专题08词性转换(解析版)_3.2025英语总复习_2024年新高考资料_3.2024专项复习_[高考字典]2024年高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略(通用版)

高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略 专题 08 词性转换 目录 一 命题规律 名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表 语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；根据标志词及语境来 确定比较等级；根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定 名词的单复数。 二 备考策略 第一步：确定是否考查词形转换；第二步：确定转换形式 三 基本知识 提示词为动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词的词形转换 四 真题训练 近几年高考词性转换的专题训练 五 思路点拨 1. 作主语或宾语用名词形式。2. 在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不定代词 (some, any, a lot of等)、介词后还没有名词时，就用名词形式。3. 作定语、表语或 补足语用形容词形式。4. 作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或修饰全句，用 副词。 5. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能 是只加上改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。 六 考点归纳 高频考点：1. 形容词→副词 2.名词与形容词的转换3. 动词→名词4. 名词/形容词 →动词5. 动词/名词→表示人的名词6. 动词与形容词的转换7. 表示否定的前缀与 后缀 七 考点练透 再次巩固所掌握的知识点体系并能灵活应用 命题规律： 名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状 语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；根据标志词及语境来确定比较等级；根据名词前的数词、量词、 冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。 备考策略： 第一步：确定是否考查词形转换 提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时，首先要考虑词形转换；提示词为动词，且该动词在句中既不 作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。 第二步：确定转换形式 根据句式结构以及设空处所作成分进一步分析，最终确定正确的词形转换形式。 基本知识： 技法1 提示词为动词的词形转换 提示词为动词，如果既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，则考虑动词词形转换。动词是转换成名词 还是形容词，则根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析。1.动词转换为名词 (1)v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为” celebrate→celebration 庆祝 compete→competition 比赛 pollute→pollution 污染 educate→education 教育 possess→possession 拥有 (2)v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果” develop→development 发展 announce→announcement 宣布 argue→argument 争论；论据 encourage→encouragement 鼓励 (3)v.＋-r/-er/-or转换为名词，表示“人” perform→performer 表演者 settle→settler 移民者 educate→educator 教育家 direct→director 导演 visit→visitor 访问者 (4)v.＋-ure转换为名词 fail→failure失败; mix→mixture混合； press→pressure压; depart→departure分离 (5)后缀-th结尾的名词 grow→growth生长 die→death 死 deep→depth深 wide→width 宽 warm→warmth温暖 true→truth 真实 (6)后缀-ance/-ence结尾的名词 exist→existence 存在 guide→guidance指导 (7)后缀-al结尾的名词 arrive→arrival到达 approve→approval 赞成 survive→survival 活了下来 2.动词转换为形容词 (1)v.＋-able转换为形容词 accept→acceptable 可接受的 adapt→adaptable 能适应的 adjust→adjustable 可调节的 afford→affordable 负担得起的(2)v.＋-ed/-ing转换为形容词 confuse→confused 感到困惑的 worry→worried 担心的 excite→exciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的 (3)v.＋-ive转换为形容词 impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive 有教育意义的 (4)v.＋-ful/-less转换为形容词 doubt→doubtful 怀疑的 forget→forgetful 健忘的 thank→thankful 感激的 hope→hopeless 不抱希望的 技法2 提示词为名词的词形转换 1.名词的单复数 若提示词名词有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数： (1)有数词或these、 those、 several、 few、 many、 all、 both、 various、 different等词修饰时，用名词 的复数形式； (2)名词前有one of时，用名词的复数形式； (3)若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应用名词的复数形式。 2.名词变复数的规则 (1)大部分单数可数名词变为复数一般直接加s；如果是以ch、 sh、 s、 x等结尾的单词，则一般加es： trees、 bikes、 books、 buses、 watches、 boxes、 bushes； (2)辅音字母＋y 结尾的单词，变 y 为 i 再加 es；但元音字母＋y 结尾的单词，则直接加 s：babies、 families、 boys、 plays； (3)以 o 结尾的单词除了两人(negro、 hero)、两菜(tomato、 potato)加 es 外，其余一般加 s：radios、 photos； (4)以f或fe结尾的单词，通常变f、 fe为v再加es：wives、 knives、 wolves； (5) 特 殊 变 化 ： man→men 、 woman→women 、 tooth→teeth 、 foot→feet 、 child→children 、 mouse→mice； (6)单复数同形： Chinese、 Japanese、 people、 sheep、 deer、 fish。 3.名词转换为形容词 提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词时，则一般考查名词变形容词。注意名词变形容词的后缀： (1)n.＋-able honor→honorable 可敬的 (2)n.＋-al nature→natural 自然的；天生的music→musical 音乐的；悦耳的 (3)n.＋-ful colour→colourful 颜色鲜艳的 meaning→meaningful有意义的 (4)n.＋-en：wood→wooden 木质的 (5)n.＋-y：wealth→wealthy 富有的 4.名词的所有格 提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。 (1)单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加's； (2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，通常在词尾加'。 技法3 提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换 1.形容词、副词的词形转换 (1)分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词或名词； (2)若空处作定语、表语则应考虑用形容词形式； (3)若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑用副词形式； (4)若空处在介词后，应考虑用名词作宾语。 