专题18定语从句(解析版)_3.2025英语总复习_2024年新高考资料_3.2024专项复习_[高考字典]2024年高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略(通用版)

高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略 专题 18 定语从句 目录 一 知识网络 定语从句的概念、关系词、非限制性定语从句和As引导的定语从句 二 考点考法 关系代词和关系副词 三 真题回顾 展现命题趋势，明确考试目标 四 真题训练 近几年高考定语从句专题训练 五 考情分析 定语从句是语法填空的常考点，非限制性定语从句是考查的重点。 六 模拟操练 再次巩固所掌握的知识点体系并能灵活应用 知识网络 定语从句 1.概念：在全句中作定语的从句 先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 关系词：引导定语从句的词。它有三个作用：1.引导定语从句 2.代表先行词 3.在从句中作句子成分 2. 关系词 a.关系代词 指人 1)作主语：I’m a scientist who/ that studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 2)作宾语：The girl (whom /who/ that) I met yesterday is called Jane. 3)作定语：I had a student whose creativity would infect others. 指物 1)作主语：I do not like the novels which/ that have unhappy endings. 2)作宾语：I’d like to see the car (which/that) you bought yesterday. 3)作定语：The house whose doors(=the doors of which /of which the doors) are green is my uncle’s. b.关系副词 1)作时间状语(先行词是时间)：July is the month when (=in which) nature’s berries are in abundance. 2)作地点状语(先行词是地点)：Upstairs he had a studio where (=in which) he painted a little. 3)作原因状语(先行词是reason)：This is the reason why (=for which) he was late for school. 4)作方式状语(先行词是way)：I don’t like the way that (= in which) you laugh at her. c.介词+关系代词 Here was someone with whom I could share my feelings. [=(whom /whom/that) I could... with] He has three children, two of whom are college students. (部分与整体) d.不能用that 1)非限制性定语从句：He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 2)直接位于介词后：These were all qualities for which I had once respected my elder brother. 3) people, those, one等指人时多用who：People who reach out to strangers feel good. e.只/多用 that 1)先行词包括人和物：They talked about the persons and things that most impressedthem. 2)序数词或最高级后： The first thing that should be done is to work out a plan. This is the best dictionary (that) I’ve ever used. 3) 指事物的不定代词后：Now all that was needed were the parents. 4)the only/very后的事物： They are thought to be the only insect that does this. The Bird’s Nest is the very place (that) you cannot miss when you visit Beijing. 5)who/which开头的问句中 Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English? Which is the house that caught fire last night? 3.非限制性定语从句 三个特点: 对先行词起补充说明作用；用逗号与主句分开; 不可由that引导。The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday. 适用情况 1)先行词是整个主句：Mary was late again, which made the teacher very angry. 2)先行词是专有名词：John likes rice, as opposed to Mary, who hates it. 3)先行词前有物主代词：His son, to whom he has been devoted, is living abroad. 4)先行词是一类人或事物：Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 4.As引导的定语从句 1)限制性：在such, as, the same后: This is the same person as came yesterday. 2)非限制性：As was expected, he performed the task with success. ［(不出所料) as作主语，谓语通常要有be］ 考点考法 关系词填空 1)关系代词 But Sarah, ______has taken part in shows, wants to prove… (答案为who) ...it is possible to have too much of both, _______ is not good ...(答案为which) ...made a study___________ showed a mere five to... (答案为that/which) 2)关系副词： ... goes back to my days, ______ I was the first Western TV reporter…(答案为 when) 真题回顾 1.(2023年全国甲卷) The form of the fable still has values today, 63 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 【解析】分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容。分析句意可知，此 处应表示“正如”，故填As。 2.(2023年全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America 64 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” 【解析】句意：曾经有一个位于美国中心的小镇，那里的所有生命似乎都与周围的环境和平共处-------。分 析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处引导定语从句，该从句对空前的内容进行修饰和限定，先行词 a town 为地点，且从句不缺少成分，因此用关系副词where引导该从句，故填where。 3. (2022 年新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.【解析】引导限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词 species指物，且先行词前由all修饰，只能用关 系代词that，故填that。 4. (2021全国新高考Ⅱ卷) I decided that if I learned of a company ___________ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back. 【解析】引导定语从句，从句中缺主语，先行词为company，故填that或which。 