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2023 年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(人教版 2019)
语法填空突破攻略
1
考点复习
攻略1:提示词为动词时, “四个根据”确定时态
试题示例 应对攻略
1. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷) The 80, 000 objects collected by
分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且句
Sir Hans Sloane, for example,
中有标志性的时间状语时, 应根据时间状
__________(form)the core collection of the British
语考虑相应的时态。
Museum which opened in 1759.
2. (2020•全国Ⅲ卷)When he asked the villagers on the
分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且与
banks of the river where he could find the legendary 看到所
句中的另一个谓语动词是并列关系时, 可
(传奇的) artist, they smiled and __________(point) 给提示
考虑时态一致。
down the river. 词是动
词时
分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且没
3. (2020•浙江高考)New methods __________(mean)
有标志性的时间状语时, 则考虑根据语境
that fewer people worked in farming.
确定相应的时态。
4. (2017·天津高考)I ________(drive)down to London 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 且该
when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 句是固定句式时, 考虑用相应的时态。
1. 【解析】formed。考查时态。根据句意“Sir Hans Sloane 收藏的8万件物品形成了大英博物馆的核心馆
藏”和定语从句中的时间状语in 1759可知要用一般过去时。
2. 【解析】pointed。考查时态。and连接两个谓语动词, 空格处的动词形式应和前文中的 smiled一致, 应
用一般过去时。
3. 【解析】meant。考查时态。根据that引导的宾语从句中的时态可知此处用一般过去时。
4. 【解析】was driving。根据固定句型: was/were doing sth. + when. . . , 可知, 应用过去进行时。
【要点提示】
1. 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语
(1)一般现在时:
看到every time, now and then, often, sometimes, usually, occasionally, always, seldom等时间状语, 要想到用一
般现在时。
(2)一般过去时:
看到yesterday, last year, in 2015, the other day, two days ago, 一段时间+later 等时间状语, 要想到用一般过去
时。(3)一般将来时:
看到tomorrow, next year, in a week, in the future, right away, soon, tonight等时间状语, 要想到用一般将来时。
(4)现在进行时:
看到all the time, at this moment, at present, always, continually, constantly等时间状语, 要想到用现在进行时。
(5)现在完成时:
看到since, recently, lately, already, in the last/past few days, so far, up to now, till now, for+时间段, it is the first
time. . . 等标志词, 要想到用现在完成时。
(6)过去完成时:
看到by then, by the end of. . . , by that time, it was the first time. . . 等标志词, 要想到用过去完成时。
2. 牢记常见固定句式中的时态
(1)was/were doing. . . when+一般过去时
(2)was / were about to do. . . when+一般过去时
(3)had (just) done. . . when+一般过去时
(4)Hardly +had +主语+done. . . when+一般过去时
(5)No sooner +had+主语+done. . . than+一般过去时
(6)This/That/It is the +序数词+time +that+现在完成时
(7)This/That/It was the +序数词+time +that+过去完成时
(8)It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时
攻略2:提示词为动词时, 利用逻辑关系确定语态
试题示例 应对攻略
1. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷) The parts of a museum open to the
分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语,
public __________(call)
若与主语之间是主动关系, 应考虑用
看到所 主动语态, 若是被动关系, 则考虑用
galleries or rooms. 给提示 被动语态。
词是动
词时 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语,
2. The pink dress he wants to buy her daughter as her
且表示的是主语所具有的特征时, 应
birthday present online __________(wash) easily.
考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。
1. 【解析】are called。考查被动语态。结合句意“博物馆对外开放的部分被称为展览馆或陈列室”和下文
的时态可知主语the parts和谓语动词call之间为被动关系, 故用一般现在时的被动语态。
2. 【解析】washes。考查时态和语态。wash说明的是主语的特点, 且是客观事实, 应用一般现在时的主动
语态; 主语是第三人称单数, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
【要点提示】
1. 牢记几种常考时态的被动语态构成常考时态 被动语态构成
一般现在时 am/is/are done
现在完成时 have/has been done
现在进行时 am/is/are being done
一般过去时 was/were done
过去完成时 had been done
过去进行时 was/were being done
一般将来时 will be done
过去将来时 would be done
2. 切记不及物动词(词组)没有被动语态
breathe, happen, exist, remain, rise, taste, survive, belong to, break out, break down, come up, come true, take
place, date from / back to, consist of等。
攻略3:提示词为动词时, “三原则”确定主谓一致
试题示例 应对攻略
1. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷) Often, only a small part of a 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 要考
museum’s collection __________(be)on display. 虑语法一致原则确定其单复数。
分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 看到
看到所
2. Not only the students but also the teacher 主语由 not only. . . but also, either. . . or,
给提示
________(enjoy) listening to the music. neither. . . nor等连接时, 要考虑就近原则
词是动
确定谓语动词的单复数。
词时
3. (2019·江苏高考改编)The musician along with his 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作谓语, 看到
band members __________(give) ten performances in 主语后跟有along with引导的短语, 要考虑
the last three months. 就远原则确定谓语动词的单复数。
1. 【解析】is。考查主谓一致。句子主语中心词为a small part, 结合上下文的时态可知用一般现在时的单
数形式。
2. 【解析】enjoys。分析句子结构可知, enjoy在句中作谓语, 主语是not only the students but also the teacher,
根据就近一致原则, enjoy应与the teacher形式保持一致, 因此用第三人称单数形式。
3. 【解析】has given。考查主谓一致和时态。根据 in the last three months可知, 应用现在完成时; 主语为
the musician, 为第三人称单数形式, along with his band members是附加成分, 谓语动词应用现在完成时的第
三人称单数形式。
【要点提示】
1. 可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数; 可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。
2. 就近一致原则
由neither. . . nor. . . , either. . . or. . . , not only. . . but also. . . , not. . . but. . . 等连接并列主语时, 谓语要和位置
上最近的主语保持一致。3. 就远原则
主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to 等引
导的短语时, 谓语动词的数要与前面的主语一致。
4. 集体名词看作整体时, 谓语用单数形式; 看作个体时, 谓语用复数形式。
5. 非谓语动词、从句作主语时, 谓语一般用单数形式。
6. “many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用单数, 表示复数意义。
7. “half/most/the rest/the remaining/one third of +名词”作主语时, 若这个结构中的名词为复数, 则谓语用复
数形式; 若这个结构中的名词为单数或不可数名词, 则谓语用单数形式。
8. all, the remaining, the rest, what, who, some, most等作主语时, 谓语动词的数根据它们的实际意义而定。
攻略4:提示词为动词时, 根据句法功能确定非谓语动词形式
试题示例 应对攻略
分析句子结构, 发现提示词作非谓语动
1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the
词, 且在句中作目的状语、意料之外的结
instruments onboard Chang’e-4 __________(find) and
果或形容词后作状语时, 应考虑用不定
study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
式。
2. (2020•浙江高考)Later, they learned to work with 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作非谓语动
the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry 词, 且在句中作时间、伴随、条件、意料
areas, __________( make) use of annual floods to 之内的结果、方式等状语或定语时, 应考
irrigate (灌溉) their fields. 虑用现在分词或过去分词。
看到所
给提示
词是动
词时
3. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷) As well as looking at exhibits,
分析句子结构, 发现提示词作非谓语动
visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and
词, 且在句中作主语或宾语时, 要考虑用
imagine themselves living at a different time in history
动名词或不定式。
or __________(walk)through a rainforest.
1. 【解析】to find。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 此处是作use the instruments的目的状语, 应用
不定式。
2. 【解析】making。考查非谓语动词。此处making和前面的planting是并列关系, 作方式状语。
3. 【解析】walking。 考查非谓语动词。结合句意和并列连词 or可知此处的walking和前文的living是并
列的结构。imagine sb. doing sth. 。
【要点提示】牢记非谓语动词的句法功能
补 状语
主 宾 表 定
足
时 原 条 伴 目 方 结
语 语 语 语
语
间 因 件 随 的 式 果
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
现在
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
分词
过去
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
分词
动名
√ √ √ √
词
攻略5:提示词为动词时, 根据逻辑关系确定非谓语动词形式
试题示例 应对攻略
1. (2020•全国Ⅲ卷)And when he saw the mists rising from 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作非谓语,
the river and the soft clouds __________(surround) the 且与逻辑主语之间是主动关系时, 考
看到所
mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 虑用现在分词或不定式的主动。
给提示
词是动
2. (2020•全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts and you see them 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作非谓语,
词时
many times __________(decorate) with red envelopes and 且与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 应考
messages of good fortune. 虑过去分词或不定式的被动。
1. 【解析】surrounding。考查非谓语动词。surround和逻辑主语clouds之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词。
2. 【解析】decorated。考查非谓语动词。decorate和逻辑主语them之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词。
【要点提示】通晓逻辑主语的作用
1. 确定非谓语动词用动词-ing形式还是动词-ed形式
若逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主动关系, 则用动词-ing形式; 若逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是被动关系,
则用动词-ed形式。
※Travelling around the city, the man felt uncomfortable because of the noise.
