专题14谓语(解析版)_3.2025英语总复习_2024年新高考资料_3.2024专项复习_[高考字典]2024年高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略(通用版)

高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略 专题 14 谓语 知识网络 一．各种时态 1.一般现在时： 用法： 1）目前的状况：We are still young. 我们还年轻。 2）经常或习惯动作：I never sit up late into the night. 3）真理或客观存在： Two heads are better than one. 4）时间、条件状语从句表将来：If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go. 构成： 1）一般加s：attack, donate, occur, recover, respond, clap, escape, ache, survive 2）以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾加es：focus, fix, flash, approach, attach, go, do 3）辅音字母+y结尾，y→ies：study, carry, fly, worry, apply, fancy 4）特殊变化：have→ has, be→ am/is/are 2.一般过去时 用法：1) a.在过去确定时间里存在的状态：At that time he was young. b.在过去确定时间里发生的动作: He came here three days ago. 2) 在过去某个时间内经常发生的事：We often went boating when we were children. 3) 时间、条件状语从句表示过去将来：He telephoned me to say that he wouldn’t come if it rained the next day. 构成：1)一般直接加ed：want, work, clean, attack, crash, prevent, deliver 2)结尾有e(不发音)只加d：survive, tie, donate, breathe, escape, ache 3)读闭音节，双写尾字母再加ed：jog, hug, chat, refer, occur 4)辅音字母+y结尾，y→ied：study, marry, apply, fancy 3.一般将来时 用法：1)在将来某个时间里会发生的动作或存在的状态：The guides will entertain you with stories. 2)按时刻表或日程表上将要做的事：When does the plane arrive? 构成：1)be going to+原形：We’re going to meet outside the school gate. 2)am/is/are +现在分词：I’m leaving for Shanghai tonight. 3)be to +原形(公务安排或必须做的事)：He is to visit Japan next year. 4)be about to+原形(即将)：That package is about to come unwrapped. 4.过去将来时 用法：1)在过去某个时间看来，将要发生的动作或存在的状态 构成：1)would +原形：She told me she probably would come. 2)was /were +现在分词：She told me she was coming to see me. 3)was /were going to+原形：We focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.5.现在进行时 用法：表示正在进行的动作或发生的事情：I am translating a book these days. 构成：am /is /are +现在分词 现在分词：1)一般加ing：reflect, apply, suffer, prevent, deliver 2)去e加ing：explore, bite, hesitate, breathe, escape 3)双写末字母加ing：quit, permit, chat, refer, occur 6.过去进行时 用法：表示在过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的事：I was doing my lessons this time yesterday. 构成: was/were+现在分词 7.将来进行时 用法：表示在将来某时正在进行的动作：By this time tomorrow, I’ll be lying on the beach. 构成：will be +现在分词 8.现在完成时 用法： 1)表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果。常与 already, yet, ever, never, before, just, once, twice, three times等连用 2)表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在并可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。常与“for+时间 段”, “since+时间点”，以及in/ over the past few years, in the last three years, so far, till now, up to now, these days等连用 构成: have/has +过去分词 He has already obtained a scholarship. Great changes have taken place in my village since 1978. 9.过去完成时 用法：1)表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去” 2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，并且还要继续下去的动作或状态 构成: had +过去分词 When I got there, the train had already left. He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 10.现在完成进行时 用法：表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，并且还要继续下去的动作或状态 构成: have /has been +现在分词 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years. 二．被动语态 概念：1)主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。如：We study English every day. 2)被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。如：English is studied all over the world. 构成: be(体现时态) + 过去分词 a.一般现在时构成：am /is /are +过去分词：Rice is grown in South China. b.一般过去时构成：was/were +过去分词：She was asked to sing a song. c.一般将来时构成：will be/going to be +过去分词：The conference will be held in Beijing.d.过去将来时构成：would be +过去分词：He knew he would be punished for it. e.现在进行时构成：am /is /are being +过去分词：The road is being widened. f.过去进行时构成：was /were being +过去分词：The road was being repaired then. g.现在完成时构成：have /has been +过去分词：All the tickets have been sold out. h.过去完成时构成：had been +过去分词：All the tickets had been sold out when I arried. i.含情态动词构成：情态动词+ be +过去分词：More space stations may be built. 三．情态动词的用法 1.can 和could的用法 1)表能力“能，会”：I can answer the question. 2)表请求“能，可以”：Can you help me with it? 3)表允许“能，可以”：Can I read your newspaper? 4)提建议“可以”：You can ask Mr Li about it. 5)表可能性“可能”：What can they be doing? 2.may和might的用法 1)表允许：You may come if you wish. 2)表可能：This coat may be Peter’s. 3)表祝愿：May you succeed! 3.must 的用法 1)表必要“必须”：I must study hard. 2)表坚持“偏要，非要”：Must you make so much noise? 3)表不可避免“必定会”：All men must die. 4)表推断“一定，准是”：You must be tired after your long walk. 4.shall的用法 1)在疑问句中征求意见(主语是I, we, he)：Shall he wait for you outside? 2)表示说话者给对方的承诺、警告等：You shall have a new dress for your birthday. 