5. (2020全国Ⅰ卷) Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【解析】先行词为spot，在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。 6. (2020全国Ⅲ卷) In ancient China lived an artist _______ paintings were almost lifelike. 【解析】指这位画家的画作，先行词为artist，引导定语从句并在从句中作定语，故填whose。 7. (2020 新高考全国Ⅰ卷) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ____________ opened in 1759. 【解析】先行词为the British Museum，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词 which或that，故填which或 that。 8. (2020 新高考全国Ⅱ卷) The Digital World is a set of volumes ______________ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. 【解析】先行词为volumes，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。 9. (2019全国Ⅰ卷) Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _______ she opened with her late husband Les. 【解析】引导非限制性定语从句, 在从句中作opened的宾语，先行词为the pet shop，故用which。 10. (2019全国Ⅲ卷) They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals. 【解析】引导定语从句, 从句中缺主语, 先行词为masters，故填that/ who。 11. (2017全国Ⅲ卷) But Sarah, ______ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 【解析】非限制性定语从句，补充说明Sarah；先行词Sarah是人，在从句中作主语，故用who引导，故填 who。 12. (2016 全国Ⅰ卷) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _______ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【解析】非限制性定语从句，先行词是 the mid-1980s，并在从句中作时间状语，故用when。 考情分析 考情：定语从句是语法填空的常考点。特别是全国Ⅰ卷，几乎每年一题，必须重视。且非限制性定语从句 是考查的重点。 到目前为止，具体考点有： 1. 先行词是人时，用who。如语法填空第8和第9题。2. 先行词是物时，用which。如语法填空第2、5、6和第7题。 3. 当先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系，表示“……的”之意，用whose。如语法填空第4题。 4. 引导非限制性定语从句且指物用which，如语法填空第7题。引导非限制性定语从句且指人用who， 如语法填空第9题。 5. 先行词是表示时间或地点的词，在从句中作状语时，分别用 when和where。如语法填空第3和第10 题。 解法：首先判断是否为定语从句，是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句；然后看先行词是人、是物还 是整个主句；再看代表先行词的关系词在定语从句中作何种句子成分，最后再确定填哪个关系词。 模拟操练 语法填空：在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 1. (2023届江苏常州期中考试) She’s one of several artists interviewed __________ were unhappy to learn that pictures of their work were used without someone informing them. 【解析】引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词artists是人，用who或that。 2. (2023届江苏徐州期中考试) Stone-lifting and Tibetan chess are now among activities ____________ have been included in regional ethnic sports meets. 【解析】引导定语从句，修饰先行词activities，从句缺主语，先行词指物，用关系代词that或which。 3.According to statistics from the organizer, 157, 326 visitors attended the festival, many of ________ were hanfu- wearing enthusiasts (热衷者), called tongpao. 【解析】先行词是visitors, 因前面有介词, 只能用whom, 不能填that或who。of表示部分与整体的关系， many of whom=and many of them其中许多人。 4.He was selected from more than 60 candidates, all of ________ are from remote regions in Tibet. 【解析】指代先行词candidates (候选人)是人，紧跟在介词of后，只能填whom。all of whom相当于and all of them。 5.(2023届浙江杭州一模) Whales ___________ were able to quickly eat a lot of food survived, and got larger. 【解析】引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词whales指物，且在从句中作主语，故填that或which。 6.(2023届广西南宁摸底测试) Players ________ arrows failed to make the pot had to drink wine as a punishment. 【解析】指游戏者的箭，引导定语从句并在从句中作定语，故填whose。 7.(2023届河北保定期中测试) The bronze mask has struck the fancy of Chinese netizens, _______ comments on the hairstyle reminded them of the crown-shaped hat… 【解析】指中国网民的评论，引导定语从句并在从句中作定语，修饰comments，故填whose。 8. There are many great destinations in the UK, one of _______ is the South-West of England. 【解析】先行词是destinations，且位于介词of后，只能用关系代词which。one of which=and one of them， 故填which。 9.(2023届湖北黄冈期中测试) Then she needs to share her feelings in a diary ____________ will be handed in to her teacher. 【解析】引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词diary指物，故填which或that。 10. The paste is made into shapes ranging from simple to complex rounds, some of _______ are stuffed (塞满) withsweet fillings. 【解析】先行词shapes是物，又紧跟在介词(of)后，只能用which引导定语从句。some of which相当于and some of them，故填which。 11. Today the caves are just as international as they were at the time ________ people travelled the Silk Road. 【解析】先行词是at the time，且在从句中充当时间状语，故用when引导。意为“今天的洞窟和当时人们 走过丝绸之路时的洞窟一样国际化。”，故填when。 