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【高频考点解密】2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练（全国通
用）
01.名词
核心考点1 名词的数
1．可数名词的数（不规则变化）
（1）单、复数同形。如：means，aircraft，deer，fish，Chinese，Japanese，sheep。
（2）合成名词的复数。如：boyfriend→boyfriends，go-between→go-betweens（中间人），grown-
up→grown-ups，passer- by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on, woman doctor→women doctors。
（3）只有复数形式的名词。此类名词往往以复数形式出现，表示“衣服”、“工具”等的总称，不
能用具体的数字修饰，也不能加不定冠词a／an，但可以用a pair of／two pairs of，many等修饰。
如：clothes， tights， jeans， pajamas， pants， shorts， socks， stockings， trousers， glasses，
chopsticks， compasses， pincers，scissors， scales等；
另外一类总是以复数形式出现，但不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能用 a／an，a pair of等修饰，只能用
many， a great many， a lot of 等修饰。如：belongings， congratulations， contents， earnings，
fireworks， goods， leavings， pains， spirits， savings， stairs，surroundings， wages，arms等。
（4）集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people，cattle，police；有些名词只用作单
数，如：machinery，furniture，
mankind，jewellery；有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体，复数看作集体的各个成员。
如：The crew is large.船员人数很多（指整体）。The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了（指个体）。
名词的数及词性变化可以在语法填空中进行考查。
【考例1】（2022年全国甲卷） Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote
environmental ______ (protect). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】protection
【详解】考查名词。句意：Cao和Wu还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和前文promote
environmental可知，此处应用其名词形式protection，作动词宾语，此处protection为不可数名词。故填protection。
【考例2】Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique
biodiversity.________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)
【答案】Activities
【详解】考查名词。句意：1980年被正式承认的科莫多国家公园因其独特的生物多样性而受到生态旅游的
欢迎。从观鲸到徒步旅行，那里有各种各样的活动。分析句子结构可知，设空处位于句首，在句中作主语，
根据谓语动词range可知，设空处应填给定的可数名词activity的复数形式。故填Activities。
【考例3】The________(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists
to explore the outer space.
【答案】possibility
【详解】考查名词。句意：宇宙中其他行星上存在生命的可能性一直激励着科学家探索外层空间。该空作
句子主语，用名词，that there is life on other planets in the universe是同位语从句，特指“这个可能”，用名
词单数，故填possibility。
【考例4】Historical ____ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
【答案】accuracy
【详解】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，
应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
【考例5】The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ________ (transform).
【答案】transformation
【详解】考查名词。句意：许多国家的卫生安全体系正在经历重大变革。作宾语，表示“变革”应用名词
transformation，不可数。故填transformation。
【考例6】Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
【答案】curiosity
【详解】考查名词。句意：这位艺术家充满了好奇心，收拾行囊离开了。作宾语，应用名词curiosity，表
抽象概念，不可数。故填curiosity。
【考例7】I’m not Chinese, but I love Chinese New Year. There are many fun New Year ________(celebrate), but
nothing quite matches the excitement of the lion dance which can wake up the spirit completely.
【答案】celebrations
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：我不是中国人，但我喜欢中国人的新年。有很多有趣的新年庆典，但没有什么能完全匹配舞狮的兴奋，它可以完全振奋精神。空处是there be句型的主语，应用名词形式，
celebration庆典，庆祝活动，是可数名词，由many可知，此处应用复数形式。故填celebrations。
【考例8】Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home
for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ________
（marry）ceremony in 1842.
【答案】marriage
【详解】考查名词。句意：这座被精美地修复到它1860年外貌的房子亚伯拉罕和玛丽·林肯生活了17年的
家。1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在
1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词their可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后
的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage
ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
【考例9】Nowadays, the___________（prior）for travelling is shifted（转换）from shopping to food and
scenery.
【答案】priority
【详解】考查名词。句意：如今，旅游的重点从购物转向了食品和风景。分析可知，空处为名词做主语，
priority表示“优先考虑的事物”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填priority。
【考例10】（2021全国甲卷） Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and
________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people.
【答案】watchtowers
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和瞭望台停下来拍照，
或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different(不同的)可知，此处应用可数名
词watchtower的复数形式和gates并列作介词at的宾语。故填watchtowers。
【考例11】The far side of the moon is of particular________(interesting) to scientists.
【答案】interest
【详解】考查名词。句意：科学家们对月球的背面特别感兴趣。“be of＋n.”结构相当于形容词，故应用
interesting的名词interest (不可数) 作介词宾语。故填interest。
【考例12】By about 6000 BC, people had discovered the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they
learned to work with the _________ (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual
floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
【答案】seasons【详解】考查名词的数。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们发现了最好的作物和饲养的动物。后来，他们
学会了与季节相适应，在合适的时间种植，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水灌溉他们的田地。根据常识和语
境可知，人们开始按照季节更替来种植庄稼，season为可数名词，此处应用其复数形式。故填seasons。
【考例13】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10
minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ______ (cause).
【答案】causes
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病
和早亡。分析句子可知，形容词all修饰可数名词复数。故填causes。
【考例14】My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a __________(science) who studies animals such as apes and
monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【详解】考查名词。句意：我叫Mireya Mayor，我是一名研究像猿类和猴子这类动物的科学家。分析句子
可知，句子“who studies animals such as apes and monkeys”在句中作定语，是定语从句，修饰空格处的名词，
根据定语从句句意推知，空格处需填表示职业的名词，science作为名词，表示“科学”的意思，需转换为
名词scientist，表示“科学家”的意思，由空格前的不定冠词a可知，名词scientist需用单数形式。故填
scientist。
【考例15】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese________(dish) is seen
as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【详解】考查名词单复数。句意：我认识的人中好像很少有人喜欢或是有时间做饭。制作中式菜肴尤其被
认为麻烦。dish是可数名词，其前无单数限定词，故用其复数形式dishes。故填dishes。
核心考点2 名词的功能及词义辨析
名词的功能
（1）可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语Mary is to meet you at the airport.
（2）作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名
词。
①分类意义
air pollution空气污染；coffee cup咖啡杯；body language身体语言；road accident交通事故；
②时间、地点、称呼等
Doctor Jack杰克医生；Professor Li李教授；evening school夜校；winter sleep冬眠③表目的、来源、材料、所属意义
reception desk接待台；sports field田径场；stone table石桌；color TV彩电
（3）作状语
名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。The war lasted eight years.
（4）作同位语
Tom,our monitor, left school last year.
名词的词义辨析
主要考察单词基本义的引申和拓展、易错的名词固定搭配以及对同义词、近义词的考查等，是高考中
名词考点的重要部分。要解决名词词义辨析，需注意平时积累。
词义辨析通常以单选题形式出现
【考例16】He is never satisfied with what he has got. The grass is always greener on the other side of the ____.
A．road B．fence C．wall D．garden
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对自己所拥有的东西从不满意。这山望着那山高。A. road路；B.
fence篱笆，围墙；C. wall墙；D. garden花园。The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.是谚
语，意为“这山望着那山高”。故选B。
【考例17】—Americans spend more on health care than most other people .
— You’re right . But a new study shows that life in the United States is falling .
A．development B．position C．experience D．expectancy
【答案】D
【详解】试题分析：句意：--美国人花费在医疗保健的费用比其他的人要多得多。--你是对的。但是新的研
究表明人的平均寿命在下降。development 发展； position位置； experience经历；life expectancy平均寿
命。根据句意故选D。
考点：考查名词辨析。
点评：本题难度适中。名词辨析是近几年高考的热点，本题是对已学知识点的回顾，需要考生能够理解该
题的语言环境，牢记它们的用法及意义。
即学即练： is the father of wisdom.
