文档内容
【高频考点解密】2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练（全国通
用）
12.完形填空题型解答策略
1
Mind-reading AI turns thoughts into words using a brain implant
An artificial intelligence can accurately translate thoughts into sentences, at least for a limited vocabulary of
250 words. The system may bring us a step closer to ____1____ speech to people who have lost the ability because
of paralysis.
Joseph Makin at the University of California, San Francisco, and his colleagues used deep learning algorithms
to study the brain ____2____ of four women as they spoke. The women, who all have epilepsy, already had
electrodes attached to their brains to ____3____ seizures. Each woman was asked to read aloud from a set of
sentences as the team measured brain activity. The largest group of sentences ____4____ 250 unique words.
The team fed this brain activity to a neural network algorithm, training it to identify regularly ____5____
patterns that could be linked to repeated aspects of speech, such as vowels or consonants. These patterns were then
fed to a second neural network, which tried to turn them into words to ____6____ a sentence.
Each woman repeated the sentences at least twice, and the final repetition didn’t form part of the training data,
____7____ the researchers to test the system. Each time a person speaks the same sentence, the brain activity
associated will be similar but not identical. “Memorising the brain activity of the these sentences wouldn’t help, so
the network instead has to learn what’s similar about them so that it can generalise to this final example,” says
Makin. Across the four women, the AI’s best ____8____ was an average translation error rate of 3 percent.
Makin says that using a small number of sentences made it easier for the AI to learn which words tend to
follow others. For example, the AI was able to decode that the word “Turner” was always likely to follow the word
“Tina” in this set of sentences, from brain ____9____ alone.
The team tried decoding the brain signal data into _____10_____ words at time, rather than whole sentences,
but this increased the error rate to 38 per cent even for the best performance. “So the network clearly is learningfacts about which words go together, and not just which neural activity _____11_____ to which words,” says
Makin. This will make it hard to _____12_____ the system to a larger vocabulary because each new word
increases the number of possible sentences, reducing _____13_____.
Making says 250 words could still be useful for people who can’t talk. “We want to deploy this in a patient
with an actual speech disability,” he says, although it is possible their brain activity may be different from that of
the women in this study, making this more _____14_____.
Sophie Scott at University College London says we are a long way from being able to translate brain signal
data comprehensively. “You probably know around 250, 000 words, so it’s still an incredibly _____15_____ set of
speech that they’re using,” she says.
1. A. inspecting B. restoring C. admiring D. inspiring
2. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. awareness D. signals
3. A. monitor B. master C. control D. expect
4. A. concluded B. excluded C. contained D. increased
5. A. extended B. occurring C. ignored D. concerned
6. A. form B. handle C. hand D. force
7. A. issuing B. producing C. allowing D. acquiring
8. A. behavior B. comment C. preparation D. performance
9. A. possibility B. activity C. capacity D. responsibility
10. A. individual B. financial C. social D. technical
11. A. serves B. finishes C. maps D. competes
12. A. switch up B. put up C. rise up D. scale up
13. A. privacy B. accuracy C. currency D. fluency
14. A. critical B. specific C. proper D. difficult
15. A. committed B. oppressed C. restricted D. dominated
2
This forum is the first of its kind since China put forward the goal of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutral”. It
will be held ___16___ and offline for three days, including the opening and closing ___17___, two keynote
forums and six parallel sub-forums. About 400 guests ___18___ domestic and foreign government departments,
international organizations, academia and business communities attended the conference to discuss ___19___ and
measures to promote green and low-carbon development in different fields.
“Hunan province and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) have jointly hosted four Asia-Pacific Green andLow-carbon Development Summits, which have not only yielded outstanding ___20___ in opening-up and
cooperation, but also ___21___ together many innovative achievements.” Chen Wenhao, vice governor of Hunan
Province, said the Forum has become an ___22___ platform for exchanges and cooperation in green and low-
carbon development and an important medium for publicity and promotion of green and low-carbon technologies.
In recent years, Hunan has always adhered to the path of ecological priority, green and low-carbon ___23___ .
Over the past five years, the province's investment in ecological environment has increased by 16% annually,
unsafe, backward and substandard environmental protection production capacity has been basically ___24___ up,
and the total output value of the environmental protection ___25___ has reached nearly 300 billion yuan. The
___26___ amount of pollution emission continues to decrease. The forest coverage rate is 59.96%, the wetland
protection rate is 75.77%, the forest stock volume is 588 million cubic meters, and the proportion of days with good
urban ___27___ quality reaches 91.7%. The blue sky, clear water and green mountains are becoming the beautiful
name cards of Hunan.
“Hunan will adhere to the green transformation as the driving force, and ___28___ the second phase of
cooperation memorandum with ADB, ___29___ the development and application of green and low-carbon
technology, clarify the timetable, road map and construction drawing of carbon peak development, establish and
improve the production ___30___, circulation system and consumption system of green and low-carbon circular
development.” Chen wenhao said the government should turn ecological advantages into development advantages
and speed up efforts to turn “clear waters and lush mountains” into “mountains of gold and silver.”
16. A. past B. online C. cooperation D. share
17. A. speech B. economics C. ceremonies D. communication
18. A. from B. of C. to D. for
19. A. challenges B. mistakes C. issues D. opportunities
20. A. questions B. results C. pleasure D. features
21. A. brought B. though C. thought D. saw
22. A. easy B. simply C. hard D. important
23. A. development B. public C. merit D. dependent
24. A. turned B. cleared C. jumped D. cleaned
25. A. element B. operate C. industry D. corporation
26. A. huge B. small C. total D. little
27. A. air B. soil C. headwater D. light28. A. stood B. relate C. consulted D. signed
29. A. worthy B. trust C. promote D. try
30. A. software B. goods C. part D. system
3
Ecology is a complicated thing. Given the facts that elephant damage often kills trees and bush fires often kill
trees, it would be____31____to assume that a combination of the two would make things worse. Contrary to this
assumption, ____32____, as the recently-published research by Benjamin Wigley shows, if a tree has already been
damaged, fire can____33____help to make things better.
One common way in which elephants harm trees is by stripping(剥) them of their bark(树皮). Dr Wigley, who
did indeed start from the obvious____34____, set off to find out how much worse bush fires would make the
effects of this bark stripping. To serve this purpose, he set up a study in the Kruger National Park. Since 1954, the
Kruger has been the site of experiments in which plots of land have been burned____35____, to understand the
effects of fire on plain ecology. In these experiments, Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of
which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by
contrast, was actively____36____fire. To keep things consistent, he looked at the fate of the same tree species, the
marula(马鲁拉树), in all three zones. He picked marulas because they are particular____37____of elephant
activity. Their fruit are delicious, and prized by elephants and people alike. But elephants also seem to enjoy eating
their bark. In July 2016 he and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used special tools
to____38____from each of them a circular section of bark 5 cm in diameter. Having imposed this damage,
they____39____the wounds over the course of the following two years, to see what would happen. To
their____40____, they discovered that the wounds of trees in fire zones recovered far better than those of trees that
had seen no fires at all. Wounded trees in the annual burn zone re-grew 98% of their lost____41____during the two
years of the study. Those living in the biennial(两年一次的) burn zone re-grew 92% of it. But those in the zone
where fires were____42____re-grew only 72%.
The researchers also found something else when they were measuring the trees’ wounds: ants. Ten of the 20
trees in the fire-prevention zone developed ant colonies in their wounds. The ants in question were a species that is
known to damage trees and is supposed to____43____tissue healing. By contrast, only five trees in the biennial
burn zone and three in the annual zone developed ants’ nests in their wounds. It looks, therefore, as if bush fires are
treating trees’ wounds by killing ants that might____44____colonize and damage them. Though such fires are
surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if they areactually____45____to sick ones.
31. A. difficult B. reasonable C. necessary D. awful
32. A. however B. therefore C. furthermore D. somehow
33. A. uniquely B. barely C. actually D. merely
34. A. phenomenon B. evidence C. imagination D. assumption
35. A. equally B. regularly C. severely D. purposely
36. A. burnt with B. protected from C. covered by D. exposed to
37. A. participants B. partners C. victims D. friends
38. A. mark B. remove C. hit D. measure
39. A. regulated B. checked C. healed D. monitored
40. A. disappointment B. surprise C. joy D. relief
41. A. vitality B. height C. bark D. strength
42. A. controlled B. prevented C. started D. boosted
43. A. disturb B. promote C. impact D. quicken
44. A. therefore B. nevertheless C. then D. otherwise
45. A. beneficial B. unbelievable C. effective D. cruel
4
Food to Be Engineered to Be More Nutritious
“Natural” is a buzz term food marketeers love to use, but barely any of our current produce ever existed in the
natural world. The fruit and vegetables that we enjoy today have been selectively bred over thousands of years,
often transformed out of all ____46____ from the original wild crop.____47____ , carrots weren’t originally
orange, they were scrawny and white; peaches once resembled cherries and tasted salty.
However, the selective breeding for big and tasty ____48____ , combined with intensive farming practices,
has sometimes come at a(n) ____49____ cost. Protein, calcium, iron, vitamin B2 and C have all ____50____ in
fruit and vegetables over the past century, with today’s vegetables having about two-thirds of the minerals they used
to have.
By 2028, genetics and biomolecular science should have ____51____ the balance to some extent. DNA from
one organism will be inserted into that of another, eliminating the need to undertake generations of selective
breeding to acquire ____52____ traits.
Just last year, researchers from Australia showcased a banana with high levels of provitamin A, an important
nutrient not normally ____53____ in the fruit. To create this fruit, the researchers took out genes from a specifictype of Papua New Guinean banana that’s naturally high in provitamin A, and then inserted them into the common
banana variety.
More controversially, DNA can be transplanted from completely different organisms to create varieties that
would never otherwise ____54____ with selective breeding. Corn has been successfully given a _____55_____
of methionin—a key nutrient missing in the cereal —with an insertion of DNA from a bacterium. There have been
hundreds of _____56_____ of these incredible botanical creations: potatoes, corn and rice containing more protein,
and lettuce that carries iron in a form that’s easily digestible by the body.
Over the next ten years, the number of nutritionally enhanced crops will probably _____57_____ . Precise
DNA-editing technology— namely a technique called CRISPR-Cas9 — now allows for the _____58_____ of a
plant’s genetic code with unprecedented accuracy._____59_____ tasty apples with all the goodness of their bitter
forebears, peanuts that don’t cause allergies, and lentils that have a protein content equivalent to that of meat. It will
be like _____60_____ the orange carrot all over again!
46. A. recognition B. order C. disadvantage D. balance
47. A. By contrast B. In addition C. On the contrary D. For instance
48. A. flavors B. smells C. traits D. appearances
49. A. revolutionary B. financial C. environmental D. nutritional
50. A. declined B. restricted C. readjusted D. revised
51. A. upset B. restored C. maintained D. created
52. A. rewarding B. desirable C. responsive D. stable
53. A. favorable B. precise C. feasible D. present
54. A. occur B. originate C. orient D. overtake
55. A. pattern B. budget C. polish D. boost
56. A. causes B. dishes C. examples D. ranges
57. A. explode B. disappear C. shrink D. steady
58. A. cancellation B. alteration C. addition D. solution
59. A. Come up with B. Get ready for C. Give priority to D. Cut down on
60. A. creating B. devoting C. consuming D. tasting
5
If the ____61____ are just right, some of the electrons inside a(n) ____62____ will arrange themselves into
a tidy honeycomb pattern（蜂巢状结构）— like a solid within a ____63____. Physicists have now____64____ imaged these ‘Wigner crystals’, named after the Hungarian-born ____65____ Eugene Wigner, who
first imagined them almost 90 years ago. Researchers had ____66____ created Wigner crystals and measured their
properties before, but this is the first time that anyone has actually taken a snapshot of the patterns, says study co-
author Feng Wang, a physicist at the University of California, Berkeley. “If you say you have an electron crystal,
show me the crystal,” he says. The results were published on 29 September in Nature.
To create the Wigner crystals, Wang’s team built a device ____67____ atom-thin layers of two similar
semiconductors: tungsten disulfide（二硫化物）and tungsten diselenide（联硒化物）. The team then used an
electric field to tune the density of the electrons that moved freely along the interface between the two layers.
In ordinary materials, electrons zoom around too quickly to be ____68____ affected by the ____69____
between their negative charges. But Wigner predicted that if electrons travelled slowly enough, that repulsion
would begin to dominate their behaviour. The electrons would then find ____70____ that minimize their total
energy, such as a ____71____. So Wang and his colleagues slowed the electrons in their device by ____72____ it
to a few degrees above absolute zero.
A mismatch ____73____ the two layers in the device also helped the electrons to form Wigner crystals. The
atoms in each of the two semiconductor layers are slightly different distances apart, so pairing them together creates
a honeycomb ‘moiré pattern’（蝶纹结构）, similar to that seen when overlaying two grids. That repeating pattern
created regions of slightly lower energy, which helped the electrons ____74____. The team used scanning
tunnelling microscope(STM) to see this Wigner crystal. In an STM, a metal tip hovers above the surface of a
sample, and a(n) ____75____ causes electrons to jump down from the tip, creating an electric current.
61. A. conditions B. situations C. environments D. circumstances
62. A. item B. thing C. material D. article
63. A. cube B. solid C. structure D. dimension
64. A. occasionally B. surprisingly C. indirectly D. directly
65. A. scientist B. theorist C. predictr D. fantasist
66. A. potently B. absolutely C. definitely D. convincingly
67. A. observing B. containing C. watching D. undertaking
68. A. significantly B. obviously C. tiny D. inconspicuously
69. A. magnetic field B. force C. attraction D. repulsion
70. A. interrelations B. arrangements C. requirements D. pairs
71. A. sphere pattern B. cylinder pattern C. honeycomb pattern D. corn pattern72. A. heating B. cooling C. speeding D. slowing
73. A. within B. between C. among D. through
74. A. speed up B. stop C. settle down D. calm down
75. A. light B. voltage C. energy D. ion
6
Winter ____76____ Eastern Canada into a deep freeze. We sat at home, waiting for the COVID-19 cases to
decrease and for the weather to improve. Each of us looked forward to something to keep us ____77____ the
isolation: seeing friends, eating in restaurants, watching a movie at a cinema ... My hope has quietly been
____78____ dust in the garage since November.
My bike got stolen within months of moving to Toronto. I rode my old bike faithfully for almost 20 years
before getting the replacement, which then got stolen, forcing me back to Old Faithful. The faint of heart might
have ____79____ biking completely at that point, but not me, ____80____ what biking means to me: freedom.
Every spring I take Old Faithful down from the rack, clean it, lubricate it and pump up the tires. As time goes
by, the old gal has started showing her age, and now there are more replacement parts on her than ____81____
ones. But with all bike stores being ____82____ on new models as the pandemic has swept them clean, she is all I
have.
On my bike, I’m limitless and unshackled by gas tanks or batteries; as long as I’m alive and eating, I’ve got
fuel and can pedal to the ends of Earth if I want. No ____83____ is impassable. Jammed roads mean nothing: I can
still weave between cars in traffic. This memory means even more to me with the experience of ____84____.
Society gritted its teeth (咬紧牙关) in the knowledge that we just had to _____85_____ it out for a year to get
to the other side. Then Delta hit. Then Omicron. A year _____86_____ into two, and that’s when the walls really
started closing in. That’s when we really needed hope. So, I count the days until I can return to my bike. On my
bike, I achieve another state of mind. As ridiculous as it sounds, in the old days when I _____87_____ up a hill, in
my mind I became the leader in the Tour de France and that inner-city hill became the Alps. I would push myself to
reach the top each time. I wanted to feel that little _____88_____ of making it to the summit, knowing that doing
so told me once again that I could go anywhere and that nothing could hold me back. I was free.
Every few years I add a new ache or pain. I am starting to get old. At some point, I won’t be able to tackle
those hills the way I used to, but biking is a time-limited undertaking and is worth every _____89_____. Therefore,
every time I encounter a hill, I don’t give up. I never want to lose this sense of _____90_____. I’m waiting for that
first warm day when I’ll escape the pandemic walls. I want to put on my helmet and for one brief, beautifulmoment, be free again.
76. A. scared B. plunged C. frosted D. sealed
77. A. going through B. suffering from C. holding up D. putting off
78. A. stuffing B. gathering C. assembling D. coating
79. A. forgotten B. undertaken C. loathed D. abandoned
80. A. regardless of B. no matter C. in spite of D. because of
81. A. excess B. replaced C. original D. backup
82. A. dependent B. hard C. keen D. low
83. A. shortcut B. vehicle C. obstacle D. spot
84. A. lockdown B. congestion C. meltdown D. recovery
85. A. spill B. tough C. cross D. stress
86. A. bumped B. rushed C. slipped D. turned
87. A. rounded B. powered C. leapt D. scaled
88. A. presence B. interest C. spark D. thrill
89. A. tumble B. strike C. stretch D. rumble
90. A. proportion B. belonging C. freedom D. relief
7
Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of a（n）
___91___ should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, ___92___ , most
people make several job choices during their working live, partly ___93___ economic and industrial changes and
partly to improve their positions. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should therefore ___94___
into a broad flexible training program that will ___95___ them for a field of ___96___ rather than for a single
job.
Unfortunately, many young people, knowing ___97___ about the occupational world or themselves for that
matter, choose their lifework ___98___ a hit-or-miss basis. Some ___99___ from job to job. Others ___100___
to work in which they are unhappy and ___101___ they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for ___102___ real or imagined prestige.
Too many high-school students—or their parents for them-choose the professional field, ___103___ both the
relatively small proportion of work vacancies in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal
___104___ . The imagined or realprestige of a profession or a "white-collar" job is ___105___ good reason for
choosing it as a life's work. ___106___ , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion ofjobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious ___107___ to these
fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants ___108___ life
and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction.
Some want security; others are willing to take ___109___ for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its
demands as well as its ___110___ .
91. A. academy B. occupation C. guidance D. identification
92. A. therefore B. so C. though D. however
93. A. in case of B. for C. because of D. to
94. A. enter B. participate C. involve D. join
95. A. leave B. fit C. require D. fix
96. A. careers B. professions C. prospects D. work
97. A. few B. little C. much D. less
98. A. with B. by C. on D. at
99. A. flow B. wander C. jump D. drift
100. A. stick B. turn C. adhere D. subscribe
101. A. to which B. that C. for which D. what
102. A. its B. their C. / D. the
103. A. to have disregarded B. to disregard C. disregarding D. disregard
104. A. preparations B. requirements C. specifications D. preferences
105. A. such B. no C. very D. so
106. A. Moreover B. Otherwise C. Nevertheless D. Still
107. A. priority B. regulation C. assessment D. consideration
108. A. out of B. towards C. for D. from over
109. A. advantage B. patience C. risks D. turns
110. A. awards B. rewards C. prizes D. bonuses
8
For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at all. In his first years of high school, Gabriel
would look pityingly at music students, ___111___across the campus with their heavy instrument cases,
___112___at school for practice hours ___113___ anyone else had to be there. He swore to himself
to___114___music, as he hated getting to school extra early.___115___, one day, in the music class that was ___116___of his school’s standard curriculum, he was
playing idly (随意地)on the piano and found it ____117____to pick out tunes. With a sinking feeling, he realized
that he actually ___118___doing it. He tried to hide his ___119___pleasure from the music teacher, who had
____120____over to listen. He might not have done this particularly well, ____121____the teacher told Gabriel
that he had a good____122____and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the
instruments there ____123____him. There he decided to give the cello(大提琴) a ____124____. When he began
practicing, he took it very ____125____. But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was
____126____to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
This ____127____, of course, that he arrived at school early in the morning, ____128____his heavy
instrument case across the campus to the ____129____looks of the non-musicians he had left____130____.
111. A. travelling B. marching C. pacing D. struggling
112. A. rising up B. coming up C. driving up D. turning up
113. A. before B. after C. until D. since
114. A. betray B. accept C. avoid D. appreciate
115. A. Therefore B. However C. Thus D. Moreover
116. A. part B. nature C. basis D. spirit
117. A. complicated B. safe C. confusing D. easy
118. A. missed B. disliked C. enjoyed D. denied
119. A. transparent B. obvious C. false D. similar
120. A. run B. jogged C. jumped D. wandered
121. A. because B. but C. though D. so
122. A. ear B. taste C. heart D. voice
123. A. occurred to B. took to C. appealed to D. held to
124. A. change B. chance C. mission D. function
125. A. seriously B. proudly C. casually D. naturally
126. A. committed B. used C. limited D. admitted
127. A. proved B. showed C. stressed D. meant
128. A. pushing B. dragging C. lifting D. rushing
129. A. admiring B. pitying C. annoying D. teasing
130. A. over B. aside C. behind D. out
9Brenda Bongos was a girl with one big ambition to play the drums in a band. But a(n)____131____lay in her
way. To be good enough to play in a___132___, Brenda had to practice a lot, but she lived next-door to lots
of___133___people in a care home. The sound of beating drums would really annoy them.
Brenda was____134____. She always tried to find a way of practicing her drums without ____135____other
people. But without success. However,____136____to practice as much as she could. Brenda____137____all kinds
of ways.
One day, while watching a science documentary, she heard that____138____cannot travel in space without air.
At that moment, Brenda bongos decided to become a____139____astronaut.
So Brenda built a space____140____connected with a machine, which drew out all air.Inside was
a____141____of drums. Once inside, Brenda____142____the machine and played like mad!
It wasn't long before she had become____143____. Many people came to see her play in her space
bubble.____144____ -afterwards she started giving____145____out of the bubble.____146____ Brenda became a
real musical astronaut as the government asked her to be part of a space journey, and had gone far beyond her
first____147____of playing drums in a band.
When asked how she had____148____all this, she said, "If those old people next-door hadn't____149____so
much to me, I wouldn’t have gone to such ____150____to find a solution, and none of this would have ever
happened.
131. A. obstacle B. question C. figure D. hand
132. A. match B. band C. talks D. scene
133. A. sick B. local C. elderly D. poor
134. A. delightful B. wonderful C. awful D. respectful
135. A. waking B. reaching C. embarrassing D. bothering
136. A. scared B. thrilled C. determined D. encouraged
137. A. tested B. tried C. played D. found
138. A. light B. sound C. air D. heat
139. A. musical B. classical C. medical D. physical
140. A. bag B. bubble C. container D. aircraft
141. A. set B. pair C. couple D. part
142. A. turned on B. put on C. got on D. held on
143. A. mature B. skillful C. famous D. confident
144. A. Hardly B. Shortly C. Rarely D. Swiftly145. A. advice B. lessons C. speeches D. concerts
146. A. Suddenly B. Generally C. Finally D. Fortunately
147. A. effort B. performance C. ambition D. attempt
148. A. gained B. done C. got D. achieved
149. A. mattered B. related C. owed D. talked
150. A. classes B. places C. difficulties D. lengths
10
In January 1820, some eight months after it had sailed from Kronstadt, the first Russian Antarctic expedition
approached its goal. Its commander, Von Bellingshausen was, a(n) ____151____ sailor, having served in the first
Russian voyage around the earth from 1803-06. But this was a voyage unlike any other, ____152____ in
desperately cold and dangerous conditions to ____153____ Antarctica. People had long known that a
____154____ pole must exist. But could they get there?
Von Bellingshausen ____155____ the first ship, the Vostok, while his second-in-command, Mikhail, took
charge of the Mirny. For ____156____, the two commanders had promised never to ____157____ one another’s
ships throughout the voyage.
By November, the two ships were in Australia, where they ____158____ for repairs before heading south-
east. On and on they sailed, the weather ever colder, the mist ever thicker, a “long voyage, with ____159____ from
ice, snow, rain and fog” On 21 January, he spotted land, the first ever ____160____ south of the Antarctic Circle:
an island, as it ____161____, which he named after Peter the Great. To celebrate, he handed out glasses of wine to
his men, who gave three ____162____. But still they had not seen the great southern ____163____ itself.
For the next few ____164____, they picked their way ____165____ along the edge of a great ice sheet, aware
that any ____166____ could be fatal (致命的).
Then, on 27 January, the fog ____167____. It was, von Bellingshausen ____168____, the “most beautiful
day”, icily cold but with ____169____ skies and bright sunshine. And then he saw it: Antarctica. He called it
Alexander I Land ____170____ the Czar he served.
,
151. A. amateur B. arbitrary C. reserved D. experienced
152. A. skating B. sailing C. diving D. flying
153. A. find B. leave C. protect D. measure
154. A. eastern B. western C. southern D. northern
155. A. commanded B. constructed C. mended D. deserted156. A. honour B. friendship C. safety D. convenience
157. A. make use of B. lose sight of C. pay attention to D. hold on to
158. A. stopped B. accelerated C. charged D. fled
159. A. joys B. dangers C. scenery D. absence
160. A. seen B. touched C. mentioned D. imagined
161. A. carried on B. faded away C. pulled in D. turned out
162. A. names B. orders C. cheers D. goals
163. A. port B. ocean C. continent D. mountain
164. A. years B. months C. weeks D. days
165. A. eagerly B. carefully C. swiftly D. randomly
166. A. promise B. assumption C. help D. mistake
167. A. lifted B. thickened C. appeared D. returned
168. A. predicted B. repeated C. added D. remembered
169. A. terrible B. clear C. dark D. stormy
170. A. with B. from C. after D. by
11
Whenever Michael Carl, the fashion market director at Vanity Fair, goes out to dinner with friends, he plays
something called the phone pile game:Everyone places his _____171_____ in the middle of the table;whoever
looks at their device before the check arrives _____172_____ for the dinner.
Brandon Holley, the former editor of Lucky magazine, had trouble _____173_____ her mobile phone when
she got home from work. So about six months ago, she began putting her phone into a milk tin the moment she
walked in. It remains there until after dinner.
And Marc Jacobs, the fashion designer, didn’t want to sleep next to a noisy phone. So he _____174_____
computers and phones from his bedroom, a house rule he _____175_____ with audiences during a screening of his
film Disconnect.
As smartphones continue to _____176_____ into our lives, and wearable devices like Google Glass threaten
our personal space even further, users say these disconnecting _____177_____ are improving their relationships
and their brains.
“Disconnecting is something that we all _____178_____ , “Lesley M.M, Blume, a New York writer, told The
New York Times. “The expectation that we must always be available to everyone creates a real problem in trying to
_____179_____ private time. But that private-time is more important than ever.”A popular method for _____180_____ is to choose a box for your cellphone, like Ms. Holley. “If my phone is
lighting up, it’s still a distraction, so it goes in the _____181_____ “she said.
Others choose new _____182_____ . “No screens after 11 pm, “said Ari Melber, a TV host. “I found the
evenings were more _____183_____ , and I was sleeping better, “he said.
Sleep is a big factor, which is why Peter Som, a fashion designer, doesn’t”want to sleep _____184_____
something that is full of photos and emails”, said Mr. Som, who keeps his phone charging in the living room
overnight.”It _____185_____ is a head-clearer.”
171. A. wallet B. handbag C. watch D. phone
172. A. pays B. waits C. prepares D. reaches
173. A. examining B. ignoring C. charging D. finding
174. A. banned B. observed C. collected D. adjusted.
175. A. communicated B. agreed C. dealt D. shared
176. A. keep their word B. make their way C. take their time D. fix their attention
177. A. techniques B. achievements C. images D. appliances
178. A. learn B. produce C. receive D. need
179. A. figure out B. take up C. set aside D. get over
180. A. distributing B. entertaining C. monitoring D. disconnecting
181. A. box B. room C. pocket D. bag
182. A. games B. orders C. sections D. rules
183. A. urgent B. upsetting C. relaxing D. virtual
184. A. ahead of B. next to C. beyond D. within
185. A. definitely B. originally C. scarcely D. considerately
12
There have been countless books and television series on living with teenagers, yet parents don’t seem to have
____186____ how to get their children to pick up their clothes from the bedroom floor, or even clean their room
occasionally. It might be difficult to accept, but a new approach to dealing with rude or difficult teenagers is for
parents to look at their own ____187____.
