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热点 11 语法填空
语法填空旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握情况,着重考查考生的综合
语言运用能力,体现了语言测试的交际性原则。其考查形式分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两
种。
1.给出提示词的考查内容包括:词性转换(如名词、动词、形容词与副词等的词性转换);
名词单、复数变化;形容词和副词的比较等级变化;动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词等。
2.不给出提示词的考查内容包括:根据上下文语境填入冠词、副词、连词、代词及介词等。
(一)不给出提示词填空题的解题技巧
1. 如果句子缺主语或宾语,一般填代词。
【考例】 When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop ignoring me, he says, “In
a minute,” but still checks to see if 38 has posted something new on the internet.
解析: someone/somebody。宾语从句中缺主语,根据句意可知应填someone/somebody。
2. 名词前面若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等),很可能填限定词。
【考例】 The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American
Southwest are admired by even 62 most modern of architects and engineers.
解析: the。形容词最高级前加the。
3. 如果句子不缺主语、表语或宾语,在名词或代词前面一般填介词。
【考例】 In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.
解析: with。with+表示具体工具的名词,意为“用……”。
4. 若两个或两个以上单词或短语之间没有连词,则可能填连词。【考例】 In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan,
Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
解析: and。此处列举了一些亚洲国家,它们之间是并列关系。
5. 若两个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号、破折号或句号,一般填并列连词或从属连词。
(1)并列句
【考例】 It was time for her to have a new baby, 70 it was also time for the young panda to
be independent.
解析: and。此处两个分句之间为并列关系,故使用and。
(2)名词性从句
【考例】 Eventually, I decided to follow her and 26 happened truly amazed me.
解析: what。连接代词what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。
(3)定语从句
【考例】 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the
mid-1980s, 6 5 I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for
pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
解析: when。先行词the mid-1980s指时间且定语从句中不缺少主干成分,缺少狀语,故
用关系副词when来引导。
(4)状语从句
【考例】 Over time, 4 5 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so
it would cook more quickly.
解析: as/when。as/when引导时间状语从句。
6. 若句子结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一
致时,则很可能填情态动词或表示强调或疑问的助动词(do, does, did等)。
【考例】 Remember, however, that you should usually consult different types of sources.
That is, you 51 always rely just on the Internet for your research.
解析: shouldn’t。由前文“you should usually consult different types of sources”可知,空格
处应填情态动词shouldn’t,表示“不应该”。
【考例】 Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last
stop?”
解析:Did。本句为一般疑问句,且全篇文章是一般过去时态,故用do的过去式。
7. 根据特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。
(1)根据“it is…that...”强调结构形式,判断填it还是that。【考例】 But like so many other things, it is only too much stress 34 does you harm.
解析: that 。考查强调句型,本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。
(2)根据倒装句式判断,是填构成部分倒装条件的 only, so, neither, never, hardly
等,还是填do, does, did等。
【考例】 Not until I returned 32 I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.
解析: did。“not until...”位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装,且主从句时态保持一致,故填
did。
(3)根据it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格处是否填it。
【考例】 Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult 31 was
to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
解析: it。it作形式主语,替代真正的不定式主语“to choose a suitable Christmas present for
her father”。
(4)根据习惯用法或固定搭配判断。
【考例】 But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the
mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for
pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
解析: to。考查动词的固定搭配go back to“追溯到……”。
8. 根据常识和上下文语境来判断语义和词形。
【考例】 Unbelievable! Oh..., if you don’t mind, I’ll stop and take a deep 70 .
解析: breath。根据上下文语境,Peter认为这样的事情是不可能的,所以他想深呼吸让自
己平静下来。
(二)给出提示词填空题的解题技巧。
1. 若句中缺少谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,
所填动词就是谓语动词,需要考虑动词时态、语态以及数的变化。
【考例】 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 (be) often acceptable.
解析: is。考查主谓一致,单个动名词短语作主语,视为单数。
2. 若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所填动词就是非谓语动词。用动词-ing形式
(动名词或现在分词)、-ed形式还是不定式形式,确定的方法主要有以下几种:
(1) 作宾语,通常用动名词或动词不定式形式。
【考例】 My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-
plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
解析: introducing。动词include后接动名词作宾语。【考例】 I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 66(stop)
until we reached the next stop.
解析: to stop。动词refuse后接不定式作宾语。
(2)作表语,通常用现在分词或过去分词形式。一些表示心理活动的动词,用过去分词作
表语时,多位于系动词(be, become, feel, get, look, seem等)之后,表示主语本
身(一般为人)“感到……的”;用现在分词作表语时,表示主语(一般为物) “令
人……的”。
【考例】 Do you find yourself getting impatient or 38 (annoy) with people over
unimportant things?
解析: annoyed。空格处和形容词impatient构成并列关系和系动词get构成系表结构,填
annoyed“恼怒的,生气的”,表示你变得生气。
(3)作定语,通常用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词形式。不定式表示将要发生的动作;
现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成的动作。
【考例】 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the
mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit
caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
解析: permitted。被修饰名词 reporter和permit之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。
(4)作状语,通常用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词形式。
①作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语,一般用动词不定式形式。
【考例】 Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create)special
designs.
解析: to create。动词不定式作目的状语。
②作时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状语,常用分词形式。与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现
在分词;与逻辑主语是被动关系,就用过去分词。
【考例】 People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use) twigs(树枝) to
remove it.
解析: using。use与逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语表示主动。
(5)作补语,通常用动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词形式。不定式表示动作的全过程;
现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成的动作。
【考例】 As I back into my car, I saw the same lady 28 (look) in at me.
解析: looking。空格处作感官动词see的宾补,根据“同一位女士看着我”可知,应用现
在分词looking表示主动或正在进行的动作。3. 作表语(系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或补语(表示性质或状态),通常用形容词
形式。
【考例】 Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn
baby. She was a very 63 (care) mother.
解析: caring或careful。修饰名词mother应用形容词。
4. 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子用副词形式。
【考例】 The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
解析: officially。修饰动词要用副词。
【考例】 17 (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.
解析: Luckily。修饰整个句子要用副词。
【考例】 He must be 20 (mental) disabled.
解析: mentally。修饰形容词disabled,要用副词。
5. 形容词和副词还要看是否有比较等级的变化,即用原级、比较级还是最高级。
【考例】 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and
identify (识别)those of 61 (great)and less importance.
解析: greater。空格处与比较级less是并列关系。
6. 作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语时,前面可能有形容词修饰,一般用名词形式。
【考例】 Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62
(achieve).
解析: achievement。介词of后接名词形式作宾语。
7. 在指示代词、形容词性物主代词或者“冠词(+形容词)”后,常用名词形式。
【考例】 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly
551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks.
解析: development。冠词the后接名词,the+名词+of...意为“……的……”。
8. 当确定所填的词是名词时,要考虑该名词是可数还是不可数,若是可数名词,要注意单、
复数形式。
【考例】 The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that
while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum —she never suspects.
解析: days。few修饰复数名词。
9. 代词可能涉及人称代词的主格与宾格、形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词以及反身代
词之间的转换。【考例】 On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by
68 (it) mother.
解析: its。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词,此处指代前面的twin,故用its。
10. 括号中所给词是动词,也有可能是考查词类转换,涉及动词与名词、形容词或副词之
间的转换。
【考例】 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new
hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top61 (attract).
