词可用于"take/have a+名词"结构,表示一次性的动作。如:have a rest休息,take a walk
散步,have a talk with sb.与某人谈话。
►Jack had a sound sleep last night.杰克昨晚睡了个好觉。
深化拓展 a(n)用于某些结构时的位置
1.many/such/what a(n)+(形容词+)可数名词单数
►Many a worker in our factory knows English.我们工厂里有很多工人懂英语。
►I have never read such an interesting book.我从来没读过这么有趣的书。
►What a clever boy he is!他是个多么聪明的男孩啊!
►It's quite a small house.这是一所相当小的房子。
►That's rather a/a rather sudden change.那一变化相当突然。
3.so/too/as/how+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数
►She is so good a girl that all the people like her. 她是一个非常好的女孩,所有人都喜欢她。
考点2 定冠词the的用法
知识1 定冠词的基本用法
1.前面已提及的人或物再次被提到时,或谈话双方都知道的人或物前,一般要加定冠词the,表特指。
►He bought a house.I've been to the house.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
2.用于可数名词单数前,表示一类人或事物。
►The rose is my favourite flower.玫瑰花是我最喜爱的花。
拓展延伸 "the+形容词(含分词形容词)"也可表示一类人或事物。常见的有:
the poor/rich穷人/富人 the old/young老人/年轻人
the dead/sick死人/病人 the weak/strong弱者/强者
the injured/unemployed伤员/失业者
the missing/living 失踪的人/活着的人
3.用于由短语或从句修饰的名词前,表特指。
►The key to the safe is lost.保险箱的钥匙丢了。
►The restaurant where I had my dinner last night is great.昨晚我去吃饭的那家餐馆很不错。
4.用于指世界上独一无二的事物。
►The earth goes around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
5.用于序数词、形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only,very,same等之前。
►Is this the first time you have visited Beijing?这是你第一次游览北京吗?
►He is the tallest in his class.他是他班里最高的。
►That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我一直在寻找的东西。
Over 100 panda fans sang Happy Birthday and enjoyed cake as they celebrated______38th
birthday of Xin Xing.
【解析】 此处表示庆祝大熊猫新星38岁生日。根据空后面的序数词38th可知,空处需
要用定冠词the。
6.用于表示姓氏的名词复数之前,表示一家人或夫妇二人。
►The Greens are on holiday now.格林一家/夫妇现在正在度假。
7.用于某些表示方向、方位、时间、方式等的固定短语中。
in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北方
on the right/left在右/左边 in the morning/afternoon在早上/下午8.用于表示演奏的西方乐器前。中国乐器前一般不用冠词the。
►She is learning to play the piano/guitar.她在学弹钢琴/吉他。
►My father is good at playing erhu.我父亲擅长拉二胡。
特别提醒 若不是表示演奏某种西方乐器,而只是简单提及乐器本身或者乐器前有修饰
语时,表示乐器的名词前不一定要用定冠词the。
►There is a violin in his room. 他的房间里有一把小提琴。
►She is playing a borrowed violin.她正在拉一把借来的小提琴。
9.用于表示江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、岛屿、海湾、海峡、报纸、书籍、会议、条约、某
些国家或组织等的专有名词前或者某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
the Pacific Ocean太平洋 the Thames 泰晤士河
the Yellow River黄河 the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉
the Odyssey《奥德赛》 the USA美国
the Great Wall长城 the World Cup世界杯
the World Table Tennis Championship世界乒乓球锦标赛
Today, the Long March for us is to achieve the "Two Centenary Goals" as well as______Chinese
Dream of national rejuvenation(复兴).
【解析】 Chinese Dream为普通名词构成的专有名词,因此其前用定冠词the。
知识2 含有定冠词的固定搭配
make the most/best of充分利用 in the end最后
by the way顺便说一下 in the distance在远处
in the face of 面对
The author shows the extreme struggle of the characters in_____face of hardships, and describes
the truth, the good and the beauty in human nature.
