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高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略
专题 02 非谓语动词
目录
一 命题规律 动词不定式的功能、分词(现在分词、过去分词)的用法区别、动名词等非谓语动词
的时态、语态的综合考查
二 备考策略 牢记非谓语动词的三种形式, 非谓语动词做状语, “be+过去分词+介词”,非谓语动
词做宾语、定语、状语、补语等。
三 基本知识 非谓语动词的用法
四 真题训练 近五年新高考非谓语动词专题训练
五 思路点拨 1.分析非谓语动词发生的时间以及非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系
2.掌握非谓语动词的固定句式结构
3.牢记后跟非谓语动词的特定动词
六 考点归纳 当句中已有谓语动词,空格前又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时,所给动词要
填非谓语动词。此时,就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用其具体形式(doing, done,
to do)。
七 考点练透 再次巩固所掌握的知识点体系并能灵活应用
命题规律:
动词不定式的功能、分词(现在分词、过去分词)的用法区别、动名词等的时态、语态的综合考查
备考策略:
1.牢记非谓语动词的三种形式:doing 现在分词表主动、进行;done 过去分词表被动、完成;to do 表目
的、将来
2.如果出现 “谓语动词,句子” 或者 “句子,谓语动词” 的结构,一般是非谓语动词做状语,你只需要
判断括号里V词与主句主语之间的关系是主动还是被动,还是表目的。
3. “be+过去分词+介词”结构,如be absorbed/dressed/trapped/occupied in, be equipped/loaded/burdened with,
be accustomed/devoted/committed/addicted to doing,做非谓语动词去掉be即可。
4.不定式作结果状语,多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。
5.不定式用于be+ adj+to do
6.with的复合结构是常考点
7. 做宾语补足语的情况 常见动词 have、hear、notice、find、see
8.非谓语动词做定语的情况
基本知识:非谓语动词的用法
(一)填非谓语动词时要填不定式to do的情况:1. 主语: It is/was+adj./n.+for/of sb. to do sth. It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.
2. 宾语
(1)有些动词只能用不定式作宾语:
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refu
愿假装 se, manage, care, pretend
主动答应选计划,同意请求
offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help
帮一帮
(2) find/think/believe/consider/make/feel+it+adj./n.+to do sth.
3. 表语:
不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作(aim, dream, plan, purpose等后)
4. 定语:
(1) 不定式作定语表示将来的动作;
(2) 不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或 only, next等修饰的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关
系;
(3) 下列名词或代词,常用不定式作定语。
ability, chance,opportunity, plan, attempt, way, something, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise等。
5. 状语:
(1)作目的状语。表示“为了”,可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性,不定式前也可加
in order或so as,但so as to不能置于句首。
(2)作结果状语。不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果,有时前面加only,以加强语气。
only to do 表示意想不到的结果
enough to do 足够做……
too ... to do 太……而不能……
so/such ... as to ... 如此……以至于……
(3) 作原因状语。表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词作表语时,后可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这
种心理活动或情绪的原因,常用于这类结构的形容词有 sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy,
anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。
6. 宾语补足语:
(1) 在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语,如:ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach
等。
(2) 下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语:
一感 (feel),二听(hear, listen to),三使(let,have, make),五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at),半帮助
(help),但在变为被动语态时需加to。
动词不定式的时态和语态的构成和用法
形式 意义 主动语态 被动语态
与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生或
一般式 to do to be done
在谓语动词的动作之后发生
进行式 在谓语动词的动作发生时正在进行 to be doing —
完成式 在谓语动词的动作之前发生 to have done to have been done
(二)填非谓语动词时要填动名词v-ing的情况:
1. 主语:单个动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用三单形式;
It is/was a waste (of ...)/no use/no good doing sth.
2. 表语: 动名词作表语表示通常的情况,多指抽象的、经常性的动作:
3. 定语: 动名词可置于名词前作定语,表示被修饰的名词的用途、性能或目的。
4. 宾语:(1) 介词 + v -ing (注意to为介词的情况);
(2) 下列动词(短语)只能用动名词作宾语:
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit,
没得想 delay/put off, fancy
avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish,
避免错过继续练,否认完成
就欣赏 enjoy/appreciate
forbid, imagine, risk;
禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意
准逃亡 can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape
(3)既可以接动名词作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:
forget, remember, regret, mean, try, stop, go on
(三)填非谓语动词时要填分词的情况:
1. 状语:分词作状语时,其逻辑主语是句子的主语,一般在句中作时间、原因、结果、方式、条件、伴
随、让步等状语。2. 表语:表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词,意为“令人……的”;
动词-ed形式的形容词,意为“(人)感到……的”,也可修饰体现内心感受的 look,expression,tears,
smile,voice等名词。
On hearing the exciting news,she shouted in an excited voice.
