专题08词性转换(原卷版)_3.2025英语总复习_2024年新高考资料_3.2024专项复习_[高考字典]2024年高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略(通用版)

高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略 专题 08 词性转换 目录 一 命题规律 名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表 语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；根据标志词及语境来 确定比较等级；根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定 名词的单复数。 二 备考策略 第一步：确定是否考查词形转换；第二步：确定转换形式 三 基本知识 提示词为动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词的词形转换 四 真题训练 近几年高考词性转换的专题训练 五 思路点拨 1. 作主语或宾语用名词形式。2. 在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不定代词 (some, any, a lot of等)、介词后还没有名词时，就用名词形式。3. 作定语、表语或 补足语用形容词形式。4. 作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或修饰全句，用 副词。 5. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能 是只加上改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。 六 考点归纳 高频考点：1. 形容词→副词 2.名词与形容词的转换3. 动词→名词4. 名词/形容词 →动词5. 动词/名词→表示人的名词6. 动词与形容词的转换7. 表示否定的前缀与 后缀 七 考点练透 再次巩固所掌握的知识点体系并能灵活应用 命题规律： 名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状 语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；根据标志词及语境来确定比较等级；根据名词前的数词、量词、 冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。 备考策略： 第一步：确定是否考查词形转换 提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时，首先要考虑词形转换；提示词为动词，且该动词在句中既不 作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。 第二步：确定转换形式 根据句式结构以及设空处所作成分进一步分析，最终确定正确的词形转换形式。 基本知识： 技法1 提示词为动词的词形转换 提示词为动词，如果既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，则考虑动词词形转换。动词是转换成名词 还是形容词，则根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析。1.动词转换为名词 (1)v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为” celebrate→celebration 庆祝 compete→competition 比赛 pollute→pollution 污染 educate→education 教育 possess→possession 拥有 (2)v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果” develop→development 发展 announce→announcement 宣布 argue→argument 争论；论据 encourage→encouragement 鼓励 (3)v.＋-r/-er/-or转换为名词，表示“人” perform→performer 表演者 settle→settler 移民者 educate→educator 教育家 direct→director 导演 visit→visitor 访问者 (4)v.＋-ure转换为名词 fail→failure失败; mix→mixture混合； press→pressure压; depart→departure分离 (5)后缀-th结尾的名词 grow→growth生长 die→death 死 deep→depth深 wide→width 宽 warm→warmth温暖 true→truth 真实 (6)后缀-ance/-ence结尾的名词 exist→existence 存在 guide→guidance指导 (7)后缀-al结尾的名词 arrive→arrival到达 approve→approval 赞成 survive→survival 活了下来 2.动词转换为形容词 (1)v.＋-able转换为形容词 accept→acceptable 可接受的 adapt→adaptable 能适应的 adjust→adjustable 可调节的 afford→affordable 负担得起的(2)v.＋-ed/-ing转换为形容词 confuse→confused 感到困惑的 worry→worried 担心的 excite→exciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的 (3)v.＋-ive转换为形容词 impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive 有教育意义的 (4)v.＋-ful/-less转换为形容词 doubt→doubtful 怀疑的 forget→forgetful 健忘的 thank→thankful 感激的 hope→hopeless 不抱希望的 技法2 提示词为名词的词形转换 1.名词的单复数 若提示词名词有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数： (1)有数词或these、 those、 several、 few、 many、 all、 both、 various、 different等词修饰时，用名词 的复数形式； (2)名词前有one of时，用名词的复数形式； (3)若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应用名词的复数形式。 2.名词变复数的规则 (1)大部分单数可数名词变为复数一般直接加s；如果是以ch、 sh、 s、 x等结尾的单词，则一般加es： trees、 bikes、 books、 buses、 watches、 boxes、 bushes； (2)辅音字母＋y 结尾的单词，变 y 为 i 再加 es；但元音字母＋y 结尾的单词，则直接加 s：babies、 families、 boys、 plays； (3)以 o 结尾的单词除了两人(negro、 hero)、两菜(tomato、 potato)加 es 外，其余一般加 s：radios、 photos； (4)以f或fe结尾的单词，通常变f、 fe为v再加es：wives、 knives、 wolves； (5) 特 殊 变 化 ： man→men 、 woman→women 、 tooth→teeth 、 foot→feet 、 child→children 、 mouse→mice； (6)单复数同形： Chinese、 Japanese、 people、 sheep、 deer、 fish。 3.名词转换为形容词 提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词时，则一般考查名词变形容词。注意名词变形容词的后缀： (1)n.＋-able honor→honorable 可敬的 (2)n.＋-al nature→natural 自然的；天生的music→musical 音乐的；悦耳的 (3)n.＋-ful colour→colourful 颜色鲜艳的 meaning→meaningful有意义的 (4)n.＋-en：wood→wooden 木质的 (5)n.＋-y：wealth→wealthy 富有的 4.名词的所有格 提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。 (1)单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加's； (2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，通常在词尾加'。 技法3 提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换 1.形容词、副词的词形转换 (1)分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词或名词； (2)若空处作定语、表语则应考虑用形容词形式； (3)若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑用副词形式； (4)若空处在介词后，应考虑用名词作宾语。 2.形容词变副词的规则 (1)以-e结尾的形容词一般不去e，直接加-ly：immediate→immediately, brave→bravely。 (2)一些以-e结尾的形容词去e加-(l)y：true→truly, simple→simply, gentle→gently, possible→possibly。 (3)“辅音字母＋-y”结尾，变y为i，再加-ly：happy→happily, easy→easily。 (4)以-ic结尾的形容词加-ally：economic→economically, basic→basically。 3.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级 (1)利用标志词确定比较等级 ①题目中有much、 far、 still、 even、 rather、 a little、 a bit、 a lot、 a great deal、 than等标志性词汇 时用比较级； ②空后有表示范围的标志词in、 of、 among等时用最高级； ③空前有one of the等修饰词时，用最高级。 (2)利用固定句型 “the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。 (3)利用隐含信息判断 句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级。 技法4 提示词为代词的词形转换 提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看空处所填代 词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。