在城市里旅游, 这个男士因为噪音而感觉不舒服。
※Seriously injured, she had to be sent to hospital at once.
由于受伤严重, 她需要立刻被送往医院。
2. 确定非谓语动词用主动语态还是被动语态如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用主动形式; 若为动宾关系则用被动形式。
※The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天要举行的会议很重要。
攻略6:提示词为动词时, 根据固定用法确定非谓语动词形式
试题示例 应对攻略
分析句子结构, 发现提示词作非谓语, 且
1. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) I quickly lower myself, ducking
在介词之后或只接动名词作宾语的动词
my head to avoid ________(look) directly into his
(短语)avoid, admit, put off等后, 应考虑用
eyes.
动名词。
看到所
2. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作非谓语, 且
给提示
shows along with top models, wants 在只接不定式作宾语的动词want, agree,
词是动
________(prove)that she has brains as well as beauty. plan, decide等后, 应考虑用不定式。
词时
分析句子结构, 发现提示词作非谓语, 且
3. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Once his message was delivered, 在只接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短
he allowed me ________(stay) and watch. 语)want, require, allow等后, 应考虑用不
定式。
1. 【解析】looking。avoid后应接动名词作宾语。
2. 【解析】to prove。want意为“想”时, 其后应用不定式作宾语。
3. 【解析】to stay。allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。
【要点提示】牢记非谓语动词的固定用法
1. 只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)
喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)
不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help, give up, risk)
感激承认很值得(appreciate, admit, be worth)
介意想象莫推延(mind, imagine, delay, put off)
允许完成是期望(allow, permit, finish, look forward to)
建议继续勤操练(suggest, go on, practise)
致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to, excuse, insist on)
继续成功不错过(keep on, succeed in, miss)
※He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
2. 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
三个希望两答应(hope, wish, expect, agree, promise)
两个要求莫拒绝(demand, ask, refuse)
设法学会做决定(manage, learn, decide/determine)不要假装在选择(pretend, choose/select)
打算提出俩计划(intend, offer, plan, mean)
申请失败负担起(apply, fail, afford)
准备愿望又碰巧(prepare, desire, happen)
This is the reason why he refused to accept the fact.
这就是为什么他不想接受这个事实的原因。
3. 只能跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
(1)带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词: ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind,
prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。
(2)不带to的不定式作宾语补足语: 使役动词(make, let, have); 感官动词(see, watch, observe, hear, notice)
※Father will not allow us to play in the street.
父亲不允许我们在街上玩耍。
4. with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较
with
※The old woman used to tell stories under the tall tree, with her grandchildren seated around and listening
attentively. 那位老太太过去常常在那棵大树下讲故事, 她的孙儿们会围坐在周围专注地听着。
5. 有些永远固定的非谓语动词形式的结构
considering that鉴于, 考虑到; judging by/from从……来看; supposing/providing/provided/assuming that. . . 假
定, 假设; compared with/to与……相比; generally speaking一般来说; to be honest老实说; to tell you the truth
说实话; to be frank坦率地说; to make matters worse情况更为糟糕的是。
6. 若非谓语动词在下列结构中, 则只能用不定式
so. . . as to. . . ; such. . . as to. . . ; enough to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; the+序数词/next/only/last+名词+to do. . . 以及
it+takes+时间+to do sth. 等结构。
※Yet it is amazing that the film is funny enough to earn laughter from beginning to end. 然而令人吃惊的是, 这
部电影如此有趣以至于从头到尾都有笑声。
攻略7:提示词为名词时, 确定其正确形式的解题技巧
试题示例 应对攻略
1. (2020•浙江高考)Later, they learned to work with the
分析句子结构, 发现提示词作主语或宾
__________(season), planting at the right time and, in 当提示
语, 词性不需要改变, 应考虑名词复数
dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌 词为名
形式。 :
溉) their fields. 词时
2. (2020• 全 国 Ⅱ 卷 )The __________(beauty) long 分析句子结构, 发现需要改变词性, 应branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make
考虑其形容词或动词形式。
fantastic decorations.
3. They are holding conferences to discuss the 分析句子结构, 发现提示词与其后的名
________(student) future. 词是所属关系, 应考虑用名词所有格。
1. 【解析】seasons。考查名词复数。此处指人们学会了随着季节的变化进行工作。一年有四个季节, 应用
season的复数。
2. 【解析】beautiful。考查词性转换。和long一起修饰后面的名词branches, 应用形容词。
3. 【解析】students’。考查名词所有格。此处student和后面的名词future之间是所属关系, 应用名词所有
格。
【要点提示】
熟记名词变动词和形容词的后缀
前缀/后缀 示例
en- courage n. 勇气→encourage vt. 鼓励
-en strength n. 力气→strengthen vt. 加强
-ize apology n. 道歉→apologize v. 道歉
-al nature n. 自然→natural adj. 自然的
-y health n. 健康→healthy adj. 健康的
-ful help n. 帮助→helpful adj. 有帮助的
-ous danger n. 危险→dangerous adj. 危险的
-ive impression n. 印象→impressive adj. 印象深刻的
-ible access n. 进入, 使用权, 通路→accessible adj. 容易取得的
攻略8:提示词为形容词或副词时, 确定其正确形式的解题技巧
试题示例 应对攻略
分析句子结构, 发现提示词是形容词且需
1. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Landing on the moon’s far side is
要改变词性时, 应考虑用派生的副词或名
__________(extreme) challenging.
词。
当提示
2. (2020·全国Ⅲ卷)One day the emperor wanted to get
词为形 分析句子结构, 发现不需要改变词性或有
his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to
容词或 比较关系的标志词如than, even, in /of介
come and present their __________(fine) work, so
副词时 词短语等时, 应考虑其比较级或最高级。
that he could choose the best.
3. This man may have killed others but 分析句子结构, 发现词义相反, 应考虑用
________(fortunately) we have no firm evidence. 其反义词。
1. 【解析】extremely。考查词性转换。 修饰形容词challenging要用副词。
2. 【解析】finest。考查形容词最高级。空格中的词修饰的是work, 根据后文中the best可知应填fine的最
高级finest。3. 【解析】unfortunately。考查词性转换。根据语境可知, “没有确凿的证据”是件不幸的事情, 应用
unfortunately。
【要点提示】
1. 熟记形容词变副词的规则
情况 变化规则 示例
一般情况 直接加-ly brave→bravely
双音节、多
变y为i, 再
音节, 以-y easy→easily happy→happily
加-ly
结尾
单音节, 以-
直接加-ly dry→dryly shy→shyly
y结尾
以-le结尾 去e加-y simple→simply gentle→gently
以元音字
去e加-ly true→truly
母+-e结尾
以-ll结尾 只加-y full→fully dull→dully
basic→basically
以-ic结尾 加-ally
scientific→scientifically
2. 牢记形容词变名词的后缀
后 缀 示 例
-age short adj. 短缺的→shortage n. 不足; 短缺
-cy fluent adj. 流利的→fluency n. 流利; 流畅
-dom wise adj. 聪明的→wisdom n. 明智; 智慧
-ence different adj. 不同的→difference n. 差异
-ness weak adj. 虚弱的→weakness n. 虚弱; 弱点
-th strong adj. 强壮的→strength n. 力气, 优势
-y difficult adj. 困难的→difficulty n. 困难
-ty safe adj. 安全的→safety n. 安全
-ity responsible adj. 负责的→responsibility n. 责任
3. 牢记比较等级的常见结构
(1)句中含有than, much, any, far, still, even, a bit, a lot等时, 要用比较级。
(2)the +比较级. . . the +比较级 越……越……
(3)比较级+and+比较级 越来越……
(4)the +比较级+of the two+名词复数 两者中较……的那个
(5)the +最高级+in(of, among). . . 在某范围内最……
攻略9:提示词为代词时, 确定其正确形式的解题技巧试题示例 应对攻略
1. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) When the gorillas and I frightened each 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作宾语时,
other, I was just glad to find ________(they) alive. 应考虑用宾格的人称代词。
2. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)As well as looking at exhibits,
分析句子结构, 发现提示词作动词或
visitors can play with computer simulations( 模 拟 )and
当提示 介词的宾语, 且和主语是同一人时,
imagine __________(they) living at a different time in
词为代 应考虑用其反身代词。
history or walking through a rainforest.