3. 定语
现在分词(doing)表示 Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before
主动、进行 in the sky.当今,空中更多的飞机运载着比以往更多的人。
过去分词(done)表示被 The bridge built in 2012 was designed by a local company.2012 年建
动、完成 造的这座桥是由当地的一家公司设计的。
4. 宾语补足语:
(1) 现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行
常用现在分词作宾语补足语的词语有 feel, Sometimes she would listen to him
find,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,get, playing the saxophone.
have,keep,leave,send,set,listen to,look at
等。
(2) 过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成
常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有have,make, I will have my bike repaired
get,find,see,notice,watch,hear,feel,want, tomorrow.
like等。
现在分词的时态和语态的构成和用法
形式 意义 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 与谓语动词的动作同时发生 doing being done
完成式 先于谓语动词的动作完成 having done having been done
总结:提示词为动词考非谓语动词的策略
1.分析非谓语动词发生的时间以及非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系
(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系, 且正在进行,要想到用现在分词形式(doing);
(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(done);
(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作,或作目的状语,或跟在表示喜怒哀乐的形容词后表示原因或意料之外的结
果等, 要想到用不定式形式(to do)。2.掌握非谓语动词的固定句式结构
(1)It's+形容词+(for/of sb.+)to do sth.;It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.
(2)It's no good/use/pleasure doing sth.;
(3)find/think/believe/consider+it+adj.+to do sth.;
3.牢记后跟非谓语动词的特定动词
(1)牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词;
(2)牢记用动词不定式或分词作补足语的动词。
(3)既可以接动名词作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:
forget, remember, regret, mean, try, stop, go on
非谓语动词作定语
1. 现在分词作定语,表示动作主动,正在进行,若表示”正在被……”,则用being done.
2. 过去分词作定语表示被动,完成。
3. 当名词被形容词最高级,序数词(the first, the last 等)修饰时,用to do作定语
4. 抽象名词 ability, plan, chance, promise, wish opportunity,responsibility 等后常用 ability, plan, chance,
promise, wish opportunity,responsibility作后置定语。
非谓语动词作宾补
1.常用不定式作宾补的动词有: tell, order, allow, permit, enable, persuade, force, warn, encourage, ask, invite,
expect. 感官动词和使役动词后的不定式作宾补,在主动语态中要省略不定式的符号 to, 但在被动语态中to
要还原。
2. 现在分词作宾补,表主动,进行。常接现在分词作宾补的动词有感官动词和使役动词,但注
意,have/leave sb doing sth 译为“让宾语一直做……”。
3. 过去分词作宾补,被动,完成
4. with +O+OC to do 将来,目的
doing 进行,主动
done 完成,被动
非谓语动词作状语
1. 分词作状语,要与主句保持逻辑主语一致
2. 现在分词作状语,现在分词与句子主语是主动关系,可以表伴随原因, 时间或条件,表示意料之中的结
果,用doing, 若表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则用having done.3. 过去分词作状语,过去分词与句子主语是被动关系
4. 不定式作状语可以表目的, only to do 表示意料之外的结果, 形容词或过去分词作表语时,后接to do 作
状语常见的形容词有: happy, lucky, anxious, proud, disappointed, surprised, delighted, foolish, pleased, fortunate
等, 主系表+to do ,用 主动表被动
真题训练
1.(2023 年新高考Ⅰ卷·57) To eat one, you have to decide whether ____57____ (bite) a small hole in it first,
releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 58 (or) to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot
soup explode on your tongue.
【解析】 结合句意可知,此处表达“决定是否做某事”,需用whether to do sth,故填to bite。句意:如
果要吃,你必须决定先在饺子上咬一个小洞,释放汤汁,但有可能会溢出,或者将整个饺子放入口中,让
热汤在舌尖爆炸。
2.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·59) Shanghai may be the ____59____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food
historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace.
.recognized
【解析】 因home和非谓语动词recognize之间为被动关系,表示“上海可能是被认可的汤包的家乡”,
故填shared。
3.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·61) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____61____
(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 62 (their) contents.
【解析】 设空处考固定搭配allow sb to do sth, to do sth作宾语补足语,而且是被动的,故填to be lifted。
句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包应该有一层薄饺子皮,可以使它们从蒸锅中被提起并且不会破裂或泄漏内
容。
4.(2023 年新高考Ⅰ卷·65) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 64 (rarely) enough, yet two seems
greedy, so I am always left ______65______ (want) more next time.
【解析】 因so I am always left ______65______ (want) more next time.句中已有谓语动词am always left,
want应作为非谓语动词, 又因I和want之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作状语句意:无论我在哪里买,
一蒸就够了,两蒸就就显得太贪心了,所以我下次总是想要更多。
5.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷·60) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 60__________ (visit) Chinese
zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词,设空处作定语修饰 Chinese zookeepers, 且为逻辑上的主动关系,故填
visiting。
6. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·56) ___________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park,
the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
【解析】因句中已有谓语will be,故cover应作为非谓语动词,又因cover和其逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系,应用v.-ing形式作状语,首字母大写,故填Covering。
7. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·59) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas, bringing many of the
existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _____________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce
inconsistencies in management.
【解析】设空处在句中作非谓语动词,作目的状语,应用动词的不定式,故填 to increase。句意:该计划
将把保护范围扩大到大量区域,将众多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理混
乱。
8. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·56) Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms
to catch the _________ (fall) child.
【解析】因句中已有谓语动词hold out,fall应作为非谓语动词, 又因child和fall之间是主动关系,同时
表示正在进行的含义,故用现在分词作定语,故填falling。
9. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·59) Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair
onto the balcony (阳台), and climbed up ________ (see) them.