【解析】 句意:作者表现了人物面对苦难时的极端挣扎,描写了人性的真善美。in the
face of为固定搭配,表示"面对",故填 the。
知识3 定冠词的特殊用法
1.用于表示世纪、年代、朝代的名词以及逢十的词前(指某个年代)。in the 1990's 在20世纪90年代 the Qing Dynasty清朝
2.用于"动词(take/catch/pat/hit/…)+sb.+介词(by/in/on)+the+名词(身体某一部位)"结构。
【注意】名词前要用定冠词the,而不用物主代词。
►He hit me on the head.他击中了我的头。
3.用于表示度量单位的单数名词前。
常见的有:by the hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo,但是size/weight/time这类名词
与by连用时不加冠词。
►I hired the car by the hour.我按小时租了这辆车。
►Apples are sold by weight.苹果按重量出售。
4.用于"the+比较级…,the+比较级…"(越……越……)结构。
►The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.你越仔细,出的错就会越少。
考点3 零冠词的用法
知识1 零冠词的基本用法
1.(第一次使用的)不可数名词前通常不用冠词。
►Man needs air and water.人类需要空气和水。
2.名词复数泛指一类人或事物时,其前不用冠词。
►On weekends, shopping malls are always crowded with people.周末,商场里总是挤满了人。
3.表示街道、广场、公园、大学或某些杂志等的一些名词前,一般不用冠词。
Chang'an Street长安街 Tian'anmen Square天安门广场
Times Square 时代广场 Time《时代周刊》
Beihai Park北海公园 Tsinghua University清华大学
4.表示学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等的名词前不用冠词。
►I am very interested in English.我对英语很感兴趣。
►He is fond of playing chess.他喜欢下棋。
5.表示一日三餐等的名词前一般不用冠词。但若指具体的某顿饭或三餐前有形容词修饰时
要用冠词。
►The breakfast was well cooked.这顿早饭做得不错。
6.表示季节、月份、星期、节假日等的名词前往往不用冠词。
►Now it is truly autumn. 现在真的是秋天了。
in September 在九月 on Monday 在周一 on Children's day 在儿童节
特别提醒 1.若特指某一段时间或特定的时间概念,则用定冠词the;若表示"某一个(种/……)"这类概念时,季节名词前要用不定冠词。
►The spring of 2008 was a terrible spring. 2008年的春天是个糟糕的春天。
2."in (the)+表示四季的名词"结构中,the可以带上,也可以省略。
in (the) spring 在春季
7.名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等指示代词、物主代词或不定代词时不
用冠词。
►My pen is much more expensive than yours.我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了。
8.表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补语时,其前不用冠词。
►Mr. Brown, head of the group, will plan the whole trip.小组的组长布朗先生将会制订整个旅
行的计划。
知识2 含有零冠词的固定搭配
知识3 零冠词的特殊用法
1.turn(变成)后的可数名词单数作表语时,其前不用冠词。但名词前若有形容词修饰,则要加冠
词。
►His brother has turned writer.他弟弟已成为作家。
►Later she turned a successful singer.后来她成了一名成功的歌手。
2."表示类型的名词+of+可数名词单数"这一结构中,可数名词单数前不用冠词。
►This kind of question often appears in the exam.此类问题在考试中经常出现。
3.与by 连用的表示交通工具和通讯工具的名词之前不用冠词。
►It's quicker by plane than by ship.乘飞机比乘船快。
►I sent the letter by airmail.我把那封信空邮寄出了。
考点4 名词的数
知识1 可数名词
1.有些单数形式或复数形式的名词,单复数同形。
【注意】 根据上下文确定它们是单数还是复数。
(单数形式)sheep羊 deer鹿 Chinese中国人 Japanese日本人
(复数形式)species物种 series系列 means方式
特别提醒 fish指"鱼"时,复数形式用fish;指"许多种类的鱼"时,复数形式为fishes;指"鱼
肉"时,为不可数名词。2.有些单数形式的名词表示复数意义。
【注意】 此类名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
cattle 牛 people人们 police 警察
特别提醒 有些复数形式的名词,并不表示复数意义。
注意:此类名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
physics物理 maths数学 politics政治 news消息
3.一般而言,集体名词若强调一个整体,用作单数;若强调各个成员,用作复数。
常见的集体名词有:audience观众, class班级, family家庭, group小组, committee 委员会。
►Her family is well-known in the region.她家在该地区很出名。(强调整体)
►His family are all music lovers.他们一家人都是音乐爱好者。(强调具体成员)
特别提醒 集体名词本身也有单复数变化。
►Our grade is composed of twenty classes. 我们年级有二十个班级。
4.可数名词变复数的规则变化
构成方法 例词
1 一般在词尾加-s map→maps
sea→seas
girl→girls
day→days
2 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词后加-es(如果词尾- class→classes
ch的发音为/k/,要加-s,如stomach) box→boxes
watch→watches
dish→dishes
3 以-f或-fe结尾的词 变-f或-fe为-v,再加- leaf→leaves
es knife→knives
wife→wives
wolf→wolves
life→lives
thief→thieves
加-s belief→beliefs
chief→chiefsroof→ro
ofs gulf→gulfs
4 以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,变-y为-i加-es party→parties