2.形容词变副词的规则 (1)以-e结尾的形容词一般不去e，直接加-ly：immediate→immediately, brave→bravely。 (2)一些以-e结尾的形容词去e加-(l)y：true→truly, simple→simply, gentle→gently, possible→possibly。 (3)“辅音字母＋-y”结尾，变y为i，再加-ly：happy→happily, easy→easily。 (4)以-ic结尾的形容词加-ally：economic→economically, basic→basically。 3.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级 (1)利用标志词确定比较等级 ①题目中有much、 far、 still、 even、 rather、 a little、 a bit、 a lot、 a great deal、 than等标志性词汇 时用比较级； ②空后有表示范围的标志词in、 of、 among等时用最高级； ③空前有one of the等修饰词时，用最高级。 (2)利用固定句型 “the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。 (3)利用隐含信息判断 句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级。 技法4 提示词为代词的词形转换 提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看空处所填代 词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。具体方法如下： (1)分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，应考虑人称代词的主格形式；(2)分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，应考虑人称代词的宾格形式； (3)分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，应考虑形容词性物主代词； (4)分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词。 一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表 人称 单数 复数 类别 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 人称 主格 I you he/she/it we you they 代词 宾格 me you him/her/it us you them 形容词 物主 my your his/her/its our your their 性 代词 名词性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs himself/ 反身代词 myself yourself herself/ ourselves yourselves themselves itself 二、牢记代词的句法功能 1．作主语：人称代词主格。 2．作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格和名词性物主代词。 3．作定语：形容词性物主代词。 4．如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词。 5．填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。 6．that、 those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。 技法5 提示词为数词的词形转换 1.基数词变序数词 (1)一般由基数词加-th构成： six→sixth seven→seventh ten→tenth hundred→hundredth (2)以y结尾的基数词，先把y变为ie，再加-th： twenty→twentieth thirty→thirtieth (3)不规则变化： one→first two→second three→third five→fifth eight→eighth nine→ninth twelve→twelfth2.年龄、年代表达法 (1)表达“在某人几十多岁”时，用“in one's＋整十基数词的复数”，如：in one's fifties 在某人五十多岁 时； (2)表达“在几十年代时”，用“in the＋整十基数词的复数”，如：in the thirties 在三十年代。真题训练： 1.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·56) Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)， those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ____56____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 【解析】考查词性转换。根据空前的hot和空后的soup可知，此处应用 tasty的形容词形式 tasty作定语修饰soup，表示 “美味的”的意思，故填tasty。 2.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·64) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____64____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 【解析】考查词性转换。该空用rare的副词形式rarely修饰enough，故填rarely。 3.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷·57) I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___ (confidence) speaking English. 【解析】考查形容词。根据设空处前的and可知，本空与前文的comfortable并列，共同作feel的表语，故 填confident。 4.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷·63) ___63___ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home. 【解析】考查副词。设空处修饰整个句子，故填副词Basically。 5.(2023年全国甲卷·62) Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ___62___ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, as Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 【解析】考查序数词。设空处所在部分表示“公元前六世纪”，故填序数词sixth， “the+序数词+century” 表示第几世纪，故填sixth。 6.(2023年全国甲卷·67) ___67___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 【解析】考查词性转换。 设空处所在部分作表语，说明Carson’s story的情况。根据语境可知，此处表示 “与传统的寓言故事不同”，设空处应填形容词，又因设空处位于句首，故填Different。 7.(2023年全国甲卷·69) However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___69___ (warn) about environmental destruction. 【解析】考查名词。设空处被a more weighty 修饰，且在句中作表语，故填名词warning。8.(2023年全国乙卷·69) The ____69____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【解析】考查词性转换。设空处在句中作定语修饰名词development，应用形容词，故填remarkable， 意 为 “显著的，非凡的”。 9. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·63) The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and _____________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 【解析】修饰动词achieve作状语，应用副词，故填eventually。 