“The key to getting teenagers to respect you is to respect them first,” says Penny Palmano, who has written a
best-selling book on teenagers. “You can’t ____188____ to treat them the same way that you have been treating
them for the previous 12 years: they have opinions that count. Imagine if you’d spent two hours getting ready to go
out for the evening and someone said, ‘You’ve not going out looking like that, are you?’ You’d be very____189____. You’d never say that to an adult, because it shows a total ____190____ of respect.”
Palmano, who has a daughter aged 19, has even allowed the girl to hold several teenage parties at her home.
“I’ve found that if you have brought your kids up to do the right thing, and then ____191____ them to do it,
usually they’ll behave well,” she says. “I make them sandwiches and leave them alone. But I make it clear that they
have to clear up any mess. I’ve never had a(n) ____192____; in fact, the kitchen was sometimes cleaner than I’d
left it.”
She agrees that teenagers can be annoying: enjoying a world that is free of responsibility, yet ____193____
for independence. She doesn’t think, however, that they are ____194____ to annoy you. Until recently, scientists
assumed that the brain finished growing at about the age of 13 and that teenage problems were a result of rising
hormones and a desire for independence. But it turns out that the region of the brain that controls judgement and
emotions is not fully _____195_____ until the early twenties.
“This would explain why many teenagers can’t make good decisions, control their emotions, priorities or
concentrate on several different things at the same time. _____196_____, they may find it difficult to make the
right decision between watching television, ringing a friend, or finishing their homework. It means that they do not
_____197_____ do the wrong thing just to annoy their parents,” says Palmano.
The key to _____198_____ for all, Palmano believes, is calm negotiation and compromise (妥协). If you
want your teenagers to be home by 11 pm, explain why, but listen to their arguments as well. If it’s Saturday, you
might _____199_____ agreeing to midnight (rather than 1 am, which is what they had in mind). If they are up to
20 minutes late, don’t react angrily. _____200_____, ask if they’ve had a problem with public transport and let it
pass; they’ve almost managed what you asked.
186. A. questioned B. discovered C. discussed D. taught
187. A. behavior B. responsibility C. issue D. procedure
188. A. continue B. stop C. strive D. hesitate
189. A. curious B. ashamed C. upset D. unwise
190. A. mark B. feeling C. lack D. level
191. A. instruct B. require C. forbid D. trust
192. A. solution B. problem C. opinion D. voice
193. A. essential B. grateful C. desperate D. famous
194. A. affording B. failing C. promising D. trying
195. A. occupied B. mature C. valued D. fruitful196. A. In addition B. By contrast C. On balance D. For example
197. A. occasionally B. intentionally C. universally D. significantly
198. A. happiness B. justice C. restriction D. courage
199. A. consider B. forget C. encourage D. forbid
200. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Furthermore D. Instead
13
The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher
education isn't an either/or proposition(命题) , although the current ____201____ preparing young Americans for
STEM(science, technology, engineering, math)-related fields can make it seem that way.
The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of ____202____ training, but also
maintains that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central components of America's
____203____ system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our
democratic society, become innovative leaders, and ____204____ the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the
great ideas of mankind over time provides.
Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education ____205____ about graduates' job
prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that
reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s ____206____ to look for what may appear to be the
most “practical”way out. Major in a subject designed to get you a/an ____207____ seems the obvious answer to
some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead
to employment and success ____208____. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference
for students who have received a ____209____ education that has taught them to write well, think critically,
research creatively, and communicate easily.
_____210_____, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there's
little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over
the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations
have prepared them to be _____211_____. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight --
_____212_____ from science, arts, and technology -- to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the
opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.
In May 1780, John Adams wrote to his wife Abigail expressing his hopes for the progress of the American
experiment. “I must study Politics and War so that my sons may have _____213_____ to study Mathematics andPhilosophy. My Sons ought to study Mathematics and Philosophy, Geography, Architecture, Commerce and
Agriculture, in order to give their Children a right to study Painting, Poetry and Music.” What Adams was really
expressing was that a country must have a sufficient level of _____214_____, stability and security before large
numbers of its citizens can engage in pursuits _____215_____ than the basic struggle for survival. Despite our
economic difficulties, the U.S. is a wealthy nation. We have the capacity to create and maintain an educational
system that trains students in science, math, history, art and other disciplines, at the very highest level.
201. A. drain on B. objection to C. advantage over D. emphasis on
202. A. extensive B. intensive C. literate D. technical
203. A. education B. workforce C. economic D. political
204. A. compete with B. benefit from C. equal to D. delight in
205. A. think B. talk C. worry D. inquire
206. A. natural B. ridiculous C. amazing D. disturbing
207. A. skill B. job C. title D. advantage
208. A. in the long run B. in the right position C. in practical terms D. in great need
209. A. hard-won B. broadly-based C. science-oriented D. well-chosen
210. A. Rather B. Still C. Therefore D. Moreover
211. A. active B. precise C. flexible D. critical
212. A. picked up B. referred to C. put up D. passed on
213. A. liberty B. qualification C. vision D. vigor
214. A. knowledge B. insight C. wealth D. commitment
215. A. more logical B. less instrumental C. broader D. easier
14
Life is filled with challenges. As we get older we __216__ realize that those challenges are the very things
that __217__ us and make us who we are, it is the same with the challenges that come with__218__.
When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two __219__. We can try to beat it off, or we can decide
that the thing_220_ the challenge isn’t worth the_221_ and call it quits.
Although there are certainly_222_ when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most _223_ all that is
needed is_224_ and communication.
When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how_225_ or how uncomfortable something is,
we will always choose to__226__ it and work through instead of running away from it. Communication is making a
__227__ for discussion and talking about how you feel instead of just saying what the other person did wrong.__228__ you can say to a friend, “I got my feelings hurt.”_229_ “You hurt my feelings,” you are going to be able
to solve the problem much faster.
In dealing with many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for_230_ they are: small
hurdles you need to jump or __231__ on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is __232__ to get over,
and hurt only __233__ to make us stronger. It is all part of growing up, and it __234__ to everyone, and some day
you will __235__ all of this and say, “Hard as it was, it made me who I am today. And that’s a good thing.”
216. A. seem to B. come to C. hope to D. try to
217. A. design B. promote C. direct D. shape
218. A. confidence B. pressure C. friendship D. difficulty
219. A. choices B. expectations C. opportunities D. aspects
220. A. demanding B. deserving C. predicting D. presenting
221. A. comment B. loss C. trouble D. expense
222. A. means B. times C. dates D. ages
223. A. cases B. fields C. parts D. occasions
224. A. assessment B. commitment C. encouragement D. adjustment
225. A. doubtful B. shameful C. harmful D. painful
226. A. keep B. control C. face D. catch
227. A. chance B. plan C. topic D. space
228. A. If B. As C. While D. Unless
229. A. other than B. rather than C. or rather D. or else
230. A. what B. who C. where D. which
231. A. pass by B. come across C. get through D. run over
232. A. unnecessary B. necessary C. impossible D. possible
233. A. serves B. means C. aims D. attempts
234. A. opens B. appeals C. goes D. happens
235. A. look down on B. look back on C. look forward to D. look up to
15
Language studies traditionally have paid much attention to verbal and written language. But recently they have
begun to consider language without ___236___ , for people regard nonverbal(非言语的) ___237___ as having
meaning. Nonverbal acts either accompany verbal messages are used ___238___ . They may support or even
contradict ___239___ messages. They are more likely to be used ___240___ because they are habitual androutine behaviors.
In some ___241___ , people express more nonverbally than verbally. If you ask an obviously depressed
person, “What’s wrong?”, and he answers, “Nothing. I’m fine, ”you probably won’t ___242___ him. When an
angry person says, “Let’s ___243___ the subject. I don’t want to talk about it anymore!” actually he hasn’t
___244___ communicating. His withdrawal and ____245____ continue to convey emotional meaning.
One study showed that 93 percent of the ____246____ was communicated by the tone of the ____247____
and facial expressions, while only 7 percent of the speaker’s attitude was conveyed by words. It is ____248____
that we express our emotions and attitudes more nonverbally than verbally.
Nonverbal communication expresses ____249____ or feeling beyond words. Universal emotions, such as
happiness, fear, and sadness, are expressed in a ____250____ nonverbal way throughout the world. There are,
however, nonverbal differences across cultures that may be a source of ____251____ for foreigners. For example,
feelings of friendship ____252____ everywhere but their expression ____253____ . It may be acceptable in some
countries for men to embrace each other and for women to hold hands; in other countries these acts of
____254____ may be shocking.
What is acceptable in one culture may be completely unacceptable in another. In order to correctly
____255____ another culture’s style of communication, it is necessary to study the ”silent language“ of that
culture.
236. A. hearing B. learning C. words D. records
237. A. skills B. behaviors C. tests D. measures
238. A. partly B. independently C. temporarily D. frankly
239. A. official B. native C. common D. spoken
240. A. unconsciously B. secretly C. uncommonly D. particularly
241. A. communication B. question C. competitionD. description
242. A. guess B. believe C. know D. help
243. A. debate on B. regard to C. forget about D. deal with
244. A. started B. continued C. required D. stopped
245. A. patience B. reflection C. attention D. silence
246. A. body B. impression C. message D. decision
247. A. life B. voice C. respect D. music
248. A. appropriate B. desirable C. apparent D. vital249. A. meaning B. purpose C. value D. truth
250. A. positive B. practical C. different D. similar
251. A. confusion B. inspiration C. suggestion D. depression
252. A. remain B. exist C. return D. flow
253. A. disappears B. matches C. delays D. varies
254. A. affection B. courage C. aggression D. modesty
255. A. make B. direct C. interpret D. establish
16
Looking on the Bright Side with Moon Worship
According to Cheshire psychic Claire Stone, a growing number of women are looking to the moon to increase
their health, power and wealth. Daily Mail reporter Samantha Brick recently ___256___ a full moon ceremony
hosted by Ms. Stone in a field near Hale. She joined a group of females dressed in white as they stood in a circle
holding hands.
“There is drumming and chanting,” wrote Ms. Brick, “then ___257___ as each woman engraves her hopes
and ambitions for the coming month on a white or silver candle.” They were told to ___258___ what they wanted
to attract into their lives. “We ‘see’ it coming true in our minds,” said Ms. Stone. “The ___259___ is amplified by
the energy of the moon and those in the circle.”
Ms. Stone said that wishing on the moon helped her move into her ___260___ home, a £l.4 million
farmhouse, which she shares with her husband and two daughters.
Ms. Stone was initially attracted to complementary sources of ___261___ as a teenager suffering from
anxiety. “I started looking for something to help make me happier,” she said. “I first joined a couple of local groups
where women would ___262___ once a month on the full moon when I was in my 20s. It seemed like a natural and
___263___ thing to do.” The paper commented: “Claire, who drives a black Mercedes GLE coupe, was so
___264___ by her early experiences of moon circles that she decided to hold her own monthly ceremonies outside
her home.
They have been a(n) ___265___ success: at various times more than 3,000 women have come along. Her
circles —priced at £22.00 for a two-hour session—___266___ for up to 100 women at a time online, and 50 at a
time in person. Several famous and powerful women have announced their interest in moon worship. Friends actor
Jennifer Aniston is said to ___267___ moon circles where women sit and share their experiences and dreams. Lady
Carole Bamford, described in the press as a “billionaire eco entrepreneur” explains on her website. “Our bodies aremade up of 70 per cent water, so it’s no wonder that the moon, which controls the ___268___, has the power to
affect us all in different ways as well.”
The report ended with veterinary nurse Victoria Twist, who ___269___ the moon for her return to full health
after spinal surgery. Ms. Twist is also convinced that ___270___ attending moon circles, she was also able to
manifest her dream home.
256. A. witnessed B. covered C. attended D. broadcast
257. A. discussion B. silence C. dance D. ceremony
258. A. convince B. share C. visualize D. pray
259. A. imagination B. intention C. impression D. illustration
260. A. country B. holiday C. family D. dream
261. A. researching B. studying C. disturbing D. healing
262. A. call up B. build up C. meet up D. line up
263. A. normal B. pleasant C. magical D. attractive
264. A. obsessed B. inspired C. fascinated D. affected
265. A. astonishing B. progressive C. immediate D. puzzling
266. A. appeal B. attempt C. call D. cater
267. A. host B. participate C. favor D. attend
268. A. winds B. nights C. tides D. temperatures
269. A. celebrates B. claims C. concerns D. credits
270. A. apart from B. regardless of C. thanks to D. instead of
17
Do you shop for groceries online and have them delivered to your door? Well, this might be just the start of a
digital revolution in food. How about tattooed(刺花的) fruit, ice cubes which send text messages, and wine from
the bottom of the ocean? All these things are on the __271__ according to global innovation research firm Stylus.
They say stickers and wasteful packaging on fruit could be __272__ by eatable tattos. These would be
__273__ “directly to the skin of the fruit without __274__ damaging skin cells, “according to Stylus’s senior vice-
president of content, Tessa Mansfield.
Our __275__ are changing rapidly too, and some companies are cooking up menu of technological advances.
__276__, there’s a smart knife which can __277__ the freshness of food and any bacteria present as it is being
used.
Innovative ways to __278__ what we consume are always being __279__. Mandy Saven, Stylus’s head offood, beverage and hospitality says new digital ice cubes will send a text message to a friend if you drink too much
alcohol.
Indeed, some companies are helping consumers stay __280__ and make environmentally-friendly choices.
Dutch firm Bilder and De Clerca sells food organized by recipe, which helps customers avoiding __281__ by
buying too much.
This makes the retailer more than just a supplier of food—it becomes “kind of food __282__ to a shopper.”
says Tessa Mansfield.
For the discerning(有眼力的) drinker, the future holds another new experience. How would you like to try
“ocean-aged wine”? This is the wine which has been sunk to the bottom of the ocean to help it __283__ before you
enjoy it.
I find all these __284__ exciting. What about you? Are you happy to __285__ the new frontier of food?
271. A. rise B. contrary C. horizon D. whole
272. A. replaced B. exchanged C. covered D. understood
273. A. connected B. contributed C. imported D. applied
274. A. heavily B. actually C. purposefully D. weakly
275. A. situations B. groceries C. services D. kitchens
276. A. In short B. At first C. For instance D. After all
277. A. enhance B. add C. analyze D. locate
278. A. search B. monitor C. elect D. limit
279. A. developed B. tracked C. tempted D. followed
280. A. comfortable B. smart C. holy D. healthy
281. A. consumption B. waste C. cost D. bargain
282. A. consultant B. customer C. designer D. guard
283. A. delicate B. dizzy C. mature D. delicious
284. A. innovations B. goals C. behaviors D. consumers
285. A. move about B. step across C. join in D. get on
18
With so many investments required of us to succeed, it’s easy to overlook the most difficult investment of all
to commit to: ourselves.
Getting to the point where you’re ready to start ___286___ to you 2.0 isn’t easy. But it doesn’t mean droppingthe ball everywhere else. It’s not about omissions, but ___287___. Come clean with yourself to kick-start your
personal growth.
You’ve been working in your life, not on it.
Activity is often ___288___ with acceleration. I was guilty of this for years in working place — staying
always busy but not admitting I was bored. I was ___289___ in activity and not stepping back to question what I
wanted my life to be. Once I began working on my life — quitting corporate, becoming an entrepreneur,
___290___ my life — I started growing once again.
Things aren’t happening to you, they’re happening for you.
A victim mentality (心态) is the enemy of personal growth. ___291___ everything that has gone wrong in
your life only waste energy from working to make more things go right. If you want to kick-start growth, you must
view ___292___ as having a purpose, and then put them in their place. The past shouldn’t run or define you —
only ___293___ you.
If you don’t broaden your horizons, you won’t narrow your inhibitions (拘束).
We consistently ___294___ the consequences of taking a risk, while discounting the cost of status quo. But
growth doesn’t happen without some level of risk. ____295____ positive experiences with risk taking and trying
new things reduce fear and invite more ____296____ risk taking, further enhancing your personal learning and
growth.
The perfect time to start doesn’t exist.
I had so many things that had to be just right before I could make my long-planned leap from corporate. I’d
tell myself, “I’d love to go for it right now, but ____297____ speaking…” Well, guess what? Feasibility is poison.
It’s the convenient excuse ____298____ your growth.
It’s time to ____299____ others’ opinions.
Grow where you want to grow. Learn what you want to learn. Wherever you are on the scale of what you want
to learn next — be it beginner or near-expert — own it, be proud of it. Pretenses are for pre tenders. You’re just
trying to become a better ____300____ . Of your genuine self.
286. A. appealing B. upgrading C. applying D. contributing
287. A. admissions B. corrections C. adaptations D. conversions
288. A. connected B. charged C. compared D. confused
289. A. interested B. lost C. experienced D. involved
290. A. appreciating B. removing C. restructuring D. diversifying291. A. Taking down B. Reflecting on C. Keeping back D. Complaining about
292. A. setbacks B. achievements C. responsibilities D. memories
293. A. burden B. dismiss C. fuel D. guide
294. A. underline B. neglect C. suffer D. overestimate
295. A. For example B. In fact C. On the contrary D. In particular
296. A. decisive B. smart C. unknown D. indefinite
297. A. practically B. technically C. frankly D. generally
298. A. putting up B. cutting off C. holding back D. melting away
299. A. unfold B. evaluate C. consult D. unplug
300. A. part B. expert C. version D. pretender
19
Despite nutrition experts’ best efforts to educate people about the dangers of a diet filled with processed food,
it appears that the world doesn’t want to listen. Medical specialists point out that, although eating too much
unhealthy food is likely to be as dangerous in the long term as smoking, regular consumption of high-calorie food
has somehow become more socially ____301____ than ever. While local authorities in some towns and cities have
taken measures to fight the rise in this trend by ____302____ the number of fast food outlets permitted to be open
at the same time, critics argue that people have every right to make their own decisions about what they eat and
how they choose to live. However, the way in which we have come to eat a lot of takeaways isn’t only a(n)
____303____ issue of weight gain, or of buying larger clothes. The consequences of mass overconsumption should
strike ____304____ into the hearts of everyone.
Research suggests that there is an evolutionary reason as to why people ____305____ overeat—it is simply
part of our inborn behaviour. When humans evolved, we did not have the adequate supply of food that we enjoy
today, and so eating was more about ____306____ than pleasure. We became more likely to choose high-calorie
foods, with high fat content, that could ____307____ us through cold winters when the supply of nourishment
became inadequate. This explains why a 600-calorie burger seems so ____308____ : it makes us feel well fed and
inspires contentment. Processed food ____309____ the reward response in our brains, so we feel obliged to
overeat, and not necessarily in a healthy way. Junk food acts as a trigger (触发器) for chemicals such as the ‘feel
good’ dopamine to flood through the brain and cause a sensation of happiness. ____310____, high amounts of
sugar and sodium (one of the chemicals in salt and other ingredients of fast food) cause a huge rise in blood sugar,
pushing it to unnatural levels.This occurs within the first few moments of eating a high-calorie meal. From there, routinely processing such
high levels of sodium is ____311____. The body’s organs are pushed beyond their ____312____ ability to do so.
The kidneys (肾脏) cannot remove all the extra salt from the blood, and thus extra sodium causes the heart to
pump faster while transporting blood through the veins (血管). There are multiple dangers of high blood pressure,
especially for the elderly and in the long term. Sodium ____313____ in such quantities can lead to dehydration, a
condition whose symptoms are extremely similar to hunger, and this leads to a painful truth: as soon as you have
finished your junk food meal, you immediately start to ____314____ another. Thereafter, the body starts to digest
the food. Usually, this takes between 4 and 12 hours, but with fast food, where the fat content is so much higher, the
same ____315____ lasts at least three days.
301. A. worthwhile B. acceptable C. relevant D. responsible
302. A. declaring B. estimating C. increasing D. limiting
303. A. alternative B. meaningless C. collective D. personal
304. A. boredom B. relief C. fear D. satisfaction
305. A. compulsively B. reluctantly C. defensively D. objectively
306. A. appetite B. evolution C. survival D. fighting
307. A. sustain B. please C. guide D. supply
308. A. tremendous B. surprising C. attractive D. expensive
309. A. stimulates B. guarantees C. produces D. illustrates
310. A. Predictably B. Therefore C. Comparatively D. Meanwhile
311. A. inevitable B. impossible C. significant D. powerful
312. A. natural B. superior C. minimum D. learned
313. A. turned up B. passed down C. looked over D. taken in
314. A. offer B. prepare C. desire D. share
315. A. symptom B. process C. damage D. hunger
20
‘Small Data’ Are Also Crucial for Machine Learning
Many people relate “artificial intelligence” with “big data.” There’s a reason for that: some of the most
prominent AI breakthroughs in the past decade have relied on enormous data sets. Image ____316____ made great
progress in the 2010s thanks to the development of ImageNet, a data set containing millions of images hand sorted
into thousands of categories. More recently, GPT-3, a language model, was trained on ____317____ online texts toproduce humanlike text in Jan, 2021. So it is not surprising to see AI being tightly connected with “big data” in the
____318____ imagination. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in “small data” approaches has
grown extensively over the past decade. The so-called transfer learning serves as an especially ____319____
example.
Also known as “fine-tuning,” transfer learning is helpful in settings where you have ____320____ data on the
task of interest but abundant data on a related problem. You need to first train a model using a big data set and then
retrain slightly using a smaller one related to your ____321____ problem. A research team working on German-
language speech recognition, ____322____, showed that they could improve their results by starting with an
English-language speech model trained on a larger data set. Then, they used transfer learning to ____323____ that
model for a smaller data set of German-language audio.
Small data approaches such as transfer learning are more ____324____ than more data-intensive methods.
They can promote progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural hazards that occur
relatively _____325_____. In this context, small data approaches will become increasingly important as more
organizations look to diversify AI application areas and invest in previously _____326_____ fields.
Despite the progress in research, transfer learning has received relatively little _____327_____. While many
machine learning experts are likely familiar with it at this point, the existence of techniques such as transfer
learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers in positions of making
important decisions about AI funding and _____328_____.
As long as the success of small data technique like transfer learning is _____329_____, resources can be
allocated to support their widespread use. In that case, we can help correct the popular _____330_____ regarding
the role of data in AI and foster innovation in new directions.
316. A. standard B. classification C. quality D. acquisition
317. A. written B. limited C. spoken D. abundant
318. A. moral B. visual C. literary D. popular
319. A. complicated B. interesting C. promising D. distinguished
320. A. extra B. different C. available D. few
321. A. personal B. specific C. technical D. potential
322. A. in addition B. or rather C. in particular D. for example
323. A. adjust B. invent C. follow D. check
324. A. definite B. advantageous C. complex D. precise325. A. remotely B. severely C. ultimately D. rarely
326. A. underexplored B. underestimated C. underpopulated D. underqualified
327. A. guidance B. respect C. supervision D. visibility
328. A. publication B. adoption C. tracking D. polishing
329. A. celebrated B. evaluated C. recognized D. diversified
330. A. challenge B. concern C. fear D. misunderstanding
21
At a young age, Darrius Simmons fell in love with the piano. As he watched others play, he was ____331____
by the joy the piano gave them. He wanted to experience that, too, but knew for him it would be a/an
____332____.
“I decided at age 10 that I wanted to learn how to play the piano, ____333____ it was going to take a little bit
____334____ work for me to learn,” Simmons says. “I knew most people had 10 fingers while I had four, yet I was
pretty ____335____ I could make it work.”
The Warren, Ohio teenager was born with a genetic ____336____ called ectrodactyly (先天性缺指畸形). He
has three fingers on his right hand and ____337____ finger on his left. But it didn’t ____338____ Simmons from
following his ____339____. With no formal training, Simmons taught himself by ear how to play the piano. He
practiced and practiced, finding a way to _____340_____ the keys with four fingers while mastering the pedals
with his prostheses(假肢).
Simmons knew he would have to _____341_____ his own style of playing. “I couldn’t base it
_____342_____ the technique of somebody who has 10 fingers. It just wouldn’t _____343_____.” He says.
“That’s _____344_____ it was hard for me to take piano lessons. It’s very _____345_____ for somebody who has
learned how to play with 10 fingers to adjust and teach me with only four.”
The now 18-year-old not only learned how to play and read music but also began composing.
His mother, Tamara Simmons, isn’t surprised by Darrius’ _____346_____. She knows how focused and
_____347_____ he can be.
From mastering music to beating _____348_____ challenges, Darrius Simmons sets out to _____349_____
the world. “I like to be somebody’s _____350_____,” he says. “If I play in front of a whole crowd and I see one
person smile, that’s a job well done.”
331. A. frightened B. amazed C. interested D. disturbed
332. A. challenge B. opportunity C. fortune D. trouble333. A. while B. but C. and D. therefore
334. A. more B. much C. fewer D. less
335. A. surprised B. worried C. sure D. glad
336. A. condition B. environment C. situation D. tendency
337. A. one B. two C. three D. five
338. A. encourage B. prevent C. remove D. change
339. A. actions B. roads C. instructions D. passions
340. A. reach B. repair C. remove D. clean
341. A. adopt B. abandon C. develop D. change
342. A. by B. in C. through D. on
343. A. support B. run C. operate D. work
344. A. why B. because C. when D. whether
345. A. easy B. tough C. funny D. stupid
346. A. ideas B. creations C. difficulties D. achievements
347. A. kind B. determined C. talented D. generous
348. A. spiritual B. mental C. physical D. emotional
349. A. please B. persuade C. inspire D. cheer
350. A. partner B. symbol C. aim D. motivation
22
Housing is one of the most important needs for human life. It is also one of the most heavily regulated sectors.
Since Worlds War I, in most countries, the government has ___351___ interfered in the housing market, trying to
correct existing or imagined market failures. For example, virtually all countries have had, at some point, rent
controls. By the early 2010s, such regulations were abandoned by most countries. However, a renaissance of rent
control is now ___352___ in many countries. For example, limitations on rent setting were imposed in Paris and
Lyon (France) in July 2019 and March 2020, ___353___; state-wide rent growth restrictions were introduced in
California in January 2020 and are to remain in force until January 2031; and in Berlin (Germany) rents were
___354___ for 5 years starting in February 2020, to name just a few examples. The outbreak of the COVID-19
pandemic has increased the importance of such measures. After the majority of countries imposed sanitary
restrictions, such as lockdowns, in March 2020, the ___355___ loss of income led to a worldwide wave of eviction
(驱逐)bans and rent freezes. Thus, that housing market regulations play an important role is not just ___356___fact, it is present reality.
Although governments use various combinations of carrots and sticks to achieve their goals, here we
concentrate only on stick policies. ___357___, we examine the three restrictive housing market regulations:(a)rent
control;(b)protection of tenants from eviction; (c)housing ___358___ . Being ubiquitous (almost everywhere) and
often used at a large scale, these policies can affect various aspects of not just the housing market but also the
whole ___359___ . They can influence housing prices and rents, the choice between renting and owning,
residential construction, the accumulation and distribution of wealth, and residential mobility. Indirectly, they can
contribute to the buildup of price bubbles and ____360____ of unemployment. The assessment of their effects can
be facilitated by the creation of indices (指数)quantifying the degree of severity of such governmental interference.
Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a multicountry, multiperiod database of rental housing market
____361____.
This study has several important advantages. First, it ____362____ a very long period of time, which is
important given long-lasting effects of governmental regulations upon markets, especially housing markets where a
very ____363____ good is traded. Second, it uses a wide panel of countries from all ____364____ continents,
taking advantage of a wide variety of not just socioeconomic and cultural conditions but also historical paths.
Third, it contains a(n) ____365____ indicator that measures the intensity of housing rationing—a form of
regulation that, until now, has been neglected in the literature.