解析: attraction。形容词top后面跟名词形式。
11. 固定搭配或常用句型。
【考例】It could be anything —gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is,
70 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
解析: make。祈使句以动词原形开头。
【考例】It took years of work 65(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
解析: to reduce。it takes + 时间 + to do something“花多少时间做某事”。
12. 根据句子意思及前后文逻辑关系,括号中所给词有可能是考查词类转换,并兼顾考查
其意义相反的派生词,即需要加具有否定意义的前缀dis-, im-, -ir, non-, un-等,或
后缀-less等,这一点虽然目前高考没有涉及,但最容易忽略,需要同学们留意。
【考例】Most people work because it is ________(avoid). By contrast, there are some
people who actually enjoy work.
解析:unavoidable。根据后文“相比之下,有一些人真的享受工作”可知,前文内容是
“大多數人工作是因为工作是不可避免的”,故填形容词unavoidable作表语。
日常生活类,新闻报道类,学校生活类,科技发展类,历史文化
类等。真题链接
2022新高考全国I卷
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National
Park(GPNP). 56 (cover)an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone
National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will
extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be)previously unprotected,
bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59
(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60
(design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整
性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61
leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to
improve connectivity between separate 62 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and
63 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 64 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a
host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is
intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant
Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
56.Covering 57. the 58. were 59. to increase 60. is designed
61. and 62. populations 63. eventually 64. as 65. that
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)
的计划。
56. Covering。考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为
中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语,cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻
辑的主动关系,应用现在分词的形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Covering。
57. the。考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国
家公园之一。本句的结构为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。58. were。考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地
区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性
设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为 a significant number of areas,
先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根
据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
59. to increase。考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的
地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致
性。设空处在句中作非谓语,做目的状语,应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
60. is designed。考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的
真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”
的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观
事实,
应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。故填
is designed。
61. and。考查连词。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护
生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前
后为并列关系,应用and。故填and。
62. populations。考查名词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的
联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句
中作宾语,应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
63. eventually。考查副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的
联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词
eventually作状语,修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
64. as。考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动
植物带来保护。固定短语:serve as (充当)。故填as。
65. that。考查定语从句关系词。句意:该计划旨在为生活在 Giant Panda Range的所有物
种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定
语从句,先行词等于关系词,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词
前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。故填that。
2022新高考全国II卷
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging
from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-
metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 56 (fall) child.Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the
hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
57 Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the
accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 58
(sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the
balcony, and climbed up 59 (see) them. When he looked down, he 60
(accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes 61 screamed
for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry 62 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric
hanging from the balcony. He quickly 63 (throw) his tools aside, and started running,
arms out.
He saved my 64 (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know 65 to thank
him.”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
56. falling 57. The 58. asleep 59. to see 60. accidentally
61. and 62. was fixing 63. threw 64. son's 65. how
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上,
即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。
56. falling考查非谓语动词。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑
了100米,跳过了1.2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语
动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall
之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
57. The考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构,设空
处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”,
the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。
58. asleep考查形容词。句意:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知,设空处
应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词,意为“睡觉”,其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为
固定搭配,意为“熟睡的”,asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
59. to see考查非谓语动词。句意:过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒
了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上,爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词,设空处
应该使用谓语动词。根据句意,他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。),故应该
使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。60. accidentally考查副词。句意:当他往下看时,不小心滑了一跤,从悬崖边上掉了下去。
根据句子结构,设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词,意为“意外
的,失误的”,其副词为 accidentally,意为“意外地,失误地”,符合句意。故填
accidentally。
61. and考查连词。句意:他坚持了几分钟,尖叫喊着他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到他。
根据句子结构,设空处应该填写连词,连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意,此处
表示并列关系。故填and。
62. was fixing考查动词。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应
该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发
生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其
过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
63. threw考查过去式。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构,
设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词,意为
“扔”,过去时为threw。故填threw。
64. son’s考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之
间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
65. how考查特殊疑问词。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构,设空处填写的是
特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填
how。
2022全国甲卷
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first
step 61 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 62 lost his eyesight at
the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the
Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 63 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to
cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 64 friend of his, Wu
Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 65
(protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 66 (meaning). The two
of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.In the last five years, Cao 67 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in
2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 68 (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He
flew 4, 700 kilometers 69 Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, 70 (plan) to hike back to
Xi’an in five months.
61. to journey 62. who 63. held 64. A 45. protection
66. meaningful 67. has walked 68. highest 69. from 70. planning
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带
一路的事情。
61. to journey。考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,
作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知,journey为动词,表示“旅
行”,step前面有序数词,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。
62. who。考查定语从句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛
康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知,此处是非限定性定语从句,先
行词为Cao Shengkang,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
63. held。考查非谓语动词。句意:受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启
发,曹决定徒步穿越这条路线,以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语动
词decided,所以hold应用非谓语动词形式,hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系,应
用过去分词,作后置定语,表被动。故填held。
64. A。考查冠词。句意:他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知,
此处泛指“他的一个朋友”,应用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头,应用a,空处位于句
首,首字母大写。故填A。
65. protection。考查名词。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和
空前的形容词 environmental可知,此处应用名词 protection,作宾语,protection表示
“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。
66. meaningful。考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是
make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
67. has walked。考查动词时态。句意:在过去的五年中,曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家,
2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last fiveyears可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语 Cao为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has
walked。
68. highest。考查形容词最高级。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的 34个国家,
2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处
表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
69. from。考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个
月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,
应用介词from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
70. planning。考查非谓语动词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,
计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知,已有谓语动词 flew,所以动词plan(计划)
应用非谓语动词形式,plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,表主动。故
填planning。
2022全国乙卷
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61
the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62 festival, a number of
events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 (address) the opening
ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64
(large) tea-producing country, China has a 65 (responsible)to work with other
countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community
with a 66 (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the
ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international
cooperation 67 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road
Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
68 (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of
public promotional activities on social media, 69 (invite) twenty-nine tea
professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening
70 (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
61. by 62 the 63. addressed 66. largest 65. responsibility66. shared 67. and 68. To strengthen 69. inviting 50. its
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日,中国商会博物馆
所举办的一系列活动。
61. by。考查介词。句意:2019年11月47日,联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶
日。根据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动,使用固定结构
“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
62. the。考查非谓语动词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行
了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
65. addressed。考查时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情,
用一般过去时。故填addressed。
64. largest。考查形容词最高级。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的
主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词 the和常识
可知,中国是最大产茶国,所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
65. responsibility。考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主
要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词 a后接可数名词
的单数形式。故填responsibility。
66. shared。考查非谓语动词。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做
定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系,所以用过去分
词作定语。故填shared。
67. and。考查连词。句意:仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人
士团结起来,促进国际合作和文化交流。名词 international cooperation 和 cultural
exchanges为并列成分,作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
68. To strengthen。考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒
体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的49名茶叶专业人士进行56小时不间
断的直播。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的
状语。故填To strengthen。
69. inviting。考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上
的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的49名茶叶专业人士进行56小时不间断的
直播。此处为非谓语动词,逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词
作状语。故填inviting。
70. its。考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:
大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。2022年浙江6月卷
To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can
a painting 56 (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing
gallery signs tell you not 57 (do). John Olson, a former 58
(photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to 59 blind because
we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-
the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind
people recognize shapes with their 60 (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of 61
(sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly 62 age seven. When he
felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he 63 (notice)her smile right
away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
For Luc, this means 64 (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it 65
to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
56. be appreciated 57. to do 58. photographer 59. the 60. existing
61. sighted 62. at 63. noticed 64. independence 65. and
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。
56.考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢?主语 a
painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系,且置于情态动词can 之后,所以本句为含有情态
动词的被动语态。故填be appreciated。
57.考查不定式。句意:通过触摸,这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do
sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
58.考查名词。句意:约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师,他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D
模型。单数名词做主语,根据句意表示“摄影师”,此处为单数概念,故填
photographer。
59.考查冠词。句意:触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式,因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看;我
们用大脑看。the blind“盲人”,the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。
60.考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲
人用他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语,修
饰sense。故填existing。
61.考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲
人用他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people,表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。
62.考查介词。句意:Luc Gandarias今年13岁,7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时,用
介词at。故填at。
63.考查时态。句意:当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时,他立刻注意到
了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知,本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。
64.考查名词。句意:对卢克来说,这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾
语。故填independence。
65.考查连词。句意:能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句
意可知,前后为并列关系,所以用and来连接。故填and。
2022年浙江1月卷
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but
growing minority of academics 56 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate
change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane 57
(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others
58 (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to
participate remotely, and 59 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with
the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 60 (rough) 200
academics - many of them climate scientists 61 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the
effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 62
she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 63 time, they agreed. When the answer was
no, she declined the 64 (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by
75%, and she plans 65 (continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding", she says, "a
really positive change."
