专题17代词(解析版)_03高考英语_2024年新高考资料_3.2024专项复习_[高考字典]2024年高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略(通用版)

高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略 专题 17 代词 目录 一 知识网络 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、其他代词和it的用法 二 考点考法 1.人称代词 2.物主代词 3.反身代词 4.不定代词 5.其他代词 6.it的用法 三 真题回顾 展现命题趋势，明确考试目标 四 真题训练 近几年高考代词专题训练 五 考情分析 自2014年以来的全国卷中，代词在语法填空共考了13题，属于常考考点。 六 模拟操练 再次巩固所掌握的知识点体系并能灵活应用 知识网络 代词 1.人称代词 1)主格（作主语）：I am his cousin. 我是他的堂/表兄弟。 2)宾格 a.作宾语：Those people don’t trust me. 那些人不信任我。 b.作表语：“Who’s knocking at the door?” “ It’s me.” “谁在敲门？” “是我。” 2.物主代词 1)形容词性物主代词作定语：My father is a poet. 我父亲是诗人。 2)名词性物主代词 a.作主语：This car is Tom’s. Mine is over there. 这车是汤姆的，我的在那边。 b.作宾语：He’s a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。 c.作表语：I thought that book was mine. 我原以为那本书是我的。 3.反身代词 1)作宾语(反指) a.动词宾语：He devoted himself to writing. 他致力于写作。 b.介词宾语：She must be proud of herself. 她一定为自己感到自豪。 2)作同位语(强调) a.主语同位语：I myself will present the prizes. 我将亲自去颁奖。 b.宾语同位语：I saw the lady herself. 我见过那个女士本人。 3)习语 by oneself 独自，独立地：She lives by herself. 她独居。 4.不定代词 1)“两者”或“多者” both, all(都)；either， any(任一)； neither, none (都不) 2)“另一”“别的” a.泛指：another(只接单数名词)， others b.特指：the other (两者中的另一个)，the others (其余的人或物)c.搭配： one...the other ...(两者中)一个...另一个... some...the others... (多者中)一些...其余的... some...some...others...一些...一些...另一些... 3)一些some a.肯定句 She kept some money in her desk drawer. b.疑问句 1.望得到肯定回答：Can you give me some advice? 2.邀请: Would you like some cake or biscuit? 3.建议：How about having some coffee? 4.反问：Aren’t there some stamps in that drawer? 4)一些any 1.疑问句：Is there any advantage in getting there early? 2.否定句：I suddenly realized I’d come out without any money. 3.条件句：Give me some if there are any. 4.if/whether从句：I wonder whether there is any difficulty. 5.任何，任一（可用于肯定句）：He can repair any cars. 5)“多”或“少” 1.修饰或代替可数名词：few, a few, many 2.修饰或代替不可数名词：little, a little; much 6)替代词 it, that, those, the one 7)复合不定代词 由some-, any-, every-, no-与 -one, -body, -thing 构成 5.其他代词 1)指示代词：this, that, these, those, such, so→ Such is the situation we are facing. 2)疑问代词：what, which, who, whom, whose→ Who invented the steam engine? 3)相互代词：each other, one another→ learn from each other; help one another 4)连接代词：who, whom, whose, which, what (详见名词性从句) 5)关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that (详见定语从句) 6.it的用法 1)形式主语：It’s no use shouting. 2)形式宾语：I find it hard to concentrate. 3)强调结构：It is Mr Li who often encourages me. 4)时间：It’s three years since I last saw her. 5)距离：It’s 10 miles from here to my office. 6)环境：It’s quiet in the classroom. 7)天气：It is raining. 在下雨。 8)刚提到的事物（它）：“Where’s your car?” “It’s in the garage.” 9)婴儿或动物：“What a beautiful baby!” “Is it a boy?”10)确认身份：“Who is it that has come?” “It’s Tom.” 11)代前面整句：You’ve saved my life; I’ll never forget it. 考点考法 代词 1.人称代词 1)主格 It was ___________ (our) that met him at the school gate. (答案为we) 2)宾格 Thanks for inviting ___________ (we) to your food festival. （答案为us） 2.物主代词 1)形容词性物主代词作定语：I have __________ (me) own room. (答案为my) 2)名词性物主代词 Kate went on holiday with a cousin of_________ (she). (答案为hers) 3.反身代词 1)作宾语(反指) She thought I had hurt _______ (I) (答案为myself) 2)作同位语(强调) He _______ (him) went to the bank. (答案为himself) 3)习语 They can do it by_____________(they). (答案为themselves) 4.不定代词 I will stay here for ___________ three weeks .(答案为another) In Canada,the tipping situation is very similar to _______ of the US. (答案为that) 5.