3)表示强制，意为“必须，应该”：Each competitor shall wear a number. 5.should的用法 1)表示责任或义务：He should work harder. 2)表示推断“可能，该”：He should arrive soon. 3)表示“竟然”：It’s strange that he should be late. 4)表示不感兴趣、惊讶：How should I know? 5)表示“一旦”(条件句)：If I should be free tomorrow, I’ll come. 6.will和would 的用法 1)表示愿意：He will take you home. 2)表示请求：Will/Would you go with me? 3)表示真理“总是”：Oil will float on water.4)表示过去的习惯：He would get up early when he lived in the country. 5)表示要求“一定”：You will report to me afterwards. 6)表示目前情况的预测“一定，大概”：This will be the house you’re looking for. 四．表过去情况的推测的用法 1)must have done sth 一定已经做了某事：I must have forgotten to tell you. 2)might /may have done sth 可能已经做了某事：She may have left yesterday. 3)ought to /should have done sth 应当已经做了某事：He should have finished the work by now. 3)cannot /couldn’t have done sth 不可能做了某事：They cannot have gone out because the light is on! 4)can/could+主语+ have done sth 可能做了某事吗？：The money has disappeared! Who could have taken it? 5)could have done 本可以做而实际上未做：You could have started a little earlier. 6)might have done 本可以做而实际上未做：You might have done it better that day. 7)needn’t have done 本不必做但却做了：You needn’t have said that. 8)ought to/should have done 本该做而实际上没做：You should have told us earlier. 9)ought not to /shouldn’t have done 本不该做而实际上做了：You oughtn’t to have spoken to your teacher like that. 五．主谓一致 谓语动词在人称和数方面要和主语保持一致 基本概念: 谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语的单复数保持一致 一）主谓一致的三个原则: a.语法一致 概念：谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语的单复数保持一致 例句： 1. 谓语与主语的数一致：We take exercise every day. /Tom takes exercise every day. 2. 主语是“many a/an +单数名词”，谓语用单数：Many a person has read the novel. 3. 主语是“more than +单数名词”，谓语用单数：More than one teacher gets the flowers. 4. 主语是“neither +单数名词”, 谓语用单数：Neither boy is to blame. 5. 主语是复合不定代词, 谓语用单数：Everything around us is matter. b.意义一致 概念: 谓语动词要和主语在意义上的单复数保持一致 例句： 1. 主语是people, the police, cattle等, 谓语用复数: Cattle eat grass. 2. 主语是family, audience, crew, crowd, class, group, company, committee等时，强调整体是单数，强调各 个成员时是复数：The class were /was interested in his lecture. 3. 主语是“the+形容词或分词”， 如the rich, the poor, the dead, the living, the injured等表示某一类 人时，谓语用复数：The rich are not always happier than the poor. 4. 主语是the Chinese (中国人), the British (英国人), the Irish (爱尔兰人)等时，谓语用复数：The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks.5. 主语是表示时间、金钱、重量、长度、价值等的复数名词，通常把它们看作一个整体，谓语用单数： Ten pounds is enough./Thirty years isn’t a long time. 6. 主语形式是复数但意义却是单数的news, plastics和表示学科的mathematics, physics, politics等时，谓语 用单数：Mathematics is her favorite subject. 7. 主语是单复数同形的sheep, deer, means, works (工厂), species (种类)等，要与实际意义一致：Every means has been tried./ All possible means have been tried. c.就近一致 概念：谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致 1.There be结构 There is a pen and several books on the desk. There are several books and a pen on the desk. 2.平行结构Either you or I am wrong. Either you or she is wrong. 3.here, there引导： Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 二）主谓一致的12个难点: 1. 动名词、不定式、从句作主语，谓语用单数： Remembering English words is difficult./ What he says is important. 2. each of+复数名词，谓语动词用单数： Each of us has a new computer. 3. either /neither of+复数名词，谓语动词用单数或复数：Neither of the texts is /are interesting. 4. none of +不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数：None of the money here is mine. none of +复数名词或代词, 谓语用单数或复数：None of them speak(s) English. 5. half/most/all/the rest/thirty percent/one third of+名词，谓语动词与of后的名词的数保持一致：The rest of the bread was thrown away. /The rest of the eggs have gone bad. 6. 指同一人、同一物、同一概念的并列结构，谓语动词用单数：The poet and writer is coming to our school tomorrow. 7. 有no, each, every, many a修饰的并列单数主语，谓语动词用单数形式：Each boy and each girl has a beautiful dream. 8. one of +复数名词+who.... 谓语动词用复数：She is one of the students who have passed the exam. the only one of +复数名词+who... 谓语动词用单数：She is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 9. a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数: A number of foreigners are working in China. the number of +复数名词，谓语动词用单数：The number of foreign visitors is increasing. 10. a quantity of+名词，谓语与所接名词的数一致：A large quantity of nuts are on the table. quantities of+名词，谓语一律用复数：Large quantities of fuel are used by modern industry. 11. A + with/together with/along with/ like/ except/but/no less than/as well as +B,谓语与 A一致：The teacher, together with some students, has gone to a nursing home. 12. all指the only thing或everything时, 是单数：All I want is peace and quiet. 六．虚拟语气 1.用过去式表示a.If引导的虚拟条件句 现在：If I were you, I should take my time. 过去：If he had worked hard, he would have succeeded. 