A. Development B. Position C. Experience D. Expectancy
解析：C。句意: 经验是智慧之父。
【考例18】She has lost only nine games in five matches on the way to the semifinals. Always the perfectionist,
she sees room for .A．achievement B．improvement
C．entertainment D．Amusement
【答案】B
【详解】试题分析：考查名词。句意：她的九场比赛中只有五场是输在了半决赛中的。作为一个完美主义
者，她总是在提高自己。A.achievement成就；B. Improvement提高；C. Entertainment娱乐；D. Amusement
乐趣；根据词义，可知她是要提高，故选B项。
考点：考查名词
【考例19】【2018·天津】The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired
scientists to explore the outer space.
A．advice B．order
C．possibility D．invitation
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们
去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。
点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语
从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判
断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。
【考例20】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways.
A．statement B．impact
C．impression D．judgment
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了影
响。A. statement陈述说明；B. impact影响，效果；C. impression印象；D. judgment判断。故选B符合语境。
【考例21】The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A．reservation B．transformation C．distinction D．submission
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；B.
transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可
知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
【考例22】Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.
A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B.
advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health
have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。
【考例23】Nowadays the ________ of travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A．autonomy B．barrier C．prospect D．priority
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今旅游的重点从购物转移到食物和风景。A. autonomy自治；B.
barrier障碍；C. prospect前景；D. priority重点。根据空后shifted from shopping to food and scenery及常识可
知，在旅游中，食物和风景已成为人们优先考虑的事情，此处指旅游重点的转变。故选D项。
核心考点3 名词与主谓一致
高考主谓一致的知识结构
一致原则 考点详解 例句
His father is working on the farm.
To study English well is not easy.
1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短
语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语 What he said is very important for us all.
动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，
The children were in the classroom two
谓语动词用复数形式。
hours ago.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
语法一致
Lucy and Lily are twins.
2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起 She and I are classmates.
来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓 The boy and the girl were surprised when
语动词。 they heard the news.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟 Mr. Green ， together with his wife and
有 with，together with，except，but， children，has come to China.
like，as well as，rather than，more than，
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
no less than， besides，including等引起
playground.
的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主
语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall.
4. either，neither，each，every 或no +单 Each of us has a new book.
数名词和由some，any，no，every构成
Everything around us is matter.
的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working
5. 在定语从句中，关系代词that，who， hard.
which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与
He is the only one of my friends who is
句中先行词的数一致。
working hard.
Class Four is on the third floor.
6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的
Class Four are unable to agree upon a
谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成
monitor.
员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词
有 family, class, crowd, committee, 注：people，police，cattle等名词一般都
population, audience等。 用作复数。如：The police are looking for
the lost child.
7. 由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the There are a lot of people in the classroom.
rest of，the majority of +名词”构成的短 The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的
50% of the students in our class are girls.
短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短
语中后面名词的数而定。 注：a number of 与the number of的区别
There comes the bus.
8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后
On the wall are many pictures.
的主语一致。
Such is the result. Such are the facts.1. what， who， which， any， more， Which is your bag？Which are your bags？
all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主 All is going well. All have gone to
要靠意思来决定。 Beijing.
2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等
的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常 Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在 Ten miles is too long.
逻辑一致 概念上是一个整体。
3. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、
“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting
报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词
story-book.
通常用单数形式。
4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复
数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数 One and a half apples is left on the table.
形式。5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作 Twelve plus eight is twenty.
单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。 Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：
mathematics ， politics ， physics 以 及
The paper works was built in 1990.
news， works等，都属于形式上是复数
I think physics isn‘t easy to study.
的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作
主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，
jeans 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如 My glasses are broken.
果这些名词前有a（the） pair of等量词 The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
逻辑一致
修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
8. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示
The old are taken good care of.
某一类人时，动词用复数。
A large quantity of people is needed here.
9. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数
注意：quantities一般用复数。
名词, 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.
10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰 A large amount of (A great deal of) damage
不可数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词通常用 was done in a very short time.
单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, Large amounts of money were spent on the
作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。 bridge.
1. 当两个主语由either … or， neither …
Either the teacher or the students are our
nor，whether … or …，not only …but
friends.
also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一
Neither they nor he is wholly right.
致。
就近一致
2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其 There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两 Here引导的句子用法同上。
个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一 如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.
致。
一、语法一致
就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
【考例24】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 6 4 (be) more effective
at lengthening life 6 5 (than) walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述
的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，表示单数概念。故填is。
【考例25】 He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friendswith him.
A. has；anyone likes B. have；does anyone like
C. has；no one likes D. have；anyone likes
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数 men，因此定语从句的谓语动词应用
have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数，one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词，因此第一
个空用have；后半句译为＂那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因＂，hardly表示＂几乎不＂，根据句
意，后面应是肯定句，故排除C项；hardly作为否定副词放在句首时，句子才使用倒装语序，因此排除B
项。故选D项。
二、逻辑一致
谓语动词的数须与主语的意义一致(因有时主语的形式是单数，但意义却为复数;有时主语形式为复数，而
意义却为单数)。
【考例26】—________ one and a half months enough for the project to be finished?
—I am afraid not. The professor is ill and only after he recovers ________ go on with it.
A．Is; he can B．Are; he can
C．Is; can he D．Are; can he
【答案】C
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：——一个半月足够完成这件工程吗？——恐怕不行，教授生病了，只有当
他恢复他才能继续这件事。第一空，将one and a half months 看成一个名词主语，强调这个时间内，故谓
语用单数。第二个空考查 only+after从句，主句用部分倒装，故选C项。
【考例27】—The talent show Youth with You ________becoming hotter and hotter online.
—Exactly. Half of our class ________interested in it.
A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is
【答案】C
【详解】考查主谓一致和动词的时态。句意：——才艺秀《青春有你》在网上越来越火了。——确实。我
们班上一半的人对它感兴趣。根据对话可知，讲述现在的事实用一般现在时态。空一主语是The talent
show，是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数is；half +of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名
词保持数的一致。“our class”指的是我们班上的人，是复数概念，此处谓语动词用复数形式are。故选C。
三、就近一致
在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
【考例 28】The father as well as his three children ___________ skating on the frozen river every
Sunday afternoon in winter.
A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在冬天的每个星期天下午，这位父亲和他的三个孩子都去结冰的河
面上滑冰。当 as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与as well as前面的名词或代词
保持一致，即为就远原则。本题的谓语动词应与The father保持一致，用单数形式；由时间状语 everySunday afternoon可知，本句应用一般现在时。故选C项。
【考例29】The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8，450 a
year, which ________ a burden for some of them.
A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：那所大学估计，对国际学生来说，一年的生活开销大约是8450美元，这对
他们中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是living expenses，是复数，因此谓语动词用复数；第二空
的主语是which，指代的是前面整个句子，因此谓语动词用单数。
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1. It was hard to follow what the teacher was saying, and eventually I lost ________ (concentrate).
2. Yes, he owes me a good many ______ (apologize) but I don’t care.
3. The drivers should raise ________ (aware) of safety, especially on highways.
4. The scenery was beautiful beyond________ (describe).
5. There may be a link (联系) between madness and ________ (creative).
6. Exam ________ (anxious) is serious among students in middle school.
7. Lacking sleep caused him poor memory and poor________ (concentrate).
8. Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful________ (surround).
9. These methods can help increase students’ ________ (motivate) and interest.
10. We are taking steps to prevent air from ________ (pollute).
11. Although human ________(evolve) has sped up in the past 10,000 years, the earth is still at its young age.
12. If the teacher is too strict, it may limit their ________(creative) and imagination.
13. He is calm in the face of challenges and ________(press).
14. Oxford has a lot to offer visitors in the way of good __________ (entertain).
15. It was the fortieth anniversary of the death of that __________ (compose).
16. Your __________ (qualification) are the official documents or titles you have that show your level of education
and training.