词时
3. (2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Data about the moon’s composition,
such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could 分析句子结构, 发现提示词作定语时,
help China decide whether __________(it) plans for a 应考虑用形容词性的物主代词。
future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
1. 【解析】them。考查代词。空格前面是动词, 空格处应用宾格。
2. 【解析】themselves。考查词性转换。根据句意“参观者们利用计算机模拟, 想象着他们自己生活在历史
上的不同时期或者行走在热带雨林”可知, 应用反身代词。
3. 【解析】its。考查词性转换。根据结构可知空格处的词应是 plans的定语, 故需填形容词性物主代词
its。
【要点提示】
1. 人称代词: 人称代词的主格主要作主语; 宾格作宾语或表语。
2. 物主代词: 形容词性的物主代词只能作定语; 名词性的物主代词可作主语、宾语或表语。
3. 反身代词: 作宾语、表语或同位语。
攻略10:当空格需要填冠词时的解题技巧
空格后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义, 或有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级
等形式时, 则空格处一般填冠词。
试题示例 应对攻略
分析句子结构, 发现在单数可数名词前,
1. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call saying she was
表示泛指时, 应考虑用不定冠词a或者
short-listed, we thought it was __________joke.
an。
当空格
2. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ) Corn production has jumped
处需要 分析句子结构, 发现在名词前, 表示特指
nearly 125 percent over ________past 25 years, while
填冠词 时, 应考虑用定冠词the。
rice has increased only 7 percent.
时
3. (2020• 全 国 Ⅱ 卷 )The plum trees are 分析句子结构, 看冠词是否与名词构成固
__________first to flower even as the snow is 定搭配或者是否在序数词、最高级等前
melting(融化). 面。
1. 【解析】a。考查冠词。根据句意“我们以为这是一个玩笑”, 以及joke为可数名词, 可知用不定冠词。
2. 【解析】the。考查定冠词。the past 25 years 意为“过去的25年”, 此处特指过去的25年。
3. 【解析】the。考查冠词。the first第一个人或事物。序数词前应用定冠词the。
【要点提示】牢记含有冠词的常用固定搭配
①含有不定冠词的固定搭配have a rest(休息); have a break(休息); take a walk(散步); have a look(看一看); in a moment(立刻); in a minute(马
上); once upon a time(曾经); twice a week(一周两次); a type of(一种); a pile of(一堆); a great amount of(大量的);
as a result(结果); in a hurry(立刻); in a word(总之); have a good knowledge of(了解) 等。
②含有定冠词的固定搭配
make the most of (充分利用); in the daytime (白天); in the end (最后); in the habit of (有……习惯); not in the
least(not at all) (一点也不); in the distance (在远处); in the way(挡道); on the whole(总之); on the right/left (在
右/左边); at the same time(同时); at the moment (此时); on the spot (当场); go to the cinema/theatre (去看电影);
to tell the truth(说实话); go to the doctor’s (去看病); for the time being (暂时); on the radio/phone (通过无线电广
播/广播电话); by the way(顺便说一下)等。
攻略11:当空格需要填介词时的解题技巧
当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时, 其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、
名词、形容词的搭配。
试题示例 应对攻略
分析句子结构, 发现空格放在名词前
1. (2020•全国Ⅲ卷)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by
后时, 应考虑名词与介词的搭配。
the greatest artist __________earth, Mother Nature.
当空格
2. (2020· 新 高 考 Ⅰ 卷 )Museums must compete 分析句子结构, 发现空格放在不及物
处需要
__________people’s spare time and money with other 动词后名词前时, 应考虑动词与介词
填介词
amusements. 的搭配。
时
分析句子结构, 发现空格放在形容词
3. (2020• 全 国 Ⅱ 卷 )Bamboo plants are associated
后名词前时, 应考虑形容词与介词的
__________health, abundance and a happy home.
搭配。
1. 【解析】on。考查介词。根据后文earth及语义搭配, 填on。
2. 【解析】for。考查介词。根据句意“为得到人们的空闲时间和钱, 博物馆要和其他娱乐活动竞争”可知
表示目的, 故填入介词for。
3. 【解析】with。考查介词。be associated with是固定搭配, 表示“和……有联系”。
【要点提示】 牢记常考介词构成的短语
1. 由at构成的短语
at dawn/sunrise/noon/night/dusk黎明、日出、中午、晚上、黄昏; at table/college吃饭、上大学; at last最后; at
a time一次; at times有时候; at the same time同时; at all costs不惜一切代价; at least至少; at the thought/sight
of一想到/一看到; at home在家; at risk冒险; at one time曾经; at present目前; at first最初; at most至多
2. 由by构成的短语
by accident/chance偶然; by turns轮流; by check用支票; by mistake错误地; by no means决不; by e-mail通过电子邮件; by birth出身; by means of借助……手段; by the way顺便说一句
3. 由from构成的短语
from memory凭记忆; from day to day日复一日; from now on 从现在起; from bad to worse越来越糟; from
beginning to end 从头到尾; from time to time时不时地
4. 由in构成的短语
in high/poor/bad spirits情绪高涨/低落/差; in tears热泪盈眶; in fear在恐惧中; in danger在危险中; in peace和
平相处; in surprise 惊讶地; in trouble 陷入困境; in safety 很安全; in need有需要; in good order 很整齐; in
silence静静地; in doubt有疑问; in a sense从某种意义上来说; in flower开花; in advance事先; in the meantime
同时; in case假使; in case of如果发生; in fact实际上; in general一般说来; in turn 轮流; in public公开地; in
short总之; in one’s opinion在某人看来; in no time立刻; in all总共; in brief简而言之; in good condition状况好;
in order井井有条; in other words换句话说; in return作为报答; in the course of在……过程中; in the end最后;
in the long run从长远来看
5. 由on构成的短语
on board乘(车, 飞机); on duty值班; on fire着火; on earth到底; on holiday/vacation度假; on strike罢工; on
show在上映; on (the) average平均; on purpose故意地; on the contrary相反; on the way to在途中; on foot步行;
on hire雇用; on business出差; on sale在出售/在打折; on a visit在访问; on the spot当场; on the phone在打/接
电话; on time准时
6. 由of构成的短语
①of+抽象名词=形容词
②of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词
如It is of great/much value. =It is very valuable.
③of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词
如It is of no use. =It is not useful. =It is useless.
7. 由out of构成的短语
out of breath气喘吁吁; out of control失去控制; out of danger脱险; out of work失业; out of date过时; out of
fashion不时尚; out of order发生故障; out of reach拿不到; out of touch失去联系; out of the question不可能;
out of question没问题
攻略12:当空格需要填代词时的解题技巧
当句中缺少主语或宾语时, 一般要填代词, 主要包括不定代词和it。
试题示例 应对攻略
1. (2018·浙江 6 月高考) Many westerners who come to 当空格 分析句子结构, 发现句子缺少形式主China cook much less than in their own countries once they
语或形式宾语时, 应考虑用it。
realize how cheap ________can be to eat out.
处需要
2. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) If you are time poor, you need run for 填代词 分析句子结构, 发现指代上文中所提
时
only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, 到的人或物时, 应考虑用相应的代
so perhaps we should all give________ a try. 词。
1. 【解析】it。考查代词。it作形式主语, 不定式to eat out为真正的主语。
2. 【解析】it。考查代词。根据句意可知, 此处表示“我们都应该试着跑跑步”, 故填代词it, 指代上文的
run。
【要点提示】
1. 熟记不定代词的区别
the other 指两者中的另一个, 表示特指
other 表示泛指, 意为“另外的, 其他的”, 修饰可数名词复数, 不可单独使用
others 泛指“其他人”或“其他物”, 常用结构: some. . . others. . .
the others 表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”
another 泛指同类的人或物, 指三者或三者以上的另一个, 可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数
one 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的 “一个”, 其复数形式是 ones
that 指代上文出现的单数名词或不可数名词
those 指代上文出现的复数名词
2. 牢记代词it的常考用法
①指代天气、时间、距离等。
②代替上文提到过的事物。
③代替性别不明的婴儿、动物或不确定的某个人。
④代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。
⑤it的常用固定句型
·It is/was+被强调成分+that+其他
·It+be+adj. +of/for sb. to do sth.