56. who/that 57. is viewed/has been viewed 58. are 59. changing 60. roughly
61. have promised 62. whether/if 63. the 64. invitation 65. to continue
◆这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践,目的是为了减少学术飞行以
应对气候变化危机。
56. 考查定语从句。句意:亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授 Kim Cobb是一个少数但是
不断增加的少数学者中的一员,因为气候变化,他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词
academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词替代,故填that/who。
57. 考查被动语态。句意:对科学家而言,旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来
相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系,故填 is
viewed或has been viewed。
58. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提
供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的
个人行为。根据句意可知,此处也应使用现在进行时,主语为复数,故填are。
59.考查时态。句意:但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提供更多远程
参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个人行为。
分析句子结构可知,此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change,故填changing。
60. 考查副词。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,
大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词 roughly“粗略
地大约”,故填roughly。
61. 考查时态。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,
大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”
可知主句应使用现在完成时,故填have promised。
62. 考查宾语从句。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进
行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句,宾语从句句意不完整,whether/if“是否”符合语
境,故填whether或if。
63. 考查冠词。句意:大约有四分之三的时间,他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范
围内,故填the。
64. 考查名词。句意:当答案是否定的时候,她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词
decline的宾语,故填invitation。
65. 考查动词不定式。句意:他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式,plan to
do sth“计划做”,故填to continue。
2021新高考全国I卷
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and
Winding Road”. 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world
scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57
(human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will
58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that
the colder the temperature gets, the 59 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s
how nature is — always leaving us 60 (astonish).What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 61
(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on
your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 62 offers a place where
you can sit down to rest your 63 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick
in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 64 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan
is 65 must to visit!
56. What 57. humans 58. undoubtedly 59. hotter 60. astonished
61. was 62. and 63. aching 64. mine 65. a
【导读】本文是一篇说明文。去游览黄山让作者想起了披头士流行的歌曲“蜿蜒长路”。
如果到中国,黄山应该是必游之地。
56. What。考查名词性从句。该句的“ 56 is so breathtaking about the experience”是
主语从句,从句中缺少主语,所以用What。
57. humans。考查名词。与主语we是同位语,所以用复数。
58. undoubtedly。考查副词。修饰动词help,用副词形式。
59. hotter。考查形容词。此处相当于“the more..., the more...”结构,意为“越……
越……”。前面用的是the colder,所以此处用the hotter。
60. astonished。考查形容词。此处说明“us”的状态,所以用astonished。
61. was。考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it,时间状语是then,所以用was。
62. and。考查连词。空格后的动词offers与前面的动词highlights构成并列关系,所以用
and。
63. aching。考查非谓语动词。修饰legs用现在分词aching,表示主动和进行的动作。
64. mine。考查代词。上文提到“in the visitor’s memory”,此处相当于“in my
memory”,所以用mine代替my memory。
65. a。考查冠词。a must意为“一处必须去的地方”。
2021全国甲卷
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It
61 (build) originally to protect the city 62 the Tang dynasty and has now
been completely restored (修复). It is possible 63 (walk) or bike the entire 14
kilometers.We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you
can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 64 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,
we decided it was time for some action and what 65 (good) than to ride on a piece
of history!
We 66 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old
and shaky 67 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 68 way around
the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates
and 69 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going
about their 70 (day) routines.
61. was built 62. in 63. to walk 64. spending 65. better
66. hired 67. but 68. the 69. watchtowers 70. daily
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。
61. 句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知,
空格处为谓语,动词build和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be done),根据句意
和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,主语 it为第三人
称单数,主谓一致,故填was built。
62. 句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知,
表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。故填in。
63. 句意:在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后,我们决定是时候采取行动了,还有什么比
骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”,it为形式主语,
动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
64. 句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些
行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处After为介词,故spend
应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
65. 句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些
行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连(介)词than可知,此处应用
形容词good的比较级。故填better。
66. 句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词,根据上下
文可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。67. 句意:我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃,但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was
old and shaky之间存在转折关系,故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
68. 句意:我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直;完全地”可知短
语为all the way,故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
69. 句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或
者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词 different可知,此处可数
名词watchtower是复数概念,应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
70. 句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或
者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily,作
定语,修饰名词。故填daily。
2021全国乙卷
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is
different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61
(educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,
and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop) of the
local areas.
Ecotourism has 63 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It
was not widely accepted as a travel concept 64 the late 1980s. During that time,
increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 65 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel,
various types 66 trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly
trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of 67 (visit) the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of
its unique biodiversity. 69 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远
足) and accommodations aim 70 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
61. educated 62. development 63. its 64. until 65. the
66. of 67. visiting 68. financial 69. activities 70. to have
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅游。但是由
于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
61.句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是
文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知,此
处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
62. 句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还
是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词
the可知,此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
63. 句意:生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知,此处
形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
64.句意:直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知,此处表示
“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”,表示“直到……才……”使用
固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。
65.句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅
游。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of
environmental-related and adventure travel”可知,此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越
受欢迎,所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
66. 句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态
旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”,所以空格处应填of。故填of。
67. 句意:最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知,空格处应填动
名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
68. 句意:为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知,空格处应填形容
词来修饰名词aid,finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
69. 句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据
谓语动词range可知,空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。
70. 句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定
短语aim to do译为“旨在,目的是”。故填to have。
2021浙江6月卷
It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home
in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 56 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to
the public. Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham andMary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 57 $1,200 and some land
from Charles Dresser, who performed their 58 (marry) ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much 59 (small) than it is today. Mary’s niece
wrote, "The little home 60 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was
extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 61 (she), everything in good taste
and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, 62 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A
long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s
sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 63 (plant) flowers in the front yard.
64 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of
their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected
President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 65 (sell) most of their
furniture.