17. He began to comfort me with such usual __________ (gentle).
18. As you know, in the US, __________ (distant) is measured in miles.
19. Therefore, let’s take the_________ (responsible) to build up a lowcarbon city by riding bicycles.
20. Shenzhen, which used to be a small fishing village, has now changed beyond ________ ( recognize ).
21. It is important that people should raise their ________(aware) of protecting wild animals.
22. With the performance just around corner, some students are filled with ________ (curious)
23. “My ___________ (assist), Hahim, will demonstrate the machine in action for you,” said Kalan to the crowd.
24. I went to the shop and bought some _________ (decorate) to decorate our house.
25. _________ (congratulate)! We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking.26. These days, there is a growing _________ (tend) for people to shop online, and most people more or less have
the experience of shopping online.
27. In the next three or four days, five ____________ (witness) to the terrible accident will be called to testify（作
证）.
28. He worked as a volunteer teacher in the mountainous area after his ________ (graduate).
29. What made her succeed later on was the kindness and_________(consider) she showed to all her patients.
30. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of the new vocabulary, and also the names of
many__________(locate) across the UK.
31. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by__________(evident) of four different groups
of people who took over at different times throughout history.
32. Obviously, John has great ________ (admire) for the responsible leader, who has made the company more
________ (power).
33. I have arranged ________ Tom to pick up the expert at the airport and the journalists have made ________
(arrangement)for an interview with him. (用适当的词填空)
34. Actually, the expert ____________(amaze) that the volunteers had made good ________ (arrange) for the
movement.
35. Children often feel a lot of _________(anxious) about their first day at school.
36. It is said that the _________(design) of the necklace is a woman artist.
37. According to the survey, three in ten drivers have experienced an accident for lack of ________ (concentrate)
while driving.
38. She desperately wanted to win her father’s _______________ (approve).
39. At the meeting, he referred to the importance of developing students’ _________(create).
40. If you want to be a volunteer for the sports event, you should write an _________(apply).
41. A collection of archaeological evidence has confirmed the ________(exist) of rhinos in ancient China.
42. The boom in the sport’s ________(popular) has meant more calls for stricter safety regulations.
43. The Chinese online literature industry has received increasing ________(recognize) from home and abroad.
44. Traditional bookstores are fighting against their online ________ (compete) to survive.
45. Some artists only got the public’s ________ (recognize) after death.
46. Lack of exercise and poor diet can cause________(anxious).
47. Hearing the news, he couldn’t hold back his ________(angry).
48. This annual movement is called __________ (migrate).
49. The solution to the __________ (mysterious ) of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in
serious trouble.
50. Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends, the meaning of friendship and our __________
(long) for friends remain the same.
二、语法填空
1
阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或填入括号内单词的正确形式。I felt butterflies in my stomach when I started calligraphy class ten years ago. I wondered what I was doing
there. At that moment, I couldn't have known that I'd just made one of the best ___51___(choose) of my life.
I sat down and listened to the teacher introducing the tools of the craft. Then ___52___ was the first time for
me that I had tried my hand. I took up the brush, using the correct gesture, ___53___(dip) it in the ink, and
carefully wrote "one" ___54___ Chinese.
Over ___55___ past five years, I have learned to make versions of well-known poems. Calligraphy seemed
like a bridge, ___56___ connected me to authors from centuries past. Stroke(笔画) by stroke, word by word, I
could feel their emotions, cherished my own peace and learned ___57___ (appreciate) my daily life.
Now, calligraphy is not just a hobby, ___58___a way to remove myself from the worries of life. Rolling out
the paper, I can write for a whole day. Calligraphy ___59___ (able) me to balance my busy schedule and live
____60____ (peace).
2
Red envelopes have played __61__ important part in Chinese New Year for as long as anyone can remember.
So what’s the story behind the red envelopes during Chinese New Year?
One popular story __62__ (date) back to the Qin Dynasty, when the elderly would thread coins onto a red
string. This money __63__ (call) yasui qian in Chinese, meaning “ money protecting oneself from evil spirits ” ,
and was believed to protect elder people from sickness and __64__ (die). As the printing press became more
common, the yasui qian was replaced __65__ red envelopes.
Another legend tells of a village __66__ a demon (恶魔)would terrorize children at night. It was believed that
the demon would touch the children’s heads while they were asleep, __67__ (cause) serious illness. From there, a
theory emerged that when they prayed, the god would send eight fairies to protect the child. The fairies would
disguise(伪装) __68__ (they) as eight coins and hide under the child’s pillow. When the demon got close, the coins
would begin to shine very __69__ (bright) , blinding the demon. Word began to spread and the villagers started
giving red envelopes __70__ (fill) with coins to each other to put under their pillows at night. As time passed, red
envelopes became a way to bring good luck and prosperity to the receiver.
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号单词的正确形式。
The Wandering Earth is a Chinese science fiction movie, ___71___ is based on the novel of ___72___ same
name by Liu Cixin, and was released on February 5, 2019, the Chinese New Year’s Day.
After learning the sun is dying out, people all around the world feel ___73___ (frighten),
so they build giant planet thrusters (星球推进器) ___74___ ( move ) the earth out of its orbit and sail ___75___
to a new star system. The 2500 years’ journey comes with unexpected dangers, but in order to save humanity, a
group of young people come out bravely and fight hard for everyone’s ___76___ (survive).
We ___77___ (impress) to see the theme of this film. It doesn’t particularly show somebody’s ability to save
our world ___78___ shows all the human beings are working together, ___79___ (spare) no effort to save this
world.
The Wandering Earth is seen by people as the dawn(开端) of Chinese science fiction movies. It means that
China’s sci-fi movies have ___80___ (official) set sail.4
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Language is sometimes written as a code so that people can communicate secrets. During ____81____
Second World War, the German Navy （海军）used a code to send messages. The British broke the code and
____82____ （learn） about many German plans. The Japanese also used a code to talk to ____83____
（they） ships at sea. It was called the Purple Code. Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese
didn’t know it ____84____（break）. In 1942 , the Americans began to use their own code to send ____85____
（secret）. A few Navajo（纳瓦在人）Indians made this code ____86____（base） on their language, which
only some American Indians spoke. The code described a few things the American army did. Only they could
understand this code, so they went with the army as it fought against the Japanese. These Navajo soldiers promised
____87____（keep） this code a secret, even though this could cause their ____88____（die）. The Japanese
never broke the code because they knew nothing ____89____ the Navajo language. And the code, ____90____
connected two languages, helped win the war in the Pacific.
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last October I left the UK behind and joined Gillotts School on their rugby and hockey tour in sunny Italy. It
was my first time away on a sports tour and I could not have enjoyed it _____91_____ (much)! Five days of
sports, between training and matches with Italian players, but also plenty ___92___time for sightseeing and free
moments to enjoy an ice cream in the sun.
____93____ our flight had landed in Milan, we got on our coach and drove for a couple of hours towards our
home for the week, the Hotel San Zeno, a _____94_____ (comfort), family-run accommodation, with a splendid
view of Lake Garda. Starting the day with a self-led training, enjoying a boat tour on the lake, wandering along the
streets of Sirmione for a few hours and heading off _____95_____ (play) a sport — these are just a few
____96____ (example) of the kind of adventures you could be having!
The girls and boys on this tour seemed to enjoy_____97_____ (they) thoroughly, especially after winning ALL
of their games! I found myself ____98____ (cheer) them on like a proud aunt and celebrating afterwards with
food, drink and social time, hosted by rugby clubs after matches. On the last day we headed back to _____99_____
airport, but not before stopping in Milan! We _____100_____ (pay) a visit to the San Siro museum and enjoyed a
stadium tour before moving on to Milan city centre for an afternoon of shopping.