【解析】因句中已有谓语动词climb up,see应作为谓语动词。根据句意可知,他爬到阳台是为了看他们
(外面玩闹的孩子们),故用不定式作目的状语,故填to see。
10. (2022年全国甲卷·61) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a
first step ____________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【解析】因step为抽象名词且前面有序数词修饰,故用不定式作后置定语,故填to journey。
11. (2022 年全国甲卷·63) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ______ (hold) in
Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
【解析】因句中已有谓语动词decided,故hold应作为非谓语动词,又因hold与International Cooperation之
间在逻辑上为动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语,故填held。
12.(2022 年全国乙卷·66) China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy
development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___________ (share) future for mankind.
【解析】因future和非谓语动词share之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作定语,表示“共享的”,故填
shared。
13.(2022年全国乙卷·68) ______________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a
number of public promotional activities on social media.
【解析】结合句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需用不定式作目的状语,位于句首,首
字母应大写,故填To strengthen。
14.(2021 年新高考Ⅰ卷·60) Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is—always leaving us ____________
(astonish).【解析】此处为“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,表示“感到惊讶的”用astonished。
15. (2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·63) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights
the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _____________(ache) legs.
【解析】修饰名词legs作定语,用aching或achy,表示“疼痛的”,故填aching或achy。
16.(2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·57) I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (think) it
is food.
【解析】因句中已有谓语动词was,故think应作为非谓语动词,又因think与其逻辑主语many sea animals
之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语,故填thinking。
17. (2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·58) I decided to do something ___________ (educate) people about this problem.
【解析】句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构可知,此处用作目的状语,故用不
定式。当然,此处也可以理解为不定式短语作后置定语,修饰something,故填to educate。
18. (2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·62) I was so ________ (excite) when he wrote back to me. He said he would make sure
that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
【解析】在系动词was后作表语用形容词,修饰人,用-ed形式的形容词,故填excited。
19. (2021年全国甲卷·43) It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【解析】因it is possible to do sth为固定搭配,意为“做某事是可能的”,故填to walk。
20. (2021 年全国甲卷·44) After ___________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the
wall, we decided it was time for some action…
【解析】在介词after后用动词-ing形式,故填spending。
21. (2021 年全国乙卷·61) It (Ecotourism) is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to
become ____________ (educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural
characteristics…
【解析】在系动词become后应用形容词作表语,表示“受过……教育(或训练)的”,故填educated。
22. (2021年全国乙卷·70) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations
aim __________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【解析】因aim to do sth为固定搭配,意为“旨在做某事”,故填to have。
23. (2020 年全国Ⅱ卷·63)They represent the earth _________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new
beginnings.
【解析】分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词represent,故come作为非谓语动词;又因此处为动名词的
复合结构与best wishes并列作represent的宾语,其逻辑主语the earth与 come在逻辑上存在主谓关系,
故用动词-ing形式表主动关系,即coming。24. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·68) They are easy ________ (care) for and make great presents.
【解析】此处为“主语+be+adj.+to do”结构,此结构中用动词不定式主动表被动,故填to care。
25.(2020 年全国Ⅲ卷·69) And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ____________
(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【解析】作动词saw的宾语补足语,因clouds和surround在逻辑上存在主谓关系,故用surrounding。且前
文的rising也有提示。
26. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·62) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how
long it would take _______ (get) there.
【解析】此处为it takes/took + 时间 + to do sth 固定句型,表示“花费时间做某事”。其中,it作形式主
语,动词不定式作真正的主语,故填to get。
27. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·70) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a
beautiful farm, __________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【解析】句中已有谓语invite,故listen应作为非谓语动词;又由we与listen在逻辑上存在着主动关系,故
用现在分词形式作状语,同时与meeting构成并列关系,故填listening。
28. (2018 年 全 国 Ⅱ 卷 ·70) China’s approach to protecting its environment while _________(feed) its
citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
【解析】因feed与其逻辑主语China之间是主动关系,故用现在分词,构成“连词+现在分词”结构,故
填feeding。
29. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·64) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his
eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.
【解析】因avoid后习惯上用动名词作宾语,即avoid doing sth,意为“避免做某事”,故填looking。
30. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·70) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _______ (stay) and watch.
【解析】因allow sb to do sth为固定搭配,意为“允许某人做某事”,故填to stay。
思路点拨:
当句中已有谓语动词,空格前又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时,所给动词要填非谓语动词。此时,
就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用其具体形式(doing, done, to do)。
考点归纳:
作主语
(1) 作主语通常用动名词(一般情况)或不定式形式 (具体情况)。如:① __________(smoke) may cause cancer, so you should give it up.
【解析】 在谓语may cause 前面一定是作主语, “吸烟可能导致癌症”是一般情况, 故填Smoking, 注意句
首第一个单词的第一个字母要大写。
② It is clear that _________ (finish) this task will take a long time.