family→familiesstory
→stories
5 以元音字母加-y结尾的名词,加-s toy→toys
boy→boysday→days
ray→rays
构成方法 例词
6 以辅音字母加-o结尾 加-es(有生命的词) hero→heroes
potato→potatoes的名词 tomato→tomatoes
加-s(无生命的词) piano→pianos
photo→photos
kilo→kilos
两者皆可(有/无生命 volcano→volcanoes/
的词) volcanos
7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio→radios
zoo→zoos
bamboo→bamboos
8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth→truths
mouth→mouths
month→months
巧学妙记
1.名词单数变复数规则变化歌诀:
名词单数变复数,直接加-s占多数。
词尾若是-s,-x,-sh,-ch,直接加上-es。
词尾若是-f或-fe,变-f/-fe为-v,再加-es。
辅音字母加-y,要变-y为-i加-es。
词尾字母若是-o,加-es的有hero,tomato和potato。
2.巧记变复数时变-f/-fe为-v,再加-es的名词:
妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf),小偷(thief)见了着了慌,架子(shelf)底下躲己(self)命(life),
半片(half)树叶(leaf)遮目光。
Sheriff Chip Hughes spoke with reporters from several news_______(agency).
【解析】 agency是可数名词,根据空前的several可知,空处需要用名词复数,agency的复
数形式要变-y为-i再加-es。故填agencies。
5.可数名词变复数的不规则变化
构成方法 例词
1 增加字母 child→children
ox→oxen
2 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man→men
woman→women
foot→feet
goose→geese
mouse→mice
3 单复数同形 sheep deer series
means species4 表示 加-s American→American
s
"某国人"的名词
German→Germans
Greek→Greeks
单复数同形 Portuguese Chinese
Japanese
有些词以-man或- Englishman→English
woman结尾,分别改 men
为-men或-women
巧学妙记 名词单数变复数不规则变化歌诀:
oo变ee, foot→feet是一例;
男人女人a变e, (wo)man→(wo)men又一例。
还有几个要记准,child变children,ox变oxen法不一。
鹿和绵羊是一家,单复同形记心里。
—Where did you two have your______(stomach) examined?
—At the doctor's.We were examined by two famous______(German).
【解析】 第一空指的是两个人的胃,所以stomach要用复数形式,又因为此单词中-ch的
发音为/k/, 所以stomach变复数时要在后面加-s;由答语中的two可知,第二空所填词表示复
数概念,German的复数形式为Germans。故填stomachs; Germans。
6.复合名词的单复数变化
复合名词 将主体名词变为复数 son-in-law→sons-in-law
looker-on→lookers-on
passer-by→passers-by
story-teller→story-tellers
无主体名词时,通常把最后一 grown-up→grown-ups
个词变为复数 standby→standbys
"man/woman+名词"构成的复 woman singer→women
合名词变复数时,man/woman singers
和名词通常均变为复数
man servant→men servants
7.外来名词的单复数变化
criterion → criteria 标准 phenomenon → phenomena 现象
analysis → analyses 分析 basis → bases 基础
crisis → crises 危机 thesis → theses 论文
diagnosis → diagnoses 诊断 bacterium → bacteria 细菌
medium → media媒体 datum → data 数据curriculum → curricula/curriculums 全部课程
知识2 不可数名词
1.物质名词、抽象名词大多为不可数名词。这些名词一般没有复数形式。常见的不可数名
词有:
furniture 家具 equipment 设备 clothing 衣服(总称)
news 新闻 information 信息 toothpaste 牙膏
bread 面包 knowledge知识 poetry诗歌(总称)
machinery机器(统称) advice 建议 weather 天气
progress进步 baggage 行李 work 工作
luck运气 music音乐 wealth 财富
2."of+抽象名词"相当于形容词。能用在此结构中的抽象名词有importance, value, use,
significance, help, interest, benefit等。
►This dictionary is of great value(=very valuable) to students.这本词典对学生来说很有用。
►You'll find this map of great use (=very useful) on your tour around Europe.你会发现这张地图
对你周游欧洲很有用。
知识3 表示数量的词(组)与名词的搭配
修饰可数名词复数的词(组) a few, few, several, various, many, a great/good
many, a number of,
hundreds/thousands/dozens/…+of
修饰不可数名词的词(组) a little, little, much, a great/good deal of, a large
amount of, large amounts of
既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词 some, a lot of, lots of, enough, plenty of, any, a
的词(组) large quantity of, large quantities of
通关秘籍
1.高考语法填空考查名词的单复数时,往往会给出提示词,此时我们要结合语境,并分析句子成
分来判断是否用名词,并确定其单复数形式。
2.可数名词单数变复数是一个重要的知识点,学习时主要掌握三种情况:
(1)规则变化;(2)不规则变化;(3)复合名词的变化方式。
One is Smartkins Animals, which helps many______ (child) identify more than 100 animals and
the other is Rainbow Colors, which teaches kids colors.