6
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The first blockbuster (大片) of China set in space, “The Wandering Earth,” opens Tuesday during grand
expectations ____101____ it will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese filmmaking.
“The Wandering Earth,” ____102____ (show) in 3-D, takes place in a distant future in which the sun is about
to expand into a red giant and devour (吞噬) the Earth. It ____103____ (adapt) from works by Liu Cixin, the
writer ____104____ has led a renaissance in science fiction here, ____105____ (become) the first Chinese winner
of the Hugo Award in 2015. His novels are splendid and ____106____ (deep) researched. That makes
____107____ (they) reasonable fantasies about humanity’s meeting with a dangerous universe. The openings alsocome as China reached a milestone in space: the landing of a probe on ____108____ far side of the moon in
January. Although decades behind Russia and the United States, China has now put astronauts ____109____ orbit
and has ambitious plans to join—or even lead—a new age of space exploration.
“I think there is a very close _____110_____ (connect) between Chinese cinema and the nation’s fortunes,”
said Sha Dan, a curator at the China Film Archive.
7
Be cautious of Friday the 13th！Many people think the day is unlucky.___111___（fortune）, there's only one
Friday the 13th this year. As the legend goes，you should try not ___112___（break）any mirrors，walk under a
ladder，or even spill any salt. Why？Researchers say___113___ is tough to find out how the tradition came into
being. Many believe it has ___114___（religion）origins. In the Christian faith，there were 13 guests at table for
the Last Supper，which was held the day before the Friday___115___Jesus died. Now，Friday the 13h has
become a cultural wonder. Many Americans avoid the number 13 all together，___116___（include）hotel rooms
and airplane seat assignments. It even costs couples less to get married on the day. There are many other___117___
（explain）behind the luckless day. Simon Bronner，a professor of American studies at Pennsylvania State.
University，___118___（believe）Friday the 13h is a way for people to pin their bad luck to a certain cause:. The
fact should be___119___there's nothing special about the number itself. After all，the number 13 ___120___
（consider）to be lucky in some countries，like Italy
8
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Pu, a cartoon image of a young male panda who loves playing table tennis, ____121____ (become)the
official global representative of China’s giant pandas since the competition’s organizers announced last Wednesday.
A Pu wears a red T-shirt ____122____ which an image of his favorite food—bamboo shoot—can be seen. The
eyes of A Pu are heart shaped, suggesting emotions of love and caring.
The image of A Pu ____123____ (select) from more than 2.023 works from 22 countries, won the China
Giant Panda Global Image Design Competition.
The image of A Pu will be ____124____ (wide) promoted as the official image of China’s giant pandas and
will be a bridge ____125____ (connect) China with the rest of the world, the organizers said. “A Pu ____126____
(give) the identity of a young male panda who will soon be ____127____ freshman in college and loves playing
table tennis.” according to the lead designer of the team creating A Pu. The image represents the new generation of
Chinese ____128____ (youth) who are more connected to the international community, ____129____ also shows
their characteristics—energetic, positive, ____130____ (confidence), and willing to share.
9
131. ______________(prevent) this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the sources of all the water
supplies be examined.
132. This is not his fault. I am________________(blame)for not having made the whole thing clear to him.
133. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people ____________(expose) to cholera.
134. _____________(absorb) in his book, he forgot to have lunch.
135. For ____________(convenient) it is divided roughly into three zones.136. London has the oldest port ________(build) by the Romans in the first century AD.
137. The royal family ____________(consist) of the king and queen and their relations.
138. That was a ____________(delight) party and he was delighted to accept the invitation.
139. Zhang Pingyu found the Queen’s jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, _________ special occasions,
still wore the four-hundred-year uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.
140. __________ interested her most was the longitude line.
10
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式
We’ve all turned to sad music to make us feel ___141___ (good)at some point in our lives, but why does
doubling down on the sadness help drag us out of the mire(泥沼 )？
A new study sheds light on what’s going on inside our brains ___142___we match our music to our feelings.
It looks like sad music can be enjoyable -rather than ___143___(simple) depressing- because it triggers positive
memories that can help to lift our mood. Psychologist Adrian North from Curtin University in Australia says there
___144___ (be)two groups of possible___145___ (explain)for why we enjoy listening to sad music like this: one
from social psychology, and one from cognitive neuroscience(认知神经学).
In terms of social psychology, one way of ___146___(think) about this is that we feel much better about
___147___ (we) if we focus on someone who’s doing even worse, a process known as downward social
comparison. Everything’s going to be okay, because this person ___148___(have) an even worse day than you are.
Another theory from social psychology is that people like to listen ___149___ music that mirrors the tone of
their current life circumstances -the songs act as ____150____sort of tuning fork(音叉) for our own situations and
they resonate(共鸣) with us.
参考答案
一、
1. concentration
【解析】考查名词。句意：我发现很难听懂老师在说什么，最终我无法集中注意力。分析句子可知，设空
处在句中作宾语，应用名词的形式，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填concentration。
2. apologies
【解析】考查名词。句意：是的，他欠我很多道歉，但我不在乎。空处应填所给词的名词形式apology作
宾语，被many修饰，应用复数形式。故填apologies。
3. awareness
【解析】考查名词。句意：司机应该提高安全意识，特别是在高速路上。根据此空处位于及物动词 raise之
后可知填名词作宾语。故填awareness。
4. description
【解析】考查名词。句意：风景美得无法形容。分析句子结构，此处作介词beyond的宾语，用名词形式，