10. (2022 年新高考Ⅱ卷·58) Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ________ (sleep) while watching TV. 【解析】作表语应用形容词，fall asleep可理解为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，故填asleep。 11. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·60) When he looked down, he _____________ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. 【解析】修饰动词slipped应用副词为accidentally，表示“意外地，失误地”，故填accidentally。 12. (2022年全国甲卷·66) Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________ (meaning). 【解析】考查词性转换。此处是“make+宾语+宾补”复合结构，表示“使某人/某物……”，且前有副词 even修饰，应用形容词形式，故填meaningful。 13. (2022年全国乙卷·65) China has a ______________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 【解析】由空前的不定冠词a可知，空格处应填名词，故填responsibility。 14. (2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·58) The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ______________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 【解析】修饰动词help，应用副词，故填undoubtedly。 15. (2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·61) I told him how _________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. 【解析】该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，故填harmful。 16. (2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·64) A company _____________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【解析】由考查词性转换。该空作句子主语且前有不定冠词修饰， 用名词， 又由句意可知此处表示 “人”， 故填representative。 17. (2021年全国甲卷·50) …we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their _______ (day) routines.【解析】在名词routines前作定语，用形容词，daily routines表示“日常生活”，故填daily。 18. (2021 年全国乙卷·62) … (I) often provides money for conservation and benefits the ________________ (develop) of the local areas. 【解析】在冠词the与介词of之间应填名词，表示“发展”，故填development。 19. (2021年全国乙卷·68) Provide _________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. 【解析】在名词aid前作定语应用形容词，故填financial。 20. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·64) The far side of the moon is of particular ________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side. 【解析】此处为“be+of+n.”结构，相当于“be+adj.”，故填interest。 21. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·62) Landing on the moon’s far side is ___________ (extreme) challenging. 【解析】修饰形容词challenging应用副词，故填extremely。 22. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·61) Chinese New Year is a _____________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 【解析】空格前的不定冠词a提示我们此处应用名词形式，故填celebration。 23. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·66) ___________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. 【解析】位于句首，修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语，故填Certainly。 24. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·69) The __________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 【解析】与long并列修饰名词branches，应用形容词，故填beautiful。 25. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·64) Filled with _________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 【解析】作介词with的宾语，用名词，故填curiosity。 26. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·68) As the small boat moved ______ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 【解析】修饰动词moved，应用副词，故填gently。 27. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·70) But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s ___________ (wonder). 【解析】在系动词is后作表语应用形容词, 故填wonderful。 28. (2018 年全国Ⅰ卷·68) To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _____________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. 【解析】表示目的的不定式，“to +动词原形”, 故填strengthen。29. (2018 年全国Ⅱ卷·66) This switch has decreased _________ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 【解析】作动词decreased的宾语，用名词，故填pollution。 30. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·66) My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a __________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 【解析】根据句意及空格前的a可知，此处填名词，表示“科学家”，故填scientist。 31. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·69) This development was only possible with the _______________ (introduce) of electric- powered engines and lifts. 【解析】作介词的宾语要用名词或者在冠词the后要用名词，表示“采用，引入” introduction。 32. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·70) The Central London Railway was one of the most ____________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 【解析】因the most successful为形容词的最高级，故填successful。 思路点拨: 当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时, 就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下五点顺利解 决： 1. 作主语或宾语用名词形式。 2. 在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不定代词(some, any, a lot of等)、介词后还没有名词时，就用名 词形式。 3. 作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式。 4. 作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或修饰全句，用副词。 5. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能是只加上改变词义但不改变词性 的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。如： In Alaska, the wolf almost ______________ (appear) a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport. 【解析】主句缺谓语, 应填动词，而appear本身就是动词，无需作词性变化，可考虑变词义；由because从 句可知，主句意思应是 “狼在几年前就差不多消失了”， 要用disappear；再由a few years ago可知，要 用一般过去时，故填disappeared。 注意： 解题时，既要根据句子结构需要确定词类，又要考虑句意连贯或逻辑通顺。如： He failed his maths examination because of his _________ (care) work. 【解析】 在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由failed…可知，要填表示否定意义的“careless” (粗心大意的)，意义才通顺, 故填careless。 考点归纳: 课标词的派生词是不算生词的，也不用中文注明，因此，掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。 从近五年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转换主要考查了以下6点： 1. 形容词→副词。 2. 名词→形容词。 3. 动词→名词。 4. 形容词→名词。 5. 名词→动词。 6. 名词→名词(人)。 现将主要考点归纳如下： 1. 形容词→副词 (高频考点) 规律总结 请在横线上写出下列形容词的副词的中文意思 1 polite→politely礼貌地；rude→rudely粗鲁地； wide→widely广泛地； immediate →immediately立即地； fair→fairly公平地； certain→certainly肯定地； careful→carefully仔细地； final→finally最后； quick→quickly迅速地； high→h 一般直接加ly ighly高度地； official→officially正式地； regular→regularly有规律地； actual →actually实际上； slow→slowly慢慢地； sudden→suddenly突然； real→really 真正地 2 easy→easily容易; angry→angrily生气地; happy→happily快乐地; heavy→heavily沉重 辅音字母+ y → i 地; steady→ steadily稳定地；busy→busily忙碌地; lucky→luckily幸运地; healthy→he ly althily健康地; 但shy→shyly害羞地 3 possible→possibly可能地； probable→probably可能地； terrible→ terribly很； n 以-le结尾,去e oble→nobly高贵地; comfortable→comfortably舒适地; reliable→reliably可靠地； 加y gentle→gently轻轻地; ample→amply充分地; simple→simply简单地 4 (个别)去e加ly true→truly真正地；due→duly按时地；whole→wholly完整地 5 basic→basically基本上地; classic→classically经典地; magic→magically神奇地; optimi 以-ic结尾加ally stic→optimistically乐观地; scientific →scientifically科学 地; energetic→energetically精力充沛地; 但public →publicly公开地 6 full→fully完全地；dull→dully迟钝地 以-ll结尾加y2.名词与形容词的转换 规律总结 请在横线上写出下列名词的形容词的中文意思或形容词的名词的中文意思 1 music→ musical音乐的; original→original原来的; person→personal个人的; nation→nati +al/去e, +al onal国家的; tradition→traditional传统的; centre→central中央的; practice→practical实际的; globe→global 全球的 ; 2 nature→ natural自然的; culture→cultural文化的; agriculture→agricultural农业的; archite -ture→ -tural cture→architectural建筑学的 3 politics→ political政治的; physics→physical物理的;mathematics→mathematical数学的; -ics→ -ical statistics →statistical统计的 4 east→ eastern东方的; west→western西方的; south→southern南方的; north→northern北 +ern 方的; southwest→southwestern西南的 5 access→ accessible;可以进入的 +ible 注意 horror→horrible可怕的; terror→terrible恐怖的 6 success→ successful成功的; care→careful细心的; power→powerful强有力的; peace→p +ful eaceful和平的; fruit→fruitful硕果累累的; 注意mercy→merciful宽大 的; beauty→beautiful美丽的 7 fool→ foolish愚蠢的; self→selfish自私的; child→childish幼稚的; fever→feverish发热 +ish 的 8 danger→ dangerous危险的; humor→humorous幽默的 注 +ous 意 anxiety→anxious焦急的; ambition→ambitious野心勃勃的; curiosity→curious好奇的; 9 importance→ important重要的; significance→significant有意义的; distance → distant遥 -ance→-ant 远的; 10 absence→ absent缺席的; silence→silent沉默的; difference→different不相同的; convenie -ence→-ent nce→convenient方便的; patience→patient耐心的; violence→violent暴力的 11 fluency→ fluent流利的; efficiency→efficient高效的; emergency→emergent紧急的; urgen -ency→ -ent cy→urgent紧急的 12 friend→ friendly友好的; time→timely及时的; man→manly +ly 男子气概的; mother→motherly慈母般的； month→monthly每月的; 注意 day→daily每日的 13 able→ ability能力; responsible→responsibility责任心; -ble→ -bility possible→possibility可能性; flexible→flexibility灵活性 14 health→ healthy健康的; sleep→sleepy困倦的; greed→greedy贪婪的; wealth→wealthy +y; 去e，+y; 富有的; noise→noisy嘈杂的; ice→icy结冰的; sun→sunny晴朗的; fog→foggy多雾 双写，+y 的;15 weak→ weakness虚弱; kind→kindness好心; ill→illness疾病; sad→sadness悲伤; 注意 adj.