·It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
·It is a pity/a fact/no wonder/adj. +that. . .
·It seems/appears/turned out/occurred to sb. +that. . .
·It is said/reported/believed. . . +that. . .
·It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.
·主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/make/keep. . . +it+补语+to do sth. /that. . .
·主语+like/hate/love/appreciate. . . +it+从句
攻略13:当空格需要填并列连词时的解题技巧试题示例 应对攻略
分析句子结构, 发现有表示平行或对比的
1. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)They kept their collection at
并列结构, 如 not. . . but, both. . . and,
home until it got too big __________until they died,
当空格 neither. . . nor等时, 要考虑相应的并列连
and then it was given to a museum.
处需要 词搭配。
填并列
连词时 分析句子结构, 发现两个或几个单词、短
2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I work not because I have to,
语或句子之间是并列关系时, 应考虑填
__________because I want to.
and, but, or或者so。
1. 【解析】or。 考查并列连词。根据句意“他们把收藏品保存在家中直到收藏数量过大或者直到他们去
世”可知填入表示选择关系的并列连词。
2. 【解析】but。考查并列连词。分析句子结构并根据句意“我工作不是因为我不得不工作, 而是因为我想
工作”可知使用了并列结构“not. . . but. . . 不是……而是……”。
【要点提示】
1. 牢记并列连词的基本含义
and表并列或顺承, but表转折, or表选择, so表因果, for表因为, while表对比且含义为“而”。
2. 熟知常见的固定结构
并列关系 both. . . and. . . 两者都, not only. . . but (also). . . 不但……而且……
either. . . or. . . 或者……或者……, neither. . . nor. . . 既不……也不……, not. . . but. . . 不
选择关系
是……而是……
was / were doing . . . when. . . 正在做……, 突然……
特殊并列
was /were about to do . . . when. . . 正要做……, 突然……
连词when
had (just) done. . . when. . . 刚做完……, 突然……
祈使句+and/or+陈述句
攻略14:当空格需要填关系词时的解题技巧
试题示例 应对攻略
1. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)The 80, 000 objects collected by Sir 分析句子结构, 发现从句中缺少主
Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of 语、宾语或表语时, 考虑填关系代词
the British Museum __________opened in 1759. 当空格 that, which, who, whom或as。
处需要
2. (2020• 全 国 Ⅲ 卷 )In ancient China lived an artist 分析句子结构, 发现从句中缺少定语
填关系
__________paintings were almost lifelike. 时, 考虑填关系代词whose。
词引导
3. (2020•全国Ⅰ卷)Because the moon’s body blocks direct 定语从
分析句子结构, 发现从句中缺少时
句时
radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a
间、地点或原因状语时, 考虑填关系
satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________it
副词when, where或why。
could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
1. 【解析】which/that。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, the British Museum后是定语从句, 从句中缺少
主语, 指代先行词the British Museum, 应用关系代词which/that。
2. 【解析】whose。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, artist后是定语从句, 从句中缺少paintings的定语,应用关系代词whose。
3. 【解析】where。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知, spot后是定语从句, 从句中缺少地点状语, 应用关系副
词where。
【要点提示】
1. as 和which的使用两注意
which as
位置 先行词后 句首、句中、句末
意思 这一点, 这, 这情况 正如……, 正像……
※She has married again, as was expected.
正如预料的那样, 她又结婚了。
※He broke the rules again, which was unexpected.
他又违规了, 这是意料之外的。
2. “介词+关系代词”的使用三规则
构成 用法
介词(短语)+which/whom 介词提前时, 指物只能用which, 指人只能用whom
数词/形容词最高级/不定代
表示部分与整体的关系
词+of+which/whom
the+名词+of+which/whom 表示所属关系, 可转化为“whose+名词”
攻略15:当空格需要填名词性从句引导词时的解题技巧
试题示例 应对攻略
1. (2020•浙江高考)Over thousands of years, they
分析句子结构, 发现从句中缺少主语、宾
began to depend less on __________could be hunted
语、表语或定语时, 应考虑用连接代词
or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they
what, which, who, whom或whose。 :
had raised and crops they had sown.
当空格
处需要 分析句子结构, 发现从句中缺少时间、地
2. (北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-
引导名 点、原因或方式状语时, 应考虑用连接副
lined street, not knowing ________she was heading.
词性从 词when, where, why或how。
句时
3. (天津高考)She asked me ________I had returned 分析句子结构, 发现从句结构和意义都完
the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t. 整时, 应考虑用连接词 that; 空格表达
“是否”之意时, 应考虑用连接词
whether或if。
1. 【解析】what。考查名词性从句。介词on后是宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 应用what引导。
2. 【解析】where。考查名词性从句。句意: 简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着, 根本不知道去往何方
根据句意和句子结构可知, 宾语从句中缺少表示地点的连接词, 故填where。
3. 【解析】whether/if。考查名词性从句。句意: 她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了, 我承认我还没有。
whether/if是否, 引导宾语从句。【要点提示】把握what引导名词性从句的意义
表示“……的东西或事情”; 表示“……的样子或人”; 表示“……的数量或数目”; 表示“……的时间”;
表示“……的地方”。
*A new building has been built in what used to be an old temple. 在过去是一座古庙的地方建了一座新建筑。
2
能力强化
1
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Walking is great for weight loss, but the benefits go far beyond from higher energy and better mood to stress
relief, creativity boost, and more. Whether you’re just having a down day or a down life, taking ___1___ walk can
lift your mood especially when you go outdoors.
Money for a gym membership, home exercise ___2___ (equip), workout clothes and shoes ___3___ (add)
up a lot. But it doesn’t have to. Walking requires ___4___ (absolute) nothing but still provides great health
benefits. And ___5___ it can save is not only on things, but also on healthcare. Those who exercised regularly
saved much money when it came to healthcare costs compared to those not meeting the minimum weekly exercise
requirements.
Sleeping a solid eight hours a day ___6___ (be) one of the most important ___7___ (thing) you can do for
your health. But sometimes that’s easier ___8___ (say) than to do. Thankfully, a fast walk may be all you need.
People who exercise regularly, including walking, fall asleep more quickly, sleep ___9___ (long), and have better
quality sleep. Walking is also good for your brain. When you walk, your foot’s impact ___10___ the ground sends
pressure waves through the arteries (动脉) that increase blood flow to the brain.
2
I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled“A Real Test in My Life"before the whole
class at the age of 9!You can imagine how I____11____ (terrible)shy I was with so many eyes ____12____ (fix)
on me.I had no____13____ (choose)but to prepare for it,though.
First of all,I was to draft the speech,which was just a piece of cake for me,a good writer.But the hardest part
____14____ (lie)in my oral presentation from my memory-for to read from the paper was not allowed.The real
moment began ____15____I stood on the platform with my legs trembling and my mind blank.But my listeners
were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me.Gradually I found myself back, ____16____ (deliver)my
speech.After what seemed to be a hundred years,I found that my audience burst into applause-I made____17____From then on,my fear of talking before the audience disappeared.
Actually with my ____18____ (confident )building up,I now turn out to be a great speaker.Looking back,I
know the greatest difficulty on our way ____19____success is our fear.Overcome it _____20_____we will be able
to achieve our goals.
3
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has formally made an announcement of its first five national parks of 230, 000 from Tibet to Hainan,
focusing on ___21___ (preserve) of its most valuable bio-resources.
Giant Panda National Park will surely be ___22___ hit with the swells of tourists who come yearly for some
of the world’s cutest animals. ___23___ (cover) three provinces (Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu), the region is the
panda’s natural habitat.
The intersection (交汇处) of Jilin and Heilongiang provinces is home to Northeast China Tiger and Leopard
National Park, which ___24___ (set) out to protect the habitats of those two species since its start. It is the unique
area ___25___ live both wild Siberian tigers and Siberian leopards.
China’s best-preserved rainforest is in Hainan, the only place in the world ___26___ (find) the Hainan black-
crested gibbon(黑冠长臂猿). Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park protects the gibbons and ___27___ (they)
environment.