表抽象意义，不可数，beyond description难以形容，无法形容，符合题意。故填description。
5. creativity【解析】考查名词。句意：疯狂和创造力之间可能有联系。分析句子可知，设空处与前面的名词madness
构成并列结构，故应填名词。creative的名词形式为creativity，表示“创造力、创造性”。故填creativity。
6. anxiety
【解析】考查名词。句意：考试焦虑在中学生中很严重。此处作主语，应用名词 anxiety，不可数。故填
anxiety。
7. concentration
【解析】考查名词。句意：睡眠不足导致他记忆力差，注意力不集中。形容词poor作为定语修饰名词，且
concentrate的名词形式为concentration，是不可数名词。故填concentration。
8. surroundings
【解析】考查名词。句意：只有用这种方式我们才能生活在更舒服、更美丽的环境中。根据空前形容词
comfortable and beautiful 可知，此处使用名词 surrounding，表示“环境”时，常用复数形式。故填
surroundings。
9. motivation
【解析】考查名词。句意：这些方法能帮助增强学生的积极性和兴趣。设空处在句中作宾语，所给词
motivate 的名词 motivation 意为“积极性”符合句意，作此意时 motivation 是不可数名词，所以填
motivation。故答案是motivation。
10. pollution##being polluted
【解析】考查非谓语动词和名词。句意：我们必须采取措施阻止空气被污染。此空在介词from后充当宾语，
所给词 pullute的名词pollution意为“污染”符合句意，pollution是不可数名词，所以填pollution。此外，
也可以用动名词形式，此处表示阻止空气“被污染”，所以用动名词的被动形式，即 being polluted，故填
being polluted/pollution。
11. evolution
【解析】考查名词。句意：尽管在过去的一万年里，人类的进化速度加快了，但地球仍处于年轻时期。分
析句子可知，空处作句子主语，结合 has 来看，应填不可数名词 evolution，表示“进化”。故填
evolution。
12. creativity
【解析】考查名词。句意：如果老师太严格，可能会限制他们的创造力和想象力。作宾语，应用名词
creativity，不可数。故填creativity。
13. pressure
【解析】考查名词。句意：面对挑战和压力，他沉着冷静。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词与空前的
challenges构成并列结构作宾语。press为动词，意为“挤，压”，名词为pressure，意为“压力”，为不可
数名词。故填pressure。
14. entertainment##entertainments
【解析】考查名词。句意：牛津能向来访者提供很多很好的娱乐活动。句子分析可知设空处在句中作宾语，
所给词entertain的名词entertainment意为“娱乐，娱乐活动”符合句意，entertainment指“娱乐,娱乐活
动”一般为不可数名词，表示具体事物时则可作可数名词，所以设空处可填 entertainment 或
entertainments，故答案为entertainment/entertainments。15. composer
【解析】考查名词。句意：那天是那位作曲家逝世四十周年纪念日。句子分析可知设空处在句中作宾语，
名词composer意为“作曲者，作曲家”符合句意，由空前的“that”可知此处应用名词单数形式。故填
composer。
16. qualifications
【解析】考查名词。句意：你的资格证书是表明你的教育和培训水平的官方文件或头衔。句中应该使用名
词作主语。qualification为名词，意为“证书”，其为可数名词，由空后动词 are可知，此处表示复数意义。
故填qualifications。
17. gentleness
【解析】考查名词。句意：他开始用一贯的温柔来安慰我。句中应该使用gentle的名词gentleness作宾语，
意为“温柔”，其为不可数名词。故填gentleness。
18. distance
【解析】考查名词。句意：如你所知，在美国，距离是以英里为单位的。句中应该使用 distant的名词
distance作主语。此处意为“距离”，其为不可数名词。故填distance。
19. responsibility
【解析】考查名词。句意：因此，让我们通过骑自行车来承担起建设低碳城市的责任。设空处在句中作宾
语，应用名词的形式。固定短语take the responsibility 承担责任。故填responsibility。
20. recognition
【解析】考查名词。句意：深圳，曾经是一个小渔村，现在已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。changed beyond
recognition“焕然一新”，故填recognition。
21. awareness
【解析】考查名词。句意：人们应该提高保护野生动物的意识是很重要的。根据句意和所给形容词aware
以及句中的 raise their 可知，空格处应该填入 aware 的名词形式 awareness 作动词 raise 的宾语。故填
awareness。
22. curiosity
【解析】考查名词。句意：随着演出（日期）的临近，一些学生充满着好奇心。分析句子可知，此空应填
名词作宾语，形容词curious“好奇的”，其名词形式为curiosity，故填curiosity。
23. assistant
【解析】考查名词。句意：“我的助手Hahim将为你们演示机器的实际操作，”Kalan对人群说。根据句
意可知，Hahim是Kalan的助手，空格处意为“助手”，是名词assistant，Hahim是一个人，因此空格处用
单数。故填assistant。
24. decorations
【解析】考查名词。句意：我去商店买了一些装饰品来装饰我们的房子。分析句子可知，提示词作宾语，
意为“装饰品”，应用可数名词decoration，结合空格前some可知，应用复数形式。故填decorations。
25. Congratulations
【解析】考查名词。句意：恭喜你！我们很高兴地告诉你，你赢得了高中演讲的冠军。在口语中，表示对
他人的“祝贺，恭喜”，常用congratulations，用复数形式；句首单词首字母大写。故填Congratulations。26. tendency
【解析】考查名词。句意：如今，人们在网上购物的趋势越来越大，大多数人或多或少都有网上购物的经
历。growing是形容词，修饰名词，tend的名词是tendency，意为“趋势”，空前有a，空格处用单数，故
填tendency。
27. witnesses
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：在接下来的三四天里，这场可怕事故的五位目击者将被传唤出庭作证。
witness为可数名词，由five修饰应用复数形式。故填witnesses。
28. graduation
【解析】考查名词。句意：他在毕业之后在山区当教师志愿者。根据前文的his可知，形容词物主代词后
面要接名词做介词after的宾语，应使用提示词的名词形式。故填graduation。
29. consideration
【解析】考查名词。句意：让她成功的是她对所有病人的善良和体贴。根据句子分析可知，此处应用名词
作表语，且consideration“体贴”为不可数名词。故填consideration。
30. locations
【解析】考查名词。句意：维京人在8世纪来到英国，留下了大量的新词汇，也留下了英国许多地方的名
字。作宾语应用名词location，且由many修饰应用复数形式。故填locations。
31. evidence
【解析】考查名词。句意：在英国，无论你走到哪里，你都会被历史上不同时期四组不同的人掌权的证据
所包围。作宾语，应用名词evidence，不可数。故填evidence。
32. admiration powerful
【解析】考查名词和形容词。句意：显然，John非常钦佩这位负责任的领导，他使公司更加强大。第一空
应填名词作宾语，admiration钦佩，赞赏，不可数名词；第二空用形容词作宾语补足语，powerful强大的，
形容词。故填①admiration②powerful。
33. for arrangements
【解析】考查介词和名词的数。句意：我已安排汤姆去机场接专家，记者们也已安排对他进行采访。第一
空短语arrange for sb. to do sth.表示“安排某人做某事”；第二空短语make arrangements for表示“安排某
事”。故填①for；②arrangements。
34. was amazed arrangements
【解析】考查形容词、名词以及固定短语。句意：事实上，专家惊讶地发现，志愿者们为这次运动做了很
好的安排。分析句子可知第空格处缺少谓语部分，表示“感到惊讶”应使用固定短语be amazed that,根据
从句时态可应使用一般过去时，主语是 the expert,故填 was amazed;第二空格处构成固定短语 make
arrangements for为……做好安排，应填arrangements。故填was amazed; arrangements。
35. anxiety
【解析】考查名词。句意：孩子们在上学的第一天常常感到很焦虑。作宾语应用名词anxiety，不可数。故
填anxiety。
36. designer【解析】考查名词。句意：据说这颗珠宝的设计师是一位女艺术家。由“is a woman artist”可知，空格处是
“设计师”，应用名词designer，由is可知，空格处用单数形式。故填designer。
37. concentration
【解析】考查名词。句意：据调查，十分之三的司机曾因开车时注意力不集中而发生过事故。of后接名词
concentration作宾语，不可数名词。故填concentration。
38. approval
【解析】考查名词。句意：她非常想赢得父亲的认可。名词所有格 father’s 后接名词形式approval，不可
数。故填approval。
39. creativity
【解析】考查名词。句意：在会议上，他提到了培养学生创造力的重要性。分析句子可知，“students’”为
名词所有格形式，后接名词，作宾语，“create”意为“创造”，动词词性，根据句意“培养学生创造力”
可知，空格处应用“creativity”，意为“创造力”，为不可数名词。故填creativity。
40. application
【解析】考查名词。句意：如果你想成为体育赛事的志愿者，你应该写一份申请书。分析句子可知，此空
应填名词，再根据语意和所给词可知，应填 application，表“申请书”，在本句中作宾语。故填
application。
41. existence
【解析】考查名词。句意：一批考古证据证实了中国古代犀牛的存在。the +名词+of 。existence存在，为
不可数名词。根据句意，故填existence。
42. popularity
【解析】考查名词。这项运动的普及意味着更多人呼吁更严格的安全规定。根据空格前的名词所有格“the
sport’s”可知，空格处应填入名词。popular的名词形式为popularity，意为“普及；流行；受欢迎”。故填
popularity。
43. recognition
【解析】考查名词。句意：中国网络文学产业越来越受到国内外的认可。作宾语，应用名词 recognition，
不可数。故填recognition。
44. competitors
【解析】考查名词。句意：为了生存，传统书店正在与网上书店的竞争对手展开激烈的竞争。空前是形容
词online，空格处填名词；由句意可知，此处表示“竞争对手”，所以填 competitor，根据提示词their和
bookstores，名词要用复数形式，即 competitors，名词短语online competitors在句子作宾语。故答案为
competitors。
45. recognition
【解析】考查名词。句意：有些艺术家死后才得到公众的认可。空处应填名词作宾语，recognition认可，
承认，不可数名词。故填recognition。
46. anxiety
【解析】考查名词。句意：缺乏运动和不良饮食会导致焦虑。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，
做宾语，anxiety表示“焦虑”的意思，是不可数名词。故填anxiety。47. anger
【解析】考查名词。句意：听到这个消息，他抑制不住怒火。形容词性物主代词 his后需接名词；angry对
应的名词为anger“生气”，不可数名词，作宾语。故填anger。
48. migration
【解析】考查名词。句意：这种一年一度的移动被称为迁徙。分析句子成分可知，空处需要填提示词
migrate的名词形式作宾语，表示“迁徙”为migration，符合句意。故填migration。
49. mystery
【解析】考查名词。句意：解开黑脉金斑蝶的惊人能力的秘密的办法出现于它陷入严重困境的时候。根据
空前定冠词the可知，空处需要填名词；结合句意，表示的是“黑脉金斑蝶的惊人能力的秘密”，无复数
提示，故用单数即可；提示词mysterious为形容词表示“神秘的”，其名词形式为mystery，表示“秘密”。
故填mystery。
50. longing
【解析】考查名词。句意：虽然科技改变了我们获得朋友的方式，但友谊的意义和我们对朋友的渴望是不
变的。结合句意及空前的 the meaning of friendship and our 以及空后的 for friends 可知应填名词形式
longing，意为“渴望”，与meaning并列作主语。故填longing。
二、
1
51. choices 52. it 53. dipped 54. in 55. the 56. which 57. to appreciate 58. but 59. enables 60.