【解析】 根据空前的many可知,空处应该用child的复数形式,注意child变复数形式是在其后加-ren。故填children。
深化拓展
1.名词的特殊情况
(1)有些单词和短语常使用复数形式
①表示由两个相连的类似部分组成的事物的名词只用复数形式,如:jeans, pants, scissors,
compasses, glasses。
②表示问候、祝贺、感谢等的名词常用复数形式,常见的有greetings, wishes, congratulations,
thanks等。
③一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有take turns to do sth., in high spirits, make
friends with, shake hands with, broaden one's horizons等。
(2)以复数形式出现的书名、戏剧名、报纸名、杂志名、国家名等应视为单数。
►The Arabian Nights is a very interesting storybook. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事
书。
►The United States is a developed country.美国是个发达国家。
2.作可数和不可数均可的名词
(1)一些名词通常表示抽象概念,是不可数名词,但被赋予了具体含义之后,可作可数名词,即抽
象名词具体化。
词汇 抽象名词(不可数) 具体化后(可数)
beauty 美,美貌 美人,美好的事物
danger 危险 危险的事或人
failure 失败 失败的事或人
success 成功,胜利 成功的事或人
honour 尊敬,敬意 令人尊敬的人或事
pleasure 愉快,快乐 乐事
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事
pity 怜悯,同情 憾事
(2)有些名词作可数名词和不可数名词时含义有所不同。
词汇 不可数名词 可数名词
paper 纸 试卷,报纸,论文
chicken 鸡肉 鸡
fish 鱼肉 鱼
iron 铁 熨斗
(3)有些物质名词具体为有形或有数量的相应事物时为可数名词。coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡 tea茶→a tea一杯茶
drink饮料/酒→a drink一杯饮料/酒
(4)专有名词一般被视为不可数名词,但有时其前可加不定冠词或用复数形式表示特殊含义。
►How I wish to be a Thomas Edison!我多么想成为像托马斯·爱迪生一样的人物啊!
考点5 名词所有格
所有格作定语,修饰另一名词,表示所有关系。它有两种形式:一种在名词后加-'s,另一种由"介
词of+名词"构成。前者多用于有生命的事物或人,后者多用于无生命的事物。
知识1 -'s所有格
1.-'s所有格的构成规则:
构成 例子
单数名词词尾通常加-'s;复数名词词尾没有-s the boy's schoolbag那个男孩的书包the
时,也要加-'s children's toys那些孩子的玩具
以-s结尾的复数名词后直接加"'" teachers' office 教师办公室
以-s结尾的单数名词或专有名词之后 my boss's/boss' plan我老板的计
加"'"或-'s均可 划James'/James's eyes詹姆斯的眼睛
复合名词一般在最后一个词的词尾加-'s my brother-in-law's birthday我姐夫的生日
2.-'s所有格的用法
主要用于表示有生命的东西的名词,也可用于表示时间、距离、重量、城市、国家等无生命
的事物的名词。
a week's holiday一周的假期
a thirty minutes' ride 三十分钟的车程
an hour and a half's walk 步行一个半小时的路程
Since most students are in need of a nap, proper arrangements should be made so that students can
have a good rest after a whole______ (morning) hard work.
