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【复习卡】
01 名词和主谓一致
一、名词和主谓一致
I. 名词的种类
专有名词 普通名词
可数名词 不可数名词
国名地名人名，团体机构名称
个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词
特别注意名词类别的相互转换
个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换
例 句 意 义 名词性质
①She held some flowers in her hand. 花儿 个体名词
②The trees are now in flower 开花 抽象名词
①Youth is beautiful. 青春 抽象名词
②He is a youth of twenty 年轻人 个体名词
①They have achieved remarkable success in their work. 成功 抽象名词
②—How about the Christmas evening party?
成功的事 个体名词
—I should say it was a success.
物质名词与个体名词的相互转换
例 句 意 义 名词性质
①Iron is a kind of metal. 铁 物质名词
②Please lend me your iron. 熨斗 个体名词
①He broke a piece of glass. 玻璃 物质名词
②He broke a glass. 玻璃杯 个体名词
①I bought a chicken this morning 小鸡 个体名词
②Please help yourself to some chicken 鸡肉 物质名词
抽象名词与个体名词的转换
①—I’d like______information about the management of your hotel,please.
—Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be helpful
A.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,a
②They sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名词）
具有动作意义的抽象名词加用
A.a B.an C./ D.the
与某些动词（如：have等）连
③Could we have word before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词）
用，表示某一次短暂的动作
A.a B.an C./ D.the
类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look
take a walk/a bath make an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发)
/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try
①Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a must in____international trade
today.
A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, the
a knowledge of truth(知道实际情况)
表示知识和时间的抽象名词转 give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)
换为普通名词时可以用来表示 have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识)
其中的一部分 ②If there were no examination, we should have______at school.
A.the happiest time B.a more happier time
C.much happiest time D.a much happier time
③ is money.
A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times
抽象名词转换为普通名词可用 ①Oh, John. _____you gave me!A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise
C.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise
②She looked up when I shouted.
来表示“一次、一阵、一种”
A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some
具体的行为、事件、现象或结
surprise
果。这时名词前往往有形容词
其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant
修饰
surprise
③It is_____work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.
A.so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unusual D.so an unusual
II. 名词的数
规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的复数
形式是不规则的，请看下表
规 则 例 词
1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species
ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses,
3 只有复数形式
contents
4 一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff
部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数 audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee,
5
（成员） government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪),
6 复数形式表示特别含义 drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌),
looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)
加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
表示“某国 单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
7
人” 以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-
Englishmen, Frenchwomen
women
将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
8 合成名词 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants
III. 主谓一致
规则 情 况 举 例
语 His father is working on the farm.
To study English well is not easy.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作 What he said is very important for us all.
法 主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况
动词 用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带
用复数形式。 有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数
形式。
一 what I bought were three English books.
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.
Lucy and Lily are twins
由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数
The writer and artist has come.致 Every student and every teach is in the classroom.
Many a boy and many a girl likes it.
No boy and no girl likes it.
Each of us has a new book. Is everyone
原 here today?
Somebody is speaking in class. Everything
形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物 around us is matter
时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and 连接的并列单数 若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动
主语前如果分别有 no, each, every 或 more than a 词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语
则 (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 动词用单数或复数都可以。
either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any None of the sugar was left.
no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。. None of us has (have) been to America.
Those who want to go please write their names on
the blackboard.
在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
He is the (only) one of my friends who is
working hard.
It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.
在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致
It is we who ar e going to the cinema tonight.
The police are looking for the lost child.
The cattle are eating grass in the field.
His family has moved to the south .(他的一家)
如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形
His family are watching TV.（他的家人）
式； 如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式
Class four is on the third floor.（四班）
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
（四班的学生）
There are a lot of people in the classroom.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
50 percent of the students in our class are girls.
由 a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the 此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法
rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分 （用复数），但the number of +复数名词的数就得
数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短 依number 而定（用单数）。
语中后面名词的数而定。 A number of students have gone to the farm to
help the farmer pick apples.
The number of pages in this book is three
hundred.
There comes the bus. On the wall are
many pictures.
在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 Such is the result. Such are the
facts.
Between the two hills stands a monument.
逻 Which is your bag? Which are your
bags?
辑 Are any of you good at English? Has any of
What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也 you got a pen?
意 可是复数， 主要靠意思来决定。 All can be done has been done. All is going
well.
义 All have been taken out. All have gone
to Beijing.
一 Thirty minutes is enough for the work..
表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动 Twenty pounds is too dear.
致 词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一 如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形
个整体。 式
原 Forty kilos of water are used every day.
若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式，其谓语 The United States is smaller than China.
则 动词通常用单数形式。 “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语
One and a half apples is left on the table.
时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
一些学科名词是以-ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics,
The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建
physics 以及news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的名
于1990年。
词， 实际意义为单数名词，
I don’t think physics is easy to study.
它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等词作主语 My glasses are broken.
时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of 等量 The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
词修饰时（clothes被a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。
“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复 The old are taken good care of there.
数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。 The beautiful gives pleasure to all.
Either the teacher or the students are our friends.
当两个主语由 either or, neither nor, not only but also
Neither he nor they are wholly right.
,whether or 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即
Neither they nor he is wholly right.
就近一致。
Is neither he nor they wholly right?
there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如 There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
就
果其后是由and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主 There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
近
语保持一致，即就近一致。
/远
Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has
一
come to China.
致
A woman with a baby was on the bus.
原 主语后面跟有 with, together with, except, but, like, as
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
则 well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides,
She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语， 谓
The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak
语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。
Japanese.
No one except my teachers knows anything about
it.