12. With it going on sale in China in October, it is now facing competition from many local brands, most of ______ have similar phones sold at much lower prices. 【解析】先行词brands是事物, 紧跟在介词后, 只能用which。介词of表示部分与整理的关系，most of which=and most of them，故填which。 13. In fact, IELTS is the only English language test ______ is accepted for immigration purposes by all countries that require one. 【解析】引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词 English language test指物且被the only修饰，关系代词 只能用that。 14. As the strongest animal selected by Chinese people, the dragon has the strongest power _______ helps it go to the Heaven and the Hell, and make cloud and rains. 【解析】引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词power指物，又受最高级修饰，故填that。 15. Researchers at a Massachusetts’ university are creating the first robot ______ can constantly change its shape according to the task it has to do. 【解析】引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，修饰先行词robot，且先行词被序数词修饰，故用that。 16. We’re often told to“eat a rainbow”and we aim for the very guideline ______ says the more colour a food has, the better it is. 【解析】修饰guideline (准则), 因先行词被the very修饰, 故只能用that。 17. (2023届广东广州阶段训练) The country is now home to 14 world natural heritage sites and four mixed sites, _______ are noted for both cultural and natural features. 【解析】引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词 14 world natural heritage sites and four mixed sites是物，故填which。注意：引导非限制性定语从句不能用that。 18. (2023届江苏连云港期中调研) Various types of stones were used from the Song Dynasty, ________led to a boom for seal carving. 【解析】引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子作主语，故填which。 19. (2023 届江苏镇江期中调研) At the opening ceremony, the 2008 Nobel Prize winner for literature French writer Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio, _______ had once visited Hangzhou, made an appearance through a video. 【解析】空格前有逗号，可判定是非限制性定语从句；从句缺主语，先行词Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio 是人，故填who。 20. Currently, the Chinese government in conjunction with the WWF are doing all ______ is possible to save the giant panda. 【解析】当先行词是指事物的不定代词all时，引导定语从句只能用that，故填that。21.[2023·广东省六校第一次联考]Gig workers, often referred to as independent contractors (承包人) or temporary workers, are those such as delivery drivers and online sales hosts ________ often enter into contracts with on-demand companies to provide services for their clients. 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为those，指人，空处在从句中作主语，故用关系 代词who。 22. (2023届山西吕梁阶段性测试) One creature ____________ shares the same habitat with the giant panda is the red panda. 【解析】引导定语从句并在从句中充当主语，先行词one creature是物，故填that或which。 23. (2023届广东大湾区一模) The Little New Year, ______ is also called the Minor New Year’s Day, usually falls roughly a week before the Lunar New Year. 【解析】引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词The Little New Year指物，故填which。 24. (2023届山东济南期中考试) More than 200 books were donated by Jinling Library, ________ cover fields such as ancient Chinese literature and art, history, culture and food. 【解析】引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是books，故填which。 25. (2023届四川泸州一诊) “I didn’t expect the small plant would change my life,” says Zhu, 35, ______ quit his job in 2014 and joined an organization, the Society of Entrepreneurs and Ecology Conservation. 【解析】引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词Zhu是人，故填who。 26. (2023届贵州遵义期中考试) “Chongqing people are really amazing,” said Du Hailang, ______ is the head of the Beijing Emergency Rescue Association, an organization founded in 2007 that has taken part in many overseas rescue operations. 【解析】引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词Du Hailang是人，故填who。 27. (2023届河南新乡一模) The Xi’an City Wall, ________ is a symbol of the history and culture of Xi’an, the capital of Shaanxi Province, has become an important city brand after continuous improvements. 【解析】引导非限制性定语从句，从句部分缺少主语，且先行词The Xi’an City Wall为物，故用which。 28. (2023 届广东汕头质检) She has been working as a tour guide and vendor (小贩) in Yangshuo since 1998, _______ the area became famous with foreign backpackers and organized tours. 