Unlike those three, Wuyishan National Park in Fujian Province and Sanjiangyuan National Park on the
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau focus ___28___ (much) on preserving multiple animals than ___29___ (specific)
protecting one species. They serve various rare and endangered species and conserve biodiversity.
Now, with some tourist programs ____30____ place, these parks will be a good way for tourists to truly
experience the natural originality as well as expansive Chinese landscape.
4
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Our wedding was unconventional and it was exactly what Matt and I wanted. We both had failed marriages in
the past, so we planned to do something different this time ____31____ (express) our desire that this one
____32____ (last); a sunrise ceremony on the Wisconsin shore of Lake Michigan. We even wrote our vows and
____33____ (person) information and put them in a bottle. To share our love with the world, we threw the bottle
into ____34____ lake. “It will be ____35____ (high) interesting to find out where it ends up,” I told Matt.
Since we held this special ceremony, Matt and I had managed to stay together happily. But years later, I beganto have a little ____36____ (anxious) and doubt about our marriage.
One day, Matt went to the mailbox and took out the mail. There was a letter ____37____ (write) to us. He
carried the mail inside, sat down at the kitchen table ____38____ the letter and opened it. It turned out that our
bottle ____39____ (find) by a couple, _____40_____ were also married on the Wisconsin shore on August 18
twenty. Eight years ago. When we read it in disbelief, my negative thoughts about our marriage somehow
disappeared.
5
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently Australia has listed the koala as an endangered species across most of ___41___ (it) east coast, after
a dramatic decline in numbers because ___42___ land clearing, bushfires, drought, disease and other threats. The
federal government has been urged to do more ___43___ (protect) koalas from rapidly decreasing habitats and
climate change.
“This listing adds priority when it comes to the ___44___ (conserve) of the koala,” Environment Minister said
on Friday. She said officials were designing a recovery plan, and land development application would now be
assessed for impacts on the species.
Last year, a New South Wales survey found koalas would be extinct there by 2050 ___45___ there was urgent
action. It estimated that the Black Summer bushfires of 2019-2020 had killed 5,000 koalas and affected 24% of
habitats in New South Wales alone.
“Koalas have gone from no-listing to vulnerable (易危物种) to endangered within a decade. That is a
___46___ (shocking) fast decline,” said a scientist. “Today’s decision is welcome, but it won’t stop koalas
___47___ (slide) towards extinction unless it ___48___ (accompany) by stronger laws.”
Scientists warn that climate change will also ___49___ (worse) bushfires and drought, and reduce ___50___
quality of koalas’ eucalyptus (桉树) leaf diet.
Koalas are also found in South Australia and Victoria but their numbers are on the decrease nationally,
according to protection groups.
6
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As we all know, every sentence we speak____51____ (reflect) something about who we are as humans. Even
people____52____ (speak) the same language have distinct dialects( 方 言 ) that ____53____ (root) in their
history and culture. Language also throws light on____54____ (connect) between us and our natural environment.Plants and animals that are given names____55____ any language are generally ____56____ that are relevant to
people who are speaking the language. While we might think of language as having ____57____ fixed set of
words and rules that we learn in school, in fact language is always evolving. New words begin to emerge
____58____ others fall out of use and pronunciation changes over time. Languages are as diverse as the
communities ____59____ speak them and there are about 7,000 languages around the world. Yet, as many as half
of them could go_____60_____ (silence) by the end of this century.
7
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的单词(不超过三个)或括号内单词的正确形式。
You’ve probably seen athletes who take their own successes too seriously. They celebrate a goal with a very
long victory dance or continually talk big about their abilities. This is the exact opposite of ____61____
sportsmanship is all about.
Everyone feels great when they win, but it ____62____ be just as hard to be a good sport (有体育精神的人)
when you have won a game ____63____ when you have lost one. Sportsmanship takes courage — when you work
really hard at a sport, it’s not easy ____64____(admit) you made a bad play or someone has more skills than you.
In competition — as in life — you may not always win but you can learn much from losing, too. It’s pretty tough to
lose, so it is definitely ____65____ (annoy) if someone continues making fun of you or your team ____66____
the competition is over. Sometimes it’s hard to swallow your pride and walk on. But there’s always the next match.
When you do lose — and it will happen — lose with class (风度). ____67____ (be) proud of how you
performed, or at least realizing things you need to improve for next time, is the key. When it comes to losing,
sportsmanship means congratulating the winners willingly. Also, it means accepting the game result without
complaint and without excuses, ____68____ you sometimes might doubt the referees (裁判员) made some
questionable calls.
When you win, the good way is to be a polite and generous winner. Sportsmanship means admitting victories
____69____ putting your opponents to shame and letting victories speak for themselves, that is, being quietly proud
of success. Despite the fact ______70______ you have a massive win, sportsmanship means still finding ways to
praise your opponents.
8
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shadow theater is a unique art form in China. Thanks to the basic principle of light and shadow projected (投
影) onto a screen, performers use puppets (玩偶) ____71____ (make) from animal skins to tell stories in a form ofopera. Two thousand years ago, the sadness of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty over the death of his
favorite lover was ____72____ (full) relieved by the projection of her figure through a game of lights. This started
____73____ is now known in China as the earliest form of shadow play.
Among all the country’s branches, Beijing shadow theater stands out ____74____ its techniques and its
specific tunes. It ____75____ (experience) a long period of formation and now features unique performance
methods. Its vocal (声乐的) tone and actual puppets draw ____76____ (inspire) from Kunqu Opera and Peking
Opera.
In the past, the shadow theater ____77____ (perform) in the fields, with all performers hidden behind the
scenes; some controlled the puppets and sang, while others managed the music. A performing group would consist
of six or seven people and a box of puppets. When people put on ____78____ play at a market, a light box and a
curtain would be enough ____79____ (start) the show. Requiring only a few things, the theater was characterized
by its mobility, often _____80_____ (appear) at weddings, dinner parties and Chinese New Year celebrations.
9
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When we are young, we fearlessly dream about what our lives might be like. Since I was very young, I
____81____ (dream) of working for the United Nations in some of the most troubled ____82____ (country) in the
world. And thanks to a lot of courage, that dream finally came true.
But here’s the thing about courage: It doesn’t just appear whenever we need it. It’s the result of tough
____83____ (consider) and real work, involving the balance between fear and bravery. ____84____ fear, we’ll do
foolish things. And without courage, we will never step into ____85____ unknown. The balance of the two is
where the magic lies, and it’s balance we all deal with every day.
____86____ (diagnose) with a disease called HIBM three years ago, I found all my muscles affected from
head to toe. It was ____87____ (frighten) news, because I had no idea how the disease might progress. But what
was ____88____ (extreme) disheartening was listening to other people advise me to limit my ambitions and
dreams. So, I ignored them and continued to pursue my dreams of working all over the world.
Life is already scary, so to make our dreams come true, we need to be brave. In facing my fears and
____89____ (find) the courage to push through them, I swear my life has been extraordinary. So live big and try to
let your courage outweigh your fear. You never know _____90_____ it might lead you in the life journey.
10
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。After nearly four years of construction, China’s longest underwater highway tunnel, the Taihu Tunnel, is now
open to vehicle traffic.
Construction workers used over 2 million cubic meters of concrete to build the two-way tunnel, ___91___ has
six lanes (车道) and is 43.6 meters wide. The ceiling of the tunnel is equipped ___92___ colorful LED lights,
designed ___93___ (prevent) drivers from getting tired. At a length of 10.79 kilometers, it provides ___94___
(traveler) with an alternative route to journey between Shanghai and Nanjing.
Connecting Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou, it was built to reduce traffic pressure on the cities next to Lake
Taihu and promote me economic ___95___ (develop) of the cities in the Yangtze River Deltz.
So how good is the Taihu Tunnel ___96___ (compare) with other tunnels around the world? The world’s
longest undersea road tunnel---Norway’s 14.3-kilometer Ryfast ___97___ (run) between the city of Stavanger and
the area of Solbakk. The underwater tunnel part of the Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line, ___98___ highway that travels
under Tokyo Bay, is 9.6 kilometers. In terms of underwater tunnels, the top honor ___99___ (certain) goes to the
Channel Tunnel, which connects England with France by rail. ___100___ (it) underwater part runs for 37.9
kilometers, the longest of any underwater tunnel in the world.