具体方法如下： (1)分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，应考虑人称代词的主格形式；(2)分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，应考虑人称代词的宾格形式； (3)分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，应考虑形容词性物主代词； (4)分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词。 一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表 人称 单数 复数 类别 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 人称 主格 I you he/she/it we you they 代词 宾格 me you him/her/it us you them 形容词 物主 my your his/her/its our your their 性 代词 名词性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs himself/ 反身代词 myself yourself herself/ ourselves yourselves themselves itself 二、牢记代词的句法功能 1．作主语：人称代词主格。 2．作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格和名词性物主代词。 3．作定语：形容词性物主代词。 4．如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词。 5．填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。 6．that、 those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。 技法5 提示词为数词的词形转换 1.基数词变序数词 (1)一般由基数词加-th构成： six→sixth seven→seventh ten→tenth hundred→hundredth (2)以y结尾的基数词，先把y变为ie，再加-th： twenty→twentieth thirty→thirtieth (3)不规则变化： one→first two→second three→third five→fifth eight→eighth nine→ninth twelve→twelfth2.年龄、年代表达法 (1)表达“在某人几十多岁”时，用“in one's＋整十基数词的复数”，如：in one's fifties 在某人五十多岁 时； (2)表达“在几十年代时”，用“in the＋整十基数词的复数”，如：in the thirties 在三十年代。真题训练： 1.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·56) Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)， those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ____56____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 2.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·64) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____64____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 3.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷·57) I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___ (confidence) speaking English. 4.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷·63) ___63___ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home. 5.(2023年全国甲卷·62) Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ___62___ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, as Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 6.(2023年全国甲卷·67) ___67___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 7.(2023年全国甲卷·69) However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___69___ (warn) about environmental destruction. 8.(2023年全国乙卷·69) The ____69____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 9. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·63) The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and _____________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 10. (2022 年新高考Ⅱ卷·58) Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ________ (sleep) while watching TV. 11. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·60) When he looked down, he _____________ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. 12. (2022年全国甲卷·66) Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________ (meaning). 13. (2022年全国乙卷·65) China has a ______________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 14. (2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·58) The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will ______________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 15. (2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·61) I told him how _________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 16. (2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·64) A company _____________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 17. (2021年全国甲卷·50) …we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their _______ (day) routines. 18. (2021 年全国乙卷·62) … (I) often provides money for conservation and benefits the ________________ (develop) of the local areas. 19. (2021年全国乙卷·68) Provide _________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. 20. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·64) The far side of the moon is of particular ________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side. 21. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·62) Landing on the moon’s far side is ___________ (extreme) challenging. 22. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·61) Chinese New Year is a _____________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 23. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·66) ___________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. 24. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·69) The __________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 25. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·64) Filled with _________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 26. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·68) As the small boat moved ______ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 27. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·70) But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s ___________ (wonder). 