将来：If it rained /were to rain /should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. b.含蓄虚拟条件句 Without air, no one could live./ But for his pension, he would starve. It’s lucky that he bounded away, otherwise he would have been hurt. If it were /Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. If it hadn’t been for your help, I wouldn’t have made so much progress. c.错综时间条件句 You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. d.wish后的宾语从句 现在: I wish I had a house in Guangzhou, but I can’t afford one. 过去: I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time. 将来: I wish he could come tomorrow. e.if only后的句子 现在：If only I were rich. 过去：If only I had listened to your advice! 将来：If only it would stop raining soon. f.would rather后的句子 现在：I’d rather you were happy. 过去：I’d rather you hadn’t said that. 将来：I would rather you came next Sunday. g.as if/though后的句子 现在：Mr Li treats me as if I were his own son. 过去：He behaved naturally as if nothing had happened. 将来：It isn’t as if you were going away for ever. 2.用(should+)动词原形表示 一个坚持: He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts. (坚持要) 比较：She insisted that he was wrong. (坚持认为) 两个命令: The mayor ordered that free food be distributed. He commanded that the soldiers attack at once. 三个建议: I recommended that he(should) consult a lawyer. The doctor advised that he change his job. The dentist suggested that she (should) come another day. 比较：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money. (表明) 四个要求:She asked that she (should) be kept informed of development. We requested that the next meeting (should) be held on Friday. The situation required that he (should) be present. The boss demanded that Mary (should) finish it within a week. 主语从句中: It is necessary that he (should) come to the office. It’s natural that you should be nervous. It is vitally important that they receive all the help available. 七.谓语的考点及考法 1.时态 1)时状明示 Since 2011, the country ___________(grow) more corn than rice. (答案为has grown) 2)前后一致 When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad..., the huge animal _______(mean) me no real harm. (答案为meant) 3)并列一致 Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ______ (be) too violent for use at the table. (were与would并列,答案为were ) 4)主谓一致 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ____ (be) often acceptable. （答案为is） 2.语态 1)主谓一致 Sarah_________________________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. (答案为was told /has been told) 2)情后原形 Truly elegant chopsticks might _________ (make) of gold and silver. (答案为be made) 真题回顾 语法填空:在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1.(2023年全国Ⅱ卷) As a little girl, I ___65___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【解析】句意: 作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后能成为一名动物园管理员。根据前面的时间状语 As a little girl 可知,希望长大后能成为一名动物园管理员是过去的动作，故填wished。 2.(2023 年全国乙卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____67____ (amaze) by the co- existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【解析】句意:在过去的十年里，我参观了几次，我对新旧共存和一个城市如何在不断发展的同时能够保留 着这么丰富的遗产感到惊讶。.be amazed by---- 对-------感到惊讶，故填was amazed。 3.(2023年全国乙卷·70) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____70_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【解析】分析句子成分可知，设空处为主句的谓语，主语为The remarkable development of this city，是第 三人称单数，因此设空处应用一般现在时的单数形式，故填means 。4. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas. 【解析】分析句子成分可知，设空处为定语从句的谓语，先行词为areas，再根据“previously (以前，先 前)”可知，动作发生在过去，因此设空处应用一般过去时或现在完成时的复数形式，故填 were或have been。 5. (2022 年新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP ____________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of“protecting the authenticity (原真) and integrity of natural ecosystems… The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity… 【解析】因主语The GPNP与动词design之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态，be designed to do sth也可看作固 定搭配(目的是做某事；被设计用于做某事)；此处陈述客观事实，且由下一句中的is也可得知用一般现在 时，主语为单数，故填is designed。 6. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷) Henry ___________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 【解析】此处为be doing sth when sb did sth句型，意为“正在做某事，这时某人(突然)做某事”，此处描 述过去的事情，故填was fixing。 7. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷) He quickly ________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 【解析】与空后的started构成并列关系，故应用一般过去时，故填threw。 8. (2022年全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro. 【解析】由时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，故填has walked。 