其他代词 6.it的用法 1)形式主语：_________is no use crying over spilt milk. (答案为It) 2)形式宾语：he makes _________a rule to go for a walk before breakfast (答案为it) 3)强调结构：It was I _________ told him about it. （答案为that/who） 4)时间、距离、环境、天气 _________ is half an hour's walk to the city centre.（答案为It） 真题回顾 语法填空: 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 61 (to be lifted) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____62____ (they) contents. 【解析】此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语修饰contents，故填their。 2. (2022年全国乙卷) The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _____ (it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. 【解析】修饰名词exhibition，应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。 3. (2021年全国乙卷) Ecotourism has _______ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. 【解析】修饰名词origin，应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。 4. (2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷) As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in _______ (I). 【解析】本句中does指代上文的stick，句中缺少宾语，与前文的the visitor’s memory相对应，用mine，相 当于my memory，故填mine。5. (2018全国Ⅰ卷) If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __________ a try. 【解析】作间接宾语，代替前文的running，用it。当然直接填running也可以，故填it/running。 6. (2018全国Ⅲ卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _______ (they) alive. 【解析】作动词find的宾语要用宾格，故填them。 7. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ____ every day. 【解析】作using的宾语，用宾格人称代词；指代前文中的the railway，用it，故填it。 8. (2020全国Ⅰ卷) Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 【解析】在名词plans前作定语，用形容词性物主代词its，指“中国的”计划，故填its。 9. (2014全国Ⅱ卷) “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It’s ___________ (I).” 【解析】句中It可能是替代my suitcase，意为“那是我的箱子”，故填mine；也可能是代替anyone,意为 “丢东西的人是我”，故填me。 10. (2020新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of _______ (we) Further Resources section featured in each volume. 【解析】在名词Further Resources section前作定语，用形容词性物主代词，故填our。 11. (2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _____________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. 【解析】反指主语 visitors，故填反身代词 themselves。imagine sb doing sth意为“想象某人做某事”，故 填themselves。 考情分析 考情：自2014年以来的全国卷中，代词在语法填空共考了13题，属于常考考点。 在上述语法填空中，8题给了提示词：3题是给出it，要求考生填入its；2题是给出they，要求考生填them 或themselves；2题是给出I，要求考生填mine/me；1题是给出we，要求考生填our；2题是纯空格题，要 求考生填it。 1. 在语法填空的纯空格中，如果空格处是句子的主语和宾语，一定是填代词。因为作主语或宾语的典型词 类就是名词和代词，而在纯空格中是不要求考生根据上下文推断来填名词的，所以只能是填代词；然后根 据句意弄清指代对象，指代对象在上下文（主要是上文）中找，找到后填入空格看句意是否通顺；最后根 据指代内容是人还是物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数等，填入一个适当的代词。 2. 如果语法填空中给出了代词的基本形式，要根据要填的词在句中的作用来判断填哪种形式。作定语用形 容词性物主代词，作主语用人称代词主格，作宾语和表语用宾格；同时注意，名词性物主代词也可作主 语、宾语和表语，但意思不同，它相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。此外，还需要注意偶尔会考查反 身代词。 模拟操练 语法填空: 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1. The British Museum was first opened on 15 January, 1759. In the early days of the museum, about 5,000 people visited ______ every year. 【解析】缺宾语，应填代词；指代前文的The British Museum作宾语应用代词it，故填it。 2. A theme park in France…has trained six rooks (白嘴鸦) to pick up rubbish… The birds pick up the litter and put it in a trash can. This gives the crows food as a reward. The more litter the birds put in the trash, the more food ______ get. 【解析】句意：鸟儿捡的垃圾越多，它们得到的食物就越多。此处指代 the birds并在句中作主语，故填 they。 3. (2023届山东德州期中考试) While the Qinling Mountains have long been known as the northern edge of giant panda habitat, _____ was only in 2005 that the Qinling panda was recognized as a distinct subspecies of giant panda. 