351. A. slightly B. actively C. legally D. definitely
352. A. observable B. capable C. approachable D. adaptable
353. A. immediately B. fortunately C. respectively D. originally
354. A. intended B. pushed C. frozen D. arranged
355. A. resulting B. leading C. tempting D. boiling
356. A. global B. occasional C. regular D. historical
357. A. Literally B. Specifically C. Apparently D. Seriously
358. A. rationing B. estate C. distribution D. adaptation
359. A. country B. world C. humanity D. economy
360. A. lack B. persistence C. improvement D. independence
361. A. tendencies B. techniques C. regulations D. factors
362. A. enjoys B. lasts C. survives D. covers
363. A. precious B. fancy C. durable D. reliable364. A. developed B. inhabited C. spacious D. independent
365. A. novel B. labor-saving C. equal D. stylish
23
Microsoft Corp founder Bill Gates caught people’s eye in a recent interview, when he suggested that robots
should be taxed in order to help humans keep their jobs. Gates is only one of many people in the tech world who
have worried about ____366____ and its threat to workers.
It’s easy to see why the tech world is ____367____. The rise of machine learning has increased the fear that
____368____ humans could simply become out of date--____369____, 3.5 million American truck drivers might
soon find their jobs threatened by driverless trucks. Though in the past, technology usually complemented workers
____370____ replacing them, there’s no law of nature (自然法则) saying the technology of the future will work
the same. A few economists even claim that cheap automation has already ____371____ income from workers to
company owners.
Another ____372____ is that even if the mass of humanity ultimately does find new ways to add value by
complementing new technology—to "race with the machines,” as economist Erik Brynjofsson puts it—this
transition could take a long time and hurt a lot of people. As Bloomberg View’s Tyler Cowen has noted, wages in
Britain fell for four decades at the start of the Industrial Revolution. More ____373____, we’ve seen very slow and
painful adjustment to the impact of globalization. If the machine learning revolution hurts workers for 40 years
before ultimately helping them, it might be worth it to ____374____ that revolution and give them time to adjust.
The main argument against taxing the robots is that it might hold back _____375_____. Growth in rich
countries has slowed markedly in the past decade, suggesting that it’s getting harder and harder to find new ways of
doing things. Stagnating( 停 滞 的 ) productivity, combined with falling business investment, suggests that
_____376_____ of new technology is currently too slow rather than too fast----the biggest problem right now isn’t
too many robots, it’s too few. Taxing new technology, however it’s done, could make that slowdown worse.
The problem with Gate’s basic _____377_____ is that it’s very hard to tell the difference between new
technology that complement humans and new technology that replaces them. This is especially true over the long
term. Power looms（织布机）replaced human weavers back in the Industrial Revolution. _____378_____, people
eventually became more productive, by learning to operate those looms. If taxes had slowed the development of
power looms, the eventual (最终的) improvements would have come later.
This is a powerful argument _____379_____ the taxation of automation. Gates is right to say that we should
start thinking ahead of time about how to use policy to mitigate（缓和）the unintended consequences ofautomation. But given the importance of sustaining innovation, we should look at _____380_____ policies.
366. A. sanitation B. automation C. meditation D. dedication
367. A. furious B. worried C. intolerant D. thrilling
368. A. few B. several C. many D. any
369. A. in other words B. for example C. of course D. by contrast
370. A. in case of B. because of C. in face of D. instead of
371. A. distracted B. perceived C. prompted D. swallowed
372. A. panic B. empathy C. adjustment D. vision
373. A. possibly B. recently C. primarily D. normally
374. A. slow down B. bring up C. burn out D. light up
375. A. modernism B. succession C. evacuation D. innovation
376. A. persuasion B. adoption C. interruption D. elimination
377. A. proposal B. moral C. gratitude D. misfortune
378. A. However B. Therefore C. Consequently D. Furthermore
379. A. from B. against C. by D. besides
380. A. random B. stimulating C. persistent D. alternative
24
Lazer loves running, and although he experiences a series of potentially fatal heart problems, he always
cherishes a new finish line to inspire his ___381___.
By 2008, Lazer had undergone six heart ___382___, and the last one left him ___383___. In an attempt to
feel___384___, he decided to___385___ his diet and, at the suggestion of a friend, started drinking more nutrient-
packed juices.___386___, he began to feel good enough to ___387___ his sneakers and hit the___388___again.
“After ___389___ the hospital, my goal was not to ____390____. I wanted to live my life as I desired, and
that meant to ____391____ running and be in the best shape that I can,” he says. “I wasn’t going to be sedentary
and sit on a sofa and ____392____ the remote. The big thing for me was that I wanted my own life. I was going to
do everything I could to get my life back.”
To Lazer, that meant running, since it was such a big part of that life. ____393____, just months after that
sixth surgery in 2008, he was back____394____ the starting line of the Las Vegas 26.2. And this past November, he
crossed the finish line of his 18th ____395____ race.
Lazer ____396____ running as one of the main reasons he’s lived well beyond that one-year prognosis he got
back in 2004. “I believe I started running ____397____ knowing that if I didn’t, I wouldn’t be living too____398____ ,” he says. “Running is a part of who I am—I am ____399____ to be the best that I possibly can be.
It’s such a huge part of my life that my life seems out of order if I’m injured or I can’t run. It’s kind of my
____400____.”
381. A. recovery B. champion C. competition D. growing
382. A. hurts B. broken C. surgeries D. rehabilitation
383. A. devastated B. debilitated C. strove D. hesitated
384. A. brighter B. higher C. happier D. stronger
385. A. pick up B. add up C. switch up D. turn up
386. A. Eventually B. Normally C. Quickly D. Strangely
387. A. put up B. lace up C. take on D. control with
388. A. master B. disease C. competitor D. road
389. A. getting out of B. returning to C. running out of D. dropping out
390. A. achieve B. compromise C. change D. promote
391. A. train B. find C. continue D. start
392. A. switch B. play C. fiddle D. press
393. A. Besides B. However C. But D. So
394. A. from B. at C. on D. about
395. A. consecutive B. successful C. ordinary D. special
396. A. doubts B. credits C. hopes D. ponders
397. A. somehow B. anyone C. somebody D. anyhow
398. A. late B. long C. painful D. relaxed
399. A. thinking B. struggling C. braving D. striving
400. A. drug B. life C. anchor D. entire
25
When Nelson Mandela opened South Africa’s Constitutional Court in 1995, he said it would determine “the
future of our democracy”. The first president of the democratic era argued that the court was as important to the
new constitution as the parliament and presidency. Judges should be “creative and independent” in ensuring that,
___401___apartheid (种族隔离), no person was above the law, regardless of their race, power or wealth.
By and large, the judges have done their job. The Constitutional Court has defended citizens ___402___ by a
cold-blooded state, for instance by ordering the government of Thabo Mbeki to provide anti-retroviral drugs to
people with HIV. It has challenged abuses of power by Jacob Zuma, whose presidency in 2009-2018 was definedby widespread corruption.
___403___ the courts are facing serious threats. Populist politicians who hate the rule of law want to see pliant
(容易摆布的) judges appointed who will bend to their will. Those who believe in the ___404___ principles set out
by Mandela, including the president, Cyril Ramaphosa, are not doing enough to safeguard his legacy. The
___405___of endless fierce attack and cowardly indecisive defence is not a good sign for South African democracy.
Critics accuse judges of overstepping their boundaries and usurping (篡夺) legislation. It is true that the
judicial branch has become involved in political disputes. But this reflects the ___406___ of the other branches of
government to do their jobs. The more politicians from the ruling African National Congress (ANC) have abused
their privileges, and the more miserable their failure to improve the life of ordinary South Africans, the more NGOs
and opposition parties ask the courts to hold them to ___407___. As Dikgang Moseneke, a retired justice,
___408___ it, “Judges don’t look for cases; rather cases look for judges.”
It is, ___409___, vital to protect the Constitutional Court as the last line of defence for democracy. Mandela
once warned the country “to stand on guard not only against ____410____ attack on the principles of the
constitution, but against stealthy corrosion (侵蚀)”. Both now threaten the courts. South Africa must listen to his
words before it is too late.
401. A. in addition to B. in contrast to C. thanks to D. far from
402. A. failed B. granted C. resisted D. convinced
403. A. Thus B. Furthermore C. Yet D. Since
404. A. scientific B. constitutional C. theoretical D. universal
405. A. opposite B. option C. distinction D. mix
406. A. range B. share C. failure D. currency
407. A. account B. strike C. restore D. complain
408. A. says B. remarks C. declares D. puts
409. A. therefore B. though C. likewise D. ultimately
410. A. violent B. racial C. direct D. personal
参考答案
1
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了读心术人工智能通过大脑植入将想法转化为文字这一新的科学研究。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该系统可能会使我们离恢复因瘫痪而丧失语言能力的人的语言更近一步。A.
inspecting 检查；B. restoring 使恢复；C. admiring 羡慕；D. inspiring 鼓舞。根据上文“An artificial
intelligence can accurately translate thoughts into sentences(人工智能可以准确地把想法翻译成句子)”可知，这
项技术可以帮助失去语言能力的人恢复语言，故选B项。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：旧金山加利福尼亚大学的约瑟夫·马金和他的同事们使用深度学习算法研究
了四名女性说话时的大脑信号。A. emotion情绪；B. attractiveness吸引力；C. awareness意识；D. signals信
号。根据第六段中“The team tried decoding the brain signal data into 10 words at time, rather than
whole sentences,(研究小组试图将大脑信号数据一次解码成单个单词，而不是整个句子)”可知，这里说的是
研究了四名女性说话时的大脑信号，故选D项。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些女性都患有癫痫，她们的大脑上已经安装了电极来监测癫痫发作。A.
monitor监控； B. master 掌握；C. control控制；D. expect预期。根据上文“ The women, who all have
epilepsy, already had electrodes attached to their brains (这些女性都患有癫痫症，她们的大脑已经安装了电
极)”可知，给她们的电脑安装上电极是为了监测癫痫发作，故选A项。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最大的句子组包含250个独特的单词。A. concluded得出结论；B. excluded
不包括；C. contained包含；D. increased增加。根据设空前的“sentences(句子)”以及设空后的“words(单
词)”可知，这里使用contain“包含”符合题意，即句子包含单词，故选C项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该团队将这种大脑活动输入到一种神经网络算法中，训练它识别与语音重复
方面相关的规律性出现的模式，例如元音或辅音。A. extended延长；B. occurring出现；C. ignored忽视；
D. concerned涉及。根据下文“that could be linked to repeated aspects of speech, such as vowels or consonants.
(这可能与语音的重复方面有关，例如元音或辅音。)”可知这里说的是规律性出现的模式，故选B项。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后将这些模式输入第二个神经网络，该网络试图将其转换为单词以形成句
子。A. form形成；B. handle处理；C. hand递交；D. force强迫。根据上文“tried to turn them into words(试
图将其转换为单词)”可知，这里说的是转换为单词后组成句子，故选A项。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个女性至少重复两次句子，最后的重复并没有构成训练数据的一部分，这
让研究人员可以测试这个系统。A. issuing宣布；B. producing生产；C. allowing准许；D. acquiring获得。
根据上文“Each woman repeated the sentences at least twice, and the final repetition didn’t form part of the
training data(每个女人至少重复两次句子，最后的重复并不是训练数据的一部分)”可知，这样做可以让研究
人员测试这个系统，短语allow sb to do sth “允许某人做某事”符合题意，故选C项。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这四名女性中，人工智能的最佳表现是平均翻译错误率为 3%。A.behavior 行为；B. comment 评论；C. preparation 准备；D. performance 表现。根据下文“ an average
translation error rate of 3 percent(平均翻译错误率为3%)”可知，平均翻译错误率为3%，这是人工智能的最佳
表现，故选D项。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，人工智能能够从大脑活动中解码出，在这组句子中，单词“Turner”很
可能总是跟在单词“Tina”后面。A. possibility可能性；B. activity活动；C. capacity容量；D. responsibility
责任。根据第四段中“Each time a person speaks the same sentence, the brain activity associated will be similar
but not identical.(每次一个人说同一句话，大脑的活动都是相似的，但并不完全相同。)”可知，这里说的是
人工智能从大脑活动中，解码出信息，故选B项。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究小组试图将大脑信号数据一次解码成单个单词，而不是整个句子，
但即使表现最好，这还是将错误率提高到38%。A. individual单独的；B. financial财务的；C. social社交的；
D. technical技术的。根据下文“rather than whole sentences(而不是整个句子)”可知，此处指研究小组试图将
大脑信号数据一次解码成单个单词，故选A项。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：很明显，网络正在学习关于哪些单词组合在一起的事实，而不仅仅是哪些
神经活动映射到哪些单词。A. serves服务；B. finishes完成；C. maps映射；D. competes竞争。根据上文
“So the network clearly is learning facts about which words go together(因此，网络显然正在学习关于哪些单
词组合在一起的事实)”可知，网络正在学习关于哪些单词组合在一起的事实,而不仅仅是哪些神经活动映射
到哪些单词，故选C项。
12. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这将使系统很难扩展到更大的词汇量，因为每个新词都会增加可能的
句子数量，降低准确性。A. switch up转换；B. put up建造；C. rise up升起；D. scale up增大。根据上文
“The team tried decoding the brain signal data into 10 words at time, rather than whole sentences, but
this increased the error rate to 38 per cent even for the best performance.(研究小组试图将大脑信号数据一次解码
成单个单词，而不是整个句子，但即使表现最好，这还是将错误率提高到38%。)”可知，这里说的是这使
得系统很难扩展到更大的词汇量，故选D项。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这将使系统很难扩展到更大的词汇量，因为每个新词都会增加可能的句子
数量，降低准确性。A. privacy隐私；B. accuracy准确性；C. currency货币；D. fluency流畅。根据上文
“The team tried decoding the brain signal data into 10 words at time, rather than whole sentences, but
this increased the error rate to 38 per cent even for the best performance.(研究小组试图将大脑信号数据一次解码
成单个单词，而不是整个句子，但即使表现最好，这还是将错误率提高到38%。)”可知，增大词汇量，就
意味着降低准确性，故选B项。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们的大脑活动可能与本研究中的女性不同，这使得这项工作更加困难。A. critical挑剔的；B. specific具体的；C. proper适当的；D. difficult困难的。根据上文“it is possible
their brain activity may be different from that of the women in this study(她们的大脑活动可能与在这项研究中的
女性不同)”可知，真正有语言障碍的病人的大脑活动可能与本研究中的女性不同，这会让这项工作更加困
难，故选D项。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能知道大约25万个单词，所以他们使用的语言仍然非常有限。A.
committed忠诚的；B. oppressed受压制的；C. restricted限制的；D. dominated占主导地位的。根据上文
“Sophie Scott at University College London says we are a long way from being able to translate brain signal data
comprehensively.(伦敦大学学院的索菲·斯科特表示，要全面翻译大脑信号数据，我们还有很长的路要
走。)”可知，要全面翻译大脑信号数据，我们还有很长的路要走，这说明即使你可能知道大约25万个单词，
这些单词还是非常有限的，故选C项。
2
16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. D 29.
C 30. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国提出“碳峰值”和“碳中和”目标以来首次举办论坛，文章介绍了论坛的
举行情况以及湖南在坚持走生态优先、绿色低碳发展道路的发展情况。
16. 考查名词和副词词义辨析。句意：为期三天的论坛将通过线上线下的形式举行，包括开幕式和闭幕式、
两个主题论坛和六个平行分论坛。A. past过去；B. online (副词)在线地；C. cooperation合作；D. share股份。
根据后文“and offline”可知指线上线下，应用online。故选B。
17. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为期三天的论坛将通过线上线下的形式举行，包括开幕式和闭幕式、两个
主题论坛和六个平行分论坛。A. speech演讲；B. economics经济学；C. ceremonies仪式；D. communication
交流。根据上文“including the opening and closing”可知，此处指开幕式和闭幕式。故选C。
18. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：来自国内外政府部门、国际组织、学术界和企业界的约 400名嘉宾出席会
议，探讨在不同领域推动绿色低碳发展的机遇和措施。A. from来自；B. of属于；C. to朝着；D. for为了。
根 据 前 文 “ About 400 guests” 和 后 文 “ domestic and foreign government departments, international
organizations, academia and business communities”可知，此处指来自国内外政府部门、国际组织、学术界和
企业界的约400名嘉宾。故选A。
19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：来自国内外政府部门、国际组织、学术界和企业界的约 400名嘉宾出席会
议，探讨在不同领域推动绿色低碳发展的机遇和措施。A. challenges挑战；B. mistakes错误；C. issues问题；
D. opportunities 机会。根据后文“and measures to promote green and low-carbon development in different
fields”可知，此次论坛是要在不同领域推动绿色低碳发展，那么会上所谈的应该是绿色低碳发展的方法措施和面临的机遇。故选D。
20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：湖南省与亚洲开发银行共同主办了四届亚太绿色低碳发展峰会，不仅在开
放合作方面取得突出成果，也汇聚了许多创新成果。A. questions问题；B. results结果；C. pleasure快乐；
D. features特征。呼应后文“together many innovative achievements”可知，此处指在开放合作方面取得突出
成果。故选B。
21. 考查动词和副词词义辨析。句意：湖南省与亚洲开发银行共同主办了四届亚太绿色低碳发展峰会，不
仅在开放合作方面取得突出成果，也汇聚了许多创新成果。A. brought带来；B. though (副词)然而；C.
thought认为；D. saw看见。根据后文“together many innovative achievements”指峰会汇聚了许多创新成果。
bring together“汇聚”。故选A。
22. 考查形容词和副词词义辨析。句意：湖南省副省长陈文浩表示，论坛已成为绿色低碳发展交流合作的
重要平台，也是宣传和推广绿色低碳技术的重要媒介。A. easy容易的；B. simply (副词)仅仅；C. hard努力
的；D. important 重要的。呼应后文“platform for exchanges and cooperation in green and low-carbon
development and an important medium for publicity and promotion of green and low-carbon technologies”指论坛
已成为绿色低碳发展交流合作的重要平台，也是宣传和推广绿色低碳技术的重要媒介。故选D。
23. 考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：近年来，湖南始终坚持走生态优先、绿色低碳发展道路。A.
development发展；B. public公众；C. merit优点；D. dependent (形容词)依赖的。呼应上文中“green and
low-carbon development”指走绿色低碳发展道路。故选A。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：五年来，全省生态环境投资年均增长16%，不安全、落后和不合格的环保
产能基本清理完毕，环保产业总产值近3000亿元。A. turned转弯；B. cleared清除；C. jumped跳跃；D.
cleaned打扫。结合上文“unsafe, backward and substandard environmental protection production capacity has
been basically”可知，此处指清理不安全、落后和不合格的环保产能。故选B。
25. 考查名词和动词词义辨析。句意：五年来，全省生态环境投资年均增长16%，不安全、落后和不合格
的环保产能基本清理完毕，环保产业总产值近 3000亿元。A. element要素；B. operate (动词)操作；C.
industry产业、工业；D. corporation公司。根据上文“the total output value of the environmental protection”可
知，此处讲到了总产值，应该指的是一个行业的总产值，环保产业总产值，应用industry。故选C。
26. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：污染排放总量持续下降。A. huge巨大的；B. small小的；C. total总的；
D. little很少的。根据后文“amount of pollution emission continues to decrease”可知，此处是在说明污染排放
总量的下降。故选C。
27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：森林覆盖率59.96%，湿地保护率75.77%，森林蓄积量5.88亿立方米，城
市空气质量良好天数比例达91.7%。A. air空气；B. soil土地；C. headwater上游；D. light光线。根据后文“The blue sky, clear water and green mountains are becoming the beautiful name cards of Hunan.”可知，空气质
量得到了改善。故选A。
28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：湖南将坚持以绿色转型为动力，与亚行签署第二阶段合作备忘录，推动绿
色低碳技术的开发和应用，明确碳峰值发展的时间表、路线图和建设图纸，建立健全生产体系， 绿色低
碳循环发展的循环体系和消费体系。A. stood站立；B. related叙述；C. consulted咨询；D. signed署名。根
据后文“the second phase of cooperation memorandum with ADB”可知，备忘录是要签署的，此处指与亚行签
署第二阶段合作备忘录。故选D。
29. 考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：湖南将坚持以绿色转型为动力，与亚行签署第二阶段合作备忘录，
推动绿色低碳技术的开发和应用，明确碳峰值发展的时间表、路线图和建设图纸，建立健全生产体系，
绿色低碳循环发展的循环体系和消费体系。A. worthy (形容词)值得的；B. trust信任；C. promote推动，改
善；D. try尝试。根据后文“the development and application of green and low-carbon technology”可知，湖南
将推动绿色低碳技术的开发和应用，promote符合语境。故选C。
30. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：湖南将坚持以绿色转型为动力，与亚行签署第二阶段合作备忘录，推动绿
色低碳技术的开发和应用，明确碳峰值发展的时间表、路线图和建设图纸，建立健全生产体系， 绿色低
碳循环发展的循环体系和消费体系。A. software软件；B. goods商品；C. part部分；D. system系统、体系。
对应后文中“circulation system and consumption system”，此处指建立健全生产体系， 绿色低碳循环发展的
循环体系和消费体系。故选D。
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31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. B 37. C 38. B 39. D 40. B 41. C 42. B 43. A 44.
D 45. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了维格利博士通过实验发现丛林大火实际上对被大象破坏的树木是有益
的。
31. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到大象的伤害经常会导致树木死亡，而丛林大火也经常会导致树木
死亡的事实，我们有理由认为两者的结合会使情况更糟。A. difficult困难的；B. reasonable合理的、有理由
的；C. necessary必要的；D. awful可怕的。大象的伤害经常会导致树木死亡，而灌木丛大火也经常会导致
树木死亡，所以我们有理由认为两者的结合会使生态变得更糟，故B项正确。
32. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，与这个假设相反，正如本杰明·维格利最近发表的研究所显示的，如
果一棵树已经被损坏，火灾实际上可以帮助改善情况。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. furthermore
此外；D. somehow不知何故。空前的“Contrary to this assumption”表明接下来介绍的情况与前面的假设相
反，此处表示转折，故A项正确。33. 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. uniquely独特地；B. barely勉强；C. actually实际上；D. merely仅仅。
根据空前的“Contrary to this assumption”可知，与这个假设相反，火灾实际上可以帮助改善情况，故 C项
正确。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：维格利博士确实是从一个显而易见的假设出发的，他开始着手研究丛林大
火对树皮剥落的影响有多严重。A. phenomenon 现象；B. evidence 证据； C. imagination 想象；D.
assumption假设。空后说为了达到这个目的，他在克鲁格国家公园设立了一个研究中心，自 1954年以来，
为了了解火灾对平原生态的影响，人们一直在克鲁格进行实验，定期焚烧小块土地，由此可知，维格利博
士的研究是从一个假设出发的，故D项正确。
35. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：自1954年以来，为了了解火灾对平原生态的影响，人们一直在克鲁格进行
实验，定期焚烧小块土地。A. equally平等地；B. regularly定期地、有规律地；C. severely严重地；D.
purposely故意地。为了研究丛林大火对树皮剥落的影响有多严重，实验中自然需要定期焚烧土地，故B项
正确。
36. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：第三个区域则相反，受到了积极的防火保护。A. burnt with为……所煎熬；
B. protected from使免受；C. covered by被……覆盖；D. exposed to暴露于。空前说在这些实验中，维格利
博士观察了三个不同区域的树木，其中一个区域的树木每年都被烧，第二个区域的树木每隔一年就被烧，
这两个区域的树木都是被烧的，而且下文说取下树皮之后，火灾区树木的伤口恢复得远远好于那些根本没
有经受火灾的树木，由此可知，为了做比较，第三个区域的树木应该是防止被烧，最后一段中的 fire-
prevention也是提示，故B项正确。
37. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他选马鲁拉树是因为它们是大象活动的特别受害者。A. participants参与者；
B. partners搭档；C. victims受害者；D. friends朋友。根据空后的“But elephants also seem to enjoy eating
their bark.”可知，但大象似乎也喜欢吃它们的树皮，因此马鲁拉树是大象活动的特别受害者，故C项正确。
38. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016年7月，他和他的同事在每个区域都找到20个马鲁拉树，并使用特殊
工具从每棵马鲁拉树上取下直径 5厘米的圆形树皮。A. mark 标志；B. remove 去除；C. hit 打击；D.
measure测量。根据下文中的“wounds”可知，他们取下了一块树皮，故B项正确。
39. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在造成了这种伤害之后，他们在接下来的两年里对伤口进行了监测，看看
会发生什么。A. regulated调节；B. checked检查；C. healed治愈；D. monitored监控。根据空后的“to see
what would happen”可知，他们对伤口进行了监测以观察会发生什么，故D项正确。
40. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他们惊讶的是，他们发现，火灾区树木的伤口恢复得远远好于那些根本
没有经受火灾的树木。A. disappointment失望；B. surprise惊讶；C. joy欢乐； D. relief减轻。空后说火灾
区树木的伤口恢复得远远好于那些根本没有经受火灾的树木，这一点是令他们非常惊讶的，故B项正确。41. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. vitality活力；B. height高度；C. bark树皮；D. strength力量。上文
说他们从每棵马鲁拉树上取下直径5厘米的圆形树皮，因此此处指他们观察树皮的再生情况，故C项正确。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这两年的研究中，在每年一次的火灾区受伤的树木重新生长了98%的树
皮，那些生活在两年一次的火灾区的树木重新增长了 92%，但那些在防火区的树木只长了 72%。A.
controlled控制；B. prevented防止；C. started开始；D. boosted促进。上文说维格利博士观察了三个不同区
域的树木，其中一个区域的树木每年都被烧，第二个区域的树木每隔一年就被烧，第三个区域则受到了积
极的防火保护，因此此处指的是受到了积极的防火保护的区域，故B项正确。
43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：蚂蚁是一种已知会破坏树木的物种，被认为会干扰组织愈合。A. disturb打
扰、干扰；B. promote提升；C. impact产生影响；D. quicken加快。空前说蚂蚁会破坏树木，因此它们会干
扰组织愈合，故A项正确。
44. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，看起来好像丛林大火是通过杀死蚂蚁来治疗树木的伤口，否则蚂蚁
可能会在那里安家和破坏树木。A. therefore因此；B. nevertheless不过；C. then那么；D. otherwise否则。
大火烧死了会破坏树木的蚂蚁，否则它们将在树的伤口处安家和破坏树木，故D项正确。
45. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在一个由负变正的例子中，似乎它们实际上对受伤的树木是有益的。
A. beneficial有益的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. effective有效的；D. cruel残忍的。上文说在防火区的
20棵树中，有一半在伤口处出现了蚂蚁窝，而在火灾区受伤的树木的伤口处很少出现蚂蚁窝，这表明火灾
对受伤的树木是有益的，故A项正确。
4
46. A 47. D 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. D 56. C 57. A 58. B 59.
B 60. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，未来通过科技，食物能被设计得更具有营养价值。
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们今天享用的水果和蔬菜经过数千年的精心培育，我们往往无法辨认其
原始的野生作物。A. recognition认出；B. order顺序；C. disadvantage缺点；D. balance平衡。由上文的
“but barely any of our current produce ever existed in the natural world. The fruit and vegetables that we enjoy
today have been selectively bred over thousands of years”可知，我们今天享用的、经过数千年精心培育的水果
和蔬菜几乎都不存在于自然界，可得出人们无法辨认它的原始野生作物是什么，out of all recognition (面目
全非、认不出来、无法辨认)。故选A项。
47. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，胡萝卜最初不是橙色的，而是瘦骨嶙峋的白色；桃子曾经很像樱桃，
尝起来很咸。A. By contrast相比之下；B. In addition此外；C. On the contrary相反；D. For instance例如。
由上文语境和下文的“carrots weren’t originally orange, they were scrawny and white; peaches once resembledcherries and tasted salty”可知，下文通过举例“胡萝卜最初不是橙色的，而是瘦骨嶙峋的白色；桃子曾经很
像樱桃，尝起来很咸”说明“对于经过数千年精心培育的水果和蔬菜，人们无法辨认它的原始野生作物是
什么”这一点。故选D项。
48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，选择大而美味的特性，再加上密集的农业实践，有时会付出营养代
价。A. flavors味道；B. smells气味；C. traits特性；D. appearances外观。由上文的“big and tasty”可知，
“大而美味”指的是水果和蔬菜的特性，ABD均是特性中的一方面因素。故选C项。
49. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，选择大而美味的特性，再加上密集的农业实践，有时会付出营养
代价。A. revolutionary革命性的；B. financial经济的；C. environmental环境的；D. nutritional营养成分的。
由下文的“with today’s vegetables having about two-thirds of the minerals they used to have”可知，今天的蔬菜
中含有的矿物质约为过去的三分之二，说明让食物变得大而美味是要以牺牲营养价值为代价的。故选D项。
50. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的一个世纪里，水果和蔬菜中的蛋白质、钙、铁、维生素 B2和维生
素C都有所减少，今天的蔬菜中含有的矿物质约为过去的三分之二。A. declined减少、下降；B. restricted
限制；C. readjusted重新调整；D. revised修改。由上文语境和下文的“with today’s vegetables having about
two-thirds of the minerals they used to have”可知，让食物变得大而美味是要以牺牲营养价值为代价的，所以
现在食物中的营养成分（蛋白质、钙、铁、维生素B2、维生素C和矿物质）都减少了。故选A项。
51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2028年，遗传学和生物分子科学应该在一定程度上恢复了这种平衡。A.