56. has proved/has proven 57. for 58. marriage 59. smaller 60. was painted
61. herself 62. neither 63. to plant 64. The 65. sold
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的
老房子的变迁历史。
56.考查动词。句意:它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,
但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明对游客来
说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语动词,Lincoln’s home in downtown
Springfield Illinois 作主语;结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句 since it opened to the
public可知,此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,符合现在完成时概念,故设空处
用现在完成时;现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词;主语Lincoln’s home in downtown
Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has,提示词prove 的过去分词形式是
proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
57.考查介词。句意:1866年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房
子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1862年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知,此处考查固
定短语buy sth. for +价格,意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
58.考查名词。句意:1866年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房
子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1862年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主
代词可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故
填marriage。
59.考查形容词。句意:这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的
than可知,此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than,提示词small的比较级形
式为smaller。故填smaller。
60.考查被动语态。句意:这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动
词,The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知,房子是“被漆”的,主语和谓语动词
之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;根据上文的was built可知,此处为一般过去时态;
一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词;主语The little home是单数第三人称,
所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
61.考查代词。句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。
根据句意可知,此处意为“她自己”,可知此处考查反身代词;提示词she的反身代词是
herself。故填herself。62.考查连词。句意:虽然玛丽喜欢花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名
的园丁。根据句意可知,此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”,意为“既不……也
不……”。故填neither。
63.考查动词不定式。句意:玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子
结构可知,设空处作状语;根据句意可知,此处是目的状语;目的状语用动词不定式表示
提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
64.考查冠词。句意:林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层,以满足他们日益增长
的家庭的需要。根据句意可知,此处意为“林肯一家”;根据设空后的Lincolns可知,此
处考查“the+姓氏复数”,表示夫妇俩,或者一家人。设空处位于句首,所以首字母要大
写。故填The。
65.考查动词。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分
析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词 rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语 1861可知,
此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
2021浙江1月卷
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the
scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 56 that most of the rise is due to
gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 57 gives an indication of
whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg
by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 59 (consider) healthy.The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 60 2.1 in
women and men. In cities, however, the gain 61 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The
researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and
women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men
and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people
in many countries had narrowed 63 (sharp) .
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside,
including 65 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer
sports facilities.
56. and 57. that / which 58. person’s 59. is considered 60. by
61. was 62. studied 63. sharply 64. living 65. lower
本文是一篇说明文,讲述了在200个国家进行的一项有关33年来体重指数趋势的研究中,
科学家发现全世界的人都变得越来越重,增长的主要原因是农村地区体重指数的增加。
1.and 考查连词。科学家们发现,世界各地的人们越来越重,而这主要是由于农村地区
BMI的增加。设空处连接两个并列成分,前后均为that引导的宾语从句,故填and。
2.that/which考查定语从句。句意:BMI是国际公认的测量工具,它能显示一个人的体重
是否健康。先行词tool指物,关系代词在从句中作主语,故填that/which。.
3.person’s考查名词所有格。它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的
平方。根据句意可知,空后的名词weight与person之间是所属关系,故填person’s。
4.is considered考查时态、语态和主谓一致。BM在19到25之间被认为是健康的。句中第
一个and连接并列句,故设空处为谓语动词,由 is calculated可知此处为一般现在时;分
句主语是a BML,故用单数;a BMI与consider是被动关系,故填is considered。
5.by考查介词。句意:研究发现,1985年至2017年,农村女性和男性的平均BM增加了
2.l。increase by“增加了多少”,故填by。
6.ws考查主谓一致和时态。句意:然而,在城市中,女性的指数增加了1.3,男性的增加了
1.6。主语为the gain,故谓语动词用单数;根据上文的increased可知,时态为一般过去时,
故填was。
7.studied考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性
和女性的BMI值高于农村地区的男性和女性的BMI值。本句中谓语动词是had,故设空
处是用来作后置定语修饰 countries 的,两者间是被动关系,表示完成的动作,故填
studied。
8.sharply考查词性转换。句意:但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩
小。副词修饰动词had narrowed,故填sharply9.living考查非谓语动词。这可能是由于生活在农村的人的一些不利条件。设空处作后置定
语修饰people,两者之间是主动关系,故填living。
10.lower考查形容词比较级。根据后面的higher、fewer可知,设空处填lower。
2020新高考全国卷
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the
18th and 19th centuries, ___56___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical
objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___57___ until
they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,
for example, ___58___ (form) the core collection of the British Museum __59___ opened in
1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public ___60___ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a
small part of a museum’s collection ___61___ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used
for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at
exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ___62___ (they) living
at a different time in history or ___63___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York,
the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of
the old town. Historical ___64___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must
compete ____65____people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also
welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
56. wealthy 57. or 58. formed 59. which/that 60. are called
61. is 62. themselves 63. walking 64. accuracy 65. for
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面
临的挑战。
56. wealthy考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。
此处修饰名词people,应使用形容词,做定语。故填wealthy。
57. or考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然
后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两者可能性,应使用连词or:
或者。故填or。
58. formed考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的
大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语 in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。
故填formed。59. which/that考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆
的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是 the British Museum,关系
词在从句中做主语,应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
60. are called考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此
处描述的是客观使用,应使用一般现在时;主语与 call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,
且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
61. is考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,
应使用一般现在时,主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使
用第三人称单数形式,且后面的 Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是
提示。故填is。
62.themselves考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自
己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自
己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
63. walking考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己
生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做
imagine的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
64. accuracy考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于
形容词historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
65. for考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固
定短语:compete for,意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。
2020全国I卷
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The
unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon
goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the
moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct
radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a
spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon
is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep
craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use
the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-
Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University,says, “because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about
how the moon 68 (construct)”. Data about the moon’s composition, such as how
69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it)
plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
61. touched 62. extremely 63. where 64. interest 65. than
66. to find 67. means 68. is constructed 69. much 70. its
这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家,文章主要介绍了
中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
61. touched。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神
——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用
一般过去时,故填touched。
62. extremely。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,
应使用extreme的副词形式,故填extremely。
63. where。句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以
在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是 a
spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。故填where。
64. interest。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知,空
处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故
填interest。
65. than。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知,
此处填介词than,表示“比……更”。故填than。
66. to find。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。
此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
67. means。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:
“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites
scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数
形式means,故填means。
68. is constructed。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语 construct
与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在
时,主语the moon是单数,故填is constructed。69. much。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决
定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。
70. its。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填
its。
热点练
(2022·江西·新余市第一中学三模)
China has committed itself to ____1____ (finish) constructing its space station by the end of
this year and say it is planning more than forty ____2____ (launch) for 2022, putting the number
roughly level with ____3____ of the United States. They would include those of two Shenzhou
crewed missions, two Tianzhou cargo spacecraft and the station’s ____4____ (add) two modules
(太空舱), the official Xinhua News Agency reported, citing a recent announcement by the China
Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, ____5____ (know) as CASC.The two
modules will join the Tianhe core module ____6____ is currently home to a three-person crew.
Working largely ____7____ its own, China has pushed ahead with its Tiangong Space
Station program. The current six-month space mission by the crew aboard Tianhe has been
China’s longest ____8____ it first sent a human to space in 2003. The three are the second crew
____9____ (board) the space station, which upon completion _____10_____ (weigh) about 180
tons, and be about a quarter the size of the International Space Station.