peacefully
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者从初上书法课的迷茫，到书法课成为自己身边必不可少的一部
分的心理历程。
51. 考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知，one of the best后加名词复数，表示“最好的……之一”，故填
choices。
52. 考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知，it is/was the+序数词+time that 是固定句型，意为“这是第几
次……”，故填it。
53. 考查时态。句意：我拿起画笔，用正确的手势蘸了蘸墨水，小心翼翼地用中文写着“一”。结合句意
可知，句中的三个动作take up, dip, write是连贯的、并列的，故时态一致，故填dipped。
54. 考查介词。句意：小心翼翼地用中文写着“一”。分析句子结构可知，空处填介词，表示“用……门
语言”用介词in，故填in。
55. 考查冠词。句意：在过去的五年里，我学会了翻译一些著名的诗歌。over the past five years意为“在过
去的五年里”，表示特指，故填the。
56. 考查定语从句连词。分析句子结构可知，空处填关系代词，在从句中作主语，先行词是a bridge，故填
which。
57. 考查动词的固定结构。句意：我可以感受到他们的情绪，珍惜自己的平静，学会欣赏我的日常生活。
learn to do sth.意为“学做……”，故填to appreciate。
58. 考查并列连词。句意：现在，书法不仅仅是一种爱好，而是一种让自己摆脱生活烦恼的方式。根据句
意可知，not…but…意为“不是……而是……”，故填but。59. 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，空处填时态，结合语境，此处用一般现在时，且主语是
calligraphy，故填enables。
60. 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处填副词，修饰动词live，故填peacefully。
【点睛】it的固定句型（和时间有关）总结：
①It is time (about time, high time) that…该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气。注意：常用过去时态表示
虚拟，有时也用should+动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“是（正是）……的时候”
②It is/was the first (second, …)time that…该句型应和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中不用虚拟语气，而用完
成时态。至于用哪种完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态来决定。如果是一般现在时，从句用现在完成时
态；如果是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that可以省去；it有时用this替换，常译为
“是第一（二,…）次…”。
③It is …since…该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。主句中是时
间作表语，其时态是现在时和完成时，引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一
般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。
④It is …when…该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。
常译为“当……的时候，是……”
⑤It be…before…该句型主句中的it指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态，主句中的表
语多是 long, not long, 3 days, 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词和短语。常译为“…之后才”，“没过……
就……”。
2
61. an 62. dates 63. was called 64. death 65. with 66. where 67. causing 68. themselves 69.
brightly 70. filled
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了红包的来历。
61. 考查冠词。part是可数名词单数形式，且important 的发音以元音音素开头，play an important part in...
意为“在……中发挥重要作用”。故填an。
62. 考查时态。date back to意为“始于(某时期)，追溯到……年代”，根据上下文可知，该短语常用一般现
在时,没有被动语态和进行时。故填dates。
63. 考查时态和语态。根据下文中的 “ and was believed o protect elder people ”可知，空处应用一般过去时；
This money和call之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。故填was called。
64. 考查名词。根据空前的名词sickness和and可知，death与名词sickness是并列的关系，应填名词形式。
故填death。
65. 考查介词。此处为“replace A with B ”结构的被动形式，意为“用B替换A”。故填with。
66. 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a village，它是表示地点的名词，
且定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以要且关系副词引导该从句，故填 where。
67. 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们相信恶魔会在孩子们睡着的时候摸他们的头，结果引起严重的疾病。根
据语境可知，此处是表示顺理成章的结果，应用动词-ing形式作结果状语。故填causing。
68. 考查代词。此处指仙女们把自己伪装成八个硬币。当主语和宾语是同一个人或物时，宾语要用其反身
代词作宾语。故填themselves。69. 考查副词。根据空前的动词shine和very可知,此处应用副词brightly修饰动词shine。故填brightly。
70. 考查非谓语动词。red envelopes与fill之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，意思是“被装满了硬币的信封”，所
以应用动词-ed形式作后置定语。故填filled。
3
71. which 72. the 73. frightened 74. to move 75. it 76. survival 77. are impressed 78. but 79.
sparing 80. officially
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了《流浪地球》这部电影的主要内容和意义。
71. 考查非限制性定语从句。 1 is based on the novel of 2 same name by Liu Cixin是非限
制性定语从句，修饰a Chinese science fiction movie，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which
引导该从句，故填which。
72. 考查冠词。句意：《流浪地球》是一部中国科幻电影，改编自刘慈欣的同名小说。same常和定冠词the
连用，故填the。
73. 考查形容词。句意：在得知太阳正在消失后，世界各地的人们都感到很害怕。feel是系动词，后面接
形容词作表语。表示“（人）害怕的”，应用frightened。故填frightened。
74. 考查非谓语动词。句意：所以他们建造了巨大的行星推进器，把地球从轨道上移开，把它带到一个新
的恒星系统。 4 ( move ) the earth out of its orbit and sail 5 to a new star system.是“人们建
造行星推进器”的目的，表目的，用动词不定式。故填to move。
75. 考查代词。句意：所以他们建造了巨大的行星推进器，把地球从轨道上移开，把它带到一个新的恒星
系统。该空作sail的宾语，指代the earth，应用it。故填it。
76. 考查名词。everyone’s 6 (survive)作介词for的宾语，应用名词。且空前有everyone’s（所有人
的）修饰。故填survival。
77. 考查时态和被动语态。该空作谓语。impress意为“给……留下印象”，主语we和impress之间是被动
关系，该句用被动语态。且根据上下文，该句应用一般现在时态。故填are impressed。
78. 考查固定搭配。句意：它并没有特别显示某个人拯救世界的能力，而是显示了所有人都在一起努力，
不遗余力地挽救这个世界。not…but…表示“不是……而是……”，是固定搭配。故填but。
79. 考查非谓语动词。 9 (spare) no effort to save this world是状语，主语all the human beings和
spare no efforts之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填sparing。
80. 考查副词。句意：《流浪地球》被人们视为中国科幻电影的开山之作。这意味着中国的科幻电影已经
正式启航。该空修饰动词短语set sail，应用副词。故填officially。
4
81. the 82. learned/learnt 83. their 84. had been broken 85. secrets 86. based 87. to keep 88.