【解析】完成这项任务是一次具体的情况,故用不定式,填to finish。
(2) 用不定式或动名词作主语的特殊句型。此外,还需熟记下列固定句式:
① It is necessary for us to be constantly reminded of our shortcomings. 经常有人提醒我们自身的缺点是有必要
的。
② It’s very kind of you to tell me the truth. 你真好,告诉我真相。
③ It’s no use quarrelling about it. We are all in the same boat. 为此事争吵是没有用的。 我们处境相同。
2. 作宾语
(1) 在介词后作宾语一般只用动名词。常考的有以下7个,请牢记:
① be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
② be accustomed to doing sth 习惯做某事
③ be devoted to doing sth 致力于做某事
④ devote oneself to doing sth 致力于做某事
⑤ look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事
⑥ object to doing sth 反对做某事
⑦ be addicted to doing sth 沉迷于做某事; 专心致志于做某事
(2) 只能接不定式的动词或短语。
(3) 只能接动名词的动词或短语。
(4) 接不定式与接动名词意思有差别的动词或短语也必须掌握。请用规范工整的英语完成搭配后,熟读牢
记:
汉语意思 英文搭配
1 记得去做某事 .remember doing sth
记得做过某事 .remember to do sth
2 忘记去做某事 .forget to do sth
忘记做过某事 .forget doing sth
3 遗憾做某事 .regret to do sth后悔做过某事 .regret doing sth
4 尽力做某事 .try to do sth
尝试做某事 .try doing sth
5 有意/故意去做某事 .mean to do sth
意味着做某事 .mean doing sth
6 停下来去做某事 .stop to do sth
停止做某事 .stop doing sth
7 接着做另一事 .go on to do sth
继续做同一事 .go on doing sth
8 需要做某事 .need/require to do sth
某事需要被做 .need/require doing sth
9 想做某事 .want to do sth
某事需要被做 .want doing sth
3. 作定语
单个分词作定语,如表示正在进行或经常发生的动作用现在分词,如表示已经完成的动作则用过去分词。
如分词短语作定语,要根据与逻辑主语的关系,是主动关系用现在分词,是被动关系就用过去分词。
若是表示未来的情况 (发生在谓语动词之后) 或表示“有……要……”用动词不定式,在最高级或“序数
词(+名词)”后或在plan, ability, chance, way等抽象名词后作定语也要用不定式。又如:
① The conference ________ (take) place next month is bound to be a great success.
【解析】由next month可知表示未来,故用不定式作定语,填to take。
② Jack, a hard-working student, is always the first _________(come) to school and the last to leave.
【解析】序数词后用不定式作定语,故填to come。
③ Happiness is the ability __________ (make) the most of what we have.
【解析】在抽象名词ability后,表示“做某事的能力”,用不定式作定语,故填to make。
4. 作状语
(1) 在形容词后作状语用不定式。
(2) 作目的状语也只能用不定式。
(3) 作伴随状语、原因状语、时间状语要根据与逻辑主语的关系,用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)。
如:① __________ (satisfy) with what he did, the teacher praised him in class.
【解析】 因satisfy(使……满意)与the teacher在逻辑上有动宾关系,即the teacher与satisfy是被动关系,
故用过去分词作状语,表示原因,填Satisfied。句意:因为老师对他所做的事情很满意,所以在班上表扬
了他。
② _________ (hear) that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.
【解析】因Li Lei与hear在逻辑上有主谓关系,即Li Lei与hear是主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,填
Hearing。句意:当李雷听到母亲生病的消息后,马上赶回了家。
5. 作补语
(1)要根据与逻辑主语的关系,用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)。如:
I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man ________(sit) at the front.
【解析】因 a man 与 sit 是主动关系, 故用现在分词作宾补,填 sitting。也可由固定句式 notice sb
doing/do sth(注意到某人在做/做了某事)而知,也可填sit。这类句型还有:
这类句型还有:
△ see/watch/observe/hear sb doing sth看见/观看/观察到/听到某人正在做某事
△ see/watch/observe/hear sb do sth看见/观看/观察到/听到某人做某事(全过程)
△ find/feel/catch sb doing sth发现/感觉/撞见某人正在做某事
△ let/make/have sb do sth让/使某人做某事
△ have sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事
△ have sb/sth done 让别人做某事
(2) 用不定式作主补或宾补的固定搭配很多,也常考。如[真题再练]第25题。
(3) 用省略to的不定式作宾补的动词。如have(使),let(让),make(使)等使役动词和see,hear等感官动词。
但变被动时,省略的to要补回来,如:make sb do sth的被动式为sb be made to do sth。
6. 情感类动词的分词形容词
作形容词用的情感类-ing分词(令人……的)与-ed分词(感到……的)的差别。
动词原形 中文意思
1 及物动词 surprise 使惊讶
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) surprising 令人惊讶的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) surprised 感到惊讶的
2 及物动词 astonish 使惊讶现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) astonishing 令人惊讶的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) astonished 感到惊讶的
3 及物动词 .shock 使震惊
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) shocking 令人震惊的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) shocked 感到震惊的
4 及物动词 amaze 使惊异
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) amazing 令人惊异的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) amazed 感到惊异的
5 及物动词 terrify 使恐惧
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) terrifying 令人恐惧的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) terrified 感到恐惧的
6 及物动词 frighten 使恐惧
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) frightening 令人恐惧的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) frightened 感到恐惧的
7 及物动词 threaten 恐吓;威胁
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) threatening 威胁的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) threatened 受到威胁的
8 及物动词 worry 使担忧
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) worrying 令人担忧的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) worried 感到担忧的
9 及物动词 please 使愉快
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) pleasing 令人愉快的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) pleased 感到愉快的
10 及物动词 excite 使兴奋
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) exciting 令人兴奋的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) excited 感兴奋到的
11 及物动词 satisfy 使满意
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) satisfying 令人满意的过去分词形容词 (常形容人) satisfied 感到满意的