upset使烦恼；B. restored恢复；C. maintained维持；D. created创造。由标题“Food to Be Engineered to Be
More Nutritious”和上文的“By 2028, genetics and biomolecular science”可知，虽然让食物变得大而美味是
要以牺牲营养价值为代价的，但通过遗传学和生物分子科学，食物能被设计得更具有营养价值，恢复“大
而美味的特性（而营养价值降低）”和“保持营养价值”之间的平衡。故选B项。
52. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一种有机体的 DNA将被插入另一种有机体的DNA中，从而无需进行几
代选择性育种以获得理想的特性。A. rewarding有益的；B. desirable值得拥有的、理想的；C. responsive反
应敏捷的；D. stable稳定的。由上文语境可知，通过遗传学和生物分子科学，食物能被设计得更具有营养
价值，使食物既有“大而美味的特性”，又有“营养价值”，所以人们通过科技可以获得无需几代育种就
能得到的理想的特性（好看好吃又营养）。故选B项。
53. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在去年，澳大利亚的研究人员展示了一种富含维生素原 A的香蕉，维
生素原A是香蕉中通常不存在的一种重要营养素。A. favorable有利的；B. precise准确的；C. feasible可行
的；D. present存在的。由下文的“the researchers took out genes from a specific type of Papua New Guinean
banana that’s naturally high in provitamin A, and then inserted them into the common banana variety”可知，研究
人员从巴布亚新几内亚的一种天然富含维生素原 A的特殊类型的香蕉中提取了基因，然后把维生素原 A插入普通香蕉品种的DNA中，可得出维生素原A只存在于巴布亚新几内亚的一种特殊类型的香蕉中，在普
通香蕉中维生素原A是不存在的。故选D项。
54. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：更有争议的是，DNA可以从完全不同的有机体中移植，以创造出在选择性
育种中永远不会出现的品种。A. occur出现；B. originate起源；C. orient朝向；D. overtake赶上。由下文的
“Corn has been successfully given a ___10___ of methionin—a key nutrient missing in the cereal —with an
insertion of DNA from a bacterium.”可知，玉米中缺少关键营养素——蛋氨酸，但玉米通过插入细菌 DNA，
会拥有在谷物中缺少的蛋氨酸，说明DNA移植可以创造出在选择性育种中永远不会出现的品种。故选 A
项。
55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：玉米通过插入细菌DNA，成功地提高了蛋氨酸的含量，蛋氨酸是谷物中缺
少的一种关键营养素。A. pattern图案；B. budget预算；C. polish抛光；D. boost提高。由本处语境可知，
玉米中缺少关键营养素——蛋氨酸，但玉米通过插入细菌DNA，能够创造出新品种，提高玉米中的蛋氨酸
含量。故选D项。
56. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些不可思议的植物创造有数百个例子：含有更多蛋白质的土豆、玉米和
大米，以及携带铁的莴苣，其形式很容易被身体消化。A. causes原因；B. dishes菜肴；C. examples例子；
D. ranges范围。由下文的“these incredible botanical creations: potatoes, corn and rice containing more protein,
and lettuce that carries iron in a form that’s easily digestible by the body”可知，含有更多蛋白质的土豆、玉米和
大米，以及携带铁的莴苣，都是不可思议的植物创造的例子。故选C项。
57. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在未来十年里，营养强化作物的数量可能会激增。A. explode激增；B.
disappear消失；C. shrink缩小；D. steady使平稳。由标题“Food to Be Engineered to Be More Nutritious”
和上文的“hundreds of ___11___ of these incredible botanical creations: potatoes, corn and rice containing more
protein, and lettuce that carries iron in a form that’s easily digestible by the body”可知，通过相关科技，食物能
被设计得更具有营养价值，这些不可思议的植物创造有数百个例子，可得出更有营养的作物的数量可能会
激增。故选A项。
58. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：精确的DNA编辑技术——也就是一种名为CRISPR-Cas9的技术——现在
可以以前所未有的精确度改变植物的遗传密码。A. cancellation取消；B. alteration改变；C. addition增加；
D. solution 解决方法。由上文的“DNA from one organism will be inserted into that of another”和“Precise
DNA-editing technology”可知，精确的DNA编辑技术，将一种有机体的DNA插入另一种有机体的DNA中，
这在改变植物的遗传密码。故选B项。
59. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：准备好品尝美味的苹果和它们的苦涩祖先的所有好处，不引起过敏的花生，
以及蛋白质含量相当于肉类的扁豆。A. Come up with提出；B. Get ready for为……做准备；C. Give priorityto 优先考虑；D. Cut down on 削减。由下文的“tasty apples with all the goodness of their bitter forebears,
peanuts that don’t cause allergies, and lentils that have a protein content equivalent to that of meat”可知，在未来
通过精确的DNA编辑技术，会出现不引起过敏的花生以及蛋白质含量相当于肉类的扁豆等这样的食物，
人们将等着准备好品尝这种食物。故选B项。
60. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就像再次创造橙色胡萝卜一样！A. creating创造；B. devoting贡献；C.
consuming消耗；D. tasting品尝。由上文的“but barely any of our current produce ever existed in the natural
world. The fruit and vegetables that we enjoy today have been selectively bred over thousands of years”和“carrots
weren’t originally orange, they were scrawny and white”可知，我们今天享用的、经过数千年精心培育的水果
和蔬菜几乎都不存在于自然界，且胡萝卜最初不是橙色的，而是瘦骨嶙峋的白色，可得出橙色胡萝卜是被
创造出来的。故选A项。
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61. A 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. B 66. D 67. B 68. D 69. D 70. B 71. C 72. B 73. B 74.
C 75. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了物理学家发现的物质内部电子结构以及其运行方式。
61. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果条件正确的话，一些物质内部的电子将会自己形成一个整洁的蜂巢状
结构—就像固体中有一个固体。A.conditions 条件；B.situations 情况；C.environments 环境；D.
circumstances情况。分析文章内容可知，物质内部的电子要形成一个稳定的蜂窝状结构的前提是要有一个
正确的条件，故选A。
62. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果条件正确的话，一些物质内部的电子将会自己形成一个整洁的蜂巢状
结构—就像固体中有一个固体。A.item项目；B.thing事情；C.material物质；D.article文章。根据“ some
of the electrons inside”内容可知，只有物质的内部才有电子，故选C。
63. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果条件正确的话，一些物质内部的电子将会自己形成一个整洁的蜂巢状
结构—就像固体中有一个固体。A.cube方块；B.solid固体；C.structure结构；D.dimension尺寸。根据上文
“arrange themselves into a tidy honeycomb pattern（蜂巢状结构）”以及常识可知，蜂窝状结构出现在蜂窝
中，而蜂窝是一个固体。故选B。
64. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：物理学家们现在已经直接成像了这些“维格纳晶体”，以匈牙利出生的理
论家尤金·维格纳的名字命名，他在大约 90 年前第一次想象了这些晶体。A.occasionally 偶尔地；
B.surprisingly惊讶地；C.indirectly间接地；D.directly直接地。前文提到，如果条件正确的话，在物质内部
的电子将形成蜂窝状结构。由此判断现在的物理学家已经能够直接将这种结构形成图像，故选D。65. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：物理学家们现在已经直接成像了这些“维格纳晶体”，以匈牙利出生的理
论家尤金·维格纳的名字命名，他在大约90年前第一次设想了这些晶体。A.scientist科学家；B.theorist理论
家；C.predictor预言家；D.fantasist幻想家。后文提到“Eugene Wigner, who first imagined them almost 90
years ago.”（他在大约90年前第一次设想了这些晶体），由此判断90年前，并有没有办法形成现实。由此
判断尤金·韦格纳是一名理论家。故选B。
66. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究人员已经令人信服地创造出了维格纳晶体，并测量了它们的性质，但
这是第一次有人真正地拍下这个模式的快照，研究合著者，加州大学伯克利分校的物理学家王峰说。
A.potently有说服力地；B.absolutely绝对地；C.definitely肯定地；D.convincingly令人信服地。后文提到
“this is the first time that anyone has actually taken a snapshot of the patterns”（就是第一次有人真正地拍下了
这个模式的快照。）通过拍摄出来的照片一事可知，维格纳晶体已经被创造出来的，这一点是可以令人信
服的。故选D。
67. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了制造维格纳晶体，王的团队制造了一个设备，其中包含原子薄层的两
种类似半导体:二硫化钨和二硒化钨。A.observing 观察；B.containing 包含；C.watching 看；注视；
D.undertaking承担。后文提到两种半导体分别为二硫化物和联硒化物，由此判断，这两种类似半导体是存
在于这个设备中的。故选B。
68. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在普通材料中，电子的旋转速度太快，以至于它们的负电荷之间的排斥力
很难对其产生难以察觉到的影响。A.significantly 显著地；B.obviously 明显地；C.tiny 极小的；
D.inconspicuously难以察觉地。后文提到“But Wigner predicted that if electrons travelled slowly enough, that
repulsion would begin to dominate their behaviour. ”（但维格纳预测，如果电子运动足够慢，这种排斥力将开
始主导它们的行为。）由此判断电子运动的快的话，这种排斥力将无法主导他们的行为，即无法对他们产
生难以察觉到的影响，故选D。
69. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在普通材料中，电子的旋转速度太快，以至于它们的负电荷之间的排斥力
很难对其产生难以察觉到的影响。A.magnetic field磁场；B.force力量；C.attraction吸引力；D.repulsion排
斥力。后文提到“But Wigner predicted that if electrons travelled slowly enough, that repulsion would begin to
dominate their behaviour. ”（但维格纳预测，如果电子运动足够慢，这种排斥力将开始主导它们的行为。）
由此判断电子运动过程中会产生排斥力。故选D。
70. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，电子会找到使总能量最小的排列方式，例如蜂窝状结构。A.
interrelations相互关系；B. arrangements安排；排列；C. requirements请求；D. pairs一双；一对。第一段第
一句提到“some of the electrons inside a ... will arrange themselves into a tidy honeycomb pattern”（一些物质内
部的电子将会把它们自己排列成为蜂窝状结构），由此判断，电子有自己的排列方式。故选B。71. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，电子会找到使总能量最小的排列方式，例如蜂窝状结构。A. sphere
pattern球型；B. cylinder pattern圆柱型；C. honeycomb pattern蜂窝型；D. corn pattern玉米型。第一段第一
句提到“some of the electrons inside a ... will arrange themselves into a tidy honeycomb pattern”（一些物质内部
的电子将会把它们自己排列成为蜂窝状结构），由此判断，电子在物质内部会形成蜂窝状结构。故选C。
72. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，Wang和他的同事们通过将电子冷却到绝对零度以上几度来减慢电子
的速度。A. heating加热；B. cooling冷却；C. speeding加速；D. slowing减慢。根据后文“a few degrees
above absolute zero”提到温度达到了绝对零度以上，由此判断需要使用降温冷却的方式才能达到。故选B。
73. 考查介词辨析。句意：设备两层之间的不匹配也有助于电子形成维格纳晶体。A. within在......内；B.
between在......之间（两者间）；C. among在......当中（群体内）；D. through通过。根据后文中“ the two
layers in the device”（设备两层之间）可知，两层之间应使用介词between。故选B。
74. 考查动词词组辨析。句意：这种重复的模式产生了能量稍低的区域，这有助于电子稳定下来。A. speed
up加速；B. stop停止；C. settle down稳定；D. calm down镇定下来。第三段最后两句提到“The electrons
would then find ..... it to a few degrees above absolute zero.”（然后，电子会找到使总能量最小的排列方式，例
如蜂窝状结构。因此，Wang和他的同事们通过将电子冷却到绝对零度以上几度来减慢电子的速度）电子
排列成整齐结构时的能量需求较少，且物理学家会通过降温冷却的方式来减慢电子的速度从而电子稳定下
来。故选C。
75. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在STM中可以观察到，一个金属尖端悬停在样品表面上，电压使电子从尖
端跳下来，产生电流。 A. light光；B.voltage电压；C. energy能量；D. ion离子。后文提到“creating an
electric current.”（产生电流），由此判断只有在有电压的情况下才能产生电流。故选B。
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76. B 77. A 78. B 79. D 80. D 81. C 82. D 83. C 84. A 85. B 86. D 87. B 88. D 89.
A 90. C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己对自行车运动的热爱，对于作者来说，骑车意味着自由。
但是由于新冠疫情蔓延，作者很久没有骑车了，作者盼望着疫情迅速结束，使他能够重登自行车，寻找自
由的感觉。
76. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：冬天使加拿大东部陷入冰天雪地。A. scared恐吓；B. plunged使陷入；C.
frosted结霜；D. sealed封上，封盖。根据语境和后文“Eastern Canada into a deep freeze”可知，冬天使加拿
大东部陷入了冰天雪地。故选B项。
77. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们每个人都期待着一些事情来让我们度过隔离期：见朋友、在餐馆
吃饭、在电影院看电影……。A. going through经历，经过；B. suffering from遭受；C. holding up阻碍；D.putting off推迟。根据前文“We sat at home, waiting for the COVID-19 cases to decrease and for the weather to
improve.”及后文“the isolation”可知，作者盼望着他们迅速度过隔离期。故选A项。
78. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从11月起，我的希望就在车库里静静地积满了灰尘。A. stuffing填充；B.
gathering聚集，积聚；C. assembling组装；D. coating涂层。根据语境和后文“dust in the garage”可知，由
于疫情，作者很久没有骑车出过门，车库里积聚了灰尘。故选B项。
79. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：胆小的人可能会在那时完全放弃骑车，但我不会，因为骑车对我来说意味
着：自由。A. forgotten忘记；B. undertaken承担；C. loathed厌恶；D. abandoned放弃（信念），抛弃。根
据语境和后文“but not me, 5 what biking means to me: freedom”可知，作者坚持骑车，热爱骑车，
而胆小的人可能会放弃骑车。故选D项。
80. 考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：胆小的人可能会在那时完全放弃骑车，但我不会，因为骑车对我来说
意味着：自由。A. regardless of不管；B. no matter无论；C. in spite of尽管；D. because of因为。根据语境
和后文“what biking means to me: freedom”可知，作者热爱骑车的原因是骑车意味着“自由”。故选D项。
81. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，老姑娘（指旧自行车）开始显示她的年龄，和原来相
比，现在有更多的替换零件。A. excess过量的；B. replaced可替代的；C. original原始的，最初的；D.
backup备份的。根据前文“As time goes by, the old gal has started showing her age, and now there are more
replacement parts on her”可知，这辆自行车和最初的时候相比，增添了更多的替换零件。故选C项。
82. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但随着疫情的肆虐，所有的自行车店都缺少新型号的自行车，她（指旧
自行车）成了我的唯一。A. dependent依赖的；B. hard艰难的；C. keen热切的；D. low低的，（数量）减
少的。根据后文“as the pandemic has swept them clean”以及“she is all I have”可知，自行车店里缺少新型号
的自行车，作者没有买新的。故选D项。
83. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有过不去的障碍。A. shortcut捷径；B. vehicle交通工具；C. obstacle障碍
物；D. spot地点。根据前文“as long as I’m alive and eating, I’ve got fuel and can pedal to the ends of Earth if I
want”和后文“Jammed roads mean nothing”可知，在作者眼里，骑自行车没有他过不去的障碍。故选C项。
84. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：封闭的经历让这段记忆对我更有意义。A. lockdown封锁；B. congestion拥
堵；C. meltdown 崩溃；D. recovery 恢复。根据前文“We sat at home, waiting for the COVID-19 cases to
decrease and for the weather to improve.”可知，由于新冠疫情，作者封闭在家一段日子。故选A项。
85. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们整个社会都咬紧牙关，因为我们认为只需要坚持一年就能到达彼岸。
A. spill洒出；B. tough坚持，忍受；C. cross穿越；D. stress强调，着重。根据前文“Society gritted its
teeth”及后文“for a year to get to the other side”可知，人们都认为只需坚持一年，疫情就过去了。故选B项。
86. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年变成了两年，从那时起问题就越来越严重了。A. bumped颠簸而行；B.rushed匆忙；C. slipped滑倒；D. turned转动，变成。根据语境和前文“Then Delta hit. Then Omicron.”可知，
起初人们认为坚持一年疫情就过去了，不料，病毒变异，Delta及Omicron继续传播，一年变成两年了。故
选D项。
87. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：听起来很可笑，在我蹬车爬上一座小山的旧时代，在我的脑海中，我成了
环法自行车赛的领头羊，而那座市中心的小山变成了阿尔卑斯山。A. rounded绕行；B. powered驱动；C.
leapt跳跃；D. scaled攀登。基于前文的分析可知，作者是个自行车爱好者，根据语境和后文“I became the
leader in the Tour de France”可知，作者蹬车上山。故选B项。
88. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想要感受登顶时的那种小小的兴奋，因为我知道这样做再一次告诉我，
我可以去任何地方，没有什么能阻挡我。A. presence存在；B. interest兴趣；C. spark火花；D. thrill激动，
兴奋。根据常识和后文“making it to the summit”，作者成功登顶，感受到成功的兴奋。故选D项。
89. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从某种程度上说，我不能像以前那样越过那些山丘了，但骑车是有时间限
制的运动，并且每次摔倒都是值得的。A. tumble暴跌，摔倒；B. strike袭击；C. stretch伸展；D. rumble隆
隆声。基于前文的分析可知，作者是个自行车爱好者，根据前文“I won’t be able to tackle those hills”可知，
骑车爬山的过程中可能会摔倒，但是作者认为，每次摔倒都是值得的。故选A项。
90. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我永远不想失去这种自由的感觉。A. proportion部分，份额；B. belonging
财产；C. freedom自由；D. relief宽慰。根据前文“what biking means to me: freedom”和“I was free.”可知，
对于作者来说，骑车就意味着自由。故选C项。
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91. B 92. D 93. C 94. A 95. B 96. D 97. B 98. C 99. D 100. A 101. C 102. A 103.
C 104. B 105. B 106. A 107. D 108. A 109. C 110. B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为，在理想情况下,学生们在高中选课前就应选择好职业。但事实上，大
部分人在工作之后还会转行或者一直从事自己不喜欢的工作。作者解释了出现这种情况的主要原因，并给
出了相应的建议。
91. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，理想情况下，职业的选择甚至应该在高中课程选择之前进行。A.
academy专科院校，学会；B. occupation职业，占有；C. guidance引导，领导；D. identification鉴定，识别。
根据前文“Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training.”可知，文章内容与“职业”有关。
故选B项。
92. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，事实上，大多数人在工作期间都会做出多种工作选择，一部分是因
为经济和行业的变化，另一部分是为了升职。A. therefore因此；B. so这样，那样；C. though尽管；D.
however然而。上文“Ideally, therefore, the choice of an occupation should be made even before the choice of acurriculum in high school.”告诉我们最好高中之前选择职业，而本句说很多人在工作过程中还会更换职业，
因此这两句话是转折关系。故选D项。
93. 考查介词及介词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，事实上，大多数人在工作期间都会做出多种工作选择，
一部分是因为经济和行业的变化，另一部分是为了升职。A. in case of以防，假如；B. for因为（补充说明
的原因）；C. because of因为；D. to朝向，趋向。根据本句上下文“most people make several job choices
during their working live, partly ______ economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their positions.”可
知，空后是在解释人们换工作的两个原因。故选C项。
94. 考查动词（短语）词义辨析。句意：因此，年轻人应该参加广泛而灵活的培训项目，使其适合某一领
域的工作，而不是一份工作。A. enter into sth.开始某事；B. participate in sth.参加（活动），参与；C.
involve sb. in sth.使某人参与某活动；D. join in sth.参加（活动）。根据句中“into a broad flexible training
program”可知，年轻人应该参加广泛而灵活的培训项目。enter into符合固定搭配的用法。故选A项。
95. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，年轻人应该参加广泛而灵活的培训计划，使其适合某一领域的工作，
而不是一份工作。A. leave sth. for sb.给某人留下某物；B. fit for sb./sth.对某人/某物适宜适当；C. require需
要，要求；D. fix sth. for sb.供给或准备（食物）。根据前文“Young people should therefore enter into a broad
flexible training program”，年轻人要参加灵活的培训项目，才能使自己适合某个职位。根据句意以及固定
搭配的用法，故选择B项。
96. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，年轻人应该参加广泛而灵活的培训计划，使其适合某一领域的工作，
而不是一份工作。A. career职业，事业，生涯（指长期，终身从事的职业或事业生涯）；B. profession职业
（指受过高等教育或专业训练才能从事的职业）；C. prospects前景，前程；D. work工作，劳动。根据“
a single job. 可知，”使其适合某一领域的工作。field of work是固定用法，意为“工作领域”，其他选项
无此用法。故选D项。
97. 考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，许多年轻人对职业世界或他们自己知之甚少，他们选择终
身工作时总是靠运气。A. few不多，很少（修饰复数可数名词）；B. little不足的，不多的（修饰不可数名
词）；C. much多的，大量的（修饰不可数名词）；D. less较少的，更少的（little的比较级，修饰不可数
名词）。根据后文“about the occupational world or themselves for that matter, choose their lifework on a hit-or-
miss basis. ”，关于职业世界或者自己的相关信息，内容或事情了解得少，才靠运气找工作，因此需要修饰
不可数名词的“很少”。故选B项。
98. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，许多年轻人对职业世界或他们自己知之甚少，他们选择终身工
作时总是靠运气。A. with和，带着；B. by靠近，经过；C. on在……上；D. at在空间，时间的某一点。根
据后半句“_____ a hit-or-miss basis”可知，此处考查固定搭配，on…basis意为“在……基础上”。故选C项。
99. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人不断地换工作。A. flow（液体）流动；B. wander游荡，漫步，闲逛；
C. jump跳，跳跃；D. drift（指人）漫无目的地移动，漂泊。根据后文“Others stick to work in which they
are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.”可知，另一些人坚持做不合适自己的工作，因此本句话指一些
人总是不断跳槽。根据前文“choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss basis.”可知，很多年轻人找工作没有目标，
全靠运气，因此一些人从一个工作漫无目的地换到另一个工作。故选D项。
100. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一些人则坚持从事他们不满意，不适合的工作。A. stick to sth.坚持或维
持某事物；B. turn to sth./sb.向某人/某物寻求帮助；C. adhere to sth.固着于某物；D. subscribe to订阅，订购。
根据上文“Some drift from job to job.”以及固定用法“some…others…”可知，本句和上句讲的是两种不同类
型的人。一种人经常换工作，另一种人坚持不换工作。故选A项。
101. 考查定语从句的先行词。句意：一些人则坚持从事他们不满意，不适合的工作。本句是定语从句，先
行词是work，从句缺少状语，因句中fit有固定搭配fit for sb./sth.意为“适合某人/某物”，故本题应用连词
for which。故选C项。
102. 考查代词冠词辨析。句意：一个常见的错误是，为了获得真实或想象中的名声选择职业。A. its它的；
B. their他们的；D. the定冠词。根据本句句意，选择工作为了这个工作的名声，前文有“an occupation”，
因此应用单数“它的”修饰。故选A项。
103. 考查非谓语动词。句意：太多的高中生，或他们的父母为他们选择了一个专业领域，忽视了该专业相
对较少的职位空缺，以及极高的教育和个人要求。A. to have disregarded不定式的完成式（非谓语动作发生
在谓语动词动作之前）；B. to disregard不定式（表将来，表目的）；C. disregarding现在分词（表主动）；
D. disregard动词原形。本句话谓语动词是choose，此空为非谓语，“disregard忽视”与主句主语“students
and their parents学生和他们的父母”是主动关系。故选C项。
104. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：太多的高中生，或他们的父母为他们选择了一个专业领域，忽视了该专业
相对较少的职位空缺，以及极高的教育和个人要求。A. preparations准备，准备工作；B. requirement要求，
需要；C. specifications 规格，规格说明；D. preferences 偏爱的事物。根据前文“the extremely high
educational and personal ______ ”可知，空处的词由“教育的”和“个人的”两个形容词修饰，“要求”符
合句意。故选B项。
105. 考查限定词用法。句意：一个职业或“白领”工作的想象或真实声望并不是选择它作为终身工作的好
理由。A. such这样的（such a/an + adj. + n.）；B. no没有，无（可与可数名词单复数，不可数名词连用）；
C. very很，非常，十分（用于形容词，副词，限定词前加强语气）；D. so到这种程度（so + adj. + a/an +
n.）。因本句中reason是可数名词，但前面没有冠词，因此填no，且符合句意“这些不是选择它作为终身工作的好理由”。故选B 项。
106. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，这些职业的薪酬并不总是很高。A. moreover此外，而且；B.
otherwise 否则；C. nevertheless 然而；D. still 然而，不过。根据前文“The imagined or real prestige of a
profession or a "white-collar" job is no good reason for choosing it as a life's work.”说明了这些工作的声望不是
选择它们的好理由；本句“these occupations are not always well paid”说明这些工作的薪酬不是很好。这两
句讲了这些工作的两个缺点，因此是并列关系。故选A项。
107. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于大部分工作是机械和体力劳动，大多数年轻人应该认真考虑这些领域。
A. priority优先权；B. regulation管理，调节；C. assessment评估，评价；D. consideration考虑。根据前文
“The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a "white-collar" job is no good reason for choosing it as a life's
work. Moreover, these occupations are not always well paid.”可知，这些工作不像想象中那么好，有很多缺点；
“Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work”而且这些工作主要是机械和体力劳动。
因此年轻人应该认真的考虑是否从事这些工作。故选D 项。
108. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：在做出职业选择之前，一个人应该大致了解他想要从生活中得到什么，以
及他愿意付出多大的努力来获得它。A. out of以（某事物）为起源，来源；B. towards朝着……方向；C.
for 表示接受某事物，从某事物中受益；D. from over 无此短语。根据后文“Some people desire social
prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. (有些人渴望社会声望，另一些人则渴望增长聪明才智。)”可知，本句
意为“一个人想从生活中得到什么”。故选A项。
109. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些人想要安全；其他人则愿意为了经济利益而冒险。A. (take) advantage
of充分利用；B. patience耐心；C. (take) risks冒险做可能失败的事情；D. (take) turns轮流做某事。根据前
文“Some want security”以及“some…others….”可知，后半句意为“一些人想冒险”。故选C项。
110. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一种职业选择都有它的要求和回报。A. awards奖品，奖状；B. rewards
报答，报酬，酬金；C. prize（给与获胜者的）奖，奖励，奖赏；D. bonuses额外津贴，红利。根据本句话
“its demands as well as its ______”可知，空处是与“demands要求”并列的工作的两个方面：是抽象的要
求和回报。故选B项。
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111. D 112. D 113. A 114. C 115. B 116. A 117. D 118. C 119. B 120. D 121. A 122.
