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【复习卡】
12 定语从句
I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词
叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先
行词保持数的一致。
先行
关系词 从句成分 例 句 备 注
词
Do you know the man who is talking with
who 人 主语
your mother?
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am
whom 人 宾语 working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
I like those books whose topics are about whom, which 和that在从
人或 history. 句中做宾语时，常可以省
whose 定语
关 物 The boy whose father works abroad is my 略，但介词提前时后面关
系 deskmate. 系代词不能省略，也不可
代 A plane is a machine that can fly. 以用that
人或 主语，宾
词 that She is the pop star (that) I want to see very
物 语
much.
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
主语，宾
which 物 The picture which was about the accident
语
was terrible.
He is such a person as is respected by all of
人或 主语，宾
as us. as做宾语一般不省略
物 语
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
I will never forget the day when we met
关 when 时间 时间状语 可用on which
there.
系
where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
副
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned
词 why 原因 原因状语 可用for which
down my offer.
II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别
情 况 用法说明 例 句
1.先行词为 all, everything, anything, 1.He told me everything that he knows.
nothing, little, much,等不定代词时
2.先行词被 all, any, every, each, much, 2.All the books that you offered has been given out.
little, no, some, few等修饰时
只用that的情 3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰 3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
4.We talked about the persons and things that we
况 时
remembered.
4.先行词既指人又指物时
5.He is the only man that I want to see.
5.先行词被the only, the very修饰时
6.Who is the man that is making a speech?
6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避
免重复时
1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用
which指代物，用who/whom指人 1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further
只用which, 2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语 study.
who, whom的 从句中，只能用which指物，whom指
情况 人。 2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
3.先行词本身是 that 时，关系词用
3.Those who respect others are usually respected bywhich, 先行词为 those, one, he 时多用 others.
who。
III. as、which和that的区别
从句 区 别 例 句
限制性 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关 He is not such a fool as he looks.
定语从句中 系代词用as,不能用which Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
as 和 which 都可以指代前面整个主
They won the game, as we had expected.
句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并
非限制性 They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，
定语从句中 As is well known, he is a famous film star in the
那么用as；而which引导的从句只能
1980s.
放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。
That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类
the same... as和 the same... as指同类事物 工具，不是同一把）
the same ...that the same ...that 指原物 That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就
是我上周用过的工具。
注意：the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。
IV.定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别
类 别 区 别 例 句
① Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an
定语从句与并列句的主要区别在
engineer．
定语从句 于：并列句有像and，but，so等
② Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a
与 并列连词或两个句子用分号连
dancer．
并列句 接，这时就不能再用引导定语从
从结构上看，①小题是定语从句，故填whom；
句的关系词了。
②小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them。
This is the place where we used to live a few years
ago.
这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为 the
定语从句的前面有名词作先行
place）
词，而状语从句没有先行词。
Let’s go where we can find a better job.
我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从
句）
Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道
定语从句修饰、限制、说明名
下课的时间吗？（定语从句）
词，只能放在先行词的后面，而
It was already five o’clock when the class was over.
状语从句说明动作发生的情况，
定语从句 =When the class was over, it was already five o’clock.
并且可以放在主句的前面。
与 当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句）
状语从句 This is the factory in which (where) his father once
When, where 和 why 在引导定语
worked.
从句时可以用“介词＋which”的
这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句）
结构来替换，在引导状语从句时
Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。（状语
却不行。
从句）
定语从句中的关系词在从句中充 It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们
当某种句子成分，因此去掉它则 大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。
从句成分不完整；而结果状语从 （as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是定语从句）
句中的连接词在从句中不作任何 It is such an interesting book that we all like it.
成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完 它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。
整。 （that不充当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句）
定语从句在复合句中相当于形容 The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very
词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限 happy.
定语从句
制的作用，与先行词之间有从属 她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。（同位语从句）
与
关系。同位语的作用相当于名 此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had passed the
同位语从
词，对前面的名词给予补充说明 exam
句
或进一步解释，是前面名词的具 可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passed the exam.
体内容,与先行词之间是同位关 The news that he told us interested all of us.他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。（定语从句）
系。 The news that he told us 是定语从句，此句不能改写为：
The news is that he told us.
强调句的结构为“It is／was＋被
①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang
强调部分＋that＋从句”。被强调
Wei at the airport．
部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成
定语从句 ②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works．
分，当被强调部分是人时，还可
与 从结构上看：
用who 代替 that。这一句型中，
强调句 ①小题是强调句，故填 that。
一定不能因为被强调部分是表时
②小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知 the factory
间或地点的词就用when或where
前差个介词in，故填 where。
代替 that。