1.finishing 2.launches 3.that 4.additional 5.known 6.which##that 7.on
8.since 9.to board 10.will weigh
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国承诺在今年年底前完成空间站的建设,
并表示计划在2022年进行40多次发射,这一数字大致与美国持平,以及对声明的具体介
绍。
1.考查动名词。句意:中国致力于在今年年底前完成空间站的建设,并表示计划在2022
年进行40多次发射这一数字大致与美国持平。commit oneself to doing为动词短语搭配,表
示“致力于......”,to为介词,后面应接动词finish的动名词形式finishing作宾语。故填
finishing。
2.考查可数名词复数。句意:中国致力于在今年年底前完成空间站的建设,并表示计划在
2022年进行40多次发射,这一数字大致与美国持平。分析句子可知,空处由数词forty修
饰应填可数名词复数形式launches,表示“发射(次数)”。故填launches。
3.考查代词。句意:中国致力于在今年年底前完成空间站的建设,并表示计划在2022年
进行40多次发射,这一数字大致与美国持平。分析句子可知,空处指代前文提到的the
number,所以应用代词that,此处表示“这个数字”。故填that。
4.考查形容词。句意:新华社援引中国航天科技集团公司(CASC)最近的一份声明称,
这些任务将包括两次“神舟”载人航天任务、两次“天舟”货运飞船以及空间站新增的两个太空舱。由空后名词短语two modules以及句意可知,此空应填形容词additional修饰
two modules。故填additional。
5.考查过去分词。句意:新华社援引中国航天科技集团公司(CASC)最近的一份声明称,
这些任务将包括两次“神舟”载人航天任务、两次“天舟”货运飞船以及空间站新增的两
个太空舱。分析句子可知,空处作后置定语修饰the China Aerospace Science and
Technology Corporation,be known as固定搭配,意为“被称为”,所以应用过去分词形式
known。故填known。
6.考查定语从句关系词。句意:这两个舱将加入天和核心舱,目前天和核心舱有3名宇航
员。分析句子可知,空处涉及限制性定语从句,应填关系代词which或that,代替先行词
the Tianhe core module,指物,在从句中作主语。故填which/that。
7.考查介词。句意:中国在很大程度上依靠自己的力量推进天宫空间站计划。on one’s
own为固定搭配,表示“独立地,独自地”。故填on。
8.考查时间状语从句连词。句意:“天和号”宇航员目前正在执行为期六个月的太空任务,
这是中国自2003年首次将人送上太空以来历时最长的一次。由句意以及主句has been现在
完成时,可知从句为since“自从……”引导的时间状语从句。故填since。
9.考查动词不定式。句意:这三名宇航员是第二批登上空间站的宇航员。空间站完工后重
约180吨,大小约为国际空间站的四分之一。分析句子可知,此处board作后置定语,修
饰the second crew,表将来,且the second to do为固定结构,表示“第二个(批)
做……”。故填to board。
10.考查动词时态。句意:这三名宇航员是第二批登上空间站的宇航员。空间站完工后将
重约180吨,大小约为国际空间站的四分之一。空处在which引导的定语从句中做谓语,
由句意可知,空间站重达180吨是在将来完工之后的事。故用一般将来时,且which代指
the space station,和动词weigh二者之间是主动关系,所以应用一般经来时的主动,即will
weigh。故填will weigh。
11.central 12.the 13.During 14.the most famous 15.to participate 16.which、
that 17.organizers 18.included 19.exploring 20.management
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲的是周日,北京2022年冬奥会的中外记者受邀在主
媒体中心参加了一场中国中部城市武汉的在线城市之旅。
11.考查形容词。句意:周日,北京2022年冬奥会的中外记者受邀在主媒体中心参加了一
场中国中部城市武汉的在线城市之旅。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词China;center的
形容词是central,意为“中央的”,故填central。
12.考查定冠词。句意:此次在线游的主题是“游览武汉黄鹤楼,品味长江生活味道”。
空格处用定冠词特指前面提到的在线之旅。故填the。
13.考查介词。句意:在参观过程中,记者们得以在黄鹤楼的顶层俯瞰城市景观,黄鹤楼
是历史悠久的著名塔楼之一。由后文的“journalists were able to overlook the city landscape
on the top floor of Yellow Crane Tower”可知,句子表示“在参观过程中,记者们得以在黄鹤楼的顶层俯瞰城市景观,黄鹤楼是历史悠久的著名塔楼之一”,空格处意为“在……期
间”,是during,位于句首,首字母大写。故填During。
14.考查最高级。句意:在参观过程中,记者们得以在黄鹤楼的顶层俯瞰城市景观,黄鹤
楼是历史悠久的著名塔楼之一。根据常识可知,黄鹤楼是最有名的塔楼之一,空格处用最
高级the most famous。故填the most famous。
15.考查不定式。句意:中央广播电视总台视频记者朱疏影表示:“我很高兴参加这个活动,
它让我的闭环生活变得更加丰富多彩。”be happy to do是固定短语,意为“很高兴做某
事”,因此空格处是不定式to participate。故填to participate。
16.考查定语从句。句意:中央广播电视总台视频记者朱疏影表示:“我很高兴参加这个活
动,它让我的闭环生活变得更加丰富多彩。”分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是定语从
句,从句中缺少主语,先行词activity是物,因此空格处用关系代词which/that引导限制性
定语从句。故填which/that。
17.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:自1月7日以来,这是北京2022年冬奥会组委会组织的
第19次在线采访,吸引了900多名中外记者。organizer是可数名词,此处不止一个,空格
处用复数。故填organizers。
18.考查过去式。句意:之前的主题包括参观故宫博物院了解文物修复技术,在山东曲阜
探索中国的仪式和音乐文化,在福建福州三坊七巷拥抱多样的“福”文化。由前面的
“Previous”可知,句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,空格处用过去式included。
故填included。
19.考查现在分词。句意:之前的主题包括参观故宫博物院了解文物修复技术,在山东曲
阜探索中国的仪式和音乐文化,在福建福州三坊七巷拥抱多样的“福”文化。空格处和
visiting,embracing是并列关系,因此空格处用动名词作宾语,故填exploring。
20.考查名词。句意:今年1月,Getty Images的Ian Whitbread在接受采访时表示,尽管
实行闭环管理,但这次在线之旅让他有机会感受中国传统文化的魅力,并更好地了解北京
和其他中国城市。空格处用名词作宾语,根据语境可知,句子表示“尽管实行闭环管理”,
空格处意为“管理”,名词是management,是不可数名词。故填management。
(2022·湖北武汉·模拟预测)
More and more urban tourists are interested in country vacations and it increases village and
farm incomes. Taking trips to destinations with fewer people and beautiful ____21____ (nature)
scenes has become a trend in China these days. Currently, major travel agencies are making
efforts in developing the rural tourism market, ____22____ (drive) by this new demand. They are
building high-end farm and village resorts that integrate with rural cultures nationwide
____23____ (attract) more travelers. The development of rural tourism also serves ____24____
an opportunity for farmers to start their own businesses.
____25____ urban tourists would like to pursue the most in rural trips are unique life and
cultural experiences. Apart from enjoying experiences, rural food, and cultural products are allimportant factors to draw ____26____ (they) attention. For instance, ____27____ online travel
agency launched a country fair in the village. Thus, travelers ____28____ (be) able to buy some
local agricultural products ____29____ (easy). Meanwhile, A big tourism company said its rural
tourism business has shown significant potential for future _____30_____ (grow) in the recent
three years. Rural tourism is the golden key and new engine to the rural development.