28. (2018 年全国Ⅰ卷·68) To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _____________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. 29. (2018 年全国Ⅱ卷·66) This switch has decreased _________ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 【解析】作动词decreased的宾语，用名词，故填pollution。 30. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·66) My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a __________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 31. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·69) This development was only possible with the _______________ (introduce) of electric- powered engines and lifts.32. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·70) The Central London Railway was one of the most ____________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 思路点拨: 当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时, 就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下五点顺利解 决： 1. 作主语或宾语用名词形式。 2. 在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不定代词(some, any, a lot of等)、介词后还没有名词时，就用名 词形式。 3. 作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式。 4. 作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或修饰全句，用副词。 5. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能是只加上改变词义但不改变词性 的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。如： In Alaska, the wolf almost ______________ (appear) a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport. 【解析】主句缺谓语, 应填动词，而appear本身就是动词，无需作词性变化，可考虑变词义；由because从 句可知，主句意思应是 “狼在几年前就差不多消失了”， 要用disappear；再由a few years ago可知，要 用一般过去时，故填disappeared。 注意： 解题时，既要根据句子结构需要确定词类，又要考虑句意连贯或逻辑通顺。如： He failed his maths examination because of his _________ (care) work. 【解析】 在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由failed…可知，要填表示否定意义的“careless” (粗心大 意的)，意义才通顺, 故填careless。 考点归纳: 课标词的派生词是不算生词的，也不用中文注明，因此，掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。 从近五年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转换主要考查了以下6点： 1. 形容词→副词。 2. 名词→形容词。 3. 动词→名词。 4. 形容词→名词。 5. 名词→动词。6. 名词→名词(人)。 现将主要考点归纳如下： 1. 形容词→副词 (高频考点) 规律总结 请在横线上写出下列形容词的副词的中文意思 1 polite→politely____________；rude→rudely____________； wide→widely__ __________； immediate→immediately____________； fair→fairly____________； certain→certainly____________； 一般直接加ly careful→carefully____________； final→finally____________； quick→quickly___ _________； high→highly____________； official→officially____________； reg ular→regularly____________； actual→actually____________； slow→slowly_____ _______； sudden→suddenly____________； real→really____________ 2 easy→easily____________; angry→angrily____________; happy→happily____________ 辅音字母+ y → i ; heavy→heavily____________; steady→ steadily____________； ly busy→busily____________; lucky→luckily____________; healthy→healthily_________ ___; 但shy→shyly____________ 3 possible→possibly____________； probable→probably____________； terrible→ ter 以-le结尾,去e ribly____________； noble→nobly____________; comfortable→comfortably________ 加y ____; reliable→reliably____________；gentle→gently____________; ample→amply____________; simple→simply____________ 4 true→truly____________；due→duly____________（按时地）； (个别)去e加ly whole→wholly____________ 5 basic→basically____________; classic→classically____________; magic→magically____ ________; optimistic→optimistically____________; 以-ic结尾加ally scientific →scientifically____________; energetic→energetically____________; 但public →publicly____________ 6 full→fully____________（完全地）；dull→dully____________（迟钝地） 以-ll结尾加y 2.名词与形容词的转换 规律总结 请在横线上写出下列名词的形容词的中文意思或形容词的名词的中文意思 1 music→ musical____________; original→original____________; person→personal______ +al/去e, +al ______; nation→national____________; tradition→traditional____________; centre→central________; practice→practical___________; globe→global____________; 2 -ture→ -tural nature→ natural____________; culture→cultural____________; agriculture→agricultural____________; architecture→architectural____________ 3 politics→ political____________; physics→physical____________;mathematics→mathema -ics→ -ical tical____________; statistics →statistical____________ 4 east→ eastern____________; west→western____________; south→southern____________ +ern ; north→northern____________; southwest→southwestern____________ 5 access→ accessible____________; +ible 注意 horror→horrible;____________ terror→terrible____________ 6 success→ successful____________; care→careful____________; power→powerful______ +ful ______ ; peace→peaceful____________; fruit→fruitful____________; 注意 mercy→merciful____________; beauty→beautiful____________ 7 fool→ foolish____________; self→selfish____________; child→childish____________; +ish fever→feverish ____________ 8 danger→ dangerous____________; humor→humorous____________注 +ous 意 anxiety→anxious__________; ambition→ambitious_________; curiosity→curious____________; 9 importance→ important____________; significance→significant____________; distance → -ance→-ant distant____________; 10 absence→ absent ____________; silence→silent ____________; difference→different ____ -ence→-ent ________; convenience→convenient ____________; patience→patient____________; violence→violent ____________ 11 fluency→ fluent____________; efficiency→efficient____________; emergency→emergent -ency→ -ent ____________; urgency→urgent____________ 12 friend→ friendly____________; time→timely____________; +ly man→manly____________; mother→motherly____________； month→monthly____________; 注意 day→daily____________ 13 able→ ability____________; responsible→responsibility____________; -ble→ -bility possible→possibility____________; flexible→flexibility____________ 14 health→ healthy____________; sleep→sleepy____________; greed→greedy____________ +y; 去e，+y; ; wealth→wealthy____________; noise→noisy____________; ice→icy____________; 双写，+y sun→sunny____________; fog→foggy____________; 15 weak→ weakness____________; kind→kindness____________; ill→illness____________; adj.+ness →n sad→sadness____________; 注意 happy→happiness____________ 16 warm→warmth____________; 注意 strong→ strength____________; long→ adj. +th →n. length____________; wide→width____________; deep→depth____________; true→truth ____________ 17 accurate→accuracy____________; private→privacy____________; -ate→-acy adequate→adequacy____________18 free→ freedom____________; wise→wisdom____________; cruel→cruelty____________; safe→safety____________; tire→tiresome____________; trouble→troublesome_________ 其他 ___; history→historic(al)____________; science→scientific;____________ brave→bravery ____________; short→shortage____________ 3. 动词→名词 规律总结 请在横线上写出下列动词的名词的中文意思 1 expect→ expectation_______________; present→presentation_______________; 注意 expl +ation ain→ explanation_______________ 2 去e， invite→ invitation_______________; examine→examination_______________; prepare→pre +ation paration_______________; 注意 pronounce→pronunciation_______________ 3 去e，+ tio produce→ production_______________; introduce→ introduction_______________；注意 n describe→description _______________ 4 devote→ devotion_______________; pollute→pollution_______________; contribute→contr 去e，+ion ibution_______________; revise→revision _______________ educate →education_______________； 5 +ion act→action_______________;attract→attraction_______________; protect→protection_______________; suggest→suggestion_______________ 注意 intend→intention_______________ discuss → discussion _______________; express→expression_______________; possess→possession_______________; impress →impression_______________ 6 去t/d/de， admit→ admission_______________; permit→__________________; + (s)sion extend→_________________; conclude→_________________; divide→________________ 7 +ance；去 appear→ appearance_____________; perform→_______________________; acquaint→____ e，+ance _________________; guide→__________________ 8 exist→ existence; prefer→__________________; refer→_________________; +ence differ→__________; depend→________________;注意 occur→ ___________________ 9 achieve→ achievement__________; agree→agreement __________; +ment announce→announcement______________; develop→development____________; encourage→encouragement_______________;注意 argue→argument__________ 10 arrive→ arrival_____________; approve→approval __________; survive→survival 去e，+al _________; refuse→ refusal ________ 11 fail→ failure_____________; press→pressure_________; depart→departure __________; +ure/tre mix→mixture________ 12 +y recover→ recovery_____________; discover→discovery______________ 13 choose→ choice______________; vary→variety_______________; tend→tendency________ 其他 _________;advise→advice____________________; apologize→apology_________________; classify→classification________________; grow→growth_____________________ 4. 名词/形容词→动词 规律总结 请在横线上写出下列动词的中文意思 1 strength→ strengthen ___________；length→ lengthen ___________ ；height→ heighten ___ ________；soft→ soften ___________ ；weak→ weaken ___________ ；wide→ widen ____ 后缀-en _______ ；less→ lessen ___________short→ shorten ______________；broad→ broaden __ ___________；quick→ quicken ____________ 2 前缀en- able→ enable _____________；large→ enlarge ____________ ；rich→ enrich ____________ _；courage→ encourage ___________ ；danger→ endanger ___________ ；compass→ enco mpass ____________ 5. 动词/名词→表示人的名词 规律总结 请在横线上写出下列表示人的名词的中文意思。 1 sing→ singer___________; teach→teacher________; strange→stranger________; +er/r village→villager________; employ→employer__________ interview→interviewer ___________ 2 act→ actor ___________; invent→inventor _________; educate→educator_________; visit→ +or visitor_______; conduct→conductor__________ employ→employee _________; interview→interviewee ___________; pay→payee_______; 3 +ee absent→absentee_________ act→ actress; wait→waitress________; host→hostess________; 4 +(r)ess steward→stewardess___________; 注意 god→goddess________ 5 +ese Japan→Japanese _________; Vietnam→Vietnamese___________ 注意 China→Chinese ________;Burma(缅甸)→Burmese_________; 6 +n Asia→ Asian ____________; America→American__________; Australia→Australian______ _____; India→Indian_______; Korea→Korean__________ (去y或s) music→ musician__________; history→historian_________; library→librarian_________; ph 7 +ian ysics→physician_________; politics→politician__________ art→ artist ____________; novel→novelist ________; tour→tourist_______; 注意 8 +ist cycle→cyclist_______; science→scientist_________ assist→ assistant ____________; account→accountant ___________; 9 +ant consult→consultant ____________; 注意apply→applicant _________; serve→servant ______ _ 10 +ar lie→ liar___________; beg→ar____________(注意拼写) 6. 