12 及物动词 interest 使感兴趣
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) interesting 有趣的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) interested 感兴趣的
13 及物动词 move 使感动
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) moving 令人感动的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) moved 受感动的
14 及物动词 touch 感动(某人)
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) touching 感人的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) touched 受感动的
15 及物动词 inspire 鼓舞(某人)
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) inspiring 鼓舞人的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) inspired 受鼓舞的
16 及物动词 encourage 鼓励(某人)
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) encouraging 令人鼓舞的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) encouraged 鼓舞的
17 及物动词 relax 使轻松
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) relaxing 令人轻松的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) relaxed 感到轻松的
18 及物动词 convince 使确信
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) convincing 令人信服的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) convinced 确信的
19 及物动词 bore 使厌烦
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) boring 枯燥乏味的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) bored 感到无聊的
20 及物动词 tire 使疲倦
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) tiring 令人疲倦的过去分词形容词 (常形容人) tired 感到疲倦的
21 及物动词 disappoint 使失望
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) disappointing 令人失望的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) disappointed 感到失望的
22 及物动词 confuse 使迷惑
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) confusing 令人迷惑的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) confused 感到迷惑的
23 及物动词 puzzle 使困惑
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) puzzling 令人困惑的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) puzzled 感到困惑的
24 及物动词 annoy 使不悦
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) annoying 令人生气的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) annoyed 生气的
25 及物动词 discourage 使气馁
现在分词形容词 (常形容事、物) discouraging 使人泄气的
过去分词形容词 (常形容人) discouraged 气馁的
7. 固定句式中的非谓语动词
1 中文意思 英文搭配
2 感谢某人做了某事 thank sb for doing sth
3 表扬某人做了某事 praise sb for doing sth
4 责备某人做了某事 scold sb for doing sth
5 责骂某人做了某事 blame sb for doing sth
6 处罚某人做了某事 punish sb for doing sth
7 原谅某人做了某事 excuse/forgive sb for doing sth
8 最好做某事 had better do sth
9 何不做某事呢? Why not do sth?
10 ……怎么样? How/What about doing sth?11 一般说来 generally speaking
12 根据……来看 judging from
13 更糟糕的是 to make matters/things worse
14 阻止某人做某事 prevent/stop sb (from) doing sth/keep sb from doing sth
15 禁止某人做某事 ban/forbid sb from doing sth
16 在做某事方面花费时间 spend time (in) doing sth
17 在做某事方面浪费时间 waste time (in) doing sth
18 在做某事方面有困难 have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
8. 其他:作形容词的特殊分词有gone(离去的,已去的,丢失的);lost(迷失的,丢失的);missing(不见的)
等。作介词用的有concerning (关于), regarding (关于), respecting (关于, 鉴于), including (包括), given(考虑
到)等。作介词或连词的有considering (考虑到,就……而论)。
考点练透
在下列各句空白处填入所给单词的正确形式,并说明理由。
1. You may also find it difficult ________ (get) to sleep if you have a problem or something else on your mind.
【解析】根据句型find it+adj.+to do sth判断填不定式,故填to get,it为形式宾语,to get to sleep为真正
的宾语,故填to get。
2. But when he began to walk, the other boy imitated him. Woo Sing stopped _________ (think) about these
strange actions, saying to himself,“This boy is fooling me. He does everything that I do.”
【解析】不定式to think作宾语,表示停止走路去思考一下这些奇怪的行为,故填to think。
3.“Nothing doing. Right now it is time ________ (have) fun,” the silly grasshopper replied.
【解析】因It is time (for sb) to do sth是固定句式,意为“到了(某人)该做某事的时间了”,故填to have。
4. We should make every effort _______________ (prevent) violence happening at school, for more and more
students would drop out of school if their personal safety could not be guaranteed.
【解析】句意:我们应当尽一切努力来阻止校园暴力的发生,因为如果人身安全得不到保证,会有越来越
多的学生辍学。make every effort to do sth 为固定搭配,故此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to
prevent。
5. As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about how important it was _________ (stand) on your owntwo feet and be responsible for your own acts.
【解析】这是it is important to do sth句型,it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语,故填to stand。
6. You might feel dizzy and nervous, but the top is always there waiting for you as long as you are strong enough
________ (take) one more step.
【解析】在形容词(strong)后面作状语,要用动词不定式,即to take。句意为:你可能会感到头晕和紧张,
但山顶就在那里等着你,只要你足够坚强去向前再迈一步,故填to take。
7. The Olympics are expected __________ (attract) tens of thousands of people.
【解析】由expect sb to do sth可知用不定式短语作补语。因be expected后面只能接动词不定式to do,结合
上下文句意需要用to attract, 故填to attract。
8. They designed and built a robot… The students made the robot ___________ (answer) a challenge from the U.S.
Department of Defense.