A 123. C 124. B 125. C 126. A 127. D 128. B 129. B 130. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了加布里埃尔由不喜欢学音乐到热爱学习大提琴演奏的转变过
程。
111. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：高一的时候，加布里埃尔会可怜地看着那些音乐生，他们背着沉重的乐器艰难地穿梭于校园中，他们必须赶在其他学生到校前练习几个小时。A. travelling旅行；B. marching游行；
C. pacing踱步；D. struggling艰难地行进。根据“with their heavy instrument cases”可知，音乐生要背着沉重
的乐器艰难地行走，故选D。
112. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. rising up抚养；B. coming up走近；C. driving up开车赶到；D.
turning up出现。音乐生需要练习乐器，为了不影响别人，他们需要在其他学生出现在学校以前练习，故选
D。
113. 考查连词词义辨析。句意同上。A. before在……之前；B. after在……之后；C. until直到；D. since自
从。根据常识可知，音乐生需要练习乐器，为了不影响别人，他们需要在其他学生到校以前练习，故选
A。
114. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对自己发誓不去学音乐，因为他讨厌过早上学。A. betray背叛；B.
accept接受；C. avoid避免；D. appreciate欣赏。根据“as he hated getting to school extra early”可知，加布里
埃尔讨厌过早到校，因此他对自己发誓不学（避免）音乐，故选C。
115. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一天，在他学校标准课程的音乐课上，他随意地弹着钢琴，发现
很容易就能分辨出曲调。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而； C. Thus因此；D. Moreover而且。本段讲
加布里埃尔在一次音乐课上意外发现自己很喜欢音乐，与上一段“发誓不学音乐”是转折关系，故选B。
116. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。 A. part部分；B. nature自然。C. basis基础；D. spirit精神。
根据语境和常识可知，音乐课是学校的标准课程的一部分，故选A。
117. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. complicated复杂的；B. safe安全的；C. confusing迷惑的；D.
easy容易的。根据语境可知，他随意地弹钢琴，发现很容易辨认出曲调，故选D。
118. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他意识到事实上他喜欢弹钢琴。A. missed想念；B. disliked不喜欢；C.
enjoyed喜欢；D. denied否认。根据后面一句中的“pleasure”可知，他意识到他事实上喜欢弹钢琴，故选
C。
119. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他试图在走过来听音乐的音乐老师面前隐藏他明显的喜悦。A.
transparent透明的；B. obvious明显的；C. false错误的；D. similar相似的。根据前面一句可知，他意识到
他事实上喜欢弹钢琴，因此他脸上明显有喜悦的表情，故选B。
120. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. run跑；B. jogged慢跑；C. jumped跳；D. wandered漫步。
根据语境可知，课堂上，老师应该是走过来听，故选D。
121. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：也许他演奏得不是特别好，因为老师告诉加布里埃尔他很有鉴别力，并建
议他到音乐储藏室去看看那里有没有他喜欢的乐器。A. because因为；B. but但是；C. though尽管；D. so
所以。根据语境可知，他演奏得可能没那么好，此处解释原因——因为老师告诉过他，虽然有他对音乐很有鉴别力，但还是建议他去音乐室看看是否有他喜欢的乐器，故选A。
122. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. ear耳朵、鉴别力； B. taste品味；C. heart心；D. voice声音。根
据上文可知，加布里埃尔随意弹奏就能成曲子，说明他有乐感。have a good ear有有好的鉴赏力，故选A。
123. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. occurred to 想到；B. took to 喜欢、开始从事；C. appealed to
对……有吸引力；D. held to坚持。根据语境可知，老师建议加布里埃尔去音乐室看看有没有什么乐器能吸
引他，故选C。
124. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他决定给大提琴一个机会。A. change改变； B. chance机会；C. mission
使命；D. function功能。根据语境可知，他决定给大提琴一个机会——他想学习演奏大提琴，故选B。
125. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：开始练习时，他很随意地对待（漫不经心地练习）。A. seriously认真地；
B. proudly骄傲地；C. casually随意地；D. naturally自然地。根据后面一句中的“But he quickly found that
he loved playing this instrument”可推断，开始练习时，他很随意地对待（漫不经心），故选C。
126. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但很快他就发现自己爱上了这种乐器，并且努力练习。A. committed承诺、
致力；B. used使用；C. limited限制；D. admitted承认。根据本句中的“so that within a couple of months he
was playing reasonably well”可知，他努力练习，因此几个月内，他就演奏得相当好，be committed to致力
于，故选A。
127. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着他早上要早到学校，拖着沉重的乐器穿过校园，走在那些被他抛
在脑后的非音乐生同情的目光面前。A. proved证明；B. showed展示；C. stressed强调；D. meant意味着。
根据语境可知，爱上了大提琴意味着他早上要早到学校，拖着沉重的乐器穿过校园，故选D。
128. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. pushing推动；B. dragging拖；C. lifting举起；D. rushing冲。根据
语境和常识可知，大提琴很沉，因此要拖着走，故选B。
129. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. admiring钦佩；B. pitying同情；C. annoying惹恼；D. teasing取笑。
根据文章第一段可知，他很长时间不想从事音乐，同情地看着学音乐的学生，故选B。
130. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. leave over剩下；B. leave aside搁置；C. leave behind 留下、抛在
脑后；D. leave out遗漏。根据语境可知，加布里埃尔现在专心于学习音乐，已经完全把那些同情的目光抛
之脑后了，旨在突出他学习大提琴的决心，故选C。
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131. A 132. B 133. C 134. D 135. D 136. C 137. B 138. B 139. A 140. B 141. A 142.
A 143. C 144. B 145. D 146. C 147. C 148. D 149. A 150. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了有着音乐梦的女孩布伦达·邦格斯为了不影响隔壁养老院的老年人在太
空泡泡里练习打鼓，结果却让自己因此而出名。告诉我们好心有好报。131. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是她的路上有一个障碍。A. obstacle障碍；B. question问题；C. figure
数字；D. hand手。空前说布伦达·邦格斯有一个远大的志向——在乐队里打鼓，空前表示转折关系的
“But”表明在她实现这个梦想的路上有一个障碍，故A项正确。
132. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了能在乐队里演奏，布伦达不得不经常练习，但她的隔壁是一个住着很
多老人的养老院。A. match比赛；B. band乐队；C. talks会谈；D. scene场面。上文说布伦达有一个远大的
志向——在乐队里打鼓，因此此处指“在乐队里演奏”，故B项正确。
133. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sick患病的；B. local当地的；C. elderly上了年纪的；D. poor贫
穷的。住在养老院里的自然是上了年纪的老年人，故C项正确。
134. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布伦达很有礼貌。A. delightful令人愉快的；B. wonderful 美好的；C.
awful可怕的；D. respectful恭敬的、有礼貌的。空后说伦达总是想方设法在不打扰别人的情况下练习打鼓，
这说明她很有礼貌，故D项正确。
135. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她总是想方设法在不打扰别人的情况下练习打鼓。A. waking叫醒；B.
reaching达到；C. embarrassing使尴尬；D. bothering打扰。布伦达很有礼貌，因此她不想因为自己练习打
鼓而影响到隔壁的老年人，故D项正确。
136. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，决心尽可能多地练习打鼓，布伦达想尽了办法。A. scared使害怕；
B. thrilled使激动；C. determined下决心、决定；D. encouraged鼓励。空后说布伦达想尽办法练习打鼓，这
说明她下决心尽可能多地练习，故C项正确。
137. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. tested测试；B. tried尝试；C. played玩；D. found发现。决心要尽
可能多地练习打鼓，布伦达自然是尝试了各种办法，故B项正确。
138. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，在看科学纪录片时，她了解到声音不能在没有空气的太空中传播。
A. light光；B. sound声音；C. air空气；D. heat热量。根据上文可知，布伦达怕打鼓的声音影响到别人，
因此此处指“声音”，故B项正确。
139. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，布伦达·邦格斯决定成为一名音乐宇航员（在太空打架子
鼓）。A. musical音乐的；B. classical经典的；C. medical医疗的；D. physical物理的。上文说布伦达有一
个远大的志向——在乐队里打鼓，这说明她非常喜欢音乐，故A项正确。
140. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以布伦达建造了一个与机器相连的太空泡泡，它可以抽走所有的空气。
A. bag袋子；B. bubble气泡；C. container容器；D. aircraft航空器。空后说机器能把它里面所有的空气都抽
走，因此这是一个太空泡泡，下文中的“space bubble”也是提示，故B项正确。
141. 考查短语词义辨析。句意：里面有一套鼓。A. a set of一组、一套；B. a pair of一双；C. a couple of一
对；D. a part of一部分。根据常识可知，乐队里的架子鼓有大大小小很多个鼓，它们是按套来计算的，故A项正确。
142. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一进去，布伦达就打开机器。疯狂地演奏！A. turned on打开；B. put on穿
上；C. got on上车；D. held on继续。空后说布伦达疯狂地演奏，这说明她一进去就打开机器抽走了里面的
空气，故A项正确。
143. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不久她就出名了。A. mature成熟的；B. skillful熟练的；C. famous出名
的；D. confident自信的。空后说很多人来看她在太空泡泡里的表演，这说明布伦达出名了，故C项正确。
144. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不久之后，她开始走出太空泡泡举办音乐会了。A. Hardly几乎不；B.
Shortly立刻；C. Rarely罕有地；D. Swiftly敏捷地。空前说布伦达出名了，在她出名不久之后，她就开始
举办音乐会了，故B项正确。
145. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. advice建议；B. lessons课程；C. speeches演讲；D. concerts音乐会。
根据上文可知，布伦达一直有一个音乐梦，出名后自然是要举办音乐会为大家演奏，故D项正确。
146. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，布伦达成为了一名真正的音乐宇航员，因为政府让她参与太空旅行，
这远远超出了她最初在乐队里打鼓的志向。A. Suddenly 突然；B. Generally通常；C. Finally 最终；D.
Fortunately幸运地。根据空后的“Brenda became a real musical astronaut”可知，最后，布伦达成为了一名真
正的音乐宇航员，故C项正确。
147. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. effort努力；B. performance表演；C. ambition抱负、志向；D.
attempt企图。根据上文内容可知，布伦达最初的志向是在乐队里打鼓，故C项正确。
148. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被问及她是如何做到这一切的时候，她说：“如果隔壁的那些老人对我
不那么重要，我就不会花这么大力气去寻找解决办法，而这一切都不会发生”。A. gained获得；B. done做；
C. got得到；D. achieved实现、取得。根据上文可知，布伦达通过努力想办法在不影响别人的情况下练习
打鼓而取得了现在的成就，故D项正确。
149. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. mattered要紧、有关系；B. related涉及；C. owed欠；D. talked谈
论。布伦达不想让自己练习打鼓而影响到隔壁养老院的那些老人，这说明这些老人对她很重要，故 A项正
确。
150. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. classes班级；B. places地方；C. difficulties困难；D. lengths长度、
距离。根据上文可知，为了不让自己的练习影响到隔壁养老院的那些老人，布伦达不遗余力地寻找解决办
法，go to such lengths to do表示“不遗余力地去做……”，故D项正确。
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151. D 152. B 153. A 154. C 155. A 156. C 157. B 158. A 159. B 160. A 161. D 162.
C 163. C 164. D 165. B 166. D 167. A 168. D 169. B 170. C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了1820年1月，冯·贝林肖森和他的副手指挥沃斯托克号和米尔尼号在
极度寒冷和危险的条件下航行寻找南极洲的故事。
151. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它的指挥官冯·贝林肖森是一名经验丰富的水手，他曾在1803至1806年
的第一次沙俄环球航行中服役。A. amateur业余的；B. arbitrary专制的；C. reserved保留的；D. experienced
富有经验的。根据空后的“having served in the first Russian voyage around the earth from 1803-06.”可知，冯·
贝林肖森曾在1803至1806年的第一次沙俄环球航行中服役，因此他的经验很丰富，故D项正确。
152. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这是一次不同于以往的航行，要在极度寒冷和危险的条件下航行寻找南
极洲。A. skating滑冰；B. sailing航行；C. diving潜水；D. flying飞行。根据空前的“But this was a voyage
unlike any other,”可知，这是一次不同于以往的航行，要在极度寒冷和危险的条件下航行，故B项正确。
153. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. find发现、寻找；B. leave离开； C. protect保护；D. measure测
量。空后一句说人们早就知道南极一定存在，但他们能到吗？因此他们此次航行的目的是寻找南极洲，故
A项正确。
154. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们早就知道南极一定存在。但他们能到吗？A. eastern东部的；B.
western西部的；C. southern南部的；D. northern北部的。根据上文中的“Antarctica”可知此处指“南极”，
故C项正确。
155. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：冯·贝林肖森指挥着第一艘船沃斯托克号，而他的副手米哈伊尔则负责米
尔尼号。A. commanded指挥、统率；B. constructed建造；C. mended修理；D. deserted遗弃。空后一句说
他的副手米哈伊尔则负责米尔尼号，因此他指挥第一艘船沃斯托克号，故A项正确。
156. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了安全起见，两位指挥官承诺在整个航行过程中决不让对方的船只看不
见自己。A. honour荣誉；B. friendship友谊；C. safety安全；D. convenience便利。根据上文中的“But this
was a voyage unlike any other, 2 in desperately cold and dangerous conditions to 3
Antarctica.”可知，这次航行不同以往，要在极度寒冷和危险的条件下航行寻找南极洲，因此他们特别强调
安全问题，故C项正确。
157. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. make use of利用；B. lose sight of看不见；C. pay attention to注意；
D. hold on to坚持。根据空后的“one another’s ships throughout the voyage.”可知，两位指挥官承诺在整个航
行过程中决不让对方的船只看不见自己，故B项正确。
158. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到了11月，这两艘船抵达澳大利亚，在向东南方向驶去之前，它们在那
里停下来进行维修。A. stopped停下；B. accelerated加速；C. charged充电；D. fled逃走。根据空后的“for
repairs before heading south-east”可知，在向东南方向驶去之前，它们停在澳大利亚进行维修，故A项正确。
159. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们继续航行，天气越来越冷，雾越来越浓，这是一次漫长的航行，有来自冰、雪、雨和雾的危险。A. joys欢乐；B. dangers危险；C. scenery 风景；D. absence缺乏。根据上文
中的“dangerous”及空后的“from ice, snow, rain and fog”可知此处指“来自冰、雪、雨和雾的危险”，故B
项正确。
160. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1月21日，他发现了陆地，这是他第一次在南极圈以南看到陆地，结果发
现它是一个小岛，他叫它彼得大帝岛。A. seen看到；B. touched触碰；C. mentioned提到；D. imagined想
象。空前一句说1月21日，他发现了陆地，因此这是他第一次在南极圈以南看到陆地，故A项正确。
161. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. carried on继续；B. faded away消逝；C. pulled in进站；D. turned
out结果是、最后是。根据空前的“an island”可知，结果发现他看到的“陆地”只是一个小岛，故D项正
确。
162. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了庆祝，他给部下倒满酒，他们共饮三杯。A. names名字；B. orders命
令；C. cheers干杯；D. goals目标。根据空前的“he handed out glasses of wine to his men”可知，他给部下倒
满酒，他们共饮三杯，故C项正确。
163. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他们仍然没有看到南极大陆。A. port港口；B. ocean海洋；C. continent
陆地、大陆；D. mountain山。根据上文中的“On 21 January, he spotted land, the first ever 1 0 south
of the Antarctic Circle: an island, as it 11 , which he named after Peter the Great.”可知，1月21日，他
发现了陆地，这是他第一次在南极圈以南看到陆地，但结果发现它只是一个小岛，因此此处是说他们仍然
没有看到南极大陆，故C项正确。
164. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几天里，他们小心翼翼地沿着一个大冰原的边缘前行，意识到
任何一个错误都可能是致命的。A. years年；B. months月；C. weeks周；D. days天。根据上文中的“On 21
January”及下文中的“on 27 January”可知，下文讲述的是是在接下来的几天里发生的事情，故D项正确。
165. 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. eagerly 急切地；B. carefully 小心地；C. swiftly 敏捷地；D.
randomly随便地。根据空后的“along the edge of a great ice sheet”可知，沿着一个大冰原的边缘前行自然是
要格外小心，故B项正确。
166. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. promise承诺；B. assumption假设；C. help帮忙；D. mistake错误。
空前一句说他们小心翼翼地沿着一个大冰原的边缘前行，此处解释原因——他们知道任何一个小小的错误
都可能是致命的，故D项正确。
167. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，在 1月27日，雾散了。A. lifted 散开；B. thickened 变厚；C.
appeared出现；D. returned返回。根据空后的“the “most beautiful day””可知，那是最美的一天，这说明雾
散了，故A项正确。
168. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：冯·贝林肖森记得，那是最美的一天，虽然寒冷刺骨，但天空晴朗，阳光明媚。A. predicted预测；B. repeated重复；C. added增加；D. remembered记得。根据空后的“the “most
beautiful day””可知，冯·贝林肖森记得那是最美的一天，故D项正确。
169. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. terrible可怕的；B. clear晴朗的；C. dark黑暗的；D. stormy暴风
雨的。根据空后的“bright sunshine”可知，那天天空晴朗，阳光明媚，故B项正确。
170. 考查固定短语。句意：然后他看到了南极洲，他以他所效忠的沙皇的名字亚历山大一世给它命名。根
据空后的“after the Czar he served”可知，他以他所效忠的沙皇的名字给南极洲命名。call after是固定短语，
表示“以……命名”，故C项正确。
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171. D 172. A 173. B 174. A 175. D 176. B 177. A 178. D 179. C 180. D 181. A 182.
D 183. C 184. B 185. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些名人断线（不看手机）的方法。
171. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当《名利场》时装市场总监迈克尔·卡尔和朋友们一起出去吃饭时，他
都会玩一种叫“手机堆”的游戏：每个人都把手机放在桌子中间；谁结账前看了手机，谁就为晚餐买单。
A. wallet钱包；B. handbag手提包；C. watch手表；D. phone手机。根据空前的“the phone pile game”及空
后的“their device”可知此处是说每个人都把手机放在桌子中间，故D项正确。
172. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. pays for为……付钱；B. waits for等待；C. prepares for为……准备；
D. reaches for伸手去拿。根据空前的“whoever looks at their device before the check arrives”及空后的“the
dinner”可知，游戏规则是谁结账前看了手机，谁就为晚餐买单，故A项正确。
173. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：《幸运》杂志前编辑布兰登·霍利下班回家后，很难忽视（不看）手机。
A. examining检查；B. ignoring忽视；C. charging充电；D. finding找到。空后一句说所以她一进门就开始
把手机放进牛奶罐里，直到晚饭后才拿出来，这说明她很难忽视（不看）手机，故B项正确。
174. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，他禁止在卧室里使用电脑和电话，这是他在电影《断线》放映期间
与观众分享的一条家规。A. banned禁止；B. observed观察；C. collected收集；D. adjusted调整。空前一句
说时装设计师马克·雅各布斯不想在睡觉的时候听到手机的响声，因此他禁止在卧室里使用电脑和电话，故
A项正确。
175. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. communicated with与……交流； B. agreed with同意某人的意见；
C. dealt with处理；D. shared with与某人分享。空前说时装设计师马克·雅各布斯不想在睡觉的时候听到手
机的响声，因此他规定家人禁止在卧室里使用电脑和电话，这是他家的一条家规，因此他在电影《断线》
放映期间与观众分享的这条家规，故D项正确。
176. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着智能手机不断进入我们的生活，谷歌眼镜等可穿戴设备进一步威胁到我们的个人空间，用户表示，这些断开连接的技术正在改善人际关系和大脑。A. keep their word信守诺言；
B. make their way into融入；C. take their time不着急；D. fix their attention集中注意力。根据空后的“into
our lives”可知，智能手机已经进入了我们的生活，故B项正确。
177. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. techniques技巧、技术；B. achievements成就；C. images影像；D.
appliances家电。根据空前的“wearable devices like Google Glass”可知，像谷歌眼镜这样可穿戴设备属于断
开连接的技术，故A项正确。
178. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都需要断线（不看手机），纽约作家布鲁姆在接受《纽约时报》采访
时表示。A. learn学习；B. produce生产；C. receive收到；D. need需要。空后一句说我们随时和别人保持
联系（让别人随时能找到我们）的期望，在试图留出私人时间方面造成了一个真正的问题，但私人时间比
以往任何时候都更重要，这说明我们每个人都需要断线（不看手机）以给自己留出私人时间，故D项正确。
179. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们随时和别人保持联系（让别人随时能找到我们）的期望，在试图留出
私人时间方面造成了一个真正的问题。A. figure out解决；B. take up占据；C. set aside留出；D. get over恢
复。根据空前的“creates a real problem in trying to”及空后的“But that private-time is more important than
ever.”可知，但私人时间比以往任何时候都更重要，而一直在线让我们很难留出私人时间，这是我们期望随
时和别人保持联系的这种想法造成的问题，故C项正确。
180. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一种流行的断线的方法是为你的手机选择一个盒子，就像霍利女士一样。
她说：“如果我的手机亮了，还是会让人分心，所以就把它放在盒子里”。A. distributing 分配；B.
entertaining娱乐；C. monitoring监控；D. disconnecting断开连接。空后一句说霍利女士的做法是把手机放
在盒子里以避免手机让她分心，这是断线（不看手机）的方法，故D项正确。
181. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. box盒子；B. room空间；C. pocket口袋；D. bag包。根据空前的
“choose a box for your cellphone”可知此处指“盒子”，故A项正确。
182. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人选择新规则，电视主持人阿里梅尔伯说：“晚上11点以后我就不
看手机”。A. games游戏；B. orders命令；C. sections部分；D. rules规则。空前一句说霍利女士的做法是
把手机放在盒子里以避免手机让她分心，这是她给自己制定的断线（不看手机）的规则，此处介绍的是另
一个规则——阿里梅尔伯坚持晚上11点以后不看手机，故D项正确。
183. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我发现（不看手机的）晚上更令人放松，我睡得更好，”他说。A.
urgent紧急的；B. upsetting令人心烦意乱的；C. relaxing令人放松的；D. virtual事实上的。根据空后的
“and I was sleeping better”可知，她睡得更好，这说明不看手机的晚上更令人放松，故C项正确。
184. 考查介词（短语）辨析。句意：睡眠是一个很大的因素，这就是为什么时装设计师彼得·索姆不想睡
在满是照片和电子邮件的东西旁边（睡觉时把手机放在床边）。A. ahead of在……之前；B. next to紧挨着；C. beyond超过；D. within在……之内。根据空前的“Sleep is a big factor”可知，为了保证睡眠，彼得·索姆
不想睡在满是照片和电子邮件的东西旁边（睡觉时把手机放在床边），故B项正确。
185. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：索姆把他的手机整夜放在客厅充电，这绝对是一个明智的决定。A.
definitely无疑、必定；B. originally最初；C. scarcely决不；D. considerately体谅地。空前一句说索姆把他
的手机整夜放在客厅充电，因此这绝对是一个明智的决定，故A项正确。
12
186. B 187. A 188. A 189. C 190. C 191. D 192. B 193. C 194. D 195. B 196. D 197.
B 198. A 199. A 200. D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。谈论了在教育过程中，父母应该理解尊重孩子，多和孩子沟通，冷静地谈判和
折中，就会形成父母孩子都快乐的和谐氛围。
186. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：关于青少年生活的书籍和电视剧数不胜数，但父母们似乎还没有发现如何
让孩子从卧室地板上捡起衣服，甚至偶尔打扫一下房间。A. questioned 质问；B. discovered 发现；C.
discussed讨论；D. taught教。根据前文“There have been countless books and television series on living with
teenagers”及后文“how to get their children to pick up their clothes from the bedroom floor, or even clean their
room occasionally”可知，虽然有关青少年生活的书籍和电视剧有很多，但是却没有发现如何让孩子学会生
活的东西。故选B项。
187. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能很难接受，但一种对付粗鲁或难相处的青少年的新方法是让父母审
视自己的行为。A. behavior行为；B. responsibility责任；C. issue问题；D. procedure程序。根据后文“The
key to getting teenagers to respect you is to respect them first”可知，这个新方法是让父母审视自己的行为。故
选A项。
188. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你不能继续像过去 12年那样对待他们：他们有重要的意见。A. continue
继续；B. stop停止；C. strive力争；D. hesitate犹豫。根据语境及后文“you have been treating them for the
previous 12 years”可知，孩子们已经长大了，不能继续用过去的方式对待了。故选A项。
189. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你会很不高兴的。A. curious好奇的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. upset不高
兴的，沮丧的；D. unwise不明智的。根据语境和前文“Imagine if you’d spent two hours getting ready to go
out for the evening and someone said, ‘You’ve not going out looking like that, are you?’”可知，当你兴致勃勃地
精心准备要参加晚会，却有人说你穿的衣服多么不合适，你会很不高兴的。故选C项。
190. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你永远不会对一个成年人说这句话，因为这是完全缺乏尊重的表现。”A.
mark标记；B. feeling感觉；C. lack缺乏；D. level水平。基于前文分析可知，当一个人经过精心准备，要
参加晚会时，有人却批评阻止，这是缺乏尊重的表现。故选C项。191. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现，如果你在引导孩子要做正确的事，并相信他们会做好，通常他们
会表现得很好。A. instruct指示；B. require要求；C. forbid禁止；D. trust信任。根据教育常识和前文“if
you have brought your kids up to do the right thing”及后文“they’ll behave well”可知，引导孩子做正确的事，
信任他们，他们往往表现的更好。根据后文“leave them alone”可排除AB两项。故选D项。
192. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过问题；事实上，有时厨房比我离开时还要干净。A.
solution解决方案；B. problem问题；C. opinion观点；D. voice嗓音。根据语境和前文“I’ve found that if
you have brought your kids up to do the right thing, and then 6 them to do it, usually they’ll behave
well”及后文“the kitchen was sometimes cleaner than I’d left it”可以推知，运用这种教育方式，她没有遇到过
问题，孩子们甚至比预期做的还要好。故选B项。
193. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她也认为青少年可能很烦人：享受一个没有责任的世界，但却渴望独立。
A. essential必要的；B. grateful感激的；C. desperate渴望的，绝望的；D. famous著名的。根据常识及后文
“teenage problems were a result of rising hormones and a desire for independence”可知，青少年渴望独立。故
选C项。
194. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，她并不认为他们是在试图骚扰你。A. affording负担得起；B. failing
失败；C. promising许诺；D. trying尽力，试图。根据后文“Until recently, scientists assumed that the brain
finished growing at about the age of 13 and that teenage problems were a result of rising hormones and a desire for
independence.”可知，孩子们的问题有时是荷尔蒙水平上升和渴望独立的结果，并不是他们要试图骚扰父母。
故选D项。
195. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但事实证明，大脑中控制判断和情绪的区域直到 20岁出头才完全成熟。
A. occupied已占用的；B. mature成熟的；C. valued贵重的；D. fruitful硕果累累的。根据常识和后文“This
would explain why many teenagers can’t make good decisions, control their emotions, priorities or concentrate on
several different things at the same time.”可知，大脑中控制判断和情绪的区域在20多岁之前并不完全成熟。
故选B项。
196. 考查介词短语词词义辨析。句意：例如，他们可能会发现很难在看电视、给朋友打电话或完成作业之
间做出正确的决定。A. In addition此外；B. By contrast对比；C. On balance平衡；D. For example例如。根
据后文“they may find it difficult to make the right decision between watching television, ringing a friend, or
finishing their homework”，结合前文，可知，此处是在举例说明。故选D项。
197. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这意味着他们不会为了惹恼父母而故意做错事。A. occasionally偶尔地；
B. intentionally故意地；C. universally普遍地；D. significantly有重大意义地。根据前文“But it turns out that
the region of the brain that controls judgement and emotions is not fully 10 until the early twenties.”等内容可知，孩子们不会是故意做错事的，是因为他们大脑发育并没有完全成熟。故选B项。
198. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Palmano相信，大家都快乐的关键是冷静的谈判和妥协。A. happiness幸福；
B. justice正义；C. restriction限制；D. courage勇气。根据语境及后文“calm negotiation and compromise”，
结合选项可知，理解尊重孩子，和他们冷静的谈判和折中，就会形成父母孩子都快乐的和谐氛围。故选 A
项。
199. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果今天是周六，你可以考虑同意在午夜见面(而不是他们想的凌晨1点)。
A. consider考虑；B. forget忘记；C. encourage鼓励；D. forbid禁止。根据语境和前文“If you want your
teenagers to be home by 11 pm, explain why, but listen to their arguments as well.”以及后文“rather than 1 am,
which is what they had in mind”可知，如果家长希望孩子在晚上11点之前回家，而孩子们想要在凌晨1点回
家，家长可以考虑折中在午夜12点。故选A项。
200. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，问问他们是否遇到过公共交通问题，然后让它过去；他们几乎满足
了你的要求。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Furthermore进一步；D. Instead反而。根据前文“If
they are up to 20 minutes late, don’t react angrily.”和后文“ask if they’ve had a problem with public transport”可
知，“关心问候”和“愤怒的反应”两种行为表现是相反的。故选D项。
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201. D 202. D 203. A 204. B 205. C 206. A 207. B 208. A 209. B 210. D 211. C 212.