动词与形容词的转换4. 名词/形容词→动词5. 动词/名词→表示人的名词规律总结 请在横线上写出下列动词转换后的形容词的意思或形容词转换后的动词的意思 suit→ suitable____________; comfort→comfortable____________; 1 +able reason→reasonable___________;注意admire→admirable___________; rely→re liable________; doubt→ doubtful____________; harm→harmful_________; hope→hopeful________; care→ 2 +ful careful________; use→useful_______;help→helpful________ act→ active________; attract→attractive_________; impress→impressive___________; 3 +ive create→creative________ 4 +ary imagine→imaginary __________ deep→ deepen____________; wide→widen _______; less→lessen______; 5 adj.+en/n →v. worse→worsen________; dark→darken_______ 6 en+adj.→v. large→enlarge____________; rich→enrich_______; able→enable________; noble→ennoble________; able→ unable____________; fair→unfair______; fit →unfit__________; 4 un- fortunate→unfortunate___________; usual→unusual________ hope→ hopeless____________; end→endless________; stain→stainless________; 5 +less taste→tasteless_________; use→useless_______; help→helpless_________; power→powerless_________ 7. 表示否定的前缀与后缀 规律总结 请在横线上写出与下列单词意义相反或相否定的词语的中文意思 advantage→ disadvantage____________; agree→ disagree____________; 1 dis- appear→disappear____________; legal→ illegal_____________; polite→impolite _________; patient→impatient__________; 2 il/im/in- convenient→inconvenient____________ understand→ misunderstand___________; lead→mislead________; direct→misdirect__________ 3 mis- ; trust→mistrust_________ 考点练透： 1. “No, sir. You must also start preparing for the winter if you want to have enough to eat,” the ant said ___________ (serious). 2. Brazilian officials__________ (sincere) hope hosting the games will improve life in Brazil. 3. It must take place in a _____________ (care) controlled environment, under the guidance of your doctor. 4. However, before I got on the bike, I felt _________ (extreme) nervous and I was afraid that I would fall off … 5. You can imagine how ________ (terrible) shy I was with so many eyes fixed upon me. 6. ___________ ( obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.7. If you always go to bed and get up at about the same time, this will set a ________ (health) rhythm in your life. 8. My classmates attended _________ (vary) events such as running, high jump and long jump. 9. I couldn’t imagine what it is like to lose your home and everything that you know and the ___________ (power) effect the hurricane had on those people. 10. We can start the habit by writing summaries and remember to record something ___________ (impress) and meaningful. 11. I heard that listening to classical music is ________ (help) in reducing stress. 12. Some think it is _____________ (convenience) to get in touch with others with the cell-phone… 13. There’s clear ___________ (evident) that people who listen to lively music are lively people. 14. … more and more students would drop out of school if their personal _______ (safe) could not be guaranteed. 15. The best speed _________(eat) train their stomachs to expand. 16. I had no _______ (choose) but to prepare for it, though. 17. Nevertheless, apologies might be an important social tool as they reaffirm (重新确认) the __________ (exist) of rules that need to be observed. 18. The students use a video game controller to direct its ____________ (move) in the tank. 19. A farmer once organized a ____________ (compete) between his dog and his rabbit. 20. Actually with my ______________ (confident) building up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. 21. I went off in search of him in hopes that I could _________(unite) him with his owners. 22.Meanwhile, a big tourism company said its rural tourism business has shown significant potential for future ____________ (grow) in the recent three years. 23.After experiencing her older sister's ____________(die) and her parents' divorce, she is determined to stay alive for the sake of her broken family. 24.There is still no convincing ____________ (explain) for the origin of FRB in the international scientific community at present. 25.She provided medical ________ (equip), clean water and fruits. With this work the death rate decreased to 2.2%. 26.In the end, a Mediterranean diet is part of the factors contributing to our physical health, but it takes ____________ (commit) to make them happen. 27.I told him how ________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco- friendly options. 28.This morning, a ________ (cheer) lion dance troupe (剧团) drove slowly past my local wet market. 29.But the most __________ (value) experience of all was discovering a new sense of independence, she said. 30.Crows have long been observed for their various ____________(amaze) displays of intelligence. 