【解析】 此处表示"一整个上午的努力学习之后",应填名词所有格morning's。
特别提醒
1.并列的名词变所有格时的情况:
若表示不同的所有关系,则分别在两个名词后加-'s;若表示共有关系,则只在最后一个名词后
加-'s。如:
Kate and Mary's room凯特和玛丽共有的房间Kate's and Mary's rooms 凯特和玛丽各自的房间
2.可将所有格后面的名词省略的情况:
(1)名词所有格所修饰的词如果在前面已经出现过,往往可以省略,以免重复。
►This bike is not mine, nor Tom's.这辆自行车不是我的,也不是汤姆的。
(2)用于表示店铺、医院、住宅及公共建筑等的名词时,所有格之后的office, shop, house等常
省去。如:
at the doctor's (office)在(医生的)诊所里
at the barber's (shop) 在理发店
at Mr. Green's (house)在格林先生家
3.不定代词后接 else时,-'s加在 else之后。如:
somebody else's bag别人的包
知识2 of所有格
用法 例子
表示所属关系 the title of the book书的标题
表示主谓关系 the arrival of the visitors参观者的到来
表示同位关系 the city of Beijing北京市
表示部分与整体关系 some of the students学生中的一些
表示内容 the news of victory捷报
后跟较长定语的名词要用of所有格 the advice of the old man experiencing a lot这
位饱经沧桑的老人的建议
含有一系列名词时要用of所有格 a friend of Jim, Jack and Mark吉姆、杰克和
马克的一位朋友
知识3 双重所有格
构成及用法 例子
构成 名词+of+-'s所有格 a friend of my brother's我弟
弟的一位朋友
名词+of+名词性物主代词 a good friend of mine 我的一
个好朋友
用法 表示部分概念,被双重所有格 Some friends of my brother's
修饰的名词前往往有表示数 have arrived. 我哥哥的几位
量的词,如a, one,two,some, 朋友已经到了。
several, a few, many等
So far,I have read a few books
of Mo Yan's.到目前为止,我已
经读了莫言的一些书。
表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感 This little cat of your sister's is
情色彩,被双重所有格修饰的 really cute.你妹妹的这只小猫
名词前常有指示代词 this, 真可爱。
that, these, those等
I hate those words of Mary's.我讨厌玛丽的那些话。
特别提醒
of所有格和双重所有格容易混淆的情况:
四、重难点突破
难点 冠词使用情况的对比
1.表示一类人或事物时冠词的具体用法。
形式 含义 例句
a/an+单数名词 侧重类别中任何一个,相当于 A man should love his country.
every 人应该爱国。
the+单数名词 指整个类别 Who invented the television?
谁发明了电视机?
零冠词+复数名词 侧重类别中的许多个体 Farmers are busy in autumn.农
民们在秋天很忙。
2.and连接的两个名词指同一个人或事物时,后面一个名词前不用任何冠词;但如果指不同的
人或事物,则两个名词前要分别加冠词。
►The teacher and writer has come to the meeting.这位老师兼作家来参加会议了。
►The teacher and the writer have come to the meeting.这位老师和这位作家都来参加会议了。
3.表示语言的名词前通常不用任何冠词;但是如果该种语言与language连用,则其前要用定冠
词the。
►He speaks Chinese (=the Chinese language) fluently.他汉语说得很流利。
4.表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the,但如果名词前有修饰语,表示某种
具体情况,可用不定冠词。
the world世界 a peaceful world一个和平的世界
the moon月亮 a bright moon一轮明月
5.与most连用时用a或the的结构
►This is a most interesting film.这是一部非常有趣的电影。
►This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。
6.school,hospital等词表示抽象意义时,其前常不用任何冠词;但是当这些词表示场所时要加
冠词。
►He is seriously ill and has to go to hospital.他病得很重,不得不去医院看病。
►I am going to the hospital to visit a sick friend.我打算去医院看望一位生病的朋友。
7.festival构成的节日名称前通常用定冠词;day构成的节日名称前通常不加任何冠词。the Spring Festival春节 Teachers' Day教师节
8.形容词的最高级作表语,表示自身比较时,其前一般不用任何冠词;但如果作定语,表示三者
或三者以上的比较,则the不能省略。
►He feels happiest when he's working for others.为别人工作时他觉得最幸福。
►The best student in my class is the shortest boy with the shortest hair.我班里最优秀的学生是
那个个头最矮、头发最短的男孩。
考法1 考查冠词的基本用法
考法2 考查冠词的常用搭配
考法3 考查语境中名词的数和词形转换
五、考法解题能力提升
考法1 考查冠词的基本用法
命题透视 高考常从冠词的泛指和特指方面进行考查。涉及冠词的考点主要有:
1.首次提到的人或物用不定冠词。
2.上文已提到的人或物,再次提到时其前加定冠词the;或上文未提到,但根据语境可判断出谈
话双方都知道的人或物前加定冠词the。
3.被修饰语限定的名词前通常加定冠词the。
4.比较等级前冠词的用法和序数词前冠词的用法。
方法点拨 弄清名词的数,考虑特指或泛指
1.要弄清楚这个名词是可数还是不可数,若是可数名词,是单数还是复数;
2.要考虑语境中这个名词是特指还是泛指,然后决定冠词的形式;
3.要注意:复数名词、不可数名词表泛指时前面不用任何冠词,单数名词前一般要加冠词;
4.判断一个名词是否特指,应该看它是不是唯一具有这个特征的事物,不能只看到有定语或定
语从句修饰或限制,就认为这个名词是特指。