参考答案
1
【答案】1. a
2. equipment
3. adds
4. absolutely
5. what
6. is
7. things
8. to say
9. longer
10. on
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲散步对身体的好处。
1. 考查冠词。句意:无论你是在度过沮丧的一天,还是在过沮丧的生活,散步都能提升你的心情,尤其是
当你出门时。walk辅音音素开头搭配a,take a walk表“散步”,为固定搭配。故填a。
2. 考查名词。句意:健身房会员、家庭健身器材、运动服和运动鞋的费用加起来很多。由前文 a gymmembership 可知,此空也应填名词和前面并列。且 equipment 表“设备”,为不可数名词。故填
equipment。
3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:健身房会员、家庭健身器材、运动服和运动鞋的费用加起来很多。分析句
子可知,此空应填谓语动词,此句的主语为Money,时态保持和前后文一致用一般现在时,所以此空应用
动词第三人称单数形式。故填adds。
4. 考查副词。句意:步行不需要任何东西,但仍然对健康有益。分析句子可知,此空应填副词 absolutely
作状语修饰前面动词 requires。故填absolutely。
5. 考查主语从句。句意:它能节省的不仅仅是东西,还包括医疗保健。分析句子可知, it
can save是主语从句,从句中缺宾语且指代物,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
6. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:每天睡八个小时是对你的健康最重要的事情之一。分析句子可知,此句动
名词Sleeping a solid eight hours a day充当主语,且时态为一般现在时,所以谓语应用动词第三人称单数。
故填is。
7. 考查名词复数。句意:每天睡八个小时是对你的健康最重要的事情之一。one of 后面应加可数名词复数。
故填things。
8. 考查非谓语。句意:但有时说起来容易做起来难。分析句子可知,这里考查sth.+be+adj.+to do结构,动
词不定式主动表被动。故填to say。
9. 考查副词比较级。句意:经常锻炼(包括散步)的人睡得更快,睡得更长,睡眠质量更好。由前文
more quickly可知,此空也应用副词long的比较级,作状语修饰动词sleep。故填longer。
10. 考查介词。句意:当你走路时,你的脚对地面的冲击会通过动脉发出压力波,增加流向大脑的血液。
impact on表“对……影响”,为固定搭配。故填on。
2
【答案】11. terribly
12. fixed
13. choice
14. lay
15. when
16. delivering
17. it
18. confidence
19. to20. and
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解了作者回忆自己在9岁时,准备公开演讲的经历。
11. 考查副词。句意:你可以想象我是多么害羞,被那么多眼睛盯着我。分析句子可知,此处应填入副词
修饰形容词shy,再根据提示,故填terribly。
12. 考查非谓语动词。句意:你可以想象我是多么害羞,被那么多眼睛盯着我。分析句子可知,with复合
结构中的so many eyes与fix之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式的非谓语动词。根据提示,故填fixed。
13. 考查名词。句意:我别无选择,只能做好准备。分析句子可知,no后接名词,且该句式为have no
choice but to do sth.意为“除了做某事外,别无选择”,故填 choice。
14. 考查时态。句意:但最困难的部分在于我记忆中的口头陈述——因为不允许从论文中阅读。分析句子
可知,此处应填入谓语动词。根据时间状语at the age of 9可知,本句应为一般过去时态, lie其过去式为
lay。故填lay。
15. 考查连词。句意:真正的那一刻开始,我站在讲台上,双腿颤抖,头脑一片空白。分析句子结构可知,
该句是定语从句,其先行词为The real moment,表示时间,故用when来引导该定语从句。故填when。
16. 考查非谓语动词。句意:渐渐地,我发现自己回来了,开始演讲。分析句子可知,此处应用非谓语动
词。动词 deliver 与逻辑主语 I 之间是“主谓关系”,应用 ing 形式的非谓语动词。根据提示,故填
delivering。
17. 考查代词。句意:似乎过了一百年,我发现我的听众爆发出掌声——我做到了。make it意为“成功做
到某事”,符合句意,故填it。
18. 考查名词。句意:事实上,随着我信心的建立,我现在变成了一个伟大的演说家。分析句子可知,形
容词性物主代词my之后应加名词,根据提示,故填confidence。
19. 考查介词。句意:回首往事,我知道我们成功之路上最大的困难是我们的恐惧。on one’s way to意为
“在某人往……去的路上”,符合句意,故填to。
20. 考查连词。句意:克服它,我们将能够实现我们的目标。分子句子可知,前一句为祈使句,后一句为
陈述句。祈使句+and+陈述句,相当于含有条件状语从句的句子“如果……,就……”符合句意,故填
and。
3
【答案】21. preservation
22. a
23. Covering
24. has set25. where
26. to find
27. their
28. more
29. specifically
30. in
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国第一批五个国家公园的情况及其意义。
21. 考查名词。句意:中国已正式宣布从西藏到海南的首批五个国家公园,占地 23万平方公里,重点保
护其最宝贵的生物资源。分析句子可知,介词on之后,应该加上名词作为宾语,根据提示,此处应用名词
preservation(保护),且为不可数名词,故填preservation。
22. 考查冠词。句意:大熊猫国家公园每年都会吸引大批游客前来观赏世界上最可爱的动物。hit此处泛指
“受欢迎的事物”应用不定冠词,且hit是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
23. 考查非谓语动词。句意:该地区覆盖四川、陕西、甘肃三省,是大熊猫的自然栖息地。分析句子结构
可知cover在句中应用非谓语动词形式作状语,与逻辑主语the region构成主动关系,故用现在分词。句首
单词首字母要大写,且根据提示,故填Covering。
24. 考查时态。句意:吉林省和黑龙江省交汇处的交汇处是东北虎豹国家公园的所在地,该公园从一开始
就着手保护这两种物种的栖息地。根据后文 since its start可知从句用现在完成时,从句谓语与先行词
Northeast Chins Tiger and Leopard National Park保持一致,助动词用has。故填has set。
25. 考查定语从句。句意:这是一个独特的地区,同时生活着野生东北虎和东北豹。此处为定语从句修饰
先行词area,从句为倒装句,关系副词where在从句中作状语,相当于in this area。故填where。
26. 考查非谓语动词。句意:中国保存最完好的热带雨林在海南,世界上唯一发现黑冠长臂猿的地方。
place前有the only修饰,后面的定语用to do形式。故填to find。
27. 考查代词。句意:海南热带雨林国家公园保护长臂猿和它们的生存环境。修饰后文名词environment应
用形容词性物主代词,且这里表示“长臂猿的生存环境”。故填their。
28. 考查形容词。句意:与这三个国家不同的是,福建省武夷山国家公园和青藏高原三江源国家公园更注
重保护多种动物,而不是专门保护一个物种。结合后文than可知应用much的比较级形式。故填more。
29. 考查副词。句意:与这三个国家不同的是,福建省武夷山国家公园和青藏高原三江源国家公园更注重
保护多种动物,而不是专门保护一个物种。修饰后文动词protect应用副词specifically,作状语。再根据提
示,故填specifically。30. 考查介词。句意:现在,随着一些旅游项目的准备就绪,这些公园将成为游客真正体验自然原创性和
广阔中国景观的好方法。短语in place意为“到位”,符合句意,故填in。
4
【答案】31. to express
32. would last
33. personal
34. the
35. highly
36. anxiety
37. written
38. with
39. had been found
40. who
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫结婚时扔进湖里的漂流瓶多年后被一对夫妻发现
并给作者写来了一封信。读完信,作者对自己婚姻的焦虑和怀疑也因此消除。
31. 考查非谓语动词。句意:我们都有过失败的婚姻,所以我们计划这次以与众不同的形式来举行我们的
婚礼,以表达我们对这段婚姻能长久的渴望。分析句子可知,此处为目的状语,用动词不定式。故填to
express。
32. 考查时态。句意:我们都有过失败的婚姻,所以我们计划这次以与众不同的形式来举行我们的婚礼,
以表达我们对这段婚姻能长久的渴望。根据上文的desire以及语境可知,这是过去对未来的期望,也就是
用过去将来时。故填would last。
33. 考查形容词。句意:我们甚至写下了我们的誓言和个人信息,并把它们放在一个瓶子里。根据空后的
名词information可知,空处用形容词修饰。故填personal。
34. 考查冠词。句意:为了与世界分享我们的爱,我们把瓶子扔进湖中。修饰名词用冠词,lake为上文提
到的“Lake Michigan”,为特指,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
35. 考查副词。句意:“弄清楚它的结局在哪里将是非常有趣的。”我告诉马特。修饰形容词interesting用
副词形式。故填highly。
36. 考查名词。句意:但是多年以后,我开始对我们的婚姻产生了一些焦虑和怀疑。根据下文的 and doubt
可知,空处和doubt保持一致,用名词形式宾语,anxiety“焦虑”,由a little修饰,用作不可数名词。故填