21.natural 22.driven 23.to attract 24.as 25.What 26.their 27.an 28.
were 29.easily 30.growth
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述越来越多的游客去人少景美的乡村旅游。
21.考查形容词。句意:去人少景美的目的地旅游已经成为近年来中国的一种趋势。分析
句子结构可知,后面有名词scenes,所以空格处要用形容词来修饰后面的名词,表示“自
然的”的意思。故填natural。
22.考查非谓语动词。句意:在这种新需求的驱动下,目前各大旅行社都在努力开发乡村
旅游市场。分析句子结构可知,动词drive和被修饰词major travel agencies是逻辑上的被动
关系,所以用过去分词形式,表示被动的意思。故填driven。
23.考查非谓语动词。句意:他们正在建设与全国农村文化相融合的高端农场和乡村度假
村,吸引更多的游客。分析句子结构可知,这里是要用动词不定式做目的状语。故填to
attract。
24.考查固定短语。句意:乡村旅游的发展也为农民创业提供了机会。分析句子结构可知,
这里考查固定短语serve as,表示“作为,充当”的意思。故填as。
25.考查主语从句。句意:城市游客在乡村旅游中最想追求的是独特的生活和文化体验。
分析句子结构可知, 5 urban tourists would like to pursue the most in rural trips是主
语从句,从句中缺少宾语,表示“什么”的意思。故填What。
26.考查代词。句意:除了享受体验,乡村食物和文化产品都是吸引他们注意力的重要因
素。分析句子结构可知,空格处要用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词attention,表示
“他们的”意思。故填their。
27.考查冠词。句意:例如,一家在线旅行社在村里举办了一个乡村集市。分析句子结构
可知,空格处要用不定冠词修饰后面的名词agency,表示“一个”的意思,空格后单词
online的第一个音素是元音音素,所以用an。故填an。
28.考查谓语动词。句意:因此,游客们可以很容易地买到当地的一些农产品。这句话描
述的是过去的事情,所以谓语用一般过去时,主语是travelers,所以be动词用were。故填
were。
29.考查副词。句意:见第8题详解。分析句子结构可知,这里需要副词修饰前面的动词
buy。故填easily。
30.考查名词。句意:与此同时,一家大型旅游公司表示,近三年来,其乡村旅游业务已
经显示出巨大的未来增长潜力。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要用名词,做介词for的宾
语,表示“增长”的意思。故填growth。
(2022·山东烟台·三模)In Chinese culture, tigers are considered the king of all beasts. They symbolize power,
energy, protection, ____31____ (generous) and unpredictability. Tigers are regarded as fearless
creatures, so that’s ____32____ in China you can see images of tigers on the walls of temples
and houses ____33____ (resist) disasters and danger.
Tigers have an important cultural significance not just in China, ____34____ across Asia.
As they ____35____ (most) live in Asia, they have become a cultural symbol of Eastern
countries for many westerners. For example, in the last century strong economies in the East—
Singapore, South Korea, China’s Taiwan and Hong Kong—____36____ (call) “The Four Asian
Tigers”.
Instead of tigers, lions are considered as the king of all beasts in the West. But in the West,
tigers are also seen as a very ____37____ (power) animal. In English, if you want someone to
calm down, you can say to them, “easy tiger”. Another famous phrase is: “Eye of the Tiger”,
____38____ means fierceness and strength.
China has its animal zodiac system, ____39____ (show) the connection, understanding and
respect that humans can have for animals. Just like tigers serve as a symbol of protection in
Chinese culture, we hope that in the Year of the Tiger more people can help protect them and their
habitats _____40_____ further destruction.
31.generosity 32.why 33.to resist 34.but 35.mostly 36.were called 37.
powerful 38.which 39.showing 40.from
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了虎在中西方文化的象征,并号召人们保护老虎和它们
的栖息地。
31.考查名词。句意:老虎象征着力量、活力、保护、慷慨和难以捉摸。分析句子可知,
空处与power,energy,protection和unpredictability为并列宾语,generosity“慷慨”为不可
数名词。故填generosity。
32.考查名词性从句。句意:人们认为老虎是无所畏惧的动物,所以在中国你能在寺庙和
房屋的墙壁上看到老虎图像,以此来抵御灾祸和危险。分析句子可知,“in China you can
see images of tigers on the walls of temples and houses 3 (resist) disasters and danger”
的原因是“Tigers are regarded as fearless creatures”,故用why“……的原因;为什么”引导
表语从句。故填why。
33.考查不定式。句意:人们认为老虎是无所畏惧的动物,所以在中国你能在寺庙和房屋
的墙壁上看到老虎图像,以此来抵御灾祸和危险。分析句子可知,“(resist) disasters and
danger”为目的状语,用不定式形式,故填to resist。
34.考查连词。句意:不仅在中国,老虎在整个亚洲都有重要的文化意义。not just…but
also“不仅……而且……”为固定短语,also可以省略,故填but。
35.考查副词。句意:由于老虎大多分布在亚洲,对许多西方人来说,老虎已经成为东方
国家的文化象征。修饰动词live用副词作状语,故填mostly。36.考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:例如,上个世纪,东方的强大经济体——新加
坡、韩国、中国香港和中国台湾——被合称为“亚洲四小龙”。分析句子可知,空处是谓
语,动词call与主语strong economics是被动关系,由时间状语in the last century可知,用
一般过去时,所以应用一般过去时的被动,主语是复数,故填were called。
37.考查形容词。句意:但在西方,老虎也被视为一种非常强大的动物。修饰名词用形容
词作定语,故填powerful。
38.考查定语从句。句意:另一个著名的短语是:“虎之眼”,这意味着凶猛和力量。分析
句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指代前面整个主句,从句中作主语,引导
非限制性定语从句用关系代词which,故填which。
39.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国有自己的生肖制度,这展示了人类与动物的联系,理解
和尊重。分析句子可知,空处是非谓语动词做后置定语,修饰animal zodiac system,且二
者之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作后置定语,故填showing。
40.考查介词。句意:正如老虎在中国文化中是一种保护的象征一样,我们希望在即将到
来的虎年,更多的人能够帮助保护老虎和老虎的栖息地免受进一步破坏。protect…
from…“保护……免受……”是固定短语,故填from。
(2022·浙江·慈溪中学模拟预测)
Emerging evidence in humans suggests a ____41____ (typical) Western high-fat, high-
sugar junk food diet can quickly weaken your brain's appetite control.
After offering volunteers a week-long binge (大吃大喝) of waffles, milkshakes and similarly
rich foods, researchers in Australia found young and healthy ones scored worse on memory tests
and experienced a ____42____ (great) desire to eat junk food, even when they were already full.
The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海马体)-a region of the brain
____43____ supports memory and helps to regulate appetite. When we are full, the hippocampus
is thought to quieten down our memories of delicious food, thereby ____44____ (reduce) our
appetite. When it’s interrupted, ____45____ control can be seriously damaged. Over the years,
extensive research on ____46____ (mouse) has found the function of the hippocampus is very
sensitive to junk food, but recently this has been observed only in young and healthy humans.
In 2017, after a week of Western-style breakfasts of ____47____ (toast) sandwiches and
milkshakes, researchers found participants performed worse on learning and memory tests which
are typically dependent ____48____ the hippocampus.