9. (2021全国甲卷) It (The Xi’an City Wall) __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 【解析】因主语It (The Xi’an City Wall)与build是被动关系，故用被动语态；又由后文的the Tang Dynasty 可知，用一般过去时，故填was built。 10. (2021全国甲卷) We _______ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. 【解析】结合上下文的时态可知，此处用一般过去时，故填hired。 11. (2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷) What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【解析】由then可知，此处应用一般过去时，表示过去的人搬石头做台阶很艰难，故填was。 12. (2021全国新高考Ⅱ卷) I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ______ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. 【解析】结合上文的时态可知，此处用一般过去时，又因主语companies被one of修饰，故用单数形式， 故填was。 13. (2020 全国Ⅰ卷)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— _________ (touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 【解析】由时间状语last week可知，应用一般过去时，故填touched。 14. (2020全国Ⅰ卷) “This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,“becauseit _______ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ______________ (construct).” 【解析】结合语境和上文的This really excites scientists可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；且主 语为it，为第三人称单数，故填means； 此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，从句主语the moon和construct之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且 the moon为单数，谓语应用第三人称单数形式，故填is constructed。 15. (2020全国Ⅱ卷) This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ________ (carry) special significance. 【解析】此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；从句的主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，谓语应用第三人称单数形式，故填carries。 16. (2020全国Ⅲ卷) The artist was sure he would ____________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. 【解析】从句主语he和choose之间为被动关系，且位于情态动词would后，故填be chosen。 17. (2020全国Ⅲ卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇 的)artist, they smiled and _________ (point) down the river. 【解析】根据上文谓语动词的时态，且设空处与and前的smiled并列，可知用一般过去时，故填pointed。 18. (2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759. 【解析】根据上下文谓语动词的时态可知，应用一般过去时，故填formed。 19. (2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The parts of a museum open to the public ___________ (call) galleries or rooms. 主语parts为可数名词复数，与call之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；且此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在 时，故填are called。 20. (2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ____ (be) on display. 【解析】此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“a part of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后的名 词是单数还是复数，由collection为单数可知，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is。 21. (2020新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Because the number of possible topics ___ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. 【解析】the number of (……的数目)后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数。根据下文谓语动词的时态可 知，用一般现在时，故填is。 22. (2020新高考全国Ⅱ卷)…we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers __________________ (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume. 【解析】主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。根据上文谓语动词的时态可知，用一 般现在时，故填are encouraged。 23. (2019 全国Ⅰ卷) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ______________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements. 【解析】由时间状语in recent years可知，此处用现在完成时态，故填have reported。 24. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene _________ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. Irene said…【解析】由后文的had和said 可知，本句应用一般过去时，故填declared。 25. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ____________(make) over the years…” 【解析】由时间状语over the years可知，此处应用现在完成时态，故填have made。 26. (2019 全国Ⅲ卷) Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ______________ (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. 【解析】因and连接两个并列谓语动词，时态应保持一致，故填recommended。 27. (2018 全国Ⅱ卷) Since 2011, the country ___________(grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years. 【解析】由Since 2011可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间(2011年)开始，一直持续到现在的动作， 强调对现在造成的影响或结果(玉米种植量比水稻多)，故用现在完成时，且主语country是单数名词，故用 has grown。 28. (2018 全国Ⅲ卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal _______ (mean) me no real harm. 【解析】由frightened和was可知，mean也用一般过去式，故填meant。 29. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) Steam engines ____________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly 【解 析】unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success… 【解析】因Steam engines与use是被动关系，又是过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复 数，故填were used。 30. (2017全国Ⅲ卷) Sarah ______________________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. 