Of______ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one
is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【解析】 句意:在这19个已知的北极熊亚种群中,有3个正在减少,6个保持稳定,1个在
增长,还有9个缺乏足够的数据。由语境可知,此处表示特指,故填定冠词the。
【考法总结】 考查了定冠词表示"特指"的基本用法。语法填空涉及定冠词和不定冠词的题目,一般都是考查其基本用法。
考法2 考查冠词的常用搭配
命题透视 高考对固定搭配中冠词的考查,集中在了2018年和2017年。虽然近两年没有
直接考查,但备考时仍需归纳积累常见的含有冠词的固定搭配,以备不时之需。
方法点拨 牢记含有冠词的固定搭配
固定搭配中冠词的用法极其繁杂,在平时的学习中,考生应该注意进行梳理归纳。同时,也要
格外注意题意,因为在有些搭配中,选用不同的冠词,意义相差很大。
Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at______top of her lungs.
【解析】 句意:出人意料的是,我和那只大猩猩面对面,她开始声嘶力竭地尖叫。at the top
of为固定搭配。故填the。
考法3 考查语境中名词的数和词形转换
命题透视 高考对名词的考查离不开具体的语境。通常从以下角度进行考查:
1.根据语境判断名词的单复数;
2.根据语境及句子结构将提示词变成名词;
3.名词的固定搭配;
4.名词的所有格。
方法点拨
1.首先根据提示信息确定考点(如词形转换、名词单复数、名词的所有格、名词的固定搭配
等),结合语境及空处前后内容及该词的具体用法确定答案。
2.在平时的备考中考生要掌握足够的词汇,熟知其常见搭配和用法,并熟练掌握常用的名词词
缀知识。
No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various______ (activity) on
Earth Day.
【解析】 句意:无论你喜欢做什么,总有一种方式可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据句意、句子结构以及空前的various可知,空处填复数名词activities,表示泛指。
Filled with______ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
【解析】 由介词with可知,此处应用名词形式。curious的名词形式为curiosity。又
curiosity在此表示"好奇心",为不可数名词,故填curiosity。
【考法总结】 本题考查了词形转换(形容词→名词),考生对提示词加后缀(如:-tion, -ist,
-ment, -ty, -cy,-er,-or等)变为名词的知识要多加关注。
六、精选考点题型专练
1. — It’s reported that 5G network will let people download and upload faster than before.
— What ________ amazing news!
A. a B. the C. an D. /
2. Though Bill is very young, he has a lot of _______ about Chinese history.
A. information B. knowledge C. background D. experience
3. —______ Smiths are used to living in Shanghai now.
—We hope more and more foreign friends live better life in China.
A. /; a B. The; an C. The; a D. /; the
4. Wechat (微信) is one of the most convenient ways of _______.
A. information B. competition C. communication D. pollution
5. Our English teacher told us ______ interesting story and ______ story was about Thomas
Edison.
A. an; a B. the; the C. a; the D. an; the
6.. —Have you paid the ______?
—Yes. It’s ten more dollars this month.
A. bill B. price C. value D. menu
7.There is_____ map of China on the wall in my bedroom.
A .a B. an C. the
8. The article gives students some___________ about how to stay safe online.
A. suggestions B. activities C. decisions D. advantages
9. Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the world’s longest sea-based project, brings people in
those three cities within _______ “one-hour living circle”.A. a B. an C. the D. /
10. —I go running every day.
—Wow! That’s a good______. It keeps you healthy.
A. task B. exercise C. habit
11.The UN set October 16th as World Food Day to tell people to value food _____ care more
about the hunger problem.
A. but B. so C. and
12.. The woman wearing a pair of glasses is________.
A. Lily and Lucy’s mother B. Lily’s and Lucy’s mother
C. Lily’s and Lucy’s mothers D. Lily and Lucy ‘s mothers
13. Let’s play ________ basketball after school.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
14. My cousin and I often walk to the _______ to see pandas on weekends.
A. bank B. zoo C. market
15.—You’ve dropped ______ “s” in the word “necessary”.