31.Some American scholars thought China could hardly realize food-sufficiency because of the ____________(limit) water resources, decrease of agricultural land due to industrial expansion and the fast population growth. 32.In addition to books, many libraries also offer digital ____________ (copy) of books, audiobooks, movies, and more through Internet platforms. 33.When the answer was no, she declined the ________ (invite)． 34.China's online literature has grown in popularity over the last two ____________ (decade). 35.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ________ (human) are. 36.We don't have enough resources allocated to our educational sector and the little ____________ (allocate) to the sector is not well managed. 37.It is widely considered that these social ____________ (policy) will definitely improve the well-being of Chinese children. 38.The project was completed so quickly because the workers had been arranged into seven units to undertake different ____________ (task) at the same time. 39.Hopefully, the cute, witty, hi-tech Bing Dwen Dwen can become a classic and countless lasting ____________ (memory) will stick in Olympic history. 40.“Making coins was one of the greatest financial ____________ (activity) in human history ， ” said researchers, adding that it allowed wealth to be traded easily. 41.There were no stars, no celebrities or ____________ (profession) performers, we wanted to present a modern China and the lives of ordinary Chinese people. 42.A lot of problems are associated with overusing our digital devices, from eye health and issues of mental health to addiction and ____________ (education) difficulties. 43.Unlike older generations who might favor Western culture and brands，Chinese youth were born and raised when the ____________ (country) economy was taking off, so they tend to have strong confidence in their national identity and culture. 44.It was a good opportunity for me to experience the ____________ (nation) diverse customs and traditions. 45.Compared with the class nine years ago, this ____________ (year) lecture was greatly different. 46.______ (similar)，instead of learning knowledge inside the classroom, students should be encouraged to take adventure outside and visit places where they can witness the development of their hometown. 47.Back in the ____________ (ninety), he would remain at the zoo for almost three months to stay with the pandas during the breeding season. 48.Many legends and stories lie behind its red walls and under the golden ____________ (roof). 49.As the benefits of space exploration and innovation become ____________ (well) known, increasingly more countries and non-governmental entities are interested in engaging in exploration and innovation. 50.The Svalbard Global Seed Vault, which preserves almost one million seed samples, has one of the ____________ (large) collections. 51.But Japan, who lacked its own mineral resources, took the theme of a sustainable ( 可持续的) future ____________ (seriously) than others. 52.At the waterside or on the mountains, the seniors find ____________ (they) in harmony with nature. 53.There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late ____________ (eighty).54.Since many of the ____________ (origin) features of the garden have been preserved, the garden has a high historical and artistic value. 55.Now, researchers from Canada's University of Guelph insist that cats also express emotions on their faces — one just has to learn how to interpret ____________ (they)! 56.But now, for the first time in conservation history, ____________ (they) numbers are on the increase. 57.But at least 70% of stars in the universe are red dwarfs, the tiniest and coolest ____________(one) out there. 58.This year, Remila spent her ____________ (five) Spring Festival aboard the carrier. 59.China beat South Korea 3－2 from two goals down in the dramatic final of the AFC Women's Asian Cup on Sunday night, winning the championship for the ____________ (nine) time 16 years later. 60.This is especially true in countries where traditional medicines are ____________ (wide) used. 61.The junk floats around ________ (hundred) of kilometers above the earth. Experts say the main worry is that such debris will hit a space station, satellite or other equipment. 62.It is known to all that there were two world wars in the ____________ (twenty) century, which greatly changed the world situation. 63.Covering some 720，000 square meters and ____________ (official) known as the Palace Museum, it was home to royal families of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 64.Xu Yuanchong was one of the greatest translators in China, who devoted himself to translating Chinese poems in his ____________ (seventy). 65.These days, doctors are using a new approach to healing, which is called tapping. This approach combines ____________ (wise) from Chinese medicine with talk therapy (治疗). 66.China has expressed an ambition to land people on the moon and ____________ (possible) build a scientific base there.