【解析】由tell sb sth可知要用被动语态，由语境可知，应是“已有人告诉她”或“曾有人告诉她”，故用 现在完成时或一般过去时的被动语态，故填has been told/was told。 31. (2016全国Ⅱ卷)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ____ (be) often acceptable. 【解析】动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填recommended。 32. (2016全国Ⅲ卷) Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________ (be) too violent for use at the table. 【解析】因be与would remind并列，根据并列一致原则，be也用过去式；又因主语knives是复数，故填 were。 33.(2015全国Ⅰ卷) Yangshuo ____(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 【解析】指目前的状态或客观存在的状态，用一般现在时，下句谓语动词names是一般现在时，也有提示 作用；主语 Yangshuo是第三人称单数，故填is。 考情分析考情：谓语在高考中不但每年必考而且是考查的重点，考1~2题。主要考查：（1）动词时态，主要是上下 文时态一致和并列一致；（2）被动语态；（3）主谓一致。 解法：1. 要弄清全文是叙述过去发生了的事还是客观地讲述目前的情况，特别留意上下文的时态，因为上 下文时态一致是考查的重点，并列一致一定要弄清跟谁并列。 2. 要分析主语与谓语动词之间是主动关系还是被动关系。被动语态一定是“助动词be+过去分词”；主动 语态，若是行为动词且不是进行时，不能用be。 3. 主谓一致主要是找准主语。 模拟操练 语法填空:在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1. (2023届广东汕头质检) “More and more foreign tourists ____________ (come) to Yangshuo, and I hope they will feel at home here with my help,” she said. 【解析】分析句子可知，在and并列的第一个分句中缺谓语，结合句意可知，表示“正在到来”，应用现 在进行时，故填are coming。 2. (2023届广东广州调研测试) Peking Opera is demanding because of the extensive list of skills it _________ (require). 【解析】主语为it，谓语动词用第三人称单数；由本句时态可知，用一般现在时，故填requires。顺便一 提，此处为省略that的定语从句，故填requires。 3. (2023届浙江湖州、丽水、衢州质检) The word eSports ____ (be) short for electronic sports. 【解析】叙述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为单数，故填is。 4. (2023届江苏镇江期中调研) He recited Chinese ancient poet Li Bai’s poem Southern Maiden in French and ___________ (express) his eagerness to travel to China. 【解析】由与之并列的recited可知，此处也应用一般过去时，故填expressed。 5. (2023 届广东大湾区一模) Above all, Chinese Little New Year suggests a new year with a new image and __________ (express) the good wishes of Chinese people to ring out the Old Year and ring in the New Year. 【解析】分析句子成分可知，本句中的and连接两个并列的谓语动词；第一个是suggests，意为“表明”， 时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数；第二个即设空处动词express，也应用一般现在时，主语也是第 三人称单数，故填expresses。 6. (2023 届江苏盐城期中考试) After more than 10 years of pollution control and management, it _________ (pass) the evaluation by the Ministry of Water Resources in 2020. 【解析】由in 2020可知，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填passed。 7. (2023届山西大同二调) A decade ago, the arrival of tree planters _________ (catch) Hua’s attention. 【解析】由时间状语A decade ago可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填caught。 8. (2023届四川泸州一诊) Now, Zhu ____ (be) the head of the project to battle against desertification (沙漠化). He also gives lectures about the fight against desertification. 【解析】由空前的Now及下句的谓语动词gives可知，用一般现在时，故填is。 9. (2023届广西南宁摸底测试) This Chinese custom _____________ (become) a game of the world already.【解析】由句中的already可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has become。 10. (2023 届江苏无锡期中调研) Brahm himself is a kungfu lover who _______________________________ (devote) himself to the practice for more than 40 years. 【解析】由for more than 40 years可知，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时(强调现在依然在做)，故填has devoted/has been devoting。 11. (2023届江苏镇江期中调研) “Focus On Zhejiang” International Cultural Exchange Activity, jointly sponsored by Information Office of Zhejiang Provincial Government and Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, ______________ (hold) consistently for three years. 【解析】由时间状语 for three years 可知，应为现在完成时，结合主语 International Cultural Exchange Activity和动词hold为被动关系，故填has been held。 12. (2023届山西吕梁阶段性测试) While exact population numbers are unknown, researchers estimate that red pandas _______________ (decline) by 50% in the last 18 years. 【解析】由时间状语in the last 18 years可知，用现在完成时，故填have declined。 13. (2023届吉林一调) In June, Shaanxi kuaiban _________________ (recognize) as an intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage at the national level. 【解析】因Shaanxi kuaiban与recognize之间为被动关系，要用被动语态；又由In June可知用一般过去 时，故填was recognized。 14. (2023届河北沧州摸底考试) Talking about Jiaohe, Guri said that she would always remember June 22, 2014, when the Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins _____________ (name) the World Heritage Site. 【解析】设空处为谓语动词，主语the Jiaohe Ancient City Ruins与name之间为被动关系，要用被动语态； 由时间状语可知，要用一般过去时，主语为单数，故填was named。 15. (2023 届广东普宁阶段检测) As a result, the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959. A committee __________________ (establish) to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. 【解析】因主语A committee与谓语establish是被动关系，应用被动语态；结合上句中的turned可知，用一 般过去时，且主语是第三人称单数，故填was established。 