anxiety。37. 考查非谓语动词。句意:有一封写给我们的信。名词letter和write之间存在被动关系,所以用过去分
词作后置定语。故填written。
38. 考查介词。句意:他把信拿了进去,拿着信坐在厨房的桌子旁,打开了信。根据句意可知,这里用介
词短语表示伴随状语,意思为“拿着、带着”。故填with。
39. 考查时态和语态。句意:原来,我们的瓶子是被一对夫妇发现的,他们也是于 8月18日在威斯康辛州
的海岸上结婚的。根据句意可知,动作find发生在turned之前,所以用过去完成时;主语为our bottle,单
数,和动词之间存在被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填had been found。
40. 考查定语从句。句意:原来,我们的瓶子是被一对夫妇发现的,他们也是于 8月18日在威斯康辛州的
海岸上结婚的。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为a couple,在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系代
词who引导。故填who。
5
【答案】41. its
42. of
43. to protect
44. conservation
45. unless
46. shockingly
47. sliding
48. is accompanied
49. worsen
50. the
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了澳大利亚将考拉列为东海岸大部分地区的濒危物种。
41. 考查代词。句意:最近,澳大利亚将考拉列为其东海岸大部分地区的濒危物种,此前由于土地清理、
丛林大火、干旱、疾病和其他威胁,考拉数量急剧下降。结合语意,澳大利亚将考拉列为它的东海岸大部
分地区的濒危物种,空处应用形容词性物主代词its,表示“它的”。故填its。
42. 考查介词。句意:最近,澳大利亚将考拉列为其东海岸大部分地区的濒危物种,此前由于土地清理、
丛林大火、干旱、疾病和其他威胁,考拉数量急剧下降。because of为固定短语,表示“由于,因为”,
所以空处应用介词of。故填of。
43. 考查非谓语动词。句意:联邦政府被敦促采取更多措施保护考拉免受栖息地迅速减少和气候变化的影
响。结合语意,联邦政府被敦促采取更多措施是为了保护考拉免受影响,空处应用不定式形式作目的状语。故填to protect。
44. 考查名词。句意:环境部长周五表示:“当谈到考拉的保护时,这份清单增加了优先权。”分析句子
结构,空处作介词to的宾语,应用名词conservation,表示“保护”。故填conservation。
45. 考查连词。句意:去年,新南威尔士州的一项调查发现,除非采取紧急行动,否则到2050年考拉就会
在当地灭绝。结合语意,除非采取紧急行动,否则考拉会面临灭绝,所以空处应用连词 unless,表示“除
非”。故填unless。
46. 考查副词。句意:这是一个惊人地快速的下降。空处修饰形容词 fast,应用副词形式作状语,
shockingly是副词,表示“骇人地”。故填shockingly。
47. 考查非谓语动词。句意:今天的决定是受欢迎的,但除非该决定伴有更强有力的法律,否则它无法阻
止考拉走向灭绝。stop sb. (from) doing sth.为固定结构,表示“阻止某人做某事”,所以空处应用动名词形
式作介词from的宾语。故填sliding。
48. 考查时态和语态。句意:今天的决定是受欢迎的,但除非该决定伴有更强有力的法律,否则它无法阻
止考拉走向灭绝。unless引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在时表示将来意义,accompany与主语it之间是被
动关系,应用一般现在时的被动态,主语是it,be动词应用is。故填is accompanied。
49. 考查动词。句意:科学家警告说,气候变化还将加剧丛林大火和干旱,并降低考拉桉树叶饮食的质量。
分析句子结构,空处应用动词与reduce并列,作句子谓语,will后接动词原形形式。故填worsen。
50. 考查冠词。句意:科学家警告说,气候变化还将加剧丛林大火和干旱,并降低考拉桉树叶饮食的质量。
结合语意,此处特指考拉吃的桉树叶的质量,空处应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
6
【答案】51. reflects
52. speaking
53. are rooted
54. connections
55. in
56. those
57. a
58. while
59. that
60. silent
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍语言的影响以及发展。
51. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:我们都知道,我们所说的每句话都反映了我们作为人类的身份。根据后文“ who we are as humans.”可知,此处使用一般现在时,主语为单数名词every sentence,谓语动词使
用第三人称单数形式。故填reflects。
52. 考查非谓语。句意:即使是说同一种语言的人,在他们的历史和文化中也有不同的方言。此处应填非
谓语作 people的后置定语修饰,people和speak是主动关系,用现在分词。故填speaking。
53. 考查动词语态。句意同上。分析句子可知,“ that 3 (root) in their history and culture”为定语从句,
修饰先行词 dialects,且先行词与root是被动关系,所以本句为一般现在时的被动语态。故填are rooted。
54. 考查名词。句意:语言也揭示了我们与自然环境之间的联系。根据上文“ throws light on”以及后文
“between us”可知,此处应填复数名词connections作 throws light on的宾语,connection是可数名词,用复
数形式表示多种联系。故填connections。
55. 考查介词。句意:在任何一种语言中被命名的植物和动物,通常都是与使用该语言的人相关的。in
language意为“用语言”。故填in。
56. 考查代词。句意同上。分析句子可知,“ that are relevant to people who are speaking the language”是定
语从句,设空处是先行词,指代上文的names,故用those指代。故填those。
57. 考查冠词。句意:虽然我们可能会认为语言有一套固定的单词和规则,我们在学校里学习,但事实上,
语言总是在不断进化。分析句子可知,此处是泛指“一套固定的单词和规则”fixed首字母的发音为辅音音
素。故填a。
58. 考查连词。句意:随着时间的推移,新词开始出现,而其他词则不再使用,发音也会发生变化。根据
上文“New words begin to emerge”以及“others fall out of use and pronunciation changes over time”可知,前后
是对比关系,应用while。故填while
59. 考查定语从句。句意:语言与使用语言的社区一样多样化,全世界大约有7000种语言。分析句子可知,
“speak them”是定语从句部分,修饰communities,从句缺主语,用that指代。故填that。
60. 考查形容词。句意:然而,到本世纪末,他们中有多达一半的人可能会沉默。分析句子可知,go在此
是半系动词,意为“变得”,后接形容词,故填silence的形容词silent。故填silent。
7
【答案】61. what
62. can
63. as
64. to admit
65. annoying
66. after67. Being
68. even though
69. without
70. that
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是体育精神,告诉我们赢得比赛时要鼓励对手,输掉比赛
时要从中学到经验。
61. 考查宾语从句。句意:这与体育精神完全相反。分析句子可知,句子为宾语从句,空格处单词引导从
句作介词“of”的宾语,从句中缺少介词“about”的宾语,指事物,没有选择范围,应用“what”引导从句。
故填what。
62. 考查情态动词。句意:每个人赢了比赛都会感觉很棒,但是可能在输掉比赛的时候很难和赢得比赛的
时候一样做一个有体育精神的人。空格后“be”为动词原形,故空格处应用情态动词,根据句意可知,应用
情态动词“can”,意为“可能”,表推测。故填can。
63. 考查固定短语。句意:每个人赢了比赛都会感觉很棒,但是可能在输掉比赛的时候很难和赢得比赛的
时候一样做一个有体育精神的人。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短语“as…as…”意为“和……一样”。故
填as。
64. 考查非谓语动词。句意:体育精神需要勇气——当你在一项运动中非常努力时,很难承认你打得不好
或有人比你更有技巧。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短语“it’s not easy to do sth.”,意为“做某事不容易”,
“it”为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式短语。故填to admit。
65. 考查形容词。句意:输掉比赛很无情,所以比赛结束后,如果有人继续取笑你或你的团队,那肯定很
烦人。分析句子可知,空格处应用形容词,作表语,句中“it”作形式主语,“if”引导的从句作真正的主语,
句中指“比赛结束后,如果有人继续取笑你或你的团队”这件事是烦人的,空格处应用“annoying”,意为
“烦人的,使恼怒的”。故填annoying。
66. 考查时间状语从句。句意:输掉比赛很无情,所以比赛结束后,如果有人继续取笑你或你的团队,那
肯定很烦人。分析句子可知,句子为时间状语从句,空格处单词引导从句,根据句意可知,应用“after”引
导从句,意为“在……以后”,句中指“比赛结束后”。故填after。
67. 考查非谓语动词。句意:关键是为自己的表现感到自豪,或者至少意识到自己下次需要改进的地方。