+ness →n happy→happiness幸福 16 warm→warmth温暖; 注意 strong→ strength力量; long→length长度; wide→width宽 adj. +th →n. 度; deep→depth深度; true→truth真相 17 -ate→-acy accurate→accuracy准确性; private→privacy隐私; adequate→adequacy充足 18 free→ freedom自由; wise→wisdom智慧; cruel→cruelty残忍; safe→safety安全; tire→tir 其他 esome无聊; trouble→troublesome麻烦的; history→historic(al)历史性的; science→scie ntific科学的;brave→bravery勇敢; short→shortage缺乏 3. 动词→名词 规律总结 请在横线上写出下列动词的名词的中文意思 1 expect→ expectation期望; present→presentation展示; 注意 explain→ explanation解 +ation 析 2 去e， invite→ invitation邀请; examine→examination检查; prepare→preparation准备; 注意 +ation pronounce→pronunciation发音 3 去e，+ tio produce→ production制造; introduce→ introduction介绍；注意 describe→descr n iption描述 4 devote→ devotion投入; pollute→pollution污染; contribute→contribution贡献; revise→ 去e，+ion revision修正 educate →education教育； 5 +ion act→action行动;attract→attraction吸引力; protect→protection 保护; suggest→suggestion建议 注意 intend→intention打 算 discuss → discussion讨论; express→expression表达; possess→possession占 有; impress →impression印象 6 去t/d/de， admit→ admission承认; permit→permission允许; extend→extension + (s)sion 扩展; conclude→conclusion推论; divide→division分界 7 +ance；去 appear→ appearance外观; perform→performance表现; acquaint→acquaintance了解; e，+ance guide→guidance指导 8 exist→ existence存在; prefer→preference偏爱; refer→reference参考; differ→differenc +ence e区别; depend→dependence依赖; 注意 occur→occurrence 9 achieve→ achievement成就; agree→agreement协议; announce→announcement通知; devel +ment op→development发展; encourage→encouragement鼓励;注意 argue→argument论点 10 arrive→ arrival到来; approve→approval赞成; survive→survival生存; refuse→ refusal 去e，+al 拒绝 11 +ure/tre fail→ failure失败; press→pressure压力; depart→departure出发; mix→mixture混合 12 +y recover→ recovery康复; discover→discovery发现13 choose→ choice选择; vary→variety多样化; tend→tendency倾向; advise→advice建议; 其他 apologize→apology道歉; classify→classification分类; grow→growth 成长 4. 名词/形容词→动词 规律总结 请在横线上写出下列动词的中文意思 1 strength→ strengthen加强；length→ lengthen加长；height→ heighten提高；soft→ soften 后缀-en 软化；weak→ weaken削弱；wide→ widen加宽；less→ lessen缩小；short→ shorten缩 短；broad→ broaden加宽；quick→ quicken加快 2 前缀en- able→ enable使能够；large→ enlarge扩大；rich→ enrich使充实；courage→ encourage鼓 励 ；danger→ endanger 使 处于险境 ；compass→ encompass包含 5. 动词/名词→表示人的名词 规律总结 请在横线上写出下列表示人的名词的中文意思。 1 sing→ singer歌唱家; teach→teacher老师; strange→stranger陌生人; village→villager村民; +er/r employ→employer雇主；interview→interviewer采访者；面试官 2 act→ actor男演员; invent→inventor发明者; educate→educator教育者; visit→visitor参观 +or 者; conduct→conductor操作员 employ→employee雇员; interview→interviewee被采访者；参加面试者; pay→payee领款 3 +ee 人; absent→absentee缺席者 act→ actress女演员; wait→waitress女服务员; host→hostess女主人; steward→stewardess 4 +(r)ess 女乘务员; 注意 god→goddess女神 5 +ese Japan→Japanese日本人; Vietnam→Vietnamese越南人 注 意 China→Chinese中国人;Burma(缅甸)→Burmese缅甸人; 6 +n Asia→ Asian亚洲人; America→American美国人; Australia→Australian澳大利亚人; India →Indian印度人; Korea→Korean朝鲜人 (去y或s) music→ musician音乐家; history→historian历史学家; library→librarian图书馆管理员; phy 7 +ian sics→physician物理学家; politics→politician政治家 art→ artist艺术家; novel→novelist小说家; tour→tourist旅游者; 注意cycle→cyclist骑行者; 8 +ist science→scientist科学家 assist→ assistant助理; account→accountant会计; consult→consultant咨询师; 注意 9 +ant apply→applicant申请人; serve→servant佣人 10 +ar lie→ liar说谎者; beg→beggar乞丐 (注意拼写) 6. 动词与形容词的转换4. 名词/形容词→动词5. 动词/名词→表示人的名词 规律总结 请在横线上写出下列动词转换后的形容词的意思或形容词转换后的动词的意思 1 +able suit→ suitable合适的; comfort→comfortable舒服的; reason→reasonable有道理的;注意admire→admirable令人羡慕的; rely→reliable可靠的; doubt→ doubtful怀疑的; harm→harmful有害的; hope→hopeful充满希望的; care→careful 2 +ful 细心的; use→useful有用的;help→helpful有帮助的 act→ active活跃的; attract→attractive有吸引力的; impress→impressive印象深刻的; create 3 +ive →creative有创造性的 4 +ary imagine→imaginary想象的 deep→ deepen加深; wide→widen加宽; less→lessen缩小; worse→worsen恶化; dark→dark 5 adj.+en/n →v. en变暗 6 en+adj.→v. large→ enlarge 扩大; rich→enrich 使充实; able→enable 使能够; noble→ennoble 使-------成为贵族; able→ unable不能够; fair→unfair不公平的; fit →unfit不合适的;fortunate→unfortunate不 7 un- 幸运的; usual→unusual不同寻常的 hope→ hopeless绝望的; end→endless无尽的; stain→stainless不锈的; taste→tasteless无味 8 +less 的; use→useless无用的; help→helpless无助的; power→powerless无力的 7. 