16. (2023 届江苏连云港期中调研) To protect this artistic treasure, Chinese seal carving ______________ (include) on the UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2009. 【解析】因主语Chinese seal carving与include (使成为……的一部分)为被动关系，要用被动语态；由 in 2009可知用一般过去时，故填was included。 17. (2023届浙江湖州、丽水、衢州质检) For instance, chess ________________ (recognize) as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999. 【解析】由时间状语in 1999可知，用一般过去时，又因主语chess与recognize之间为被动关系，故用一般 过去时的被动语态，主语chess为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，故填was recognized。 18. (2023 届山东泰安期中考试) When students started the new school year on Thursday, many would have noticed a new course. The new course ________________ (introduce) after the Ministry of Education released a new curriculum (课程) standard for labour education.【解析】主语course和动词introduce之间是被动关系，且上文提到新课程已加入新学年，故用一般过去时 的被动语态，故填was introduced。 19. (2023届河南新乡一模) The Xi’an City Wall ___________ (build) in the early Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). 【解析】主语The Xi’an City Wall和动词build之间是被动关系，再结合时间状语in the early Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was built。 20. (2023届江西景德镇一检)“It’s a surprise to me that online fiction can __________ (add) to the collection of a foreign library. I was very happy, it’s a milestone for my creation,” said Yi Qianchong. 【解析】因online fiction与add是被动关系，要用被动语态；can后面加动词原形，故填be added。 21. Nearly everything produced in the world could __________ (find) on the streets of Chang’an. 【解析】因everything与find为被动关系，且could后加动词原形，故填be found。 22. His talent can __________ (see) not only on the court, but also in his writing. 【解析】主因主语talent和谓语see是被动关系，前有情态动词can，故填be seen。 23. In English,“calligraphy” literally _________ (mean) “beautiful writing”. It is a written form that unites the languages spoken in China. 【解析】根据下文谓语动词的时态可知，用一般现在时，主语是 calligraphy，为不可数名词，谓语动词用 第三人称单数，故填means。 24. (2023届湖北黄冈期中测试) Most students _______________ (require) to take part in the labour class once per week. 【解析】因students与require之间为被动关系，要用被动语态；由时间状语once a week可知，用一般现在 时，主语为复数名词，故填are required。 25. (2023届山西吕梁阶段性测试) The snow leopard (豹) also shares the territory… Snow leopards _________ (list) as vulnerable due to the increasing threats to their natural habitat. 【解析】主语Snow leopards和动词list之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在 时，主语是复数形式，故填are listed。 26. (2023届浙江温州一模) Though there are more than 7,000 plant species on the planet, just three—rice, maize and wheat— ______(be) the staple food of over half the world’s population. 【解析】此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为three，谓语用复数，故填are。 27. (2023届湖南郴州一检) In 2019, 10 online novels, including Great Power, Heavy Industry, ______ (be) added to the collection of the Shanghai Library. 【解析】由时间状语In 2019可知，用一般过去时，主语10 online novels是复数，故填were。 28. (2023届四川遂宁零诊) To make matters worse, the trees they had planted in the first two years ____________ (blow) away by strong winds, because they weren’t familiar with the environment. 【解析】因主语the trees与谓语动词blow之间是被动关系，且本句动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被 动语态，主语是复数形式，故填 were blown。 29. (2023届河北保定期中测试) Totally, the archaeologists (考古学家) _________________ (discover) more than 500 pieces of relics over the last few months, impressed with the historical and artistic value. 【解析】由时间状语over the last few months可知，应用现在完成时，主语the archaeologists为复数，故填have discovered。 30. (2023届江苏盐城期中考试) Every year, a large group of birds ____________ (spot) in the Beijing E-Town section of the Liangshui River, which was once full of pollution and had an unpleasant smell. 【解析】因birds与spot之间为被动关系，要用被动语态；由时间状语Every year可知，用一般现在时，主 语为复数，故填are spotted。 31. (2023 届江苏常州期中考试) In just months, millions of people _______________ (enter) text-to-image AI systems and they are already being used to create experimental films, magazine covers and images. 【解析】由In just months可知，本句描述的是从过去某一时刻开始到现在一直都在发生的事情，应用现在 完成时，主语millions of people是复数，故填have entered。 32. (2023 届广东广州阶段训练) In the past few years, the country _________________ (enhance) legal, and technological support of the protection of its world natural heritage. 【解析】由In the past few years可知，用现在完成时，主语country是单数，故填has enhanced。 33. (2023 届陕西宝鸡一检) In the past decades, interest in the rapidly developing nation ___________ (grow) quickly. 【解析】由时间状语In the past decades可知，句子用现在完成时，主语interest是第三人称单数，故填has grown。 34. (2023届湖南郴州一检) The Chinese online literature industry ________________ (mature) quickly during its fast development over the last two decades. 