【解析】先行词是1998，在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when引导，意为：自1998年以来，她一直在阳 朔做导游和小贩，当时该地区因外国背包客和组织旅游而闻名，故填when。 29. (2023届广东佛山顺德质检) Wu was born on May 31, 1912, in Liuhe town, Taicang, ________the Yangtze River flows into the East Sea. 【解析】先行词是地点名词Liuhe town, Taicang，引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。 30. (2023 届辽宁沈阳期中考试) The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海马体)—a region of the brain _____________ supports memory and helps to adjust appetite. 【解析】引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词hippocampus指物，用which或that。 31. (2023 届浙江湖州联考) To explain the decision, mayor Kirk Caldwell said, “Unfortunately, we hold the honour of being a major city __________ more pedestrians (行人) are hit in crosswalks than almost any other city in the country.”【解析】引导定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，空格处用关系副词，先行词 city是地方，故用关系副词 where。 32.[2023·江西重点中学协作体联考]Nowadays an increasing number of people in various parts of China have begun to celebrate their flower festival again, some of ________， dressed in hanfu, a type of traditional Chinese costume, perform a series of ceremonies. 【解析】分析句子结构可知， “Nowadays...again”是一个完整的句子， 后面是“不定代词＋of＋关系代 词”引导的定语从句。该从句的先行词是people, 空前有some of , 故关系代词只能用whom。 33. (2023 届重庆 11 月调研) Second, the social networking website creates an environment, ______ you are allowed to interact easily with others: You can share your photos, videos, links and thoughts, and respond to what they share in turn. 【解析】引导定语从句并在从句中作状语，先行词是地点名词environment，故用where。 34. In places such as Hong Kong…the English phrase often replaces the Chinese characters, and this is the reason ________ the phrase has been added to the dictionary. 【解析】先行词是the reason，且在定语从句中充当状语时，用 why引导定语从句。建议将 the reason why… (……的原因) 作为一个整体来记忆，故填why。 35. (2023届浙江湖州、丽水、衢州质检) What makes something a sport? Traditional definitions usually included some physical activity ____________ shows athletic ability or strength. 【解析】引导限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词some physical activity是物，故用关系代词which 或that。 36. I believe, this is an important reason _____ I’m able to make progress in learning English. 【解析】在reason后用why引导的定语从句，表示“……的原因”，故填why。 37.[2023·福州高三起点调研]By the time of the Ming Dynasty, people could use the abacus in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, ________ were widely used for calculating the weight, amount, space and volume. 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为addition, subtraction, multiplication and division，空处在从句中作主语，所以填which。 38. ______ one researcher who is working on the project explains, “Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself.” 【解析】表示“正如……所说”，用As，引导定语从句并在从句中作explains的宾语，替代后面引号中的 整个句子，故填As。 39.[2023·嘉兴市高三基础测试]After each cycle of trading, companies ________ have leftover carbon allowances (限额) can sell them to others. 【解析】根据语境并分析句子结构可知，该空引导定语从句修饰先行词 companies，先行词指物，该空在 定语从句中作主语，故应填that/which。 40.[2023·山东省实验中学模拟]The app does this by monitoring their time ________the users go to sleep, which means that you will feel less sleepy when you wake up every morning. 【解析】句意：该应用程序通过监测用户睡觉的时间来实现这一点，这意味着每天早上醒来时你会感觉不那么困了。分析句子结构可知，此处“________ the users go to sleep”是限定性定语从句，先行词是time， 指时间，从句缺少时间状语，故填when。 41.[2023·丽水、湖州、衢州市质量检测]What makes something a sport? Traditional definitions usually included some physical activities ________ show athletic ability or strength. 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示物的名词短语physical activities，关系词在 从句中作主语，所以空处填which/that。 42.[2023·湖南省高三联考]The character “three” is shaped like a book, ________ represents the long historical tradition of Rong Bao Zhai. 【解析】分析句子结构可知，该空引导非限制性定语从句，且空处在定语从句中作主语，指代主句“The character ‘three’ is shaped like a book”，故填which。 43.[2023·青岛市高三调研]Instead of an economy of the typical take-make-dispose model, ChopValue seeks to create one ________ transforms waste into a usable resource. 