表示否定的前缀与后缀 规律总结 请在横线上写出与下列单词意义相反或相否定的词语的中文意思 1 dis- advantage→ disadvantage劣势; agree→ disagree不同意; appear→disappear消失; legal→ illegal非法的; polite→impolite不礼貌; patient→impatient不耐心; convenient→inconve 2 il/im/in- nient不方便 understand→ misunderstand误解; lead→mislead误导; direct→misdirect误导; trust→mistrust不 3 mis- 信任 考点练透 1. “No, sir. You must also start preparing for the winter if you want to have enough to eat,” the ant said ___________ (serious). 【解析】修饰动词(said)作状语，用副词seriously。 2. Brazilian officials__________ (sincere) hope hosting the games will improve life in Brazil. 【解析】修饰动词hope用副词，故填sincerely。 3. It must take place in a _____________ (care) controlled environment, under the guidance of your doctor. 【解析】修饰动词的过去分词controlled，用副词carefully。 4. However, before I got on the bike, I felt _________ (extreme) nervous and I was afraid that I would fall off … 【解析】修饰形容词nervous，用副词extremely。 5. You can imagine how ________ (terrible) shy I was with so many eyes fixed upon me. 【解析】修饰形容词shy作状语，要用副词terribly。6. ___________ ( obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. 【解析】作状语，修饰整个句子，用副词，故填Obviously。 7. If you always go to bed and get up at about the same time, this will set a ________ (health) rhythm in your life. 【解析】在名词前作定语要用形容词，故填healthy。 8. My classmates attended _________ (vary) events such as running, high jump and long jump. 【解析】在名词前作定语要用形容词，故填various。 9. I couldn’t imagine what it is like to lose your home and everything that you know and the ___________ (power) effect the hurricane had on those people. 【解析】在名词effect前作定语要用形容词，故填powerful。 10. We can start the habit by writing summaries and remember to record something ___________ (impress) and meaningful. 【解析】 由and可知，要与形容词meaningful 词性一致, 一起作something的后置定语，故填形容词 impressive (令人印象深刻的)。 11. I heard that listening to classical music is ________ (help) in reducing stress. 【解析】作表语用形容词，故填helpful。 12. Some think it is _____________ (convenience) to get in touch with others with the cell-phone… 【解析】固定句型It is convenient to do sth意为“做某事很方便”，故填convenient。 13. There’s clear ___________ (evident) that people who listen to lively music are lively people. 【解析】在there be后要用名词，作句子的主语，且前有修饰词clear修饰，故填evidence。 14. … more and more students would drop out of school if their personal _______ (safe) could not be guaranteed. 【解析】作主语要用名词，或者根据在their后应当用名词，故填safety。 15. The best speed _________(eat) train their stomachs to expand. 【解析】本句谓语动词是train，要填的词是主语，故用名词，表示“这些吃东西的人”，故用eaters。 16. I had no _______ (choose) but to prepare for it, though. 【解析】因作动词have的宾语, 要用名词; 另外, have no choice but to do sth(除……外，别无选择)是固定搭 配，故填choice。 17. Nevertheless, apologies might be an important social tool as they reaffirm (重新确认) the __________ (exist) of rules that need to be observed. 【解析】作动词reaffirm的宾语，用名词；或者根据在the 与of 之间一定是填名词，故填existence。 18. The students use a video game controller to direct its ____________ (move) in the tank.【解析】在形容词性物主代词its后，要用名词，作动词 direct的宾语，故填movements，用复数表示泛 指。 19. A farmer once organized a ____________ (compete) between his dog and his rabbit. 【解析】作动词organized的宾语，用名词，故填competition。 20. Actually with my ______________ (confident) building up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. 【解析】作介词with的宾语用名词，或根据在形容词性物主代词(my)后面，要用名词，故填confidence。 21. I went off in search of him in hopes that I could _________(unite) him with his owners. 【解析】情态动词后要接动词原形，而unite本身就是动词；根据句意“我希望能让它(这条小狗)和它的主 人再次团聚”，故填reunite。 22.Meanwhile, a big tourism company said its rural tourism business has shown significant potential for future ____________ (grow) in the recent three years. 【解析】考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处需用名词，作介词for的宾语，故填growth。 23.After experiencing her older sister's ____________(die) and her parents' divorce, she is determined to stay alive for the sake of her broken family. 【解析】查词形转换。sister's后应用名词形式，die的名词是death。 24.There is still no convincing ____________ (explain) for the origin of FRB in the international scientific community at present. 【解析】考查词形转换。形容词修饰名词，故填explanation。 25.She provided medical ________ (equip), clean water and fruits. With this work the death rate decreased to 2.2%. 