deaths 89. about 90. which
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了二战时期不同国家使用的一些语言密码。
81. 考查冠词。此处特指第二次世界大战，序数词前面要用定冠词 the。故填the。
82. 考查时态。根据前文During the Second World War可知是过去发生的事情，所以此处用一般过去时
learned/learnt。故填learned/learnt。
83. 考查代词。此处表示日本人也用密码跟他们的船只交流，修饰名词ships应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
84. 考查时态及语态。根据前文Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it可知，
美国人破解了密码，但日本人不知道密码已经被破解了。break动作发生在didn’t know之前，故本空应用
过去完成时，且根据语境可知此处应用被动语态，故填 had been broken。
85. 考查名词复数。根据语境可知美国人用密码传递秘密，秘密不可能是一个，应用复数 secrets。故填
secrets。
86. 考查过去分词。此处指一些纳瓦霍印第安人以他们的语言为基础创造了密码。be based on 意为
“以……为基础”，本空应用过去分词based。故填based。
87. 考查不定式。promise to do sth. 意为“承诺做某事”，本空应用to keep作宾语。故填to keep。
88. 考查名词复数。设空处作动词cause的宾语，并且被形容词性物主代词their修饰，所以用名词复数。
故填deaths。
89. 考查介词。根据语境可知，他们对纳瓦霍印第安人的语言一无所知。know nothing about...意为
“对……一无所知”，本空应介词 about。故填about。
90. 考查定语从句的关系词。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the code, 关系词在从句中作主语，应
用which。故填which。
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91. more 92. of 93. After 94. comfortable 95. to play 96. examples 97. themselves 98.
cheering 99. the 100. paid
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙事了上周作者去意大利进行橄榄球和曲棍球巡回赛，并叙述了这段旅行
期间所做，所看。
91. 考查副词比较级。否定词+比较级表达最高级，意思是“再......也不为过”。所以空处填much的比较级
more。故填more。
92. 考查介词。plenty of“许多”为固定短语，即可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。故填
of。
93. 考查连词。分析句子可知，作者到了米兰之后，又上了一辆长途大巴车。所以本句为after引导的时间
状语从句。故填After。
94. 考查形容词。comfortable为形容词修饰名词accommodation。故填 comfortable。
95. 考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，本句为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to play。
96. 考查名词复数。a few 修饰可数名词复数。故填examples。
97. 考查代词。 enjoy oneself“玩的很开心”为固定短语。故填themselves。
98. 考查现在分词。find sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，其中现在分词作宾语补足语。本句中的
myself 与cheer在逻辑上是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填cheering。
99. 考查冠词。airport为可数名词，在本句中表示特指，所以用定冠词the来修饰。故填the。
100. 考查一般过去时。and并列连接谓语动词enjoyed和paid。故填paid。
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101. that 102. shown 103. is adapted 104. who/that 105. becoming 106. deeply 107. them 108.
the 109. in/into 110. connection【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了“流浪地球”这部大片的开幕式、故事背景以及这部影片的意义。
101. 考查同位语从句。句意：肩负着人们的厚望，中国第一部以太空为背景的大片《流浪地球》于周二上
映。这部电影被认为将代表中国电影制作新时代的曙光。这是一个同位语从句，expectations的内容就是it
will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese filmmaking，并且从句部分是一个陈述句，故填that。
102. 考查过去分词作定语。句意：“流浪地球”是以3D形式播放的，故事发生在遥远的将来。“The
Wandering Earth”与show之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作定语。故填shown。
103. 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：电影改编于刘慈欣的作品，这位作家在中国引领了一场科幻小说
复兴，在2015年成为了赢得雨果奖的第一名中国作家。全文使用的是一般现在时，所以这句话也使用一般
现在时，主语it指代的是“The Wandering Earth”，是第三人称单数，且是物作主语，所以语态使用被动语
态。故填is adapted。
104. 考查定语从句。句意同上。这是一个定语从句，先行词为 the writer，指人，从句缺主语，故
填who/that。
105. 考查现在分词作状语。句意同上。这里的分词作the writer的状语，the writer与become之间是主动关
系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。故填becoming。
106. 考查副词。句意：刘慈欣的小说叙事宏大，背景研究细致入微。空格处单词修饰动词 researched，应
用副词形式，故填deeply。
107. 考查代词。句意：这使得这些小说是关于人类和危险的宇宙之间的合情合理的科幻小说。这里的they
指代his novels，并且在句中作make的宾语，所以用代词的宾格形式，故填them。
108. 考查定冠词。句意：宇宙探测器一月份落在月球背面。空格位于介词后，名词前，所以填冠词。月球
是独一无二的，所以这里特指月球的背面。所以填定冠词。故填the。
109. 考查介词。句意：虽然落后于俄罗斯和美国几十年，但如今中国已经将宇航员送入太空轨道。太空轨
道是一个很大的范围，所以进入太空轨道用介词in或者into。故填in/into。
110. 考查名词的单数形式。句意：中国电影资料馆策展人沙丹说：“我认为中国电影和中国国运之间有着
紧密联系。”空格位于定冠词和形容词后，介词前，所以用名词形式，又有不定冠词 a修饰，所以用可数
名词的单数形式。故填connection。
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111. Fortunately 112. to break 113. it 114. religious 115. when 116. including 117.
explanations 118. believes 119. that 120. is considered
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。在美国人们觉得星期五和数字13是不好的运气，在住酒店结婚等场合都避免
使用它们。但是宾夕法尼亚大学教授Simon Bronner认为只是人们把坏运气归因于星期五和数字13。
111. 考查副词。根据句子结构可知，空格处的单词是作状语的，应该用副词。故填Fortunately。
112. 考查固定搭配。try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”，try not to do sth.尽力不做某事。故填to break。
113. 考查it作形式主语。分析句子结构可知，say后面是宾语从句，缺主语，分析句意可知，搞清楚这个
传统是怎样产生的很难。不定式短语 to find out how the tradition came into being是真正的主语。为了保持
句子平衡，应该用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语放到后面。故填it。
114. 考查形容词。名词origins应该用形容词来修饰。故填religious。
115. 考查定语从句引导词。the Friday为定语从句的先行词，在后面从句中作时间状语，星期前面用 on，所以定语从句的引导词是when或on which。故填when。
116. 考查介词+doing用法。include是动词，分析句子结构可知，整个句子是单句，include在这里不作谓
语，需要用它的介词形式，后面跟介词宾语。故填including。
117. 考查名词。由前面的are和many可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式。故填explanations。
118. 考查时态。分析上下文可知，此篇文章主要时态是一般现在时，本句主语是单数，所以要用 believe
的单三形式。故填believes。
119. 考查表语从句引导词。本句中should be后面是表语从句，从句内容完整。故填that。
120. 考查一般现在时被动语态。根据句意和句子结构可知，the number 13和consider是被动关系，又分析
上文知道，这里应该用一般现在时，the number 13是单数主语，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词
用is。故填is considered。
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121. has become 122. on 123. selected 124. widely 125. connecting 126. is given 127. a 128.