—Oh, ______ letter “s” is doubled.
A.a, a B.a, the C.an, the D.the, the
16. High-speed trains are seen as one of the new Four Great _____ of China.
A. Achievements B. Agreements C. Environments D. Instruments
17.—Mike! Our country is building the third aircraft carrier (航天母舰). Xinhua News Agency
reported last month.
—What ______ unusual thing! I’m proud ______ it.
A.a; of B. an; of C. the; in D. /; in
18. He rides a bike to work every day in order to keep in ______.
A. support B. service C. surface D. shape
19. Lily practices playing ___________ piano after school every day.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
20. — Could you tell me how to start a conversation with people from England?
— I think talking about the ________ is the first choice.
A. age B. family C. money D. weather
21. We can’t see ______ sun at night.
A. a B. an C. the22.—Look! They are ______.
—Yes.We are proud of them.
A.man scientist B.women scientists
C.woman scientists D.man scientists
23. Berlin is _______ capital of Germany.
A. / B. a C. the
24. room looks very clean.
A. Bob and Dave’s B. Bob’s and Dave’s C. Bob’s and Dave
25. Laura is _______ 11-year-old girl. She is good at playing guitar.
A. /; a B. an; / C. an; the D. a; an
26.— Keep quiet! I need complete_______ when I’m working.
—Sorry, dad. I won’t make any noise again.
A. trust B. silence C. control D. strength
27. I am going to have ______ picnic on ______ Sunday.
A. the; an B. an; the C. a; 不填 D. an; 不填
28. Upstairs are bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But are in a mess.
A. Lily’s and Lucy’s; our B. Lily’s and Lucy’s; ours
C. Lily’s and Lucy; ours D. Lily and Lucy’s; our
29. One of his daughters became _______ English teacher last August.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
30. — The relations between my parents have become difficult. What should I do?
—You could do more jobs around the house so that they have more time for proper ______.
A. instrument B. communication C. community
31.If you want to take ______ short ride in the city, choose _______ shared bike.
A. a; / B. the; the C. a; a D. /; a
32. We have wider _____ in our village, so we can go out more easily now.
A. houses B. roads C. schools D. hospitals
33.This year is _____70th anniversary (周年) of the founding of the People’s
Republic of China.
A. a B. an C. the
34. US scientist Edward T. Hall said that in a conversation between two people, 65% of ________is done through body language.
A. application B. pronunciation C. introduction D. communication
35.I usually have _______ egg and some bread for breakfast.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
36. My daughter helps me cook, but she isn’t old enough to be left alone in the ______.
A. bedroom B. classroom C. lab D. kitchen
37. Our National Day is on ______ first day in ______ October.
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; 不填 D. a; 不填
38. If I leave my house at 9 o’clock and drive to the airport, I'll arrive at about 11. So it's about
two_________ drive from my house to the airport.
A. hours’ B. hour’s C. hours
39. —Mum, I m going on a picnic with my friends today.
—Have ______ good day.
A. a B. an C. /
40. —Sally’s favorite _______ is orange.
—I see. That’s why all her sweaters are orange.
A. fruit B. color C. juice
41. Bill bought ______ useful book. ________ book is very interesting.
A. a; The B. a; A C. an; The D. an; A
42. —What will you win after winning the competition in the program Stay to the
End(一站到底)？
—A free trip to Bali Island.
A. prize B. attention C. advice
43.—Judy, how was ______ camping?
—The other campers were nice, and we had ______ fun time together.
A.a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a
44. —Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our________?
—Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast.
A. hotel B. school C. factory D. company
45. Autumn is ___________ beautiful season with fresh air and fallen leaves.
A.／ B. an C. the D. a46. —What else do we need to make cold beef？
— .
A. Two spoons salt B. Two spoons of salts C. Two spoons of salt
47. I’d like some ________ and ________.
A. banana; tomato B. bananas; tomato
C. bananas; tomatoes D. banana; tomatoes
48. Americans always use ______ to have meals while Chinese use chopsticks.
A. knife B. bowl C. forks
49.In China, the color red is the ________ of good luck.
A. dream B. way C. symbol D. reason
50. I’m not hungry at all because I have just had much__________.
A.bread B. pears C. eggs
51.（2021 湖南百校联考,61）He made a poster to show his cause and couldn’t wait to get
started on his walk next day when he arrived home from kindergarten.