A 213. A 214. C 215. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了最新的国会报告承认技术培训的重要性，但也坚持认为人文和社会
科学的研究必须仍然是美国各级教育系统的核心组成部分。文章同时说明了人文学科往往能帮助你找到工
作并取得成功，学生应当为自己未来的职业生涯做好准备。
201. 考查名词短语辨析。句意：在高等教育中，我们的政府应该促进科学技术还是人文学科，不是一个非
此不彼的问题，尽管目前强调让美国年轻人为STEM(科学、技术、工程、数学)相关领域做准备的做法似乎
让它看起来是这样的。A. drain on在……上的消耗；B. objection to反对；C. advantage over占优势；D.
emphasis on强调；重视。although引导让步状语从句，说明上下文是转折关系。根据上文“The question of
whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn't an
either/or proposition(命题) ,”可知，在高等教育中，政府应该促进科学技术还是人文学科不是一个非此即彼
的问题，但是目前对STEM的重视似乎把科学技术与人文学科对立了起来。故选D。
202. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最新的国会报告承认技术培训的至关重要性，但也坚持认为人文和社会
科学的研究必须仍然是美国各级教育系统的核心组成部分。A. extensive广泛的；大量的；B. intensive加强
的；C. literate 有读写能力的；D. technical 科技的。根据上文“The question of whether our governmentshould promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn't an either/or proposition”和下文
“Both are critical to producing citizens”可知，科学技术和人文学科不是非此即彼的问题，因此推断此处说
的是，国会承认科学技术培训的重要性，也认为人文社会研究是教育的核心。故选D。
203. 考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：最新的国会报告承认技术培训的重要性，但也坚持认为人文和社
会科学的研究必须仍然是美国各级教育系统的核心组成部分。A. education教育；B. workforce劳动力；C.
economic经济的；D. political政治的。根据后文“Both are critical to producing citizens”可知人文和社会科学
的研究必须仍然是美国各级教育系统的核心组成部分。故选A。
204. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这两者对于培养能够有效参与我们民主社会的公民，成为有创新精神的领
导人，并从对人类长期伟大思想的反思所提供的精神财富中受益都是至关重要的。A. compete with与……
抗争；B. benefit from 从……受益；C. equal to 与……相等；D. delight in 以……为乐。根据上文
“participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders” 并结合后文“the spiritual
enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.”可知，合格的公民应是有效参与
我们民主社会，是有创新精神的领导人，并能够从人类长期以来所提供的精神财富中受益的公民，故选
B。
205. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在高等教育上投入巨资的家长和学生担心毕业生的就业前景，因为技术进
步和国内及全球市场的变化改变了一些职业，从而导致工资下降和就业岗位减少。各个选项与about构成
短语。A. think (about) 考虑；B. talk (about) 谈论；C. worry (about) 担心；D. inquire about询问。结合后文
“as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce
wages and cut jobs”可知工资下降和就业岗位减少，让家长和学生担心就业前景。故选C。
206. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这种情况下，寻找最“实际”的解决方法是很自然的。A. natural自
然的；B. ridiculous可笑的；C. amazing了不起的；惊人的；D. disturbing令人不安的。根据后文“to look
for what may appear to be the most “practical”way out”并结合上文的可知，在高等教育上投入巨资的家长和学
生担心毕业生的就业前景，因此在这种情况下，自然就会寻找最实际的解决办法。故选A。
207. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对一些人来说，主修一门为你找到工作而设计的学科似乎是最显而易见的
答案，尽管这忽略了一个事实，即人文学科中许多被描述为“软”的学科，实际上往往能从长远来看能帮
助你找到工作并取得成功。A. skill技巧；本领；B. job工作；C. title标题；头衔；D. advantage优势。结合
上文“reduce wages and cut jobs”可知，学生找不到工作，工资低，那么主修一门为你找到工作而设计的学
科似乎就是最显而易见的解决办法。故选B。
208. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：对一些人来说，主修一门为你找到工作而设计的学科似乎是最显而易见的
答案，尽管这忽略了一个事实，即人文学科中许多被描述为“软”的学科，实际上往往能在长期内帮助你找到工作并取得成功。A. in the long run从长远来看；B. in the right position在适当的位置；C. in practical
terms在实践中；D. in great need急需。结合后文“for their 4th and 5th jobs”可知，学生还会有第四份，第五
份工作，因此推断人文学科实际上往往能在长期内帮助你找到工作并取得成功。故选A。
209. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，根据调查，雇主们更偏爱那些接受广泛教育的学生，这些教育让
他们能够很好地写作、批判性思考、创造性研究以及容易地沟通。A. hard-won难得的；来之不易的；B.
broadly-based 广泛的；C. science-oriented 采用科学成果的；D. well-chosen 竞选的。结合后文“that has
taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily”可知，这些教育面很广，
属于广泛教育。故选B。
210. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，学生不仅要为第一份工作做好准备，还要为第四份和第五份工作做
好准备，因为毫无疑问，今天进入职场的人将在他们的职业生涯中扮演许多不同的角色。A. Rather相当；
B. Still仍然；不过；C. Therefore因此；D. Moreover而且。后文是在前文的基础上进一步进行说明，用
moreover更合适。故选D。
211. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在新环境中表现最好的人，将是那些所受教育使其更加具有灵活性的人。
A. active积极的；B. precise精确的；C. flexible灵活的；D. critical批判的。结合上文“The ones who will do
the best in this new environment”可知，新环境中表现最好的人，应是所受教育使其更加具有灵活性的人。
故选C。
212. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：利用一切可用的工具和洞察力——从理科、文科和技术中获得灵感——来
解决未来的问题，并利用眼前的机遇，这对他们和美国都是有帮助的。A. pick up获得，捡起；B. referred
to查阅；C. put up张贴；D. passed on传递。结合后文“from science, arts and technology”可知，指的是从科
学、艺术和技术中获得灵感来解决问题。故选A。
213. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我必须研究政治和战争，因此我的儿子们能够学习数学和哲学。A. liberty
自由；B. qualification资格；条件；C. vision远见卓识；D. vigor智力。结合下文“My Sons ought to study
Mathematics and Philosophy, Geography, Architecture, Commerce and Agriculture, in order to give their Children
a right to study Painting, Poetry and Music”可知，儿子们学习了数学、哲学这些科学知识等，可以让他们的
孩子们学习绘画，诗歌等人文学科，因此推断亚当斯此处说的是他学习了政治和战争，儿子们就可以自由
的学习数学和哲学。故选A。
214. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：亚当斯真正想表达的是，一个国家必须有足够的财富、稳定和安全，才能
让大量公民从事比基本的生存斗争更广泛的追求。A. knowledge知识；B. insight洞察力；C. wealth财富；
D. commitment忠诚。结合下文的“stability and security”以及“the U.S. is a wealthy nation”可知，一个国家
必须有足够的富裕程度，稳定安全，公民们才能有更广泛的追求。故选C。215. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亚当斯真正想表达的是，一个国家必须有足够的财富、稳定和安全，才
能让大量公民从事比基本的生存斗争更广泛的追求。A. more logical更有逻辑的；B. less instrumental更少
有帮助的；C. broader更广泛的；D. easier更容易的。结合下文“We have the capacity to create and maintain
an educational system that trains students in science, math, history, art and other disciplines, at the very highest
level”可知，我们有能力创造和维持一个教育系统，以最高水平训练科学、数学、历史、艺术和其他学科的
学生。因此公民们可以进行更广泛的追求。故选C。
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216. B 217. D 218. C 219. A 220. D 221. C 222. B 223. A 224. B 225. D 226. C 227.
D 228. A 229. B 230. A 231. C 232. C 233. A 234. D 235. B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，告诉我们应该如何面对成长过程中友谊带来的挑战。
216. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，我们逐渐意识到，正是这些挑战塑造了我们，造就了我
们，友谊带来的挑战也是一样。A. seem to似乎；B. come to逐渐、终于做；C. hope to希望；D. try to努力
做。根据空前的“As we get older”可知，随着年龄的增长，我们逐渐意识到这些挑战对我们的意义，故B
项正确。
217. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. design设计；B. promote提升；C. direct指导；D. shape塑造。根据
空后的“make us who we are”可知，这些挑战塑造了我们，造就了我们，故D项正确。
218. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. confidence自信；B. pressure压力；C. friendship友谊；D. difficulty
困难。根据下文中的“In dealing with many challenges that friendship will bring to you”可知此处指“友谊”，
故C项正确。
219. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们面对挑战时，我们通常会做出两个选择：努力战胜它，或者认为提
出挑战的事情不值得去麻烦一通而放弃战胜它。A. choices选择；B. expectations期望；C. opportunities机会；
D. aspects方面。根据空后的“We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing 5 the challenge
isn’t worth the 6 and call it quits.”可知，我们可以努力战胜它，或者认为提出挑战的事情不值得去
麻烦一通而放弃战胜它，这是我们在面对挑战时会做出的两个选择，故A项正确。
220. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. demanding 要求；B. deserving 应得；C. predicting 预言；D.
presenting展现、提出。根据空后的“the challenge”可知此处指“提出挑战的事情”，故D项正确。
221. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. comment评论；B. loss损失；C. trouble麻烦；D. expense开支。根
据空后的“call it quits”可知，我们放弃战胜挑战，这说明我们认为提出挑战的事情不值得去麻烦一通，故
C项正确。
222. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有时放弃战胜挑战是正确的做法，但在大多数情况下，所需要的只是献身和沟通。A. means方法；B. times时光、时候；C. dates日期；D. ages年龄。根据空后的“when calling
it quits is the right thing to do”可知，有些时候放弃战胜挑战是正确的做法，故B项正确。
223. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. cases情况；B. fields领域；C. parts部分；D. occasions场合。空前
一句说有些时候放弃战胜挑战是正确的做法，此处与之对比，说的是大多数情况下的做法——所需要的只
是承担责任和沟通，故A项正确。
224. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. assessment 评估；B. commitment 承担责任、献身；C.
encouragement鼓励；D. adjustment调整。根据空后的“When we are committed to something”可知此处指
“承担责任”，故B项正确。
225. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们致力于某件事的时候，这意味着无论这件事有多痛苦或多不舒服，
我们都会选择去面对它并坚持到底，而不是逃避。A. doubtful怀疑的；B. shameful可耻的；C. harmful有害
的；D. painful痛苦的。根据空后的“uncomfortable”可知此处指“痛苦的”，故D项正确。
226. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. keep保持；B. control控制；C. face面对；D. catch抓住。根据空后
的“work through instead of running away from it”可知，我们会坚持到底而不是逃避，这说明我们会选择去
面对它，故C项正确。
227. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：沟通是为讨论留出空间，让你谈论你的感受，而不是仅仅说别人做错了什
么。A. chance可能性；B. plan计划；C. topic主题；D. space空间。根据空后的“talking about how you feel
instead of just saying what the other person did wrong.”可知，沟通能够让你谈论你的感受，而不是仅仅说别人
做错了什么，这说明沟通是为讨论留出空间，故D项正确。
228. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果你能对朋友说：“我的感情受到了伤害”，而不是“你伤害了我的感
情”，你就能更快地解决问题。A. If如果；B. As因为；C. While虽然；D. Unless除非。根据空后的“you
can say to a friend, “I got my feelings hurt.” 14 “You hurt my feelings,” you are going to be able to
solve the problem much faster.”可知，此处会提到一种条件，表示“如果”，故A项正确。
229. 考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. other than除了；B. rather than而不是；C. or rather不如说；D. or
else要不然。根据空前的““I got my feelings hurt.””及空后的““You hurt my feelings,””可知，此处指对朋
友说：“我的感情受到了伤害”而不是“你伤害了我的感情”，故B项正确。
230. 考查宾语从句。句意：在处理友谊给你带来的许多挑战时，努力看清它们的实质：它们是你人生道路
上需要跳过或克服的小难题。for后为宾语从句，从句中的are 缺少表语，应该用 what来引导，故A项正
确。
231. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. pass by经过；B. come across偶然遇到；C. get through熬过、通过；
D. run over碾过。根据上文中的“When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two 4 . We cantry to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing 5 the challenge isn’t worth the 6 and call it
quits.”可知，面对友谊带来的挑战时，我们的两个选择是努力战胜它或者放弃战胜它，空前的“jump”对应
“放弃战胜它”，此处对应“努力战胜它”，表示“熬过”，引申为“克服”，空后的“get over”也是提
示，故C项正确。
232. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有什么是不可能克服的，伤害只会让我们更强大。A. unnecessary不
必要的；B. necessary必要的；C. impossible不可能的；D. possible可能的。根据空后的“get over”可知，没
有什么是不可能克服的，故C项正确。
233. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. serves 服务；B. means 意味着；C. aims 瞄准；D. attempts 试图。
根据空后的“to make us stronger”可知，伤害只会有助于我们更强大，serves to do sth有助于做某事。故A
项正确。
234. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：挑战是成长过程中的一部分，每个人都会经历（它会发生在每一个人身
上），将来某一天，当你回顾它的时候，你会说：“虽然挑战很大，但它使我成为今天的我”。A. opens
打开；B. appeals吸引；C. goes去；D. happens发生。根据空前的“It is all part of growing up”可知，挑战是
成长过程中的一部分，因此它会发生在每一个人身上，故D项正确。
235. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. look down on看不起；B. look back on回顾；C. look forward to期待；
D. look up to尊敬。根据空后的“it made me who I am today. And that’s a good thing.”可知，这是回顾过去时
的感慨，故B项正确。
15
236. C 237. B 238. B 239. D 240. A 241. A 242. B 243. C 244. D 245. D 246. C 247.
B 248. C 249. A 250. D 251. A 252. B 253. D 254. A 255. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了非言语表达相对于言语表达的广泛运用性及其由于文化差异所造成
的表达差异。
236. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：语言研究历来重视口头语言和书面语言。但是最近他们开始考虑没有字的
语言，因为人们认为非言语行为是有意义的。A.hearing听觉；B.learning学习；C.words话、字；D.records
记录。由文章第一段“Language studies traditionally have paid much attention to verbal and written language.
But recently they have begun to consider language without___, for people regard nonverbal(非言语的)___as
having meaning.”可知语言研究向来重视口头语言和书面语言，由“But”转折可推知后面讲述的是人们开始
考虑口头和书面之外的语言；由下文“Nonverbal acts either accompany verbal messages”可知在讲述非言语
行为，这正是口头和书面之外的一种语言表达，即无字的语言，故选C项。
237. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：语言研究历来重视口头语言和书面语言。但是最近他们开始考虑没有字的语言，因为人们认为非言语行为是有意义的。A.skills技巧；B.behaviors行为；C.tests测验；D.measures措
施。由后文“Nonverbal acts either accompany verbal messages or are used___. They may support or even
contradict___messages. They are more likely to be used___because they are habitual and routine behaviors.”可知
本段后面内容都是讲述文字之外的语言，即非言语行为的特征，是对空处所在句子“for people regard
nonverbal(非言语的) ___as having meaning.”内容的延伸，故空处表达的是与 acts 同义的词，即 B 项
behaviors（行为），故选B项。
238. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：非言语行为要么伴随文字信息，要么被独立使用。A.partly部分地；
B.independently独立地；C.temporarily临时地；D.frankly坦率地。由either… or可知其前后两个内容是不相
关的，即二者择一的，由“accompany（伴随）”可知空处表达的是“独立的，故选B项。
239. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们可能支持甚至反驳口头信息。A.official 官方的；B.native天生的；
C.common普通的；D.spoken口头的。由下句“They are more likely to be used___because they are habitual
and routine behaviors.”可知它们是习惯性的和惯例的行为，即当人们听到外界口头说出与他们观点相符或者
相悖的话时，这时人们会下意识地用肢体动作或者其他非言语的行为来表达自己支持或者反对所听到的话；
故推知“They may support or even contradict___messages.”表达的是它们支持或者甚至反驳口头信息，故选
D项。
240. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：它们更有可能被无意识地使用，因为它们是习惯性的和惯例的行为。
A.unconsciously 无意识地；B.secretly 秘密地；C.uncommonly 不经常地；D.particularly 特别地。由
“because they are habitual and routine behaviors”可知它们是习惯性的和惯例的行为，即对外界某种刺激所作
出的下意识的习惯性的行为，即被无意识地使用，故选A项。
241. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一些交流中，人们的表达通过非言语多于言语。A.communication交流；
B.question问题；C.competition竞赛；D.description描述。由下句“If you ask an obviously depressed person,
”What’s wrong?”, and he answers, “Nothing. I’m fine, ”you probably won’t___him.”可知这是在讲述人与人之间
的交流，故“In some __ , people express more nonverbally than verbally.”表达的是在一些交流中，人们用非
言语多于言语来表达自己，引出下文对于具体交流的列举；故选A项。
242. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果你问一个明显情绪低落的人，“怎么了?”，他回答说，“没什么。
我很好，”你可能不会相信他。A.guess猜测；B.believe相信；C.know知道；D.help帮助。因为你在问一
个看上去明显情绪很低落的人怎么了，他如果回答没什么他很好，那你可能不会相信，因为他表面上看上
去根本不像没事的样子，如果真没事的话，怎么会情绪低落呢？故推知空处表达的是“相信”，故选B项。
243. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当一个生气的人说，“让我们忘记这个话题吧，我不想再谈论它了!”
事实上他没有停止交流。A.debate on争论……问题；B.regard to考虑；C.forget about忘记（一件事情）；D.deal with处理。可知一个很生气的人说他不想再谈论这件事了，是想双方忘记这个话题，不要再继续说
下去了，故选C项。
244. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个生气的人说，“让我们忘记这个话题吧，我不想再谈论它了!”事实
上他没有停止交流。A.started开始；B.continued继续；C.required要求；D.stopped停止。由下文“His
withdrawal and __continue to convey emotional meaning.”可知虽然他退出谈论但是却继续传达着他的情感，
这也是交流，是非言语的交流，没有语言就让别人知道他仍然还有某种情绪；故“actually he
hasn’t___communicating.”表达的是事实上他并未停止交流，虽然无言语，但是仍在传递他的情绪；故选D
项。
245. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的退出和沉默继续传达着情感意味。A.patience耐心；B.reflection反映；
C.attention注意；D.silence沉默。根据前文“Let’s___the subject. I don’t want to talk about it anymore!”可知这
个人不想再谈论这个话题了，既然不想再谈论了就表示他会保持沉默并退出；故选D项。
246. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项研究表明，93%的信息是通过语气和面部表情来交流的，而只有7%
的说话者的态度是通过言语传达的。A.body身体；B.impression印象；C.message信息；D.decision决定。
本句“One study showed that 93 percent of the ___was communicated by the tone of the ___ and facial
expressions,”提到了通过面部表情来交流，既然是交流，那必然是交流相互所表达的意思，即：相互之间信
息的交流，故选C项。
247. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项研究表明，93%的信息是通过语气和面部表情来交流的，而只有7%
的说话者的态度是通过言语传达的。A.life生命；B.voice声音；C.respect尊重；D.music音乐。the tone of
the voice是固定短语，表示“声音的语气；语调”，由“while only 7 percent of the speaker’s attitude was
conveyed by words”可知是传达说话者的态度，通常语气和面部表情是最能传达一个人态度的，故用 the
tone of the voice符合题意，故选B项。
248. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很明显我们表达自己的情绪和态度更多的是以非言语手段而不是言语手
段。A.appropriate合适的；B.desirable有魅力的；C.apparent明显的；D.vital必不可少的。由上文“One
study showed that 93 percent of the ___was communicated by the tone of the___and facial expressions, while only
7 percent of the speaker’s attitude was conveyed by words.”可知，只有7%的说话者的态度是通过言语来表达
的，93%是通过非言语来表达的，这个比例很明显，故空处表达的是“明显的”，故选C项。
249. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：非言语交流表达意义和感觉超越言语交流。A.meaning意义；B.purpose目
的；C.value 价值；D.truth 事实。由下句“Universal emotions, such as happiness, fear, and sadness, are
expressed in a___nonverbal way throughout the world”可知像幸福、恐惧和悲伤这类普遍的情绪在世界都是可
以用非言语方式表达出来，这个也是常识，比如伤心可用哭表达，高兴可通过笑来表达，简单而直接，有些情绪甚至无法通过言语来表达，或者言语表达不如非言语方式更形象、直观，因此非言语交流所表达的
意义和感觉有时候是超越言语的，故选A项。
250. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：普遍的情绪，如幸福、恐惧和悲伤，在世界各地都以类似的非语言方式
表达。A.positive积极的；B.practical实际的；C.different不同的；D.similar相似的。由下句“There are,
however, nonverbal differences across cultures that may be a source of___for foreigners.”可知提到跨文化的非言
语表达的差异，由“however”可知出现了转折，推知上句讲述的是相似的非言语表达，故选D项。
251. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，跨越文化的非言语的差异可能是外国人感到迷惑的根源。
A.confusion迷惑；B.inspiration鼓舞；C.suggestion建议；D.depression沮丧。由本段最后一句“It may be
acceptable in some countries for men to embrace each other and for women to hold hands; in other countries these
acts of___may be shocking.”可知在一些国家，男性拥抱彼此，女性手牵手可能是可以接受的；在其他国家，
这些行为可能令人震惊。这个就是文化差异所造成的同样的非言语表达所带来的不同意义，因此文化差异
所造成的非言语表达的差异，这个是很让国外不了解当地文化的人感到迷惑的，故选A项。
252. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，友谊的感情无处不在，但它们的表达方式各不相同。A.remain保持；
B.exist存在；C.return归还；D.flow流动。由本句“For example, feelings of friendship___everywhere but their
expression ___.”可知提到了友谊这种情感的表达，既然表达友谊的情感，那必然是存在友谊，故空处表达
的是“存在”，故选B项。
253. 考查动词词义辩词。句意：例如，友谊的感情无处不在，但它们的表达方式各不相同。A.disappears
消失；B.matches和……相配；C.delays推迟；D.varies不同；（随之）变化。由下句“It may be acceptable
in some countries for men to embrace each other and for women to hold hands; in other countries these acts of
__may be shocking.”可知在有些国家男性拥抱彼此，女性握手，这个其实都是表达友谊的方式，但是在有
的国家他们的这种行为可能会让人感到震惊，因为另外一些国家不通过这种方式来表达友谊，甚至禁止肢
体接触，因此友谊虽然无处不在，但是表达方式各不相同，故选D项。
254. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一些国家，男性拥抱彼此，女性手牵手可能是可以接受的；在其他国家，
这些情感行为可能令人震惊。A.affection情感；B.courage勇气；C.aggression敌对；D.modesty谦虚。这些
拥抱和握手都是人类对于友谊和友好的表达，这是一种情感行为，故选A项。
255. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了正确理解另一种文化的交际方式，有必要研究该文化的“无声语言”。
A.make制作；B.direct指导；C.interpret理解；D.establish建立。由上句“What is acceptable in one culture
may be completely unacceptable in another.”可知在一种文化中可以接受的东西可能在另一种文化中是完全不
可接受的，这种情况可能会造成不同文化交流之间的误解；由文章最后一句“it is necessary to study the
”silent language“ of that culture.” 可 知 提 到 学 习 “ 无 声 语 言 ” 很 有 必 要 ， 推 知 “ In order tocorrectly ___another culture’s style of communication,”讲述的是为了正确理解另一种文化的交际方式，既承
接了上句所说的在一种文化中可以接受的东西可能在另一种文化中是完全不可接受，表明了其实这就是不
同文化之间的交际没有被正确理解好，同时引出下句对于其解决办法的阐述，故选C项。
16
256. A 257. B 258. C 259. B 260. D 261. D 262. C 263. C 264. B 265. A 266. D 267.
D 268. C 269. D 270. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种由众多女性参加的圆月仪式，在仪式上许愿祈求健康，好运
和财富，作者号召人们以一种积极的心态看待这一圆月仪式。
256. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：《每日邮报》记者Samantha Brick最近在黑尔附近的一个场地里目睹了斯
通女士主持的圆月仪式。A. witnessed目睹；B. covered覆盖；C. attended参加；D. broadcast广播。根据
“Daily Mail reporter(每日邮报记者)”可知，记者是到达了现场，看到实况。故选A。
257. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有鼓声和吟诵，当每个女人都在白色或银色的蜡烛上写下自己对未来一个
月的希望和抱负时，是一片寂静。A. discussion讨论；B. silence沉默；C. dance舞蹈；D. ceremony仪式。
根据句意及仪式习俗可知，许愿时会保持安静以示庄重。故选B。
258. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被要求将自己生活中的所想形象化。A. convince说服；B. share分享；
C. visualize形象化；D. pray祈祷。根据下文 “We ‘see’ it coming true in our minds(我们看见愿望成真)”，可
知，see表示指将愿望形象化，与此处相呼应。故选C。
259. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个愿望被月亮和圆圈放大了能量。A. imagination想象力；B. intention意
图；C. impression印象；D. illustration插图。根据上文“her hopes and ambitions(她的愿望及梦想)”可知，这
是指每个人的意图愿望，故选B。
260. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯通说，在月亮上许愿帮助她搬进了她梦想中的房子，一套价值 1400万
的农舍，她和丈夫还有两个女儿一起住。A. country国家；B. holiday假期；C. family家庭；D. dream梦想。
根据上文“her hopes and ambitions(她的愿望及梦想)”可知，这里指梦想中的家园。故选D。
261. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当十几岁的斯通饱受焦虑之苦时，她最初被这种互补的治疗源所吸引。A.