【解析】不定式作目的状语,故用to answer。
9. Contests are generally limited to 15 minutes _________ (avoid) putting too much pressure on the body.
【解析】活动限定在15分钟之内以避免吃得太多对身体造成伤害。空处表示目的,用动词不定式, 故填to
avoid。
10. It took rescuers another two hours ____________ (discover) Nancy.
【解析】固定句型It takes sb some time to do sth,不定式to discover作真正主语, 故填to discover。
11. Six days of spring rain had created a wild river _________ (run) by Nancy Brown’s farm.
【解析】因a wild river 和run之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作定语,故填running。
12.You may have trouble _________ (sleep) if you have a heavy meal just before you go to bed.
【解析】句型have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难, 故填sleeping。
13.We can start the habit by _________ (write) learning summaries and remember to record something impressive
and meaningful.
【解析】因by是介词,后面加动名词,故填writing。
14. Gradually I found myself back, __________ (deliver) my speech with difficulty.
【解析】因deliver与谓语found之间没有连词,故为非谓语动词,且deliver与句子主语I在逻辑上是主谓
关系,用现在分词作伴随状语,故填delivering。
15. __________(Realize) it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an unforgettable
experience for all of us.
【解析】因为句子主语we和realize之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语表原因,故填Realizing。16. On the stand, my classmates applauded and cheered for the athletes, some ________ (raise) their cameras to
capture the exciting moments.
【解析】此处是带逻辑主语的分词短语作状语,some和raise之间是主动关系,所以填raising。
17. Inside the building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building _____ (lie)
all over the place.
【解析】现在分词作宾补,意为“看见某物处于某种状态”,故填lying。
18. All the insects and animals were working hard to store food for winter, except the grasshopper(蚱蜢), who
spent his days ________ (jump) from leaf to leaf.
【解析】固定短语spend some time (in) doing sth花费时间做某事,故填jumping。
19. Students who listen to classical music while _________ (study) perform better.
【解析】因study与其逻辑主语students之间是主谓关系,故用其动词-ing形式,构成“连词+现在分词”
结构作状语,故填studying。
20. Thus, good learning habits can help us gain great learning results, ___________ (include) high scores and
abundant knowledge.
【解析】include 的用法为 including sb/sth 或 sb/sth included,包括取得高分和获得丰富的知识,故填
including。
21. During the test, the girl ________(sit) next to me whispered something, but I couldn’t understand.
【解析】空处修饰前面的名词the girl,两者存在主动关系,故用现在分词作后置定语,故填sitting。
22. For more than six million American children, coming home after school means _________ (come) to an empty
house.
【解析】因mean to do sth 打算做某事;mean doing sth 意味着。本句中 means作“意味着”解,故填
coming。
23. The Hot Dog Eating Contest on Coney Island has become a very popular event, ____________ (attract) TV
audiences over 1.5 million.
【解析】该句主语The Hot Dog Eating Contest和动词attract之间为主动关系,用现在分词作结果状语,故
填attracting。
24. A real trial began when I stood on the platform with my legs ____________(e) and my mind blank.
【解析】句意:真的考验开始了,我站在台上,双腿发抖,大脑一片空白。这是“with+宾语+宾补”结构
作伴随状语,legs和动词tremble为主动关系,用现在分词,故填trembling。
25. He took a deep breath as he opened the exam paper ________ (hand) to him.
【解析】因 the exam paper 与所给词 hand 之间在逻辑上是被动关系,用过去分词作后置定语,故填handing。
26. The Northern Essex Community College (NECC) students and one of their teachers spent part of their spring
break in New York City, helping repair an area __________ (destroy) by the hurricane.
【解析】过去分词短语作后置定语表示被动,“被飓风破坏的地区”,故填destroyed。
27. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys _________ (attach).
【解析】在“with+宾语+宾补”结构中,keys与attach(系)是被动关系,故填attached。
28. It was the first Olympics ______ (hold) in South America.
【解析】因Olympics与所给的动词hold为被动关系,且由was可推断是过去发生的事情,故用held。
29. In a letter ____________ (publish) in a magazine, Mr Gove says: “It may be too late to say I’m sorry.”
【解析】publish和a letter是动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语,故填published。
30. The cheerful and optimistic rabbit threw himself away looking for the carrot, digging here and there, totally
___________ (convince) that he would find it.
【解析】表示“确信的;坚信的”用convinced。
31. When there was no place in the whole field _____ (leave) to dig, the rabbit dug a tunnel right to where the dog
had been lying all the time.
【解析】过去分词作定语,意为“剩下的地方”,left作后置定语, 故填left 。
32. Just imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes ______(fix) upon me.
【解析】eyes和动词fix之间为被动关系,故用fixed。
33. It has the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Art and the Royal Library housed in a rather grand building _______
(call) the Black Diamond.
【解析】因building与call是被动关系,故填called。
34. There will be many wonderful performances ____________ (present) by the teachers and the students in our
school.
