文档内容
【复习卡】
03 代词和介词
代词
I. 代词可以分为以下八大类
主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
人称代 形容词性物主
1 my, your, his, her, its, our, their
词 代词
名词性物主代
mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
词
2 反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
3 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, some
4 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
5 关系代词/连接代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as
one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little
6 不定代词
other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either
7 相互代词 each other,one another
II. 不定代词用法注意点
类 别 区 别 例 句
①We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ___ we
like yet.
one 可以泛指人或者事（东 A.one B.ones C.it D.them
西），其复数为ones ② Cars do cause us some health problems — in fact far more
serious _______ than mobile phones do.
A.one B . ones C.it D.those
some可用于疑问句中，表示 —Your coffee smells great! —It’s from Mexico．Would you
盼望得到肯定的答复，或者 like ________?
表示建议，请求等 A.it B . some C.this D.1ittle
①I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the
some 和any修饰可数名词单 mistakes, if any.
数时，some 表示某个，any ②—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?
表示任何一个 —________way as you please.
A.Each B.Every C . Any D.Either
one, —There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and
one指同类中的一个，it指代
some， borrow ?
同一种类的东西。 此外 i t 还
any和it —No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore.
可以作形式主语、形式宾语
A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it
和用于强调句型中。
D.it;it
① There’s ________cooking oil in the house. Would you go to
the corner store and get ________.
A . 1ittle , some B.1ittle,any C.a little,some
D.a little,any
② We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no
some 多用于肯定句，any 多 use for ________.
用于疑问句和否定句 A.none B.either C . any
D.each
③He doesn’t have _________ furniture in his room --just an old
desk.
A. any B. many C. some
D. mucheach强调个别，代表的数可 ①Each student has a pocket dictionary.
each和 以是两个或两个以上，而 Each (of us) has a dictionary. = We each have a dictionary.
every every强调整体，所指的数必 ② Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us
须是三个或三个以上 has strong and weak points.
no 等于 not any，作定语。
none作主语或宾语，代替不 ①There is no water in the bottle.
none和no 可数名词，谓语用单数，代 ②How much water is there in the bottle? None.
替可数名词，谓语单复数皆 ③None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
可以
other泛指“另外的，别的”
常与其他
① Both sides have accused of breaking the
词连用，如：the other day,
contract.
every other
A. another B. the other C. neither D. each
week, someother reason, no
② Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the
other way,
exam.
the other特指两者中的另外一
other和
个，复数为the others
another
①We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun，so let’s have
another 指“又一个，另一 ______ one this month．
个”无所指， A．the other B．some C ． another D．
复数形式是others，泛指“别 other
的人或 ②The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some
事” others.
③Some like football, while others like basketball.
①—Do you want tea or coffee? — ______, I really don't
mind.
A. none B. neither C. either
前者意思为：两者都（两者
either和 D. all
中任何一方都）；后者
neither ② It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which
意思为：两者都
_____ of the parents spoke the language.
A. none B. neither C. both
D. each
英语中的方位介词
介词的种类很多。有许多表示事物存在的方向和位置的介词，我们称之为方位介词。如 in（在……
里），behind (在……后面)，down (向下)等等。其中有些方位介词的意义比较接近，在用法上很难区分，
如on, over, above 都有“在……之上”的意思，但含义却不尽相同。我们可以用三个图示配以简短的文字
叙述来说明这三个介词的不同用法。
on (强调与物体的表面相接触)
over
（不必与物体表面相接触，但强调与物体的位置垂直）
above （不必与物体表面相接触，也不必与物体的位置垂直）
通过这种方法，我们很容易掌握这三个介词的用法。现将初中英语教材中的部分方位介词用图示的方
法归纳列举如下:
介 词 图 示 意 义 例 句The students are reading in the classroom.
1 in 在……之内 学生们在教师里读书。
The boat is on the river.
2 on 在……上面
那条船在河上。
There are several bridges over the river. 河上有
3 over 在……（正）上方 好几座桥。
The boat sailed under the bridge.
4 under 在……（正）下方 船在桥下行驶。
The plane flew above the clouds.
5 obove 在……上方 飞机在云上飞行。
The sun sinks below the horizon.
6 below 在……下方 太阳沉没在地平线下。
Our house is by the river.
By
我们的房子在河边。
7 在……旁边
Come and sit beside me.
Beside
过来坐在我旁边。
I don’t need a car because I live near the city
8 near 在……附近 centre .
我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心
My best friend sits next to me in class.
9 next to 紧挨……
上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。
Olive hid behind a tree.
10 behind 在……后面
奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。
He made a speech before a large audience.
他在许多观众面前发表了讲话。
11 before 在……之前
He parked his car outside the heater.
12 outside 在……外面 他把汽车停在剧场外面。
We walked to the fruit shop.
13 to 到……去
我们步行到水果店。
We traveled to London from Edingburgh.
14 from 从……来 我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。
All sat around the table.
15 (a)round 围绕…… 所有的人围绕着桌子坐。
The letter B is between A and C.
在……之间（指二
16 between 字母B在A和C之间。
者）
The house stands among the trees.
在……之间（指三 房子在树丛中。
17 among
者或三者以上）
If the road is busy, don’t walk across it.
18 across 横过、越过……
如果道路拥挤，就不要横穿马路。
We drove through the tunnel.
19 through 穿过……
我们开车穿过了隧道。The men lift the baskets onto the trucks.
20 onto 向上 人们把篮子运上卡车。
They put the apples into the baskets.
21 into 进入到…之内
他们把苹果放进篮子里。
Don’t look out of the window in class.
22 out of 从……出来
上课时不要朝窗外看。
Walk along this street, then turn left, you can see
23 along 沿着 the post office.
沿着这条街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到邮局。
The monkeys climbed up the trees to pick the
24 up 向上 bananas.
猴子爬上树上去摘香蕉。
The ball is rolling down the hill.
25 down 向下 球正往山下滚。