youths 129. which/and 130. confident
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一只喜欢打乒乓球的年轻雄性熊猫的卡通形象“A Pu”已成为中国大
熊猫的全球官方代表。
121. 考查动词时态。句意：自上周三比赛组织者宣布这一消息以来，一只喜欢打乒乓球的年轻雄性熊猫的
卡通形象“A Pu”已成为中国大熊猫的全球官方代表。根据时间状语 since the competition’s organizers
announced last Wednesday可知应用现在完成时，且主语为单数名词，故填has become。
122. 考查介词。句意：A Pu穿着一件红色T恤，T恤上面印着他最喜欢的食物——竹笋。本句为“介词
+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词T-shirt，且根据短语on T-shirt“在T恤上”可知应填介词on。
123. 考查非谓语动词。句意：从22个国家，超过2023多幅作品中挑选出的A Pu的形象，赢得了中国大熊
猫全球形象设计大赛。本句中已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故select做非谓语动词与逻辑主语image
构成被动关系，故填过去分词selected。
124. 考查副词。句意：主办方表示，A Pu的形象将被广泛宣传为中国大熊猫的官方形象，并将成为连接中
国与世界的桥梁。promote为动词需要副词修饰，故填widely。
125. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句中已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故 connect做非谓语动词与
逻辑主语bridge构成主动关系，故填现在分词connecting。
126. 考查动词时态语态。句意：“A Pu的身份是一只年轻的雄性熊猫，很快就要上大学了，喜欢打乒乓
球。”本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且为一般现在时，故填is given。
127. 考查冠词。句意同上。freshman为可数名词，且表示泛指“一个大学生”，故填不定冠词a。
128. 考查名词的数。句意：这一形象代表了与国际社会联系更加紧密的新一代中国青年，也体现了他们的
特点——精力充沛、积极向上、自信、乐于分享。youth为可数名词，且根据下文定语从句who are more
connected可知应填复数形式，故填youths。
129. 考查连词。句意同上。本句可理解为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词 The image，且在从句中做主语，
指物，故填which。或填连词and与上文are more connected to the international community构成并列句。故填
which/and。
130. 考查形容词。句意同上。根据上文energetic, positive,可知应填形容词性，故填confident。9
131. To prevent 132. to blame 133. exposed 134. Absorbed 135. convenience 136. built 137.
consists 138. delightful 139. on 140. What
【解析】131. 考查不定式用法。句意：为了阻止这样的事情再次发生，John Snow建议所有供应的水的来
源都要检查。句中不定式短语to prevent this from happening again在句中作目的状语，说明检查来源的目的。
所有要填To prevent。
132. 考查不定式固定句式。句意：这不是他的错。我应该因为没有向他讲清楚整个事情而受到责备。固定
句式sb be to blame for sth意为“某人应该为某事受到责备”，该句式使用主动语态表示被动含义。所以要
填to blame。
133. 考查过去分词用法。句意：当时当他想起帮助接触到霍乱的普通人的时候，他感觉很受鼓舞。动词短
语expose sb to sth意为“让某人接触到某物”，本句中ordinary people与动词expose构成被动关系，要用
过去分词短语作定语修饰ordinary people。所以要填过去分词exposed。
134. 考查分词用法。句意：专注于他的书，他忘记了吃午饭。动词短语 absorb sb in sth意为“让某人专注
于…”，本句中过去分词absorbed转换成形容词，意为“专注于…”，在句中说明主语he的情况。所以要
填Absorbed。
135. 考查名词。句意：为了方便，它粗略地被分成三个时区。横线所填词作介词for的宾语，要用名词形
式。所以要填convenience。
136. 考查分词用法。句意：伦敦有公元一世纪罗马人修建的最古老的港口。句中名词 port与动词build构
成被动关系，用过去分词短语在句中作定语修饰port。所以要填built。
137. 考查主谓一致和时态。句意：皇室由国王王后和他们的亲戚组成。动词短语 consist of意为“由…组
成”，没有被动语态和进行时。本句主语“the royal family”是一个集体名词，在本句中表示一个整体，谓
语动词使用单数形式。且本句对一般情况的说明，要用一般现在时。所以要填consists。
138. 考查形容词。句意：那是一个令人愉快的聚会，他很高兴地接受了邀请。句中要用形容词做定语修饰
名词party，所以句中要填delight的形容词delightful修饰名词party。所以答案为delightful。
139. 考查介词。句意：张平宇发现女王的珠宝由专门的皇家卫兵保护，在这个特别的场合，这些卫兵还穿
着400多年前伊丽莎白一世的制服。名词occasion通常与介词on连用，所以句中要填介词on。
140. 考查主语从句连词。句意：最让她感兴趣的是经线。句中what引导主语从句并在句中充当主语。所
以要填What。
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141. better 142. when/as 143. simply 144. are 145. explanations 146. thinking 147. ourselves 148.
is having/has 149. to 150. a
【解析】这是一篇说明文。我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些，但是为什么
更多的悲伤反而会让我们走出低谷呢？社会心理学有的派别认为是通过下行社会比较让我们感觉好一些，
有的派别认为是那些悲伤的音乐让我们产生心理共鸣，所以感觉会好一些。
141. 考查形容词比较级。句意：我们都曾在生命中的某些时刻通过听悲伤的歌来让自己好受一些。空格处
单词位于系动词feel后，应用形容词形式。根据句意“让我们感受更好受一些”，应使用形容词比较级形
式。且空格处单词与第三段中的“feel much better”呼应，故填better。142. 考查时间状语从句中的连词。句意：一项新的研究阐明了当我们将所听的音乐与心中感受配对的时候
我们大脑里到底发生了什么。根据句意，这是一个时间状语从句。由于空格后句子使用的是一般现在时，
所以空格处连词可以填when/as。
143. 考查副词。句意：其结果显示：悲伤的音乐也能带来愉悦而不是简单地令人低落。空格处单词修饰形
容词depressing，应用副词形式。故填simply。
144. 考查主谓一致。句意：关于我们为什么喜欢听悲伤的音乐有两派可能的解释。这里使用的是there be
句型，be动词与其后主语保持一致。句中“two groups of”为复数意义，故be动词填are。
145. 考查名词的复数形式。句意同上。空格处单词位于形容词后介词前，应用名词形式。“explain（解
释）”的名词形式为explanation，且为可数名词。这句话后列出了来自社会心理学与来自认知神经科学的
两派解释，所以空格处名词用复数形式。故填explanations。
146. 考查动名词。句意：从社会心理学这一派来讲，有一种思路是：当我们把注意力集中在一个比我们过
得还惨的人身上时，我们会觉得好受些。空格位于介词of后，且think about是动词词组，所以空格处填动
名词形式。故填thinking。
147. 考查反身代词。句意同上。由于表语从句的从句部分主语we与about后的宾语指代的是同一类人，所
以介词后宾语使用反身代词。we的反身代词为ourselves，故填ourselves。
148. 考查时态语态与主谓一致。句意：一切都会好起来的，因为这个人比你过得更惨。这是原因状语从句，
前半句使用的是一般现在时，所以从句部分也使用一般时态。根据句意，从句部分使用一般现在时或现在
进行时都可以，主语this person是第三人称单数，故填is having/has。
149. 考查介词。句意：另一个假说是人们喜欢听那些能反映自己现在生活境况基调的音乐，这些歌对于我
们的境况来讲起到了类似音叉的作用，它们与我们产生了共鸣。“listen”是不及物动词，后边加名词时需
要加介词to，故填to。
150. 考查冠词。句意同上。空格位于单数名词sort前，空格前为介词，所以空格处需要填冠词。“a sort
of”意为“一种”，为固定搭配。故填a。