分析句子可知,句中有系动词“is”,故空格处应用非谓语动词,分析句子可知,空格处应用动名词作主语,
句首单词首字母大写。故填Being。
68. 考查让步状语从句。句意:此外,这意味着接受比赛结果,没有抱怨,没有借口,即使你有时可能会
怀疑裁判做出了一些可疑的判决。分析句子可知,句子为让步状语从句,空格处单词引导从句,根据句意可知,应用“even though”引导从句。故填even though。
69. 考查介词。句意:体育精神意味着承认胜利而不让对手蒙羞,让胜利为自己说话,也就是说,默默地
为成功感到骄傲。分析句子可知,空格处应用介词,后接动名词作宾语,根据句意可知,应用
“without”,意为“不(做某事)”。故填without。
70. 考查同位语从句。句意:尽管事实是你取得了巨大的胜利,但体育精神意味着仍要想方设法赞扬你的
对手。分析句子可知,句子为同位语从句,空格处单词引导从句,从句中不缺成分且意义完整,应用
“that”引导从句。故填that。
8
【答案】71. made
72. fully
73. what
74. for
75. has experienced
76. inspiration
77. was performed
78. a
79. to start
80. appearing
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国皮影戏的历史以及演出特点。
71. 考查非谓语动词。句意:由于光影投射到屏幕上的基本原理,表演者用动物皮制成的木偶以一种歌剧
的形式讲故事。分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语puppets构成被动关系,
故用过去分词作定语。故填made。
72. 考查副词。句意:两千年前,西汉武帝因心爱的情人去世而悲伤,通过一场灯光游戏投射出她的身影,
从而完全缓解了这种悲伤。修饰动词relieve应用副词fully,作状语。故填fully。
73. 考查宾语从句。句意:这就是现在中国所知的最早的皮影戏形式。引导宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,
指事物故用what。故填what。
74. 考查介词。句意:在全国所有的分支中,北京皮影戏以其技术和特定的曲调而闻名。结合句意表示
“以……而闻名”短语为stand out for。故填for。
75. 考查时态。句意:它的形成经历了很长一段时间,现在具有独特的性能方法。根据后文“a long period
of formation”可知应用现在完成时,主语为it,助动词用has。故填has experienced。
76. 考查名词。句意:它的唱腔和木偶的实际灵感来自昆曲和京剧。作宾语,表示“灵感”应用名词inspiration。故填inspiration。
77. 考查时态语态。句意:过去,皮影戏是在田野里表演的,所有的表演者都躲在幕后;一些人控制木偶
并唱歌,而另一些人则负责音乐。主语与谓语构成被动关系,结合上文In the past可知为一般过去时的被
动语态。故填was performed。
78. 考查冠词。句意:当人们在市场上演出时,一个灯箱和一个幕布就足以开始演出了。play为可数名词,
此处为泛指且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
79. 考查非谓语动词。句意:当人们在市场上演出时,一个灯箱和一个幕布就足以开始演出了。结合句意
表示“足以做某事”短语为be enough to do sth.。故填to start。
80. 考查非谓语动词。句意:剧院只需要几样东西,它的特点是流动性,经常出现在婚礼、晚宴和中国新
年的庆祝活动中。分析句子结构可知appear在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语the theater构成主动
关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填appearing。
9
【答案】81. have dreamed/have dreamt
82. countries
83. consideration
84. Without
85. the
86. Diagnosed
87. frightening
88. extremely
89. finding
90. where
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者即使身患疾病,也依然追求梦想的故事。
81. 考查时态。句意:从我很小的时候起,我就梦想着在世界上一些最困难的国家为联合国工作。根据上
文Since I was very young可知应用现在完成时,主语为I,助动词用have。故填have dreamed/have dreamt。
82. 考查名词的数。句意:从我很小的时候起,我就梦想着在世界上一些最困难的国家为联合国工作。
country为可数名词,此处为some of+可数名词复数结构。故填countries。
83. 考查名词。句意:这是艰苦思考和实际工作的结果,涉及到恐惧和勇敢之间的平衡。此处是of所有格
结构,即名词+of+名词,所以此处应用名词,表示“考虑”应用名词 consideration,为不可数名词。故填
consideration。
84. 考查介词。句意:没有恐惧,我们就会做傻事。后跟名词作宾语,表示“没有”应用介词without,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Without。
85. 考查冠词。句意:没有勇气,我们永远无法踏入未知。此处为 the+形容词表示一类事物,the unknown
表示“未知”。故填the。
86. 考查非谓语动词。句意:三年前,我被诊断出患有一种叫做HIBM的疾病,我发现我从头到脚的所有
肌肉都受到了影响。分析句子结构可知diagnose在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语I构成被动关系,
故用过去分词作状语,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Diagnosed。
87. 考查形容词。句意:这是一个可怕的消息,因为我不知道疾病会如何发展。修饰名词news应用-ing结
尾形容词frightening,作定语,表示“可怕的”。故填frightening。
88. 考查副词。句意:但最让人沮丧的是,我听到别人劝我限制自己的野心和梦想。修饰后文形容词
disheartening应用副词extremely,作状语。故填extremely。
89. 考查非谓语动词。句意:在面对恐惧并找到克服它们的勇气时,我发誓我的生活是不平凡的。作介词
In的宾语,应用动名词形式,和facing是并列关系。故填finding。
90. 考查宾语从句。句意:你永远不知道它会把你带到人生旅途的什么地方。引导宾语从句,从句缺少地
点状语,故用where。故填where。
10
【答案】91. which
92. with
93. to prevent
94. travelers/travellers
95. development
96. compared
97. runs
98. a
99. certainly
100. Its
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要介绍的是中国最长的水下公路隧道——太湖隧道。
91. 考查定语从句。句意:建筑工人使用了200多万立方米的混凝土建造了这条六车道、43.6米宽的双向
隧道。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词 tunnel是物,因
此空格处用关系代词which,故填which。
92. 考查介词。句意:隧道的顶部安装了彩色LED灯,以防止司机疲劳。be equipped with是固定短语,意
为“配备有”,故填with。93. 考查不定式。句意:隧道的顶部安装了彩色LED灯,以防止司机疲劳。根据语境可知,句子表示“隧
道的顶部安装了彩色LED灯,以防止司机疲劳”,空格处用不定式表目的,故填to prevent。
94. 考查名词复数。句意:它的长度为10.79公里,为旅客提供了一条往返上海和南京的替代路线。
traveler是可数名词,不止一个,因此空格处用复数,故填travelers/travellers。
95. 考查名词。句意:它连接了苏州、无锡和常州,旨在减轻太湖边城市的交通压力,促进长江三角洲地
区城市的经济发展。economic是形容词,修饰名词,develop的名词是development,意为“发展”,是不
可数名词,故填development。
96. 考查非谓语动词。句意:那么,太湖隧道与世界上其他隧道相比有多好呢?分析可知,句中谓语是
is,空格处用非谓语动词,compare的逻辑主语Taihu Tunnel和compare之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处
用过去分词表被动,故填compared。
97. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:世界上最长的海底公路隧道——挪威的里法斯特隧道全长 14.3公里,连
接斯塔万格市和索尔巴克地区。句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,主语“Norway’s 14.3-kilometer
Ryfast”是单数,因此空格处是第三人称单数,故填runs。
98. 考查冠词。句意:东京湾海底高速公路东京湾水线(Aqua-Line)的海底隧道长度为9.6公里。highway是
可数名词,表泛指,前面需加不定冠词,highway是辅音音素开头,不定冠词用a,故填a。
99. 考查副词。句意:说到海底隧道,最高荣誉当然要数连接英国和法国的英吉利海峡隧道了。空格处用
副词certainly修饰动词goes,certainly意为“当然”,故填certainly。
100. 考查物主代词。句意:它的水下部分长达 37.9公里,是世界上最长的水下隧道。根据语境可知,
“underwater part”和it是所属关系,空格处意为“它的”,用形容词性物主代词its作定语,修饰名词短语
“underwater part”,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Its。