【解析】分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词one，且在从句中作主语，所以填that。one 为不定代词，其后定语从句不宜用which引导，故填that。 44.[2023·湖南省第二次合检测]The reason ________ this traditional flatbread happening to be popular among the ethnic groups here lies in its being easy to bake, store and transport. 【解析】句意：这种传统的大饼之所以能在这里的少数民族中流行，是因为它易于烘烤、储存和运输。分 析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作原因状 语，表示“由于这个原因”，应使用关系副词why引导该定语从句，故填why。 45.[2023·湖南省第二次合检测]Wherever you go in Xinjiang, whether north or south of the Tianshan Mountains, you'll notice small stands ________some crispy and delicious nang is sold. 【解析】句意：在新疆，无论你走到哪里，无论是在天山的北边还是南边，你都会看到一些卖酥脆可口的 馕的小摊。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 stands，关系词代替先行词在定语从句 中作地点状语，表示“在这些小摊上”，应使用关系副词where引导该定语从句，故填where。 46.[2023·辽宁省五校联考]Shaxian snacks is a shining example of Chinese food chain brands, ________ most likely include foods such as steamed dumplings, noodles and huntun. 【解析】分析句子结构可知，此句为一个非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主 语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。 47.[2023·郴州市第一次质量监测]The government has also introduced a new proposal in order to limit the amount of after-school education kids can attend, especially during holidays and festivals, ________ kids should be having fun. 【解析】句意：政府还提出了一项新的建议，以限制孩子们可以参加的课外教育的数量，特别是在假期和 节日期间，孩子们本应该享受乐趣。分析句子可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 holidays and festivals，在从句中作时间状语，要用关系副词when引导，故填when。 48.[2023·济南名校高三交流联考]Project Hope, launched by the China Youth Development Foundation in 1989, is committed to sending poor children to schools, and has made a difference in the lives of 6 million students from poor families nationwide over the past three decades, among ________ is Su.【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处考查“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。又因此处先行词指人， 故填whom。 49.[2023·浙江镇海中学考前模拟]Last year, Cambridge University Library announced that two of Charles Darwin's notebooks had been missing from their collection, one of ________ contains Darwin's “Tree of Life” sketch. 【解析】句意：去年，剑桥大学图书馆宣布，查尔斯·达尔文的两本笔记本从他们的收藏中丢失了，其中一 本里有达尔文的“生命之树”素描。分析句子结构可知，空处指代“two of Charles Darwin's notebooks”， 因此空后是“不定代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是物，故填which。 50.[2023·潍坊市高考模拟]The six greatest 18th-century carved marble (大理石) sculptures in the East Sculpture Hall ________ sustained the most damage will receive conservation treatment. 【解析】句意：受损最严重的东方雕塑馆的6座18世纪最伟大的大理石雕塑将接受保护处理。分析句子结 构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词 sculptures是物，且被最高级greatest修饰， 因此空格处用关系代词that，故填that。 51.[2023·南京市考前训练题一]An additional reason ________ it can be so desirable is that it tends to come from resources that are free. 【解析】句意：它如此可取的另一个原因是，它往往来自免费的资源。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定 语从句，修饰先行词reason，在从句中做原因状语，故填why。 52.[2023·南京六校高三联合调研]The letter was one of the earliest documents on record ________ mentioned tofu in the West. 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词指物，且因为先行词中含有形 容词最高级，故空处只能填关系代词that。 53.[2023·江苏省连云港市模拟二]In the US, Diane Ott Whealy and her husband founded Heritage Farm, a place ________ people can store and trade seeds. 【解析】句意：在美国，黛安·奥特·惠里和她的丈夫创立了传统农场，人们可以在这里储存和交易种子。 分析句子结构可知，先行词是place，指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。 54.[2023·河北省张家口市一模]This story about self-respect and self-love, ________ characters are Chinese, is set in Europe. 【解析】句意：这个关于自尊和自爱的故事，主人公是中国人，故事发生在欧洲。此处考查非限定性定语 从句的关系词，先行词为This story，先行词与characters为所属关系，设空处应用关系代词 whose，后接 characters，表示“故事的”，故填whose。 55.[2023·威海市高考模拟]The first space launch led to the first human space flight, ________ led to the first moonwalk. 【解析】句意：第一次太空发射引领了第一次人类太空飞行，这引发了第一次月球行走。分析句子结构， 空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子which。 56.[2023·泰安市全真模拟]The Double Ninth Festival is also a time ________ the chrysanthemum (菊花) blooms. 【解析】句意：重阳节也是菊花盛开的时节。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，先行词time 是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when。