Now, in this latest study the scientists of the team ____49____ (find) that not only do such
high-fat, high-sugar diets impair memory in humans, but they appear to directly affect our ability
_____50_____ (control) our appetite.
41.typically 42.greater 43.that##which 44.reducing 45.the 46.mice 47.
toasted 48.on 49.has found 50.to control
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述人们新发现的证据显示典型的西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾
食品饮食会迅速削弱大脑的食欲控制。41.考查副词。句意:人类的新证据表明,典型的西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾食品饮食会迅速
削弱大脑的食欲控制。分析句意可知,typical修饰western,western是形容词,应用副词
typically修饰。故填typically。
42.考查形容词。句意:澳大利亚的研究人员为志愿者提供了为期一周的华夫饼、奶昔和
类似的丰富食物后,发现年轻健康的志愿者在记忆测试中得分更差,即使已经吃饱了,他
们也更渴望吃垃圾食品。根据句意可知,此处应使用great的比较级来指代他们的食欲增加。
故填greater。
43.考查关系词。句意:研究结果表明,海马体是大脑里的一个区域,里面中有一种特殊
的物质支持记忆,有助于调节食欲。分析句子结构可知,a region of the brain 是
hippocampus的同位语,此句的谓语是suggest,故supports是从句的谓语,先行词是
hippocampus,在从句中做主语,故填that或者which。
44.考查非谓语。句意:当我们吃饱时,海马体被认为可以平静我们对美味食物的记忆,
从而降低我们的食欲。分析句子结构可知reduce在句中应用非谓语动词作结果状语,应用
现在分词。故填causing。
45.考查冠词。句意:如果中断,这种控制可能会严重受损。根据上文可知,control是第
二次提及,故用定冠词the。故填the。
46.考查名词。句意:多年来,对老鼠的广泛研究发现,海马体的功能对垃圾食品非常敏
感,但最近仅在年轻和健康的人类中观察到这种情况。从句意可知,mouse应使用复数形
式。故填mice。
47.考查形容词。句意:2017年,在吃了一周的烤三明治和奶昔的西式早餐后,研究人员
发现参与者在学习和记忆测试中表现较差,而学习和记忆测试通常依赖于海马体。根据句
意可知,“烤三明治”是完成的状态,故用过去分词。故填toasted。
48.考查介词。句意:2017年,在吃了一周的烤三明治和奶昔的西式早餐后,研究人员发
现参与者在学习和记忆测试中表现较差,而学习和记忆测试通常依赖于海马体。根据固定
用法be dependent on,意为“依靠,依赖”。故填on。
49.考查动词时态。句意:现在,在这项最新的研究中,该团队的科学家们发现,这种高
脂肪、高糖的饮食不仅会损害人类的记忆力,而且似乎会直接影响我们控制食欲的能力。
根据句意可知,这项研究从过去到现在一直没有中断,而且有发现,对现在产生了影响,
应用现在完成时。故填has found。
50.考查不定式。句意:现在,在这项最新的研究中,该团队的科学家们发现,这种高脂
肪、高糖的饮食不仅会损害人类的记忆力,而且似乎会直接影响我们控制食欲的能力。
ability to do sth,是习惯性用法,意为“做某事的能力”。故填 to control。
(2022·江西·临川一中模拟预测)
A new way to restore Earth’s biodiversity—from the air
Every year, humans change 10 million hectares of land, and not for the better. Right now,
there is ____51____ much damaged land around the world that we need to fix this fast.
Fortunately, technology can help. Restoration is ____52____ enormous, complex challenge. Itcannot be done by ____53____ ( simple ) planting trees. We need to bring native ecosystems
back ____54____ life, which requires deep ____55____ ( ecology ) expertise. Until now, we
have been limited to poor copies, like vast plantations of a single kind of tree.
But drones (无人机) change that by allowing us ____56____ ( gather ) data and plant the
right mix of vegetation (植被) quickly. And the machine-learning ____57____ ( analyze )
enables us to monitor our restoration work. For example, in Australia, we’re using drone - based
planting and ecology - trained AI to restore thousands of hectares of land mined for coal. Many
native forests here in Australia ____58____ ( destroy ) by catastrophic bushfires over the last few
years. This means reduced food sources and safe habitats for koalas. A new project will accelerate
the restoration of thousands of hectares of koala forests.
With these technologies ____59____ ( combine ), we’re able to expand restoration from a
small island to an entire continent. We can return forests to land _____60_____ a mine used to
be, or recreate ecosystems like the one we’re hoping to restore on Lord Howe Island.
51.so 52.an 53.simply 54.to 55.ecological 56.to gather 57.analysis 58.
have been destroyed 59.combined 60.where
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一种从空气中恢复地球生物多样性的新方法。
51.考查固定搭配。句意:现在,世界上有太多受损的土地,我们需要尽快修复。so much
如此多的……,同时与后面的that构成so…that…如此……以至于,故填so。
52.考查冠词。句意:修复是一项巨大而复杂的挑战。challenge是可数名词,此处泛指一
个挑战,且enormous的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
53.考查副词。句意:光靠植树是做不到的。修饰动词短语planting trees用副词,作状语,
故填simply。
54.考查固定短语。句意:我们需要让本土生态系统恢复生机,这需要深厚的生态专业知
识。bring...back to life使……复活、恢复生机,故填to。
55.考查形容词。句意同上,修饰名词expertise用形容词,作定语,故填ecological。
56.考查不定式。句意:但无人机改变了这一点,它允许我们收集数据,并迅速种植正确
的植被组合。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事,故填to gather。
57.考查名词。句意:机器学习分析使我们能够监控我们的修复工作。此处缺少名词作主
语,表抽象意义,不可数,故填analysis。
58.考查时态语态。句意:在过去的几年里,澳大利亚的许多原生森林被灾难性的森林大
火所摧毁。native forests与destroy之间是被动关系,再结合时间状语over the last few years
可知用现在完成时的被动语态,故填have been destroyed。
59.考查with的复合结构。句意:结合这些技术,我们可以将修复工作从一个小岛扩大到
整个大陆。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构,technologies 与combine之间为逻辑上
的动宾关系,用过去分词表被动,故填combined。
60.考查地点状语从句。句意:我们可以让森林恢复到曾经有矿区的土地上,或者重建我
们希望在豪勋爵岛恢复的生态系统。空处引导地点状语从句,表示“在……的地方”,在从句中作表语,故填where。
(2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中模拟预测)
For just 2 hours a week, there’s a simple practice that could make you healthier. Over the
years, it’s becoming ____61____ (increasing) clear that spending time in nature is somehow
linked to healthier and happier lives. But while some ____62____ (physician) have literally
started “prescribing” (开药) doses of the natural world, like they will exercise, such practices are
far from established.
Researchers in the United Kingdom have now taken ____63____ small but important step
towards one of the most crucial, unanswered questions: How much time outdoors is enough?
Drawing on a nationwide survey of nearly 20,000 British adults from 2014 to 2016, the team
thinks they might have found a weekly “sweet spot” for nature exposure. “____64____ (compare)
to no nature contact last week, the likelihood of reporting good health became significantly greater
with contact over 120 minutes,” the authors conclude. The findings are supported by past research,
which has found that living in greener areas is associated with ____65____ (low) risks of
cardiovascular disease (冠心病), obesity, diabetes, mental distress, etc.
____66____, these results are still in their early development, and it remains unclear how
much exercise we humans truly need ____67____ (enjoy) the benefits. Participants in the last
study ____68____ (ask) how much nature they had experienced in the last seven days. Randomly
selecting just one of these “nature diary entries”:, the interviewer then asked for more details,
____69____ (include) how long the visit was, who they went with, and what they got up to.
Bringing together these responses, the authors found that individuals who spent less than two
hours in nature across the week reported health and well-being similar ____70____ those who
experienced no nature.