researching 研究；B. studying 研究；C. disturbing 打扰；D. healing 疗愈。根据下文“suffering from
anxiety(患有焦虑症)”可知，这里因为患有焦虑，所以把这种圆月仪式当作是一种治愈的途径。故选D。
262. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：20多岁的时候，我第一次加入了几个当地的团体，每个月满月的时
候，女人们都会在那里碰面一次。A. call up打电话；B. build up建立；C. meet up见面；D. line up排队。
根据上文“She joined a group of females dressed in white as they stood in a circle holding hands.(她加入一个小
组，一群女人穿着白色衣服手拉手站成一圈)”可知，这里只是一群女性聚集到一起，站成一圈。故选C。263. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这似乎是一件自然而又神奇的事情。A. normal正常的；B. pleasant令人
愉快的；C. magical神奇的；D. attractive有吸引力的。根据上文“Ms. Stone said that wishing on the moon
helped her move into her ___5__ home, a £l.4 million farmhouse(在圆月仪式上许的愿帮我住进了梦想的大房
子)”可知，Stone相信是因为参加了圆月仪式，她才实现了愿望，这是一种很神奇的理想。故选C。
264. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：克莱尔开着一辆黑色奔驰GLE双门跑车，她早期的圆月经历给了她很大
的启发，她决定每月在她家外面举行自己的圆月仪式。A. obsessed 使着迷；B. inspired 受启发；C.
fascinated使着迷；D. affected影响。根据下文“she decided to hold her own monthly ceremonies outside her
home(她决定每月在她家外面举行自己的月圆仪式)”是因为收到了圆月仪式的启发，才有了自己创办圆月仪
式的想法，故选B。
265. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这取得了惊人的成功：在不同时期，有 3000多名女性参与其中。A.
astonishing惊人的；B. progressive进步得；C. immediate立即的；D. puzzling令人费解的。根据下文“at
various times more than 3,000 women have come along.(在不同时期，有3000多名女性参与其中)”可知，这一
活动影响了很多人，这是非常令人惊讶的，故选A。
266. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一活动每两个小时收费22英镑—在线上最多可接待100名女性，当面
最多可接待50名。A. appeal吸引；B. attempt尝试；C. call呼叫；D. cater招待。根据全文可知，圆月仪式
需要召集众多女性到一起分享并许愿，因此这里指招待，安排这些人参加活动。故选D。
267. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：据说出演《老友记》的詹妮弗安妮斯顿会出席这个活动，女性坐在那里分
享她们的经历和梦想。A. host主持；B. participate参加；C. favor主持；D. attend出席。根据上下文语境可
知，这里詹妮弗安妮斯顿不是主持方，而是过来出席由别人主办的圆月仪式。故选D。
268. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的身体70%是由水构成的，所以也难怪控制潮汐的月球也会以不同的
方式影响我们所有人。A. winds风；B. nights晚上；C. tides潮汐；D. temperatures温度。根据地理常识可
知，潮涨潮落是受到月球的影响，因此这里指潮汐。故选C。
269. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：兽医护士维多利亚忒斯特最后作报告总结，她将自己在脊柱手术后恢复健
康归功于月亮。A. celebrates庆祝；B. claims索赔；C. concerns担忧；D. credits归功于。根据全文可知，人
们参加圆月仪式，认为在仪式上许愿可以成真，因此认为愿望成真了，是因为圆月仪式，短语“credit for”
意为“将…归功于”，故选D。
270. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Twist也相信，由于参加了月圆仪式，她也能够实现她的梦想。A.
apart from除了；B. regardless of不管；C. thanks to由于；D. instead of而不是。根据全文可知，人们参加圆
月仪式，认为在仪式上许愿可以成真，因此认为愿望成真了，是因为圆月仪式，此处 thanks to 与上文
credit for相互呼应，表示因为圆月仪式，所以梦想成真。故选C。17
271. C 272. A 273. D 274. B 275. D 276. C 277. C 278. B 279. A 280. D 281. B 282.
A 283. C 284. A 285. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。根据全球创新研究公司Stylus的调查，全方位的食品创新已初见端倪。
271. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据全球创新研究公司Stylus的研究，所有这些事情都已初见端倪。
A.rise升起；B.contrary相反；C.horizon地平线；D.whole整体。根据后文可知，第一段句子 How about
tattooed(刺花的) fruit, ice cubes which send text messages, and wine from the bottom of the ocean?（ 带刺花的
水果、发短信的冰块和海底的葡萄酒怎么样？）中提到的食品创新已经开始。on the horizon“初见端
倪”符合题意。故选C项。
272. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们说水果上的标签和浪费的包装可以被可食用的刺花代替。A.replaced
代替；B.exchanged交换；C.covered覆盖；D.understood理解。根据“These would be 3 “directly
to the skin of the fruit without 4 damaging skin cells, “according to Stylus’s senior vice-president of
content, Tessa Mansfield.”可知，由于食品创新技术，标签和包装会被刺花“代替”。故选A项。
273. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：据Stylus负责内容的高级副总裁Tessa Mansfield称，这种技术将“直接应
用于水果的表皮，却不会真正损害表皮细胞”。A.connected连接；B.contributed贡献；C.imported进口；
D.applied应用。根据句意，刺花代替包装和标签，所以判断刺花技术直接“应用”于水果表面。故选D项。
274. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：据Stylus负责内容的高级副总裁Tessa Mansfield称，这种技术将“直接应
用于水果的表皮，却不会真正损害表皮细胞”。 A.heavily严重地；B.actually实际上；C.purposefully故意
的；D.weakly虚弱地。根据句意，刺花技术直接应用于水果表皮，由常理可以推测出实际上这种技术不会
破坏表皮细胞。故选B项。
275. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的厨房也在迅速变化，一些公司正在酝酿技术进步的菜单。A.
situations情况；B.groceries杂货铺；C.services服务；D.kitchens厨房。根据后一句话 6 , there’s a
smart knife which can 7 the freshness of food and any bacteria present as it is being used.可知，涉及厨
房用具的创新。故选D项。
276. 考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，有一种智能刀，在使用过程中可以分析出食物的新鲜度及任何细菌。
A.In short简言之；B.At first首先；C.For instance例如；D.After all毕竟。空格后列举了智能刀这个例子。
故选C项。
277. 考查动词词义辨析。例如，有一种智能刀，在使用过程中可以分析出食物的新鲜度及任何细菌。
A.enhance 增强；B.add 加；C.analyze 分析；D.locate 定位。根据“the freshness of food and any bacteria
present as it is being used.”可知智能刀“分析”出食品新鲜度和细菌合乎逻辑。故选C项。278. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们一直在开发监测我们消费的创新方法。A.search寻找；B.monitor监测；
C.elect 选择；D.limit 限制。根据前文句子 “All these things are on the 1 according to global
innovation research firm Stylus.”可知，Stylus是一家研究全球创新的公司，所以“跟踪调查”我们的消费最
为合理。故选B项。
279. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们一直在开发监测我们消费的创新方法。A. developed发展；B. tracked
跟踪；C. tempted诱惑；D. followed紧随其后。根据后文句子 Mandy Saven, Stylus’s head of food, beverage
and hospitality says new digital ice cubes send a text message to a friend if you drink too much alcohol.（Stylus的
食品、饮料和酒店主管Mandy Saven说，如果你饮酒过多，新的数字冰块会给朋友发送短信。）可
知，创新的方式不断“发展”。故选A项。
280. 考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：事实上，一些公司正在帮助消费者保持健康，做出环保的选择。 A.
comfortable 舒适的；B. smart 聪明的；C. holy 神圣的；D. healthy 健康的。空格内容与 make
environmentally-friendly choices（做出环保的选择）并列，可以推测出一些公司正在帮助消费者保持“健
康”。故选D项。
281. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：荷兰Bilder and De Clerca公司销售按配方组织的食品，这有助于顾客避免
因购买过多而造成浪费。A. consumption消费；B. waste浪费；C. cost成本；D. bargain讨价还价。前句提
到make environmentally-friendly choices（做出环保的选择），所以这里是避免“浪费”。故选B项。
282. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Tessa Mansfield说，这使得零售商不仅仅是一个食品供应商，它还成为
“购物者的某种食品顾问”。 A. consultant顾问；B. customer客户；C. designer设计师；D. guard卫士。
由上段中句子 Indeed, some companies are helping consumers stay 10 and make environmentally-
friendly choices.可知，零售商成为消费者的食品“顾问”。故选A项。
283. 考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：在你享用之前，这种葡萄酒被沉入海底，帮助它成熟。A. delicate精
致的；B. dizzy头晕的；C. mature成熟的；D. delicious美味的。根据句意可知，在饮用之前，这种葡萄酒
被放入海底，以帮助它“成熟”。故选C项。
284. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得所有这些创新都令人兴奋。A. innovations创新；B. goals目标；C.
behaviors行为；D. consumers顾客。文章的主旨就是未来食物的创新，而且文章也列举了很多方面的创新。
故选A项。
285. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：你愿意跨越食物的新领域吗？A. move about频繁换工作；B. step across跨
越；C. join in加入；D. get on上车。由前句I find all these innovations exciting.（我觉得所有这些创新
都令人兴奋）可知，作者乐于接受食物全方位的创新，询问读者是否也愿意“跨越”食物的新领域。故选
B项。18
286. B 287. A 288. D 289. B 290. C 291. D 292. A 293. C 294. D 295. B 296. B 297.
A 298. C 299. D 300. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何成为更好的自己。
286. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到达准备开始升级到您的 2.0的阶段并不容易。A. appealing吸引；B.
upgrading提高，升级；C. applying申请，应用；D. contributing捐献。根据句中“you 2.0”和下文“to kick-
start your personal growth.”可知，句中指让自己升级、成长，以达到更高层次并不容易。故选B项。
287. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题不在于忽略，而在于承认。A. admissions承认；B. corrections更正，
修正；C. adaptations适应，改编；D. conversions转化。根据not...but可知，与omission(忽略)相对应，应用
admissions(承认)。故选A项。
288. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：常常把工作与忙碌相混淆。A. connected 连接；B. charged 控告；C.
compared比较；D. confused混淆，弄错。根据下文“staying always busy but not admitting I was bored”和
“not stepping back to question what I wanted my life to be.”可知，作者工作忙忙碌碌，却认为理所当然，把
工作与忙碌混为一谈，分不清楚。故选D项。
289. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我迷失在工作中，没有后退一步去思考我想要的生活是什么。A.
interested感兴趣的；B. lost 迷失的；C. experienced 有经验的；D. involved 复杂的。根据上文“staying
always busy but not admitting I was bored”和下文“not stepping back to question what I wanted my life to be”可
知，作者迷失在工作中，没有思考自己想要的生活是什么。故选B项。
290. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦我开始我的生活，离开公司，成为一名企业家，调整我的生活，我又
开始成长了。A. appreciating欣赏；B. removing去除；C. restructuring调整；D. diversifying(使)多样化。根
据“quitting corporate, becoming an entrepreneur, ”可知，作者调整了自己的人生。故选C项。
291. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：抱怨生活中所有出错的事情只会浪费精力，而这些精力是为了让更多的事
情顺利进行。A. Taking down记下；B. Reflecting on反思；C. Keeping back隐瞒；D. Complaining about投诉，
抱怨。根据上文“A victim mentality (心态)”和句中“everything that has gone wrong in your life”可推知，将
自己置于受害者的心态，生活中就会因出错的事情而抱怨。故选D项。
292. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你想启动成长，你必须把挫折看成是有价值的，然后把它们放在它们
的位置上。A. setbacks挫折；B. achievements业绩；C. responsibilities责任；D. memories记忆。根据上文可
知，不能将自己置于受害者的心态，不能老是抱怨生活中出错的事情，要把挫折看作有价值的事情，放在
正确的位置。故选A项。
293. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去不应该主宰或定义你，只会给你加油。A. burden烦扰；B. dismiss开除；C. fuel提供燃料，推动，促进；D. guide带领。根据上文“having a purpose”可知，挫折是有价值的，
可以促进成长。故选C项。
294. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们总是高估冒险的后果，而低估维持现状的成本。A. underline强调；B.
neglect 忽略；C. suffer 受苦；D. overestimate 高估。根据“while”可知，前后句有对比关系，与
“discounting(不重视，低估)”相对应的是“overestimate(高估)”。故选D项。
295. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，冒险和尝试新事物的积极体验会减少恐惧，并带来更多明智的冒
险，进一步提高你的个人学习和成长。A. For example例如；B. In fact事实上；C. On the contrary相反；D.
In particular尤其。上文讲我们高估了冒险的后果，下文说冒险和尝试新事物的好处，下文是对上文的修正，
陈述事实，用in fact(事实上)。故选B项。
296. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，冒险和尝试新事物的积极体验会减少恐惧，并带来更多明智的
冒险，进一步提高你的个人学习和成长。A. decisive果断的；B. smart明智的；C. unknown未知的；D.
indefinite无限期的。根据下文“further enhancing your personal learning and growth”可知，这些冒险是明智
的。故选B项。
297. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我很想现在就去，但实际上说。A. practically实际地；B. technically技术
上；C. frankly坦率地；D. generally普遍地。根据转折连词but可知，实际说的和之前打算的不一样，
practically(实际地)符合语境。故选A项。
298. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是阻碍你成长的借口。A. putting up 举起；B. cutting off 切断；C.
holding back阻碍；D. melting away消失。根据上文“Feasibility is poison”可知，feasibility会阻碍成长。故
选C项。
299. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：是时候抛开别人的意见了。A. unfold展开；B. evaluate评价；C. consult咨
询；D. unplug拔掉，抛开。根据下文“Grow where you want to grow. Learn what you want to learn.”可知，本
段讲不要在乎别人的意见。故选D项。
300. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你只是想成为更好的自己。A. part部分；B. expert专家；C. version版本；
D. pretender伪装者。结合第一段“you’re ready to start 1 to you 2.0”和下文“Of your genuine self.”
可知，这些建议能让你成为另一个版本的自己，一个更好的自己。故选C项。
19
301. B 302. D 303. D 304. C 305. A 306. C 307. A 308. C 309. A 310. D 311. B 312.
A 313. D 314. C 315. B
【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了尽管人们知道垃圾食品的危害，但仍大量食用高热量垃圾食品这一现象，
分析了原因并阐明了危害。301. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医学专家指出，尽管从长远来看，吃太多不健康食品的危害可能和吸烟
一样大，但不知为何，社会比以往任何时候都更能接受定期食用高热量食品。A. worthwhile值得做的；B.
acceptable 可接受的；C. relevant 相关的；D. responsible 负责的。根据上文“although eating too much
unhealthy food is likely to be as dangerous in the long term as smoking”中连词although(虽然)可知，下文语意与
上文有转折对比关系，尽管人们知道不健康食品的危害，但仍接受、认可高热量食品。故选B项。
302. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然一些当地城镇和城市政府已经采取措施，通过限制同时开放的快餐店
数量来应对这一上升的趋势，但有批评者认为,对他们吃的东西和他们选择的生活方式，人们有权自己做决
定。A. declaring宣布；B. estimating评估；C. increasing增加；D. limiting限制。根据“fight the rise in this
trend”可知，政府要控制这种上升的趋势，所以通过 limit(限制)同时开放的快餐店的数量是种一种办法。故
选D项。
303. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们吃很多外卖并不仅仅是像体重增加，或者买更大的衣服之类
的个人问题。A. alternative选择性的；B. meaningless无意义的；C. collective 集体的；D. personal个人的。
文中所例举的“weight gain, or of buying larger clothes”都是个人的问题。故选D项。
304. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：群体暴饮暴食的后果应该使每个人都感到恐惧。A. boredom无聊；B.
relief解脱；C. fear害怕；D. satisfaction满足。根据下文可知，过度食用高热量食品，暴饮暴食会给我们身
体带来巨大的危害，所以群体暴饮暴食的后果应该让人害怕，给人警醒。故选C项。
305. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，人们不受控制地暴饮暴食是有进化原因的——这只是我们天生
行为的一部分。A. compulsively难控制地；B. reluctantly不情愿地；C. defensively防御地；D. objectively客
观地。根据上文可知，尽管人们知道不健康食品的危害，但比以往任何时候都更能接受常常食用高热量食
品，说明暴饮暴食是非理性，难以控制的行为。故选A项。
306. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在人类进化的时候，我们并没有像今天一样足够的食物去享用，所以吃更
多的是为了生存而不是快乐。A. appetite胃口；B. evolution进化；C. survival生存；D. fighting战斗。根据
常识和“we did not have the adequate supply of food that we enjoy today”可知，在进化过程中，吃更多的东西
是为了生存。故选C项。
307. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当营养供应不足时，我们更有可能选择高热量、高脂肪的食物，这些食物
可以支撑我们度过寒冷的冬天。A. sustain支撑；B. please使……高兴；C. guide带领；D. supply提供。结
合常识可知，高热量、高脂肪的食物更能帮助我们抵御寒冷，支撑我们度过寒冷的冬天。故选A项。
308. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就解释了为什么一个600卡路里的汉堡看起来如此吸引人：它让我们
感到饱腹和满足。A. tremendous巨大的；B. surprising令人吃惊的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. expensive
昂贵的。根据下文“it makes us feel well fed and inspires contentment.”可知，高热量汉堡带来饱腹和满足感，所以是充满吸引力的食物。故选C项。
309. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：加工过的食品会激发我们大脑的奖赏反应，所以，即使不一定是健康的方
式，我们会觉得有必要多吃。A. stimulates激发；B. guarantees保证；C. produces生产；D. illustrates阐明。
上文说，在进化过程中，人们发现吃得多，吃高热量食物意味着生存机会更大，下文“so we feel obliged to
overeat, and not necessarily in a healthy way.”可知，面对加工食品时，即使知道是不健康的方式，但我们还
是觉得应该吃更多，说明大脑中的奖赏机制被激发，我们不自觉得就想吃更多。且下文的“Junk food acts
as a trigger”也是提示。故选A项。
310. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，高糖和高钠(快餐中盐和其他成分中的一种化学物质)会导致血糖大
幅上升，将其推至不正常的水平。A. Predictably可预言地；B. Therefore因此；C. Comparatively相对地；
D. Meanwhile同时。上文“Junk food acts as a trigger (触发器) for chemicals such as the ‘feel good’ dopamine to
flood through the brain and cause a sensation of happiness. ”提到垃圾食品让人产生幸福感，但同时，垃圾食品
中的高糖和高钠也会导致血糖大幅上升。故选D项。
311. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那时开始，常规地处理如此高的钠含量是不可能的。A. inevitable不
可避免的；B. impossible不可能的；C. significant重要的；D. powerful强大的。根据下文“The kidneys (肾
脏) cannot remove all the extra salt from the blood, and thus extra sodium causes the heart to pump faster while
transporting blood through the veins (血管).”可知身体器官已经无法处理如此高的钠含量，甚至引起心脏跳动
更快。故选B项。
312. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：身体的器官被推得超过了它们的自然能力。A. natural自然的；B.
superior高级的；C. minimum最小的；D. learned有学问的。根据下文“The kidneys (肾脏) cannot remove all
the extra salt from the blood, and thus extra sodium causes the heart to pump faster while transporting blood
through the veins (血管). ”可知，身体器官已经超出了它们的自然承受能力，无法发挥作用。故选A项。
313. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：摄入如此大量的钠会导致脱水，其症状与饥饿极为相似，这导致了一
个痛苦的事实：你刚吃完垃圾食品，就会马上开始渴望再吃一顿。A. turned up出现；B. passed down传下
来；C. looked over检查；D. taken in吸入，摄入。根据上文可知，垃圾食品中含有高糖和高钠，所以吃垃
圾食品的同时就会吸收，摄入大量的钠。故选D项。
314. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：摄入如此大量的钠会导致脱水，其症状与饥饿极为相似，这导致了一个痛
苦的事实：你刚吃完垃圾食品，就会马上开始渴望再吃一顿。A. offer提供；B. prepare准备；C. desire想
要；D. share分享。根据“a condition whose symptoms are extremely similar to hunger”可知，垃圾食品中的钠
会让人产生饥饿感，吃了还想吃。故选C项。
315. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常，这需要4到12个小时，但对于脂肪含量高得多的快餐，同样的过程至少要持续3天。A. symptom症状；B. process过程；C. damage损坏；D. hunger饥饿。根据but可知，
句中在对比消化普通食物的过程和消化快餐的过程的时间。且上文的“From there, routinely processing such
high levels of sodium is 1 1 . ”也是提示。故选B项。
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316. B 317. D 318. D 319. C 320. D 321. B 322. D 323. A 324. B 325. D 326. A 327.
D 328. B 329. C 330. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了像迁移学习这样的小数据方法比数据密集型“大数据”更有优势，
但它还需要得到认可，才会有更多的资源来支持它的广泛使用。
316. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于图网的发展，图像分类在 21世纪10年代取得了巨大的进步。图网是
一个包含了数以百万计的图像的数据集，其中的图像被手工分类成了数千个类别。A. standard标准；B.
classification分类；C. quality品质；D. acquisition习得。根据下文“thanks to the development of ImageNet, a
data set containing millions of images hand sorted into thousands of categories.”可知，图网是一个对图像进行分
类的数据集，所以图网的发展推动了图像分类的巨大进步。故选B项。
317. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近，一种语言模型GPT-3，通过对大量线上文本的训练，于2021年1
月生成了类似人类的文本。A. written书面的；B. limited有限的；C. spoken口头的；D. abundant大量的。
根据下文“So it is not surprising to see AI being tightly connected with ‘big data’”中“So”可知，由上文的例子
得出人工智能与“大数据”联系紧密这一结果，反之，上文事例中的语言模型GPT-3利用了“大数据”，
即大量的线上文本。故选D项。
318. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，在普遍的想象中，人工智能与“大数据”联系紧密，这并不奇怪。
A. moral道德的；B. visual视觉的；C. literary文学的；D. popular普遍的，受欢迎的。结合第一段“Many
people relate ‘artificial intelligence’ with ‘big data.’”和上文两个具体事例可知，人工智能与“大数据”联系紧
密是普遍的认识，是普遍的想象。故选D项。
319. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但人工智能不仅仅与大数据有关，过去十年中，对“小数据”方法的研
究得到了广泛发展。所谓的迁移学习就是一个特别有前景的例子。A. complicated复杂的；B. interesting有
趣的；C. promising 有希望的，有前途的；D. distinguished 卓越的。根据第三段中“They can promote
progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural hazards that occur relatively 10
.”可知，迁移学习是有前途的。故选C项。
320. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：迁移学习，也即“微调”，可以在当你感兴趣的事项上数据很少，而相
似问题上有丰富的数据时发挥作用。A. extra 额外的；B. different不同的；C. available可用的；D. few很少。
根据句中“but”可知，前后文有对比关系，“abundant data on a related problem”与“few data on the task ofinterest”形成对比。故选D项。
321. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先你用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，然后对于你相关的特定的问题，
用较小的数据集稍微地进行再训练。A. personal 个人的；B. specific 特定的；C. technical 技术的；D.
potential潜在的。根据下文事例中“English-language speech model”和“German-language speech recognition”
可知，先用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，再针对特定的问题用较小的数据集进行再训练。故选B项。
322. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，一个研究德语语音识别的团队表明，他们可以通过在更大的数据集
上训练英语语音模型来改善他们的结果。A. in addition另外；B. or rather更精确地说；C. in particular尤其；
D. for example例如。上文提出先用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，然后对于你相关的特定的问题，用较小
的数据集稍微地进行再训练，本句用“德语语音识别”项目进行举例说明。故选D项。
323. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们使用迁移学习来调整该模型，以适应更小的德语音频数据集。
A. adjust调整；B. invent发明；C. follow跟随；D. check检查。上文提出先用大数据集对一个模型进行训练，
然后对于你相关的特定的问题，用较小的数据集稍微地进行再训练，结合句中“starting with”和下文“that
model for a smaller data set of German-language audio.”可推知，在用较小的数据集进行再训练时，需要调整
模型。故选A项。
324. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像迁移学习这样的小数据方法比数据密集型方法更有优势。A. definite
确定的；B. advantageous有利的；C. complex复杂的；D. precise精确的。根据下文“They can promote
progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural hazards”可知，像迁移学习这样的小
数据方法可以在很少或没有数据的领域取得进展，更有优势。故选B项。
325. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：它们可以促进在很少或没有数据的领域取得进展，例如在预测发生相对较
少的自然灾害方面。A. remotely偏僻地；B. severely严重地；C. ultimately最终；D. rarely很少。根据上文
“where little or no data exist”可知，这里说的是发生相对较少的自然灾害，所有很少或没有数据。故选D
项。
326. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这种背景下，小数据方法将变得越来越重要，因为越来越多的组织希
望使AI应用领域多样化，并投资于以前未开发的领域。A. underexplored未充分开发的；B. underestimated
被低估的；C. underpopulated人口稀少的；D. underqualified学历不足的。 根据“diversify AI application
areas”可知，更多的机构希望使AI应用的领域多样化，会投资于以前未开发的领域。故选A项。
327. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管迁移学习的研究取得了进展，但它的关注度相对较低。A. guidance指
导；B. respect尊敬；C. supervision监督；D. visibility关注度。根据下文“the existence of techniques such as
transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers in positions of
making important decisions”可知，迁移学习并未引起重视和关注。故选D项。328. 考查名词词义辨析。句意： 虽然目前许多机器学习专家可能对它很熟悉，但迁移学习等技术的存在
似乎还没有达到决策者更广泛的意识空间，他们能就人工智能的资金和采用做出重要决定。A. publication
出版；B. adoption 采用；C. tracking 追踪；D. polishing 抛光。根据“policymakers in positions of making
important decisions”可知，决策者可以决定对一项技术的资金支持和技术的采用。故选B项。
329. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：只要像迁移学习这样的小数据技术的成功得到认可，就可以分配资源来支
持它们的广泛使用。A. celebrated庆祝；B. evaluated评估；C. recognized认识；D. diversified使……多样化。
根据上文“the existence of techniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of
the broader space of policymakers”和下文“resources can be allocated to support their widespread use”可推知，
像迁移学习这样的小数据技术并未引起重视和关注，所有只有得到认可，才能获得更多的资源来支持它们
的广泛使用。故选C项。
330. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这种情况下，我们可以帮助纠正关于数据在人工智能中作用的普遍误解，
并在新的方向上促进创新。A. challenge挑战；B. concern担心；C. fear害怕；D. misunderstanding误解。根
据第一段中“Many people relate ‘artificial intelligence’ with ‘big data.’”和“But AI is not only about large data
sets, and research in ‘small data’ approaches has grown extensively over the past decade.”可知，人们对数据在人
工智能中的作用有普遍误解。故选D项。
21
331. B 332. A 333. B 334. A 335. C 336. A 337. A 338. B 339. D 340. A 341. C 342.
D 343. D 344. A 345. B 346. D 347. B 348. C 349. C 350. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了西蒙斯患有先天性缺指畸形，只有四根手指，他却顽强地敌克服了身
体障碍，学会了弹钢琴，他的事迹鼓舞了全世界的人。
331. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他看别人演奏时，他对钢琴给他们带来的快乐感到惊讶。A. frightened
使害怕；B. amazed使惊奇；C. interested使感兴趣；D. disturbed打扰。空前一句说在很小的时候，西蒙斯
就爱上了钢琴，因此当他看别人演奏时，他对钢琴给他们带来的快乐感到惊讶，故B项正确。
332. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他也想体验一下那种感觉，但他知道这对他来说是个挑战。A. challenge
挑战；B. opportunity机会；C. fortune运气；D. trouble麻烦。根据下文中的“I knew most people had 10
fingers while I had four”可知，西蒙斯只有四根手指，因此学习钢琴对他来说是一个巨大的挑战，故A项正
确。
333. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：十岁的时候我就决定要学习弹钢琴，但是我需要下更大的功夫去学习。A.