52.（2021安徽江淮十校二测,49）Du Fu’s last years were spent moving from place to place,
including two-year period at Kuizhou.
53.（2021 广东揭阳期中）Later kite flying gradually became outdoor activity for
recreation as well as art and has been warmly welcome for centuries.
54.（2021湖北六校联考,36）They may be a comfortable and convenient choice, but blue jeans
could be harming planet.
55.（2021四省八校开学考,66）Dr. Franz Holker said artificial light is threat to our
natural environment.
56.（2021 广东新高考适应性测试卷,57）It is believed that our athletic skills and language
learning skills are located in same area of the brain.
57.（2021贵州贵阳摸底考试,68）African music is currently window to the African
cultural experience.
58.（2020 安徽合肥调研,65）Kambugu has witnessed how the Belt and Road Initiative is
changing life for better in East Africa so far.
59.（2020陕西部分学校摸底检测,66）They discovered that singing in groups played
____essential part in helping people recover from mental illness.60.（2020黑龙江哈尔滨第六中学期中,85）The Chinese people are more confident about and
more capable of reaching goal of national renewal than ever before.
61.（2021湘豫名校联考,69）When the fruits are eaten, the seeds inside them go undamaged
through (animal)stomachs and are passed out in their droppings.
62.（2021河北衡水中学期中,68&69）Meanwhile, there is now a lot of (compete)
among bike-sharing providers because of their (popular).
63.（2021 湖南百校联考,64 & 65）I hope it is just the (begin) for him in
understanding on how one person can really make a (different).
64.（2021湖北六校联考,39）Some of the microfibers were found at a (deep) of 1,500
meters, but why they could travel a long distance was still unknown.
65.（2021 山东潍坊阶段性监测,62）We studied books on forestry and attended various
(course) to learn as much as we could about the subject.
66.（2021浙江嘉兴教学测试,56）Jim and I first met Tom and Gee in the early days of our
(marry).
67.（2020 广东佛山七校联考,45）At this moment,he noticed several rather fragrant
(leaf) dropping from the tree beside him.
68.（2020湖北部分重点中学联考,69）My best (memory) of Chinese food were
when I first learned to use the chopsticks.
69.（2020江西南昌重点中学段考,64）Also, power walking decreases the risk of serious
(illness) like high blood pressure, heart attacks and certain types of cancers.
70.（2020河南洛阳第一次联考,62）There are the annual holiday servings of baozi and jiaozi
and a (various) of treats containing bean pastes.
71.（2016 甲卷(全国Ⅱ),68）Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for
while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
72.（2016浙江,2） prize for the winner of the competition is two-week
holiday in Paris.
73.（2020 新高考Ⅰ(山东),44）Historical (accurate) is important but so is
entertainment.
74.（2020浙江,62）Later, they learned to work with the (season), planting at the right
time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.75.（2020浙江,58）For Japan, the (number) are more striking — 22 in 1950, 46 today
and 53 in 2050.
76.（2019全国Ш,66）When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us
know of an interesting (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
77.（2019浙江,64）Other American studies showed no (connect) between uniforms
and school performance.
78.（2018全国Ш,66）I’m a (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
79.（2018 浙江,64）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in
food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.
80.（2018全国Ⅰ,67）…a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart
disease and early deaths from all (cause).
81.（2018浙江,56）Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
语法填空（冠词和名词）
Across northern Africa, the desert is steadily growing. Dry lands are spreading. But a bold
project known as the Great Green Wall aims to stop the 1 (grow) of the desert. The ambitious
program includes plans 2 (help) protect and maintain resources and fight poverty.
Farmers are learning to care for their land and use water 3 (wise). They are also planting
millions of trees and crops. The Great Green Wall would cover 4 area more than 4,000 miles
wide — from Senegal in the west to Djibouti in the east.
The Great Green Wall 5 (approve) by the African Union in 2007. The program receives
support from the United Nations, the World Bank, and other groups.
The Great Green Wall’s trees provide a barrier 6 desert winds and help hold
moisture(水分) in the air and soil, _ _ 7 (allow) crops to grow. In time, the richer soil will
provide more land for animals to graze on. More resources will bring more jobs. "The goal is to
create sustainable land management," said Nora Berrahmouni, a forestry officer 8 __ works
with the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization.
Trees and crops have been planted in Senegal and Niger. An 9 (add) benefit of the Great
Green Wall is that countries in the region are sharing information about which programs work and
which don’t. Now, along with trees, 1 0 _ (idea) are taking root.