61.increasingly 62.physicians 63.a 64.Compared 65.lower 66.
However##Nevertheless 67.to enjoy 68.were asked 69.including 70.to
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出研究表明在大自然中度过的时光与更健康、更快乐的
生活有关。
61.考查副词。句意:多年来,越来越明显的是,花时间在大自然中与更健康、更快乐的
生活有某种联系。修饰后文形容词clear应用副词形式。故填increasingly。
62.考查名词的数。句意:但是,虽然一些医生已经开始给自然世界“开”剂量,就像他
们将要运动一样,这种做法还远未建立。physician“内科医生”是可数名词,被some修饰
应用其复数形式。故填physicians。
63.考查冠词。句意:英国的研究人员现在朝着一个最关键、最悬而未决的问题迈出了一
小步,但这是重要的一步:多长时间的户外活动才足够?step“步,步伐”是可数名词的单数
形式,此处表泛指,应用不定冠词修饰,且small的发音以辅音音素开头,应用a。故填
a。
64.考查非谓语动词。句意:作者总结道:“与上周没有接触自然相比,接触超过120分
钟的人报告健康状况良好的可能性大大增加。”分析可知,逗号前部分是状语,故空处用非谓语动词,compare和逻辑主语the likelihood of reporting good health 之间是被动关系,
应用过去分词。故填Compared。
65.考查比较级。句意:这一发现得到了过去研究的支持。过去的研究发现,生活在植被
更多的地区可以降低心血管疾病、肥胖、糖尿病和精神困扰等的风险。根据“living in
greener”可知,此处是指生活在植被更多的地区的人患病的风险更低,故应用形容词比较级
修饰名词risks。故填lower。
66.考查副词。句意:然而,这些结果仍处于早期发展阶段,我们人类真正需要多少锻炼
才能享受这些好处尚不清楚。上文提出生活在植被更多的地区患病的风险更低,此处说这
些结果仍处于早期发展阶段,因此上下文是转折关系,且有逗号隔开,应用however/
nevertheless连接。故填However/Nevertheless。
67.考查不定式。句意同上。结合句意和句子结构可知,此处表示目的,应用不定式。故
填to enjoy。
68.考查时态和语态。句意:在最后一项研究中,参与者被问及在过去7天里他们体验了
多少大自然。空处为主句谓语动词,主语participants和ask之间为被动关系,结合语境和
last study判断为一般过去时,且主语为复数。综上,故填were asked。
69.考查介词。句意:随机选择其中一篇“自然日记”,然后采访者询问更多的细节,包
括访问时间多长,他们和谁一起去,他们做了什么。结合句子结构和句意可知,此处应用
介词including,表示“包括”。故选including。
70.考查介词。句意:综合这些反应,作者发现,每周在大自然中待不到两小时的人报告
的健康和幸福感与那些没有经历过大自然的人相似。结合句意表达“与……相似”用be
similar to。故填to。
(2022·江苏·南京师大附中三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内
单词的正确形式。
There are certain things on the Earth that we must not lose. The great animal migration across
the Serengeti Plains or the towering pyramids of Egypt are such examples. Every country is proud
of ____71____ (it) cultural or natural heritage sites, ____72____ must be protected. We are
lucky to have UNESCO to oversee such an important task. It sees heritage as our legacy from
____73____past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to future generations as well as
sources____74____irreplaceable inspiration.
The incredible splendour of heritage sites is a ____75____ (remind) of the power of nature
and the genius of man. As a nature reserve, Jiuzhaigou Valley is home to snow-capped mountains,
thick forests, impressive waterfalls and lakes. This dream-like scenery makes us realize that nature
has____76____ (true) created a masterpiece. Similarly, standing in the shadow of the Borobudur
Temple, as the sun rises over this grand historic building, we____77____ (impress) with the
effort and determination of the people who ____78____(build) it with only primitive tools.
It is in heritage sites like this ____79____ we cannot help but be humbled, come to
understand our limitations as human beings, and know that our duty is to protect them forgenerations ____80____ (come).
71.its 72.which 73.the 74.of 75.reminder 76.truly 77.are impressed 78.
built 79.that 80.to come
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文化和自然遗产的意义,并重点介绍了九寨沟。
71.考查代词。句意:每个国家都为自己的文化或自然遗产感到自豪,这些遗产必须得到
保护。提示词作定语修饰名词heritage sites,用形容词性物主代词its,意为“它的”。故
填its。
72.考查定语从句。句意:每个国家都为自己的文化或自然遗产感到自豪,这些遗产必须
得到保护。分析句子可知,空格处为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词heritage sites,指物,
关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填
which。
73.考查冠词。句意:它认为遗产是我们过去留下来的遗赠物,是我们今天生活的东西,
是我们传给后代的东西,也是不可替代的灵感来源。the past为固定短语,意为“过往,昔
日”。故填the。
74.考查介词。句意:它认为遗产是我们过去留下来的遗赠物,是我们今天生活的东西,
是我们传给后代的东西,也是不可替代的灵感来源。分析句子可知,此处应用介词短语作
后置定语修饰名词sources,结合句意“灵感的来源”,应用介词of构成所属关系,表示
“……的……”。故填of。
75.考查名词。句意:令人难以置信的壮丽古迹提醒着人们自然的力量和人类的天才。结
合句意和空格前不定冠词a可知,应填入单数名词reminder作表语,意为“提醒物;引起
回忆的事物”。故填reminder。
76.考查副词。句意:这梦幻般的风景让我们意识到大自然真的创造了一幅杰作。提示词
作状语修饰动词created,应用副词形式truly,意为“真正地”。故填truly。
77.考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:同样,站在婆罗浮朵寺的阴影下,当太阳从这
座宏伟的历史建筑上方升起时,我们对建造它的人仅用原始工具做出的努力和决心印象深
刻。分析句子可知,impress(使铭记,使留下深刻印象)是主句谓语动词,与主语we之间是
被动关系,结合从句时态可知应用一般现在时态,又因主语we是复数代词,所以谓语动
词也应使用复数形式。综上,谓语动词应用一般现在时的被动语态,复数形式。故填are
impressed。
78.考查动词时态和语态。句意:同样,站在婆罗浮朵寺的阴影下,当太阳从这座宏伟的
历史建筑上方升起时,我们对建造它的人仅用原始工具做出的努力和决心印象深刻。分析
句子可知,build(建造)是定语从句中谓语动词,与主语who,即先行词people之间是主动
关系,根据句意可知应用一般过去时态。故填built。
79.考查强调句型。句意:正是在这样的遗产遗址中,我们不禁感到谦卑,认识到我们作
为人类的局限性,认识到我们的责任是为子孙后代保护它们。去掉It is和空处句子依然完
整,由此可知此处考查强调句,强调句结构为“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其它部分”,在强调句中,当被强调部分是人时,可以使用who代替that;本句中强调
的是原句中地点状语“in heritage sites like this”,应用that。故填that。
80.考查非谓语动词。句意:正是在这样的遗产遗址中,我们不禁感到谦卑,认识到我们
作为人类的局限性,认识到我们的责任是为子孙后代保护它们。分析句子可知,come(到
来)作后置定语修饰名词generations,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语generations之间是主动
关系,且“come”这一动作尚未发生,所以应用动词不定式作后置定语,表示尚未发生。
故填to come。