while而；B. but但是；C. and并且；D. therefore因此。“十岁时就决定学习钢琴”和“下更大的功夫去学
习”之间是转折关系，故B项正确。334. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. more更多的；B. much多的；C. fewer更少的；D. less更少的。
根据空后的“work for me to learn”可知，此处指“下更大的功夫学习钢琴”，空前的 a little bit修饰形容词
比较级，故A项正确。
335. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道大多数人有十根手指，而我只有四根，但我很确信我能做到（学
会弹钢琴）。A. surprised惊讶的；B. worried担心的；C. sure确信的；D. glad高兴的。空前一句说西蒙斯
只有四根手指，转折连词“but”表明他确信自己能够学会弹钢琴，故C项正确。
336. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位来自俄亥俄州沃伦市的少年生来就患有缺指畸形。A. condition情况、
条件；B. environment环境；C. situation形势；D. tendency倾向。根据空后的“ectrodactyly”可知，可知，
先天性缺指畸形是一种遗传疾病，genetic condition表示“遗传条件、基因状况”，故A项正确。
337. 考查数词词义辨析。句意：他右手有三根手指，左手有一根手指。A. one一个；B. two两个；C. three
三个；D. five五个。根据上文中的“I knew most people had 10 fingers while I had four”可知，西蒙斯只有四
根手指，因此他右手有三根，左手有一根，故A项正确。
338. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这并没有阻止西蒙斯追随自己的激情。A. encourage鼓励；B. prevent阻
止；C. remove移除；D. change改变。根据空前表示转折的“But”及空后的“Simmons from following his
9 .”可知，尽管只有四根手指，但这并没有阻止西蒙斯追随自己的激情，故B项正确。
339. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. actions行动；B. roads道路；C. instructions指令；D. passions激情。
根据空后的“With no formal training, Simmons taught himself by ear how to play the piano.”可知，没有受过正
式的训练，西蒙斯就靠听觉自学弹钢琴，这说明他的这种身体条件并没有阻止他追随自己的激情——学习
钢琴，故D项正确。
340. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一遍遍地练习，找到了一种用四根手指触键的方法，同时用假肢控制踏
板。A. reach达到、伸出手；B. repair修理；C. remove移除；D. clean打扫。根据空后的“the keys with four
fingers”可知，西蒙斯设法用四根手指触键，故A项正确。
341. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：西蒙斯知道他必须形成自己的演奏风格。A. adopt采取；B. abandon遗弃；
C. develop发展、形成；D. change改变。根据空后的“his own style of playing.”可知，西蒙斯知道他必须形
成（发展）自己的演奏风格，故C项正确。
342. 考查固定搭配。句意：我不能把它建立在一个有十根手指的人的技术上（用正常人的演奏方式弹钢
琴）。base sth on 表示“把某事（物）建立在……基础之上”，故D项正确。
343. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这根本行不通。A. support支持；B. run经营、运转；C. operate操作；D.
work起作用。空前一句西蒙斯说不能把自己的演奏风格建立在一个有十根手指的人的技术上（用正常人的
演奏方式弹钢琴），此处解释原因——因为这根本行不通，故D项正确。344. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：这就是我很难上钢琴课的原因。A. why为什么、……的原因；B. because
因为；C. when当……的时候；D. whether是否。根据空后的“it was hard for me to take piano lessons”可知，
这就是我很难上钢琴课的原因，故A项正确。
345. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于一个已经学会用十根手指弹钢琴的人来说，仅仅用四根手指来调整
和教我是非常困难的。A. easy容易的；B. tough困难的；C. funny有趣的；D. stupid愚蠢的。根据空后的
“somebody who has learned how to play with 10 fingers to adjust and teach me with only four”可知，西蒙斯说
对于一个已经学会用十根手指弹钢琴的人来说，仅仅用四根手指来调整和教他是非常困难的，故B项正确。
346. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：西蒙斯的母亲塔玛拉对他的成就并不感到惊讶。A. ideas 主意；B.
creations 创造；C. difficulties 困难；D. achievements 成就。根据空前的“The now 18-year-old not only
learned how to play and read music but also began composing.”可知，现在18岁的西蒙斯不仅学会了如何演奏
和识谱，还开始作曲，这是他所取得的成就，故D项正确。
347. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她知道他是多么的专注和决心是多么的大。A. kind 善良的；B.
determined有决心的；C. talented有才能的；D. generous大方的。根据空前的“focused”及上文西蒙斯学习
钢琴的经历可知此处指“有决心的”，故B项正确。
348. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从掌握音乐到战胜身体上的挑战，西蒙斯开始鼓舞全世界。A. spiritual
心灵的；B. mental精神上的；C. physical身体上的；D. emotional情绪的。根据上文内容可知，西蒙斯患有
先天性缺指畸形，对学习钢琴来说，这是身体上的挑战，故C项正确。
349. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. please使高兴；B. persuade说服；C. inspire鼓舞；D. cheer欢呼。
根据上文内容可知，西蒙斯患有先天性缺指畸形，却顽强地克服了身体障碍，学会了弹钢琴，他的事迹鼓
舞了全世界的人，故C项正确。
350. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我喜欢成为别人的动力，”他说，“如果我在一群人面前表演，我看到
一个人在微笑，那就说明我做得很好”。A. partner伙伴；B. symbol象征；C. aim目标；D. motivation激励、
动力。空后一句西蒙斯说，“如果我在一群人面前表演，我看到一个人在微笑，那就说明我做得很好”，
这说明他想成为鼓舞别人的动力，故D项正确。
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351. B 352. A 353. C 354. C 355. A 356. D 357. B 358. A 359. D 360. B 361. C 362.
D 363. C 364. B 365. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项针对各国政府对住房市场监管和影响的研究及该研究的几大优势。
351. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：自第一次世界大战以来，在大多数国家，政府都积极干预房地产市场，试
图纠正现有的或想象中的市场失灵。A. slightly轻微地；B. actively积极地；C. legally合法地；D. definitely肯定地。根据空后“trying to correct existing or imagined market failures”可知，大多数国家试图纠正现有的
或想象中的市场失灵，这说明他们积极地干预房地产市场，故选B。
352. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，现在在许多国家可以看到租金管制的复兴。A. observable看得到
的；B. capable有能力的；C. approachable可接近的；D. adaptable能适应的。根据空前的“By the early
2010s, such regulations were abandoned by most countries .”可知，到21世纪10年代初，大多数国家都放弃了
租金管制，结合表示转折关系的However及下文举的法国的巴黎和里昂、美国的加州以及德国的柏林的例
子可知，现在在许多国家可以看到租金管制的复兴，故选A。
353. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，巴黎和里昂（法国）分别于2019年7月和2020年3月对租金设定
进行了限制。A. immediately立即；B. fortunately幸运地；C. respectively分别地、各自地；D. originally最
初地。空前提到了巴黎和里昂两个城市，因此此处是这两个城市分别于2019年7月和2020年3月对租金
设定进行了限制，故选C。
354. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：柏林（德国）从2020年2月起将租金冻结5年。A. intended打算；B.
pushed推动；C. frozen结冰、冻结；D. arranged安排。根据上文可知此处是举例说明一些国家对住房市场
进行租金管制，而冻结住房租金是其中的一种方式，下文的“rent freezes”也是提示，故选C。
355. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在大多数国家于2020年3月实施了诸如封锁等卫生限制措施之后，由
此造成的收入损失导致了全球范围内的驱逐禁令和冻结租金浪潮。A. resulting因而发生的、作为结果的；
B. leading领导的、主要的；C. tempting吸引人的；D. boiling沸腾的。根据常识，疫情之下的封锁等卫生
限制措施会导致人们收入的损失，故选A。
356. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，楼市调控发挥重要作用，不仅是历史事实，更是现实。A. global
全球的；B. occasional偶然的；C. regular有规律的；D. historical历史的。此处与空后的“present”（现在
的）相对，即：历史上的，故选D。
357. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管政府使用各种胡萝卜和大棒的组合来实现他们的目标，但在这里我们
只关注大棒政策。具体来说，我们研究了三个限制性住房市场法规：（a）租金控制；（b）保护租户免受
驱逐；（c）住房配给。A. Literally逐字地；B. Specifically明确地、具体地；C. Apparently显然地；D.
Seriously严重地。下文列举的三个限制性住房市场法规是对大棒政策的具体说明，故选B。
358. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. rationing定量配给；B. estate房地产；C. distribution分配；D.
adaptation适应。house rationing住房配给，专业术语，是政府监管房地产市场的一种手段，最后一段中的
“housing rationing”也是提示，故选A。
359. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些政策无处不在并经常大规模使用，不仅会影响住房市场的各个方面，
而且会影响整个经济，影响房价和租金、租房和买房的选择、住宅建设、财富积累和分配以及住宅流动性。A. country国家；B. world世界；C. humanity人文；D. economy经济。空后一句说这些政策还会影响房价和
租金、租房和买房的选择、住宅建设、财富积累和分配以及住宅流动性，这说明这些政策对整个经济都有
影响，故选D。
360. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：间接地，它们会导致价格泡沫的形成和失业的持续。A. lack缺乏；B.
persistence 持续、持久性；C. improvement 改进；D. independence 独立。根据空前的“buildup of price
bubbles”（价格泡沫的形成）可知此处与之并列，说的是不好的影响，即：失业的持续，故选B。
361. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过建立量化此类政府干预的严重程度的指数，可以促进对其影响的评估。
因此，本研究的目的是建立一个多国家、多时期的房屋租赁市场法规数据库。A. tendencies趋势；B.
techniques技巧；C. regulations条例、监管；D. factors因素。根据下文中的“governmental regulations”可知，
此处指的是政府对住房市场的监管，故选C。
362. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一，它涵盖了很长的一段时间，鉴于政府监管对市场的长期影响，这一
点非常重要，特别是在交易非常耐用商品的住房市场。A. enjoys享受；B. lasts持续；C. survives幸存；D.
covers涉及、包括。根据空后的“a very long period of time,which is important given long-lasting effects of
governmental regulations upon markets”可知，该研究涵盖了很长的一段时间，鉴于政府监管对市场的长期影
响，故选D。
363. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. precious珍贵的；B. fancy精致的；C. durable持久的；D. reliable
可靠的。根据空前的“housing markets”及常识可知，住房属于耐用商品，故选C。
364. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其次，它使用了来自所有有人居住的大陆的广泛的面板，不仅利用了各
种各样的社会经济和文化条件，而且还利用了历史路径。A. developed发达的；B. inhabited有人居住的；
C. spacious广阔的；D. independent独立的。根据常识，对住房市场研究的数据自然是来自于有人居住的大
陆上的国家，故选B。
365. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第三，它包含了一个衡量住房配给强度的新指标，这是一种迄今为止在
文献中一直被忽视的调控形式。A. novel新奇的、新颖的；B. labor-saving节省劳力的；C. equal平等的；
D. stylish时髦的。空后一句说这是一种迄今为止在文献中一直被忽视的调控形式，这说明这项指标第一次
被运用，是新颖的，故选A。
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366. B 367. B 368. C 369. B 370. D 371. A 372. A 373. B 374. A 375. A 376. B 377.
A 378. A 379. B 380. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微软公司创始人比尔·盖茨在最近的一次采访中建议应该对机
器人征税，以帮助人类保住工作，这引起了广泛讨论，科技界有许多人担心自动化及其对工人的威胁。366. 考查名词词义辨析。句意： 科技界有许多人担心自动化及其对工人的威胁，盖茨只是其中之一。A.
sanitation环境卫生；B. automation自动化；C. meditation沉思；D. dedication献身。根据上文“when he
suggested that robots should be taxed in order to help humans keep their jobs. ”可知，盖茨建议对机器人征税是
为了保住大家的工作，所以科技界同样有很多人持同样观点，即担心机器自动化（automation）对工人的
威胁。故选B项。
367. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很容易看出科技界为什么会担心。A. furious狂怒地的；B. worried担心
的；C. intolerant无法忍受的；D. thrilling可怕的。根据上文“ Gates is only one of many people in the tech
world who have worried about ”可知，这里是指科技界的担忧（worried）。故选B项。
368. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：机器学习的兴起增加了人们的担忧，即许多人可能会变得落伍——例如，
350万美国卡车司机可能很快就会发现他们的工作受到无人驾驶卡车的威胁。A. few几乎没有；B. several
一些，几个；C. many许多的；D. any任何的。根据下文“ 3.5 million American truck drivers might soon find
their jobs threatened by driverless trucks. ”可知，这里是指很多（many）人可能都会变得落伍。故选C项。
369. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：机器学习的兴起增加了人们的担忧，即许多人可能会变得落伍——例如，
350万美国卡车司机可能很快就会发现他们的工作受到无人驾驶卡车的威胁。A. in other words换句话说；
B. for example例如；C. of course当然；D. by contrast相比之下。根据上文“humans could simply become
out of date”和下文“3.5 million American truck drivers might soon find their jobs threatened by driverless trucks”
可知，下文是对上文的举例，空处表示“例如（for example）”。故选B项。
370. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管在过去，技术通常是工人的补充，而不是取代他们，没有自然法则说
未来的技术会起同样的作用。A. in case of以防；B. because of因为；C. in face of面对；D. instead of代替。
根据上文“Though in the past, technology usually complemented workers”可知，技术通常是工人的补充，而
不是（ instead of）取代他们，前后为转折关系。故选D项。
371. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些经济学家甚至声称，廉价的自动化已经将收入从工人转移到了公司所
有者身上。A. distracted转移，使分散；B. perceived感知，认为；C. prompted提示，引起；D. swallowed
吞。根据上文“cheap automation”以及下文“ from workers to company owners”可知，便宜的劳动力可以降
低工人的收入，因此也就可以讲收入从工人转移（distracted）带公司老板身上。故选A项。
372. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个恐慌是，即使人类大众最终找到了通过补充新技术来增加价值的新
方法——正如经济学家埃里克•布林约夫松(Erik Brynjofsson)所说的“与机器赛跑”——这种转变可能需要
很长时间，并伤害很多人。A. panic恐慌；B. empathy共鸣；C. adjustment调整；D. vision视野。根据上文
“A few economists even claim that cheap automation has already 6 income from workers to company
owners.”可知，这里实在谈另一个廉价自动化给人们到来的恐慌（panic）。故选A项。373. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最近，我们看到了对全球化影响的缓慢而痛苦的调整。A. possibly可能地；
B. recently最近地；C. primarily首要地；D. normally正常地。根据下文“we’ve seen very slow and painful
adjustment to the impact of globalization.”可知，空处应填recently，完成时的标志，同时根据句意可知，这
是近来（recently）观察到的结果。故选B项。
374. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果机器学习革命在最终帮助工人之前对他们造成了 40年的伤害，那么
放慢这场革命的速度，给它们时间调整或许是值得的。A. slow down减缓；B. bring up提出，养育；C.
burn out烧尽；D. light up点亮。根据下文“and give them time to adjust.”可知，给它们时间去调整也就是要
放慢（slow down）这场革命的速度。故选A项。
375. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：反对机器人征税的主要论点是，这可能会阻碍现代主义。A. modernism现
代主义；B. succession 继承；C. evacuation 撤离，疏散；D. innovation 创新。根据下文“Taxing new
technology, however it’s done, could make that slowdown worse.”可知，对新技术征税，不管它是怎么做的，
都可能使经济放缓变得更糟，也就是说惠阻碍现代主义（modernism）发展进程。故选A项。
376. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：生产率停滞不前，加上商业投资下降，表明目前新技术的采用速度太慢，
而不是太快----目前最大的问题不是机器人太多，而是太少。A. persuasion说服；B. adoption采用，领养；
C. interruption打断；D. elimination消除，淘汰。根据下文“of new technology is currently too slow rather
than too fast”可知，这里是指对新技术的运用或采用（adoption）。故选B项。
377. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：盖茨的基本建议的问题在于，很难区分补充人类的新技术和取代人类的新
技术之间的区别。A. proposal提出，提议；B. moral道德标准；C. gratitude感激；D. misfortune不幸。根据
下文“it’s very hard to tell the difference between new technology that complement humans and new technology
that replaces them. ”可知，这里是一个盖茨提出（proposal）的问题。故选A项。
378. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，通过学习操作织布机，人们最终提高了生产率。A. However然而；
B. Therefore因此；C. Consequently结果；D. Furthermore而且。根据上句“This is especially true over the
long term. Power looms（织布机）replaced human weavers back in the Industrial Revolution. ”可知，这里是指
虽然在工业革命时期，电动织机取代了人工织布，但提高了生产率，所以是转折关系，应用 However表示。
故选A项。
379. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：这是反对自动化征税的有力论据。A. from从；B. against反对；C. by通过；
D. besides 除外。根据上文“ If taxes had slowed the development of power looms, the eventual (最终的)
improvements would have come later.”可知，如果税收减缓了电力织机的发展，最终生产率的改善将会来得
更晚，这个例子是反对（against）自动化征税的有利论证。故选B项。
380. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但考虑到持续创新的重要性，我们应该考虑替代政策。A. random任意的；B. stimulating使人兴奋的；C. persistent坚持不懈的；D. alternative替代的。根据上文“But given the
importance of sustaining innovation”可知，考虑到持续创新的重要性，作者是不赞成盖茨的提议，所以希望
寻求可替代的（alternative）政策。故选D项。
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381. A 382. C 383. B 384. D 385. C 386. A 387. B 388. D 389. A 390. B 391. C 392.
D 393. D 394. C 395. A 396. B 397. A 398. B 399. D 400. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了热爱跑步的拉泽在做了六次心脏手术之后仍然坚持跑步的故事。
381. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：拉泽热爱跑步，尽管他可能会经历一系列致命的心脏问题，他总是用新的
终点线来激励自己的康复（通过一次次的跑步来帮助自己康复）。A. recovery恢复；B. champion冠军；C.
competition竞争；D. growing成长。根据空后的“By 2008, Lazer had undergone six heart 2 ,”可知，
到2008年，拉泽已经接受了六次心脏手术，因此他希望通过一次次的跑步来帮助自己康复，故A项正确。
382. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：到2008年，拉泽已经接受了六次心脏手术，做完最后一次手术，他的身
体极度虚弱。A. hurts疼痛；B. broken破碎；C. surgeries手术；D. rehabilitation复原。根据上文中的“he
experiences a series of potentially fatal heart problems”可知，拉泽可能会经历一系列致命的心脏问题，这说明
拉泽做过多次心脏手术，故C项正确。
383. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. devastated毁坏；B. debilitated使虚弱；C. strove斗争；D. hesitated
犹豫。空前一句说到2008年，拉泽已经接受了六次心脏手术，做了那么多次手术，他的身体一定极度虚弱，
故B项正确。
384. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让自己感觉更有力气，他决定改变饮食，在朋友的建议下，他开始
多喝营养丰富的果汁。A. brighter聪明的；B. higher高的； C. happier快乐的；D. stronger有力气的、强
壮的。空前一句说六次心脏手术使拉泽的身体极度虚弱，因此他想让自己觉得更有力气，故D项正确。
385. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. pick up捡起；B. add up合计；C. switch up转换、改变；D. turn up
出现。根据空后的“at the suggestion of a friend, started drinking more nutrient-packed juices.”可知，在朋友的
建议下，他开始多喝营养丰富的果汁，这说明他决定改办自己的饮食，故C项正确。
386. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，他感觉好多了，可以系上（穿上）运动鞋，再次上路了。A.
Eventually最后、终于；B. Normally正常地；C. Quickly很快；D. Strangely奇怪地。空前一句说在朋友的
建议下，拉泽改变饮食，开始多喝营养丰富的果汁，经过一段时间的调整，最后他感觉好多了，故 A项正
确。
387. 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. put up张贴；B. lace up用带子束紧；C. take on承担；D. control
with控制。空前一句说最后拉泽感觉好多了，再结合空后的“his sneakers”可知，他可以系上（穿上）运动鞋（跑步）了，故B项正确。
388. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. master大师；B. disease疾病；C. competitor 对手；D. road路。根
据上文中的“Lazer loves running”可知，拉泽热爱跑步，因此此处指“穿上运动鞋上路（跑步）”，故 D
项正确。
389. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：出院后，我的目标是不妥协。A. getting out of摆脱、从……中出来；B.
returning to 回到；C. running out of 用完；D. dropping out 退学。根据上文中的“By 2008, Lazer had
undergone six heart 2 ,”可知，到2008年，拉泽已经先后六次住院做心脏手术，因此此处指“出
院”，故A项正确。
390. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. achieve达到；B. compromise妥协；C. change改变；D. promote提
升。空后一句说拉泽想过他想要的生活，这说明他拒绝妥协，故B项正确。
391. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想过我想要的生活，那意味着继续跑步，并保持最好的状态。A. train
训练；B. find发现；C. continue继续；D. start开始。根据文章第一句可知拉泽一直热爱跑步，空前一句又
说他想过他想要的生活，这说明他要继续跑步，故C项正确。
392. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉泽说：“我不想久坐在沙发上按遥控器（看电视）”。A. switch转换；
B. play玩耍；C. fiddle摆弄；D. press按。根据空后的“the remote”可知，拉泽说他不想久坐在沙发上按遥
控器（看电视），故D项正确。
393. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：所以，就在2008年第六次手术几个月后，他又回到了拉斯维加斯26.2英
里长跑比赛的起跑线上。A. Besides况且；B. However然而；C. But但是；D. So所以。空前一句说对拉泽
来说，这意味着跑步是他生活中的一个重要部分，所以在第六次手术几个月后他就又回到了赛场上，故 D
项正确。
394. 考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A. from从；B. at在；C. on在……上；D. about关于。根据空后的
“the starting line of the Las Vegas 26.2”可知，第六次手术几个月后，拉泽又回到了拉斯维加斯26.2英里长
跑比赛的起跑线上，on the starting line表示“在起跑线上”，故C项正确。
395. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：去年11月，他连续第十八次跨过终点线。A. consecutive连贯的、连续
不断的；B. successful成功的；C. ordinary普通的；D. special特别的。根据上文内容可知，拉泽热爱跑步，
第六次手术几个月后就回到了赛场上，此后他会一直参加长跑比赛，因此此处指“连续第十八次跨过终点
线”，旨在突出他一直参加长跑比赛，故A项正确。
396. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉泽认为跑步是他活得比医生预测的时间要长得多的主要原因之一。A.
doubts怀疑；B. credits赞颂、归功于；C. hopes希望；D. ponders衡量。根据空后的“running as one of the
main reasons he’s lived well beyond that one-year prognosis”可知，拉泽把自己能够活得比医生预测的时间要长得多归功于跑步，故B项正确。
397. 考查副词/代词词义辨析。句意：我相信我开始跑步的时候就知道，如果我不这样做，我就不会活得
太久。A. somehow以某种方式、由于某种原因；B. anyone任何人；C. somebody某人；D. anyhow无论如
何。根据空后的“knowing that if I didn’t, I wouldn’t be living too ___18___,”可知，我开始跑步的时候就知道，
如果不跑步，我就不会活得太久，此处表示“以跑步这种方式、由于跑步这个原因”，故A项正确
398. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. late晚的；B. long久的；C. painful痛苦的；D. relaxed放松的。
根据上文中的“Lazer 16 running as one of the main reasons he’s lived well beyond that one-year
prognosis he got back in 2004.”可知，拉泽把自己能够活得比医生预测的时间要长得多归功于跑步，因此此
处指“如果不跑步，他就不会活得太久”，故B项正确。
399. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：跑步是我生命的一部分，我正在努力做到最好。A. thinking思考；B.
struggling艰难地行进；C. braving勇敢面对；D. striving努力、力求。空前一句说跑步是我生命的一部分，
因此我正在努力做到最好，故D项正确。
400. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它是我的精神支柱。A. drug药物；B. life生活；C. anchor精神支柱；D.
entire全部。空前一句拉泽说跑步是他生命中非常重要的一部分，如果他受伤或者跑不动的话，他的生活
就不能正常，这说明跑步时他的精神支柱，故C项正确。
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401. D 402. A 403. C 404. B 405. D 406. C 407. A 408. D 409. A 410. B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。谈论了南非宪法法院所面临的威胁，并说明保护它是至关重要的。
401. 考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：法官应该“富有创造性和独立性”，确保任何人都不受种族隔离的影
响，无论其种族、权力或财富如何，都不能凌驾于法律之上。A. in addition to除……之外；B. in contrast to
相比之下；C. thanks to幸亏，多亏；D. far from远离，远非，远远没有。根据后文“no person was above
the law, regardless of their race, power or wealth”可知，此处指远离种族隔离。故选D项。
402. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：宪法法院为那些被冷血国家政府剥夺了权利的公民辩护，例如命令Thabo
Mbeki政府为艾滋病毒感染者提供抗逆转录病毒药物。A. failed辜负，放弃；B. granted授予，同意，允许；
C. resisted抵制；D. convinced确信。根据后文“for instance by ordering the government of Thabo Mbeki to
provide anti-retroviral drugs to people with HIV”可知，一些冷血的国家没有充分给予某些公民应有的权利。
故选A项。
403. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，法院正面临着严重的威胁。A. Thus因此；B. Furthermore此外；C.
Yet然而；D. Since后来。上一段中“By and large, the judges have done their job.”等内容说明了法院起了一
定的积极作用，后文“the courts are facing serious threats”和前文存在转折关系。故选C项。404. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些相信曼德拉制定的宪法原则的人，包括总统Cyril Ramaphosa，并没
有尽力保护他的遗产。A. scientific科学的；B. constitutional宪法的；C. theoretical理论的；D. universal普
遍的。根据前文“When Nelson Mandela opened South Africa’s Constitutional Court in 1995, he said it would
determine ‘the future of our democracy’.”可知，此处指曼德拉制定的宪法原则。故选B项。
405. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一边是对法治的猛烈攻击，另一边是捍卫无力，南非民主前景堪忧。A.
opposite对立面，对立的人或物；B. option选项；C. distinction差别，区别，对比；D. mix混合。根据后文
“endless fierce attack and cowardly indecisive defence”可知，此处两者相结合将给南非民主带来灾难。故选
D项。
406. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这反映了政府其他部门未能履行其职责。A. range范围；B. share股份；
C. failure 失败；D. currency 货币。根据前文“Critics accuse judges of overstepping their boundaries and
usurping (篡夺) legislation. It is true that the judicial branch has become involved in political disputes.”可知，这
反映出政府其他部门在履行职责上是失败的。故选C项。
407. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：执政的非洲人国民大会(ANC)的政客们越滥用特权，他们在改善南非普通
民众生活方面的失败就越悲惨，就有越多的非政府组织和反对党要求法庭追究他们的责任。A. account解
释，说明；B. strike打击；C. restore恢复；D. complain抱怨。根据常识和前文“The more politicians from
the ruling African National Congress (ANC) have abused their privileges, and the more miserable their failure to
improve the life of ordinary South Africans”可知，由于政客们的滥用职权，民众生活得不到改善，有些组织
和反对党要求法庭追究他们的责任。动词短语hold sb to account意为“追究某人的责任”。故选A项。
408. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如一位退休的法官Dikgang Moseneke所说的，“法官不寻找案件；案
件需要的是法官。”A. says说；B. remarks评论；C. declares宣布；D. puts说，表达。as … put it意为“正
如……所言”是固定句式，符合句意。故选D项。
409. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，保护宪法法院作为民主的最后一道防线至关重要。A. therefore因此；
B. though尽管；C. likewise同样地；D. ultimately最终。根据后文“vital to protect the Constitutional Court as
the last line of defence for democracy”可知，本句和前文存在因果关系，宪法法院存在威胁，因此，保护它
是至关重要的。故选A项。
410. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：曼德拉曾警告南非“不仅要警惕对宪法原则的种族间的攻击，还要警惕
隐秘的腐蚀”。A. violent暴力的；B. racial种族的，种族间的；C. direct直接的；D. personal个人的，私人
的。根据前文“Populist politicians who hate the rule of law want to see pliant (容易摆布的) judges appointed
who will bend to their will.”可知，法院面临着的威胁之一是对宪法原则的种族间的攻击。故选B项。