【解析】此处为强调句句型“It be+被强调部分+that+剩余部分”，故填it。 4. (2023届山东泰安期中考试) “She relies on us and her teachers very much. I want her to learn how to do things by ________ (her) and become more independent,” she said. 【解析】因by oneself为固定搭配，意为“独自地”，故填herself。 5. Xia finally made _____ in his fifth attempt on May 14, 2018… 【解析】因make it意为“获得成功”，故填it。 6. ____ was also during this age that similar games were being played in Korea and Japan, and gradually worldwide. 【解析】与was…that…构成强调结构，强调时间状语during this age，故填It。 7. Seippel has been playing music since he was just 12 years old. But it was not until he was 24 and living in China _____ he learned to play the pipa. 【解析】因it was not until…that….是not…until…(直到……才……)的强调结构，故填that。 8. What’s more, with a faster check-in, the high-speed trains are also less affected by weather than planes. Seldom are _____ delayed or cancelled for weather condition. 【解析】分析句子结构可知，本句缺主语，由前文内容可知，此处指代高铁，故用代词they。 9. (2023届广东普宁阶段检测) …but they had also learnt that _____ was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. 【解析】此处为It is adj. for sb to do sth固定句型，意为“做某事对于某人来说是……”，其中，it是形式 主语，真正的主语是to do sth。 10.[2023·唐山市一模]It will take some time to popularize the new travel trend and the prices must remain competitive to ensure that regular tourists can afford ________． 【解析】句意：要普及这种新的旅游趋势还需要一段时间，而且价格必须保持竞争力，以确保普通游客能 够负担得起。分析句意可知，这里指代的是复数名词prices且动词afford后接宾语，所以用人称代词的宾 格形式，故填them。 11. She often tells me that I can be anyone I want, as long as I’m confident of ________ (I). 【解析】从句中主语和宾语都是“我”，故用反身代词，表示“我对自己充满信心”，故填myself。12.[2023·广州市综合测试二]In such festivals, people create projects and present ________ to judges. There are two rules: the project must be made of food, and it must be based on a book. 【解析】根据句意“在这些节日中，人们创作出项目并向评委展示他们”，此处 present 为及物动词，后 面缺少宾语，故填 them，指代前面的 projects。 13.(2023 届浙江湖州联考) Recently the city of Honolulu, Hawaii, declared it’s time to take action and make ______ illegal to cross the road while using a smart phone. 【解析】因make/find/consider it+adj.+(for sb) to do sth 为固定句型，意为“使得/发现/认为(某人)做某事 很……”，其中it是形式宾语，(for sb) to do sth是真正的宾语。 14.For one thing, different regions are famous for growing different types of tea… For ___________, people in different regions tend to prefer drinking different teas. 【解析】因 for one thing… for another… 为固定搭配，意为“一方面……另一方面……”，故填another。 15.[2023·山东省泰安市三模]While many called this region the Southern Ocean, some scientists called ________ the Antarctic Ocean, others said Austral Ocean. 【解析】句意：虽然很多人称这个地区为南大洋，但一些科学家称其为南冰洋，另一些科学家称其为南极 海。空处指代上文的“this region”作宾语，需用代词it，故填it。 16. Reading fiction is one of the best ways we have of putting ___________ (we) in other people’s shoes. 【解析】反指从句的主语we，故用反身代词ourselves。 17. I dislike _____ when the air is bad because bad air makes it difficult for me to breathe… 【解析】因I dislike it when… (我不喜欢……的时候)是固定句式，故填it。 18.[2023·苏州八校三模]After graduation he began to take part in the PLA Air Force's selection of astronaut candidates and was finally selected with ________ 13 male aviators(飞行员)． 【解析】句意：毕业后，他开始参加中国人民解放军空军的航天员选拔工作，最终与另外13名男性航天员 一起入选。根据句意和后文“13 male aviators”可知，此处应用形容词another修饰名词，表示“另外13名 男性航天员”，故填another。 19. (2023届重庆第四次质检) Recently, it has been discovered by doctors that the amount of fat in butter coffee is at least five times higher than ______ in most recommended daily food. 【解析】用于指代前面的同类单数名词the amount of fat，故填that。 