【解析】考查词形转换。分析句子成分可知，设空处作动词 provide 的宾语，应用名词形式，故填 equipment。 26.In the end, a Mediterranean diet is part of the factors contributing to our physical health, but it takes ____________ (commit) to make them happen. 【解析】考查词形转换。take commitment to do sth意为“承诺做某事”，为固定用法，故填commitment。 27.I told him how ________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco- friendly options. 【解析】考查词形转换。根据语境可知，此处表示“我告诉他塑料对环境的危害”，空处应用形容词，表 示“有害的”。 28.This morning, a ________ (cheer) lion dance troupe (剧团) drove slowly past my local wet market. 【解析】考查词形转换。此处应用形容词修饰名词短语lion dance troupe，故填cheerful。 29.But the most __________ (value) experience of all was discovering a new sense of independence, she said. 【解析】考查词形转换。此处修饰名词experience，应用形容词valuable。 30.Crows have long been observed for their various ____________(amaze) displays of intelligence. 【解析】考查词形转换。根据空前的 their various 可知，空处应用形容词修饰名词 displays，故填 amazing。31.Some American scholars thought China could hardly realize food-sufficiency because of the ____________ (limit) water resources, decrease of agricultural land due to industrial expansion and the fast population growth. 【解析】考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，设空处前有定冠词the，后有名词短语，因此设空处应用形容 词，故填limited。 32.In addition to books, many libraries also offer digital ____________ (copy) of books, audiobooks, movies, and more through Internet platforms. 【解析】考查名词复数。根据空后的of books可知，此处是指许多数字拷贝，copy为可数名词，应用其复 数形式，故填copies。 33.When the answer was no, she declined the ________ (invite)． 【解析】考查词形转换。空处作declined的宾语，应用名词形式，故填invitation。 34.China's online literature has grown in popularity over the last two ____________ (decade). 【解析】考查名词复数。decade为可数名词，且空前有two修饰，应用名词的复数形式，故填decades。 35.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ________ (human) are. 【解析】考查名词复数。本空作宾语从句主语we的同位语，应用名词的复数形式，故填humans。 36.We don't have enough resources allocated to our educational sector and the little ____________ (allocate) to the sector is not well managed. 【解析】考查词形转换。根据语境可知，此处表示“分配给教育部门的资源没有得到很好的管理”，空处 应用名词allocation作and之后句子的主语，故填allocation。 37.It is widely considered that these social ____________ (policy) will definitely improve the well-being of Chinese children. 【解析】考查名词复数。根据these可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式，故填policies。 38.The project was completed so quickly because the workers had been arranged into seven units to undertake different ____________ (task) at the same time. 【解析】考查名词复数。根据different可知，此处表示不止一项任务，应用task的复数形式，故填tasks。 39.Hopefully, the cute, witty, hi-tech Bing Dwen Dwen can become a classic and countless lasting ____________ (memory) will stick in Olympic history. 【解析】考查名词复数。memory为可数名词，且由countless修饰，应用其复数形式，故填memories。 40.“Making coins was one of the greatest financial ____________ (activity) in human history ， ” said researchers, adding that it allowed wealth to be traded easily. 【解析】考查名词复数。activity为可数名词，此处为“one of＋形容词最高级＋可数名词的复数形式”， 故填activities。 41.There were no stars, no celebrities or ____________ (profession) performers, we wanted to present a modern China and the lives of ordinary Chinese people. 【解析】考查词形转换。形容词修饰名词作定语，结合空后的名词 performers可知，此处应用形容词，故 填professional。 42.A lot of problems are associated with overusing our digital devices, from eye health and issues of mental health to addiction and ____________ (education) difficulties.【解析】考查词形转换。根据空后的名词difficulties可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故填educational。 43.Unlike older generations who might favor Western culture and brands，Chinese youth were born and raised when the ____________ (country) economy was taking off, so they tend to have strong confidence in their national identity and culture. 【解析】考查词形转换。此处用名词所有格修饰后面的名词economy，故填country's。 44.It was a good opportunity for me to experience the ____________ (nation) diverse customs and traditions. 【解析】考查词形转换。根据语境可知，句子表示“体验这个国家多样化的习俗和传统”，空处表示“国 家的”，故填nation's。 45.Compared with the class nine years ago, this ____________ (year) lecture was greatly different. 【解析】考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，名词year和名词lecture存在所属关系，应用名词所有格，故 填year's。 46.