【解析】因句中已有谓语动词will be, 所以present为非谓语动词,又因performances 与present 是被动关
系,加之有by的提示,可知用过去分词短语作后置定语,故填presented。
35. I felt quite ________(excite) after hearing the _________ (excite) news.
【解析】第一空是指“人”感到兴奋的,故用excited, 第二空是指令人兴奋的消息,修饰的是事,故用
exciting。
36. Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman _______ (win) the Nobel Prize in medicine.
【解析】当the first, the second, the last, the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰名词时,后常用不定式作定语,故填to win。
37. While waiting for the opportunity to get __________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
【解析】这是“get+过去分词”构成被动语态,如 get burnt被烫伤,get paid获得报酬;本句中的 get
promoted获得提拔,故填promoted。
38. I regret _______(tell) you that I can’t take part in your party next Sunday because I have to attend a meeting
then.
【解析】短语regret to do sth 表示遗憾/抱歉做某事(事情还没有做),故填to tell。
39. It’s no use _____________ (complain) without taking action.
【解析】固定句式 it’s no use doing sth 表示“做某事没有用”,故填complaining。
40. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like _________ (go) for a swim?
【解析】固定搭配feel like doing sth (想要做某事),故填going。
41.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused____________(stop) until we reached the
next stop.
【解析】句意为:我听到我后面的一名乘客向司机大喊,但是司机拒绝停车,直到我们到达下一站。
refuse to do sth.为固定短语,意为“拒绝做某事”, 故填to stop.
42. ____________(avoid)such troubles, we should compare similar items on different online stores and pay more
attention to what other customers say.
【解析】句意为:为了避免这些麻烦,我们应该比较一下不同网店的相似产品并且多留意其他顾客的评
价。此句已有并列谓语,故设空处应填非谓语动词形式;根据句意并分析句子成分可知,应填不定式表目
的,故填To avoid.
43.We can save thousands a year if we compare the prices of similar items before____________(decide) to buy.
【解析】句意为:如果我们在决定买东西之前,比较一下相似产品的价格,一年能省几千块钱。设空处在
介词before的后面,应用动名词,故填deciding.
44.After a disappointing performance, she swore____________(work) harder and improve. She did it.
【解析】句意为:在一次令人失望的表演之后,她发誓要更加刻苦地学习并且有所提高。她做到了。考查
固定搭配swear to do sth.,意为“发誓做某事”。故填 to work。
45.In my mind, our discussions are helping us to become calm and consider____________(win) the game and
solving real problems as well.
【解析】句意为:在我看来,我们的讨论帮助我们变得冷静,并且思考如何赢得比赛和解决真正的问题。
设空处作consider的宾语,应用动名词形式,且(win) the game 和 solving real problems之间为并列关系,
故填winning。
46.He hurried to the railway station, only____________(find) the train had left.
【解析】句意为:他匆匆赶往火车站,结果却发现火车已经开走了。设空处前有谓语动词 hurried,故该空
用非谓语动词形式;only to do sth.表示出乎意料的结果,故填 to find。47.She stood beside a stand for a while, ____________(watch) the middle-aged seller busy doing his business.
【解析】句意为:她在一个摊位旁边站了一会儿,看着那个中年商贩忙着做生意。本句的谓语动词为
stood,与设空处之间没有连词连接,故设空处用非谓语动词形式;watch与She之间构成逻辑上的主动关
系,故用现在分词作伴随状语, 故填watching。
48.By 2025 the number of the world's population____________(live) in countries of significant water shortage
will almost double, to 6 billion people.
【解析】句意为:到2025年,世界上严重缺水国家的人口将几平翻一番,达到60亿。本句的谓语为will
double,设空处考查现在分词作定语,population 和live之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作定语修
饰 population, 故填living。
49.In order____________(tell) the story of the rock star as truthfully as possible, Malek had to give his all.
【解析】句意为:为了尽可能真实地讲述这位摇滚明星的故事,马利克不得不倾尽全力。考查固定搭配 in
order to do sth.,意为“为了做某事”,故填 to tell。
50.As the days passed, he missed____________(see) more sights and his envy turned into hate.
【解析】句意为:随着时光的流逝,他错过了更多的风景,他的嫉妒变成了仇恨。考查固定短语 miss
doing sth.,意为“错过做某事”, 故填 seeing。
51.The little boy stood there with his eyes____________(focus) on the ice-cream in his mother's hand.
【解析】句意为:小男孩站在那里,眼睛盯着妈妈手里的冰淇淋。考查 with的复合结构,短语 focus one's
eyes on...指“把视线集中(聚焦)于。。。。。·”,因此focus和his eyes 之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故用
过去分词, 故填focused。
52.She hurriedly got off the bus, ____________(leave) her handbag on her seat. Not until she arrived home did
she realize that.
【解析】句意为:她匆忙下了公共汽车,把手包落在了座位上。直到回到家,她才意识到。句中已有谓语
动词,且设空处和谓语动词之间没有连词,故设空处用非谓语动词。leave与She之间为逻辑上的主动关
系,故用现在分词作状语, 故填 leaving。
53.With the development of modern technology and communication, the simplest way____________(look)for
former classmates is by searching the World Wide Web.
【解析】句意为:随着现代科技和通信的发展,寻找以前的同学最简单的方法就是上网搜寻。固定短语
the way to do sth.意为“做某事的方法”,设空处应用不定式作定语,故填to look。
54.With time____________(go) by, some people forget their ambitions.