20. So what is 6G supposed to bring, especially for ordinary people? For one thing, ____will make mobile Internet work at a speed of 1 TB per second… 【解析】缺主语，应填代词；代指上文中的“6G”作主语，故填it。 21. (2023届重庆11月调研) The social networking website is a tool that allows _____ (we) to stay more deeply connected with a larger and more diverse set of friends. 【解析】作allows的宾语要用we的宾格形式us，故填us。 22. ____ took artist Guo Feng two months to complete the black-and-white painting named Yongsheng in Chinese… 【解析】因It takes somebody some time to do sth(某人花费时间做某事)是固定句型，其中，it是形式主语， 真正的主语是to do sth，故填It。23. (2023 届江苏镇江期中调研) This year’s event will be more diverse than ______ of last year and it is scheduled to last until the end of the year, according to the organizer. 【解析】用于指代前面的同类单数名词event，故填that。 24. (2023届河南洛平许济一检) In 2001, another group of fishermen from South Carolina told a story of how dolphins protected humans from danger. Their boat sank 50 kilometers from the shore and they found ________________ (they) surrounded by some dangerous tiger sharks. 【解析】主语的动作对象就是主语自身，故用其反身代词作宾语，故填themselves。 25. Why was Cao able to make the discovery? His teachers think it is Cao’s independent learning ability and interest in doing experiments ______ matter. 【解析】本句为强调句，其句型结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+剩余部分，故填 that。 26.[2023·湖北省八市联考]Also, the lecture is an eye-opener and I actually have developed an appreciation of the devotion and hard work ________ takes to create art. 【解析】句意：“而且，这次讲座让我大开眼界，实际上，我已经开始欣赏创作艺术所需要的奉献和辛勤 工作。”此处为句型it takes/took sth. to do sth.，表示“做某事需要……”，故填it。 27. (2023 届陕西宝鸡一检) Today China’s rapid growth and _____ (it) favourable environment and the expatriates’ exciting stories have stimulated foreigners’ interest in the nation. 【解析】修饰名词environment用形容词性物主代词，故填its。 28. It’s no surprise that smartwatches are so popular nowadays — _____ seems that everyone wants to buy one! 【解析】本句真正的主语为that从句，缺乏形式主语，故用代词it，故填it。 29. _____ is possible that hackers (黑客) could steal this data from app companies and use it to break into users’ phones and steal their money. 【解析】it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，也可将It is possible that…(有可能……)看作一个固 定句型，故填It。 30. (2023 届四川资阳一诊) The wildlife overpasses (立交桥) and underpasses let animals cross over or under busy roadways safely and allow them to use _______ (they) customary paths, which would otherwise be blocked. 【解析】修饰名词paths，应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。 31. (2023届山东济宁期中考试) “ ___ feels like the path of online novel writing is becoming much wider,” the writer says. 【解析】因it feels like (that)…为固定句型，意为“感觉就像……”，故填It。 32. (2023届四川绵阳一诊) Although there have been other rice experiments in space, the one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of _____ (it) kind. 【解析】修饰名词kind，应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。 33. (2023届山东济南期中考试) Jinling Library, founded in 1927, established _____ (it) first “Window of Chinese Books” overseas in Nigeria in 2013. 【解析】修饰专有名词“Window of Chinese Books”作定语，用形容词性物主代词，故填its。 34. (2023届四川泸州一诊) Zhu Dejun’s first job after graduating from college was as a road design engineer in _____(he) hometown.【解析】指“他的”家乡，在名词前作定语，用形容词性物主代词，故填his。 35. (2023届广东汕头质检) …her linguistic powers has made _____ easier for her to communicate with foreign tourists. 【解析】此处为make it adj. for sb to do sth固定句型，意为“使做某事对某人来说怎么样”，其中it为形式 宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式，故填it。