______ (similar)，instead of learning knowledge inside the classroom, students should be encouraged to take adventure outside and visit places where they can witness the development of their hometown. 【解析】考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，设空处位于句首，应用副词修饰整个句子作状语，故填 Similarly。 47.Back in the ____________ (ninety), he would remain at the zoo for almost three months to stay with the pandas during the breeding season. 考查数词。in the nineties 意为“在九十年代”，故填nineties。 48.Many legends and stories lie behind its red walls and under the golden ____________ (roof). 【解析】考查名词复数。roof为可数名词，此处表示的数量大于一，应用复数形式，故填roofs。 49.As the benefits of space exploration and innovation become ____________ (well) known, increasingly more countries and non-governmental entities are interested in engaging in exploration and innovation. 【解析】考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，空间探索和创新的好处更加为人所知，所以更多的国家和非 政府组织对其感兴趣，空处应用副词的比较级, 故填better。 50.The Svalbard Global Seed Vault, which preserves almost one million seed samples, has one of the ____________ (large) collections. 【解析】考查形容词的最高级。分析句子结构可知，此处为“one of＋形容词的最高级＋可数名词复数” 结构，所以空处应用形容词的最高级，故填largest。 51.But Japan, who lacked its own mineral resources, took the theme of a sustainable ( 可持续的) future ____________ (seriously) than others. 【解析】考查副词的比较级。根据空后的 than others可知，应用副词seriously的比较级形式，在其前加 more，故填more seriously。 52.At the waterside or on the mountains, the seniors find ____________ (they) in harmony with nature. 【解析】考查代词。当主语和宾语一致时，应用反身代词作宾语，they的反身代词是themselves。 53.There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late ____________ (eighty). 【解析】考查数词。in one's late eighties 表示“在某人快九十岁时”，故填eighties。 54.Since many of the ____________ (origin) features of the garden have been preserved, the garden has a highhistorical and artistic value. 【解析】考查词形转换。根据空后的名词features可知，应用形容词作定语，故填original。 55.Now, researchers from Canada's University of Guelph insist that cats also express emotions on their faces — one just has to learn how to interpret ____________ (they)! 【解析】考查代词。空处作interpret的宾语，指代上文的emotions，应用them。 56.But now, for the first time in conservation history, ____________ (they) numbers are on the increase. 【解析】考查代词。numbers和they之间是所属关系，因此空处应用形容词性物主代词 their修饰名词 numbers。 57.But at least 70% of stars in the universe are red dwarfs, the tiniest and coolest ____________(one) out there. 【解析】考查代词。空处指代“70%的恒星中最小的和温度最低的那些”，应用复数形式 ones，表示泛 指。 58.This year, Remila spent her ____________ (five) Spring Festival aboard the carrier. 【解析】考查数词。根据语境可知，此处表示“第五个春节”，应用序数词形式，故填fifth。 59.China beat South Korea 3－2 from two goals down in the dramatic final of the AFC Women's Asian Cup on Sunday night, winning the championship for the ____________ (nine) time 16 years later. 【解析】考查序数词。根据语境可知，此处表示第九次，应用序数词形式，故填ninth。 60.This is especially true in countries where traditional medicines are ____________ (wide) used. 【解析】考查词形转换。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处用副词widely，作状语，修饰used。 61.The junk floats around ________ (hundred) of kilometers above the earth. Experts say the main worry is that such debris will hit a space station, satellite or other equipment. 【解析】考查数词。hundreds of为固定短语，意为“数以百计的”，故填hundreds。 62.It is known to all that there were two world wars in the ____________ (twenty) century, which greatly changed the world situation. 【解析】考查数词。这里表示“20世纪”，也就是“第20个世纪”，应用序数词，故填twentieth。 63.Covering some 720，000 square meters and ____________ (official) known as the Palace Museum, it was home to royal families of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 【解析】考查词形转换。空处修饰known，应用副词officially，作状语。 64.Xu Yuanchong was one of the greatest translators in China, who devoted himself to translating Chinese poems in his ____________ (seventy). 【解析】考查数词。这里表示许渊冲先生在70多岁时还在翻译中国古诗词。in his seventies表示“在他70 多岁时”。 65.These days, doctors are using a new approach to healing, which is called tapping. This approach combines ____________ (wise) from Chinese medicine with talk therapy (治疗). 【解析】考查词形转换。空处应用名词作combine的宾语，wise的名词形式是wisdom，是不可数名词，意 为“智慧”，故填wisdom。 66.China has expressed an ambition to land people on the moon and ____________ (possible) build a scientific base there.【解析】考查词形转换。修饰动词build应用副词, 故填possibly。