【解析】由时间状语over the last two decades可知，用现在完成时，主语Chinese online literature industry为 单数，故填has matured。 35. (2023 届山东德州期中考试) Because of the geographical differences in the north and the south of Qinling Mountains, Qinling-Huai River Line _____________ (become) the most important north-south boundary of Chinese geography so far. 【解析】由时间状语 so far 可知，要用现在完成时，主语 Qinling Huai River Line 为单数，故填 has become。 36. (2023 届江苏徐州期中考试) Up to now, over 20 ethnic (民族的) sports, including Lhasa kite-flying, ________________ (put) on the national cultural heritage (遗产) lists, and activities such as Tibetan wrestling have been included as events at national ethnic sports meets. 【解析】由Up to now，用现在完成时；又因民族体育项目是被列入国家文化遗产名录书的，用被动语态， 主语over 20 ethnic sports为复数，故填have been put。 37. (2023届广西柳州统考) The Daoqing shadow puppetry (皮影戏) in Gansu __________ (be) on the national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) list since 2006. 【解析】根据since 2006可知，应用现在完成时，主语 The Daoqing shadow puppetry 为单数，故填 has been。 38. My suggestion is that a notebook _______________ (keep) and a Chinese-English dictionary be within our reach. 【解析】因a notebook与keep (保留) 是被动关系，要用被动语态；又因suggestion后的表语从句中，要用“ (should +) 动词原形”，故填 (should) be kept。 39. If money were everything, all millionaires _________ have real love, true friendship, good health and a long life. 【解析】表示与现在事实相反的情况，主句谓语用“would/could/ might/should+动词原形”，故填would。 40. However, others don’t think it’s necessary that such a service ____________________ (launch), with the majority of opponents describing students paying for the canteen-to-dormitory delivery service as being lazy. 【解析】因service与launch为被动关系，故用被动语态；又因 it’s necessary that…句型中that后的从句应 为虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省略，故填(should) be launched。 41.[2023·南京市高三年级学情调研]In the race, a drummer ________ (use) a large traditional wooden drum to keep the paddlers on the beat, while a steersman in the back keeps them in their lane. 【解析】根据该句中的“keeps”，再结合句意可知，该句陈述的是风俗习惯，故用一般现在时；该句主语 是a drummer，为第三人称单数，故用uses。 42.[2023·辽宁省五校联考]Now the local authorities ________ (work) to standardize and modernize operations at the restaurants to turn the brand into a successful and safe food business worldwide. 【解析】根据句中的时间标志词“Now”和语境可知，谓语动词时态应用现在进行时；主语 the local authorities是复数，与work之间是主动关系，故填are working。 43.[2023·福建省高三百校联合测评] And ineffective tilling means some seeds won't take and yield ________ (drop)． 【解析】设空处在句中作谓语，and是并列连词，前后时态一般保持一致， won't take 的提示可知，设空 处为一般将来时，故填will drop。 44.[2023·泰安市高考全真模拟] Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities ________ (organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who have retired from their posts. 【解析】句意：从那时起，所有政府单位、组织和街道社区每年都为退休人员组织一次秋季旅行。由 “Since then”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时来表示这个事情将会继续下去，故填 have organized/have been organizing。 45.[2023·武汉市部分学校调研] This ancient Chinese art, known as dragon scale bookbinding (装订), ________ (stretch) back more than 1，000 years to the Tang dynasty. 【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处在本句中作谓语。此处描述了一个客观事实，时态用一般现在时； stretch back意为“追溯到”，无被动；主语This ancient Chinese art为单数概念。故填stretches。 46.[2023·山东省高三百师联盟联考]According to the latest data, the total area of China's mangrove forests in 2020 ________ (be) 289 square kilometers, and over 70 square kilometers of mangroves are newly planted and restored now. 【解析】句意：根据最新数据，2020年中国红树林总面积为289平方公里。根据in 2020可知用一般过去 时态，结合主语the total area“面积”，为不可数名词，故填was。 47.[2023·湖北省第一次质量监测]In the past few years, the country ________ (enhance) legal and technological support for the protection of its world natural heritage, establishing a management system with Chinese characteristics.【解析】分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。结合时间状语“In the past few years”可知，时态用现在完成 时； the country和enhance之间为主动关系；主语the country为第三人称单数。故填has enhanced。 48.[2023·聊城模拟]By the end of 2021, the “digital Dunhuang project” ______________(complete) the digital collection of 268 grottoes. 【解析】由时间状语“By the end of 2021”可知， 该句应用过去完成时，故填had completed。 49.[2023·嘉兴市高三基础测试] Right now more than 9，800 companies are providing such services, of which over 1，800 ________ (establish) last year. 【解析】over 1，800 (companies)与动词establish之间为被动关系，且前者表示复数概念，又根据后面的时 间状语last year可知此处应用一般过去时。故填were established。 50.[2023·南京六校高三调研] Nowadays, tofu ________ (serve) in a modern way. In many fine dining restaurants, the tasting menu is designed around its textures. 【解析】根据时间状语Nowadays并结合句意可知，此处陈述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时；句子的 主语tofu与serve之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；因为主语tofu为不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形 式。