【解析】 句意为:随着时间的流逝,一些人忘记了他们的志向。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构;go和
time 构成逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词短语作宾补,故填going。
55.Being consistently late may cause you____________(start) believing your lateness is acceptable.
【解析】句意为:不断地迟到可能会让你开始相信你的迟到是可以被接受的。cause sb. to do sth.为固定搭
配,意为“导致某人做某事”。故填 to start。
56.The report____________(publish) today says poor countries will experience more flooding, declining food
production and more diseases.
【解析】句意为:今天发表的这份报告称,贫穷国家将受到更多的洪水侵袭,粮食产量将不断下降,并且将滋生更多疾病。设空处应用非谓语动词,report和 publish 之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词作
定语。故填published。
57.This creates a unique living condition for plateau wildlife, making this place "a paradise for wildlife" and
leaving numerous mysteries and beauty____________(explore).
【解析】句意为:这给高原野生动植物创造了独特的生存条件,这个地方也因此成为“野生动植物的天
堂”,等待着人们去探寻它无数的神奇奥秘和美好风景。此处为“leave+宾语+宾补”结构。根据句意可
知,explore的动作还未发生,且explore 与 mysteries and beauty 之间为逻辑上的被动关系,因此应用动词
不定式的被动式作宾补。故填 to be explored。
58.Among the family-friendly activities____________(offer) at Central Park for visitors are workshops, rides
and climbing.
【解析】句意为:中央公园为游客提供的适合家庭的活动中,有研习班、骑行和攀岩活动。本句中谓语动
词为are,因此 offer 应用非谓语动词形式;activities 与 offer 之间为逻辑上的被动关系,此处应用过去分
词作定语修饰 activities, 故填 offered。
59. ____________(write) in a hurry, this article was not so good. Therefore, she was a little regretful.
【解析】句意为:因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好,所以她有一点遗憾。write 和this article 之间为逻
辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词作原因状语,填Written。
60.For many young people, ____________(study) at a university is one of the most important stages of their
lives.
【解析】句意为:对很多年轻人来说,在大学学习是他们人生中最重要的阶段之一。分析句子结构可知,
设空处与后面的at a university 在句中作主语,表示一般性事实,故设空处应用动名词, 故填 studying。
61.Land Art, sometimes____________(refer)to as Earth Art or Earthworks, is a form of art which involves using
physical landscapes to create art.
【解析】句意为:地景艺术,有时被称为大地艺术或大地作品,是一种使用自然景观进行艺术创造的艺术
形式。设空处在句中作定语,Land Art 和refer to 之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故填过去分词referred。
62. ____________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes
you make.
【解析】句意为:忽视这两个研究发现中的不同之处将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。句中已有谓语动词,
设空处作主语,用动名词,故填Ignoring。
63.He raised his voice in order to make himself____________(hear), but in vain. There were too many customers
in the store.
【解析】句意为:为了让别人能听得见他,他提高了声音,但没有用。商店里顾客太多了。考查使役动词
后加宾语和宾补的结构;himself和hear之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故填heard。
64. ____________(praise) by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents.
【解析】句意为:由于受到邻居们的表扬,他成了父母的骄傲。本句的谓语动词为 became,故设空处用非
谓语动词形式;praise和he之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故填过去分词,作原因状语。根据设空处后的by也
可知,设空处应用过去分词, 故填Praised。
65.It was not unusual to find him____________(play) and running around his backyard, wearing his medicine-laden backpack.
【解析】句意为:经常能看到他背着装药的背包在后院玩耍、奔跑。考查“find+宾语+宾补”结构,him
和 play 之间为逻辑上的主动关系,且设空处与 running 之间为并列关系,共同作 find 的宾补,故填
playing。
66.With no money in hand____________(spend), she sighed and had to leave.
【解析】句意为:由于手头没有钱可花了,她叹了口气,不得不离开。根据句意可知,本题考查with的复
合结构,此处用不定式表将来,money和spend之间是逻辑上的被动关系,但此处应用主动表被动。
67. ____________(compare) to the post-90s who have already stepped into society, the majority of post-00s are
students now. They have more opportunities.
【解析】解析:句意为:与已经步入社会的90后相比,现在00后大多是学生。他们有更多的机会。设空
句的谓语动词为are,故设空处应用非谓语动词;compare 和主语 the majority of post-00s 之间为逻辑上的被
动关系,故填 Compared。
68.These benefits may come from extra exercise of walking and____________(play) with pets, and stress relief
for having a good "friend".
【解析】句意为:这些好处可能来自于遛宠物以及和宠物玩耍时所做的额外锻炼,以及有“好朋友”陪伴
时压力的减少。设空处和walking 并列作介词 of 的宾语,故填playing。
69. ____________(wander) aimlessly in the street for hours, she felt a little hungry and wished for something to
eat.
【解析】句意为:她在街上漫无目的地走了几个小时后,感到有点饿了,想吃点东西。本句已有并列谓
语,故设空处用非谓语动词形式;wander与主语she之间构成逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词,而且
wander 这一动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前,故用现在分词的完成式,填Having wandered。