故填is served。 51.[2023·高三日照市校际联合考试]Opening in July, the exhibition will last for three years. It is the first time that the Dunhuang Academy ________ (hold) such a long exhibition in Beijing. 【解析】句意：这是敦煌研究院第一次在北京举办这么长时间的展览。在“It is the first/second/third/...time ＋从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时；又因 the Dunhuang Academy为第三人称单数，故填 has held。52.[2023·烟台市高三考前热身]The concept ________ (spread) into the worlds of music, dance and TV dramas so far. 【解析】分析句子可知，空格处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语 so far可知，此处时态用现在完成时，由句 意可知，动词spread与主语the concept之间为被动关系，故填has been spread。 53.[2023·青岛市高三调研] Since 2016 when the company ________ (found), ChopValue has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills. 【解析】根据句中的2016可知，该处用一般过去时；主语the company表示单数，且和动词found之间为 被动关系。故填was founded。 54.[2023·邯郸市高三模拟] The formation of each celadon ________ (be) a process of life casting. Only after being burnt at around 1300℃ for 400 hours can it be made into an object. 【解析】句意：每个青瓷的形成都是一个生命铸造的过程。根据句意可知，此句描述一般事实，故用一般 现在时，故填is。 55.[2023·漳州市第二次质量检测] What ________(make) people moved is not the film itself but the heroes of the war years. 【解析】句意：让人感动的不是电影本身，而是战争年代的英雄们。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在 时，What引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式， 故填makes。 56.[2023·重庆市高三第一次诊断]The exam questions should focus on basic knowledge and skills, and the number of questions focusing on rote (死记硬背的) learning should ________ (reduce), the notice said. 【解析】句意：考试题目要集中在基础知识和技能上，减少死记硬背的题目数量。分析句子结构可知，主语questions与谓语动词reduce之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词should后接动词原 形，故填be reduced。 57.[2023·唐山市第一次模拟]However, as society ________(progress), the rapid rise in incomes and higher living standards will see more Chinese searching for experiences that are anything but traditional. 【解析】句意：然而，随着社会的进步，收入的迅速增长和生活水平的提高，将会有更多的中国人寻求传 统以外的体验。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。主语society是单数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单 数形式， 故填progresses。 58.[2023·山东省高三大联考]Beijing is such a big stage and I have missed out on many of the big events that ________ (take) place in the past few years. 【解析】句意：北京是一个很大的舞台，我错过了过去几年发生的许多重大事件。空处在 that引导的定语 从句中做谓语，由in the past few years可知应用完成时， 故填have taken。 59.[2023·湖南长郡中学高三模拟]Reading articles and short posts ________ (play) an important role in integrating knowledge and achievements. 【解析】句意：阅读长文和短文在整合知识方面都起着重要的作用。分析句子结构，此空在句中做谓语， 主语“Reading articles and short posts”为单数概念，根据上下文，用一般现在时态， 故填plays。 60.[2023·辽宁省部分重点中学协作体模拟]While we can't guard against all misfortunes and diseases, getting to know some first aid skills ________ (be) quite useful. 【解析】句意：虽然我们不能预防所有的不幸和疾病，但了解一些急救技能是非常有用的。陈述客观事 实，用一般现在时。动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式， 故填is。 61.[2023·广东省联考]On that day, there ________ (be) lots of conventional celebration activities. 【解析】句意：在那一天，有很多传统的庆祝活动。there be句型中的谓语动词单复数一般采用“就近原 则”，与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致，后面的中心词是activities，所以要填复数形式，描述一般事实 用一般现在时，故填are。 62.[2023·衡水中学高三下学期二调]The history of steam power goes all the way back to the 1700s. At the time, steam ________(use) to power many different machines and helped fuel the Industrial Revolution. 【解析】句意：当时，蒸汽被用来驱动许多不同的机器，并帮助推动了工业革命。分析句意可知，此处应 该用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was used。 63.[2023·丽水、湖州、衢州三地市质量检测] For instance, chess ________ (recognize) as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999. 【解析】分析句子结构可知， recognize是本句的谓语。结合时间状语in 1999可知，时态用一般过去时； 主语chess与recognize之间是被动关系；主语chess为第三人称单数。所以空处填was recognized。 64.[2023·江苏省泰州市第四次调研]This time he ________ (equip) with a newly acquired technique, which enabled most of the planted trees, well over 80%, to survive. 【解析】句意：这一次，他掌握了一种新的技术，使大多数种植的树木能够存活下来，存活率远远超过 80%。根据句中“This time”和“enabled”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，且“he”和“equip”为被动关 系，故填was equipped。 65.[2023·湖南省高三六校联考]It can be employed to create artworks and realistically reproduce all kinds ofChinese calligraphy and paintings. Among the famous prints ________ (be) “Night Revels of Han Xizai”． 【解析】该句为倒装句。句子的主语为“Night Revels of Han Xizai”，故谓语动词应用单数形式；又因为该 句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时，故填is。 66.[2023·南京市高三年级学情调研]Lin said a friend got him involved in dragon boat racing over a decade ago. In 2018，they ________ (decide) to host their own festival. 【解析】根据时间状语“In 2018”可知，该句陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，故填decided。