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考点 03 名词（原卷版）
【命题解读】
名词和主谓一致是历年高考的重要考点，常常出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错
题型中。名词部分主要考查：
①名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配
②名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）
③名词的所有格
④抽象名词的具体化
⑤名词和冠词的搭配
高考关于主谓一致的考查主要集中在一下三个方面：
①语法一致
②意义一致
③就近原则
【命题预测】
语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中在给出词根进行此类转化，
根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词，名词的复数形式，所有格形式的变化。主谓一致一般
会与名词、动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。
【名师指导】
1. 整体把握，注意语境
从近年高考试题看，高考语法填空对名词的考查离不开具体的语境，在语境中考查名
词的相关知识。做题时，既要全面、整体地看题干，还要注意分析句子成分，并根据提示
词来确定名词的相关考点。通常，涉及名词考点的试题包括：
（1）根据语境判断名词的单复数；
（2）提示词是形容词、动词等此类，根据句子成分和词缀知识加上相应的后缀变成名词；
（3）名词的固定搭配；
（4）名词的所有格及名词的其他相关知识
2. 确定考点，注意搭配语法填空对名词的考查涉及名词各方面的知识，解题时要注意首先根据提示信息确定
考点，试题是考查名词的词类转换，还是考查复数名词、名词的所有格，还是考查主谓一
致、名词的固定搭配等，确定了考点之后，再结合其他相关知识来做出正确解答。
3. 多记单词，积累词缀
高考对名词的考查注重基础，我们在平时的复习中要打好基础，掌握足够的考纲词汇，
并熟知其常见搭配和用法，并注意熟练掌握常用的名词词缀知识。
4. 巧用就近原则
当主语是由or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的并列成分时以及
在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则。
【重要考向】
一、名词的数；
二、名词作定语；
三、名词所有格；
名词的数
【典例】
【2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空】
The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ______
(human) are.
【 名词的数 提分秘籍】
名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。
1．可数名词的复数
(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加es
desk→desks；dish→dishes stomach的复数形式是stomachs
(2)以”辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加es
study→studies
(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为ves
leaf→leaves
(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加s
piano→pianos
(5)单、复数同形
sheep；deer
(6)单、复数都要加s的名词works(工厂)；means(方法)
有一些例外情况：
(1)巧记以o结尾加es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。(即Negro，hero，tomato
和potato四个词)
(2)巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信
(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。
2．不可数名词一般没有复数形式，如果需要表示量，通常要用“a＋表量的概念的名
词＋of＋名词”来表示，其中的表量的概念的名词可以根据需要用复数形式
a piece of paper一张纸；several pieces of information几条信息。
通常情况下，抽象名词和物质名词都是不可数名词，如comfort，luck，rain，energy等。
3．一些不可数名词也有复数形式，但词义不同
语意 语意
brains 智力 times 时代
manners 礼貌 hairs 几根头发
goods 货物 sands 沙滩，沙漠
arms 武器 waters 水域，领海
snows 积雪 fruits 水果
glasses 眼镜 papers 论文；试卷；报纸
greens 青菜 customs 海关
pains 努力 woods 树林
4.抽象名词、物质名词具体化
(1)英语中有一类名词在表示泛指意义时，它是一种概念，是不可数名词，但当它们被
赋予了具体的含义后，可看作可数名词，一般与不定冠词连用，含有”一个(件、次)……
的人或事”。如：
beauty(美，美貌)→a beauty(一个美人或一件美物)
danger(危险)→a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)
failure(失败)→a failure(一件失败的事或一个失败的人)
honour(光荣)→an honour(一个带来荣誉的人或一件带来荣誉的事)
must(必须)→a must(一件必要的事或物)
worry(担心)→a worry(一件令人担心的事或一个令人担忧的人)
pity(遗憾)→a pity(一件可惜的事)
service(服务)→a service(一个服务机构)
smoke(烟)→a smoke(一缕烟)
surprise(惊奇)→a surprise(一件令人吃惊的事)
pleasure(乐趣)→a pleasure(一件有趣的事)
experience(经验)→an experience(一次经历)
(2)物质名词在表示构成物体的基本要素时，是不可数名词，但一旦表示具体物品，就变成了可数名词。如：
coffee(咖啡)→a coffee(一杯咖啡)
sand(沙子)→a sand(一片沙滩)
iron(铁)→an iron(一个熨斗)
water(水)→a water(一片水域)
抽象名词有时还可用复数形式。如：comfort(安慰)→comforts(舒适的设施)；joy(乐
趣)→joys(乐事)；difficulty(困难)→difficulties(困难，难做的事)。
还有的用在某些固定短语中，如：have a look(看一下)；a few，a little(一些)；all of a
sudden(突然)；make a study of…(对……进行研究)；in a hurry(匆忙)等。
5．有些可数名词抽象为“某一概念”时，便转化为不可数名词
a room(房间)→room(空间)；a word(话，词)→word(消息)；a space(空地)→space(宇宙,空
间);go to school/church/bed/ college，etc(去上学/做礼拜/上床睡觉/上大学等)。
6．有些词只用作不可数名词
Fun, advice, news, information, furniture ， equipment ， baggage/luggage ， bread,
homework，housework，juice，weather，progress，practice等。
7．常见复合名词的复数
lookeron→lookerson旁观者；passerby→passersby过路人；
fatherinlaw→fathersinlaw岳父；comradeinarms→ comradesinarms战友；gobetween→go-
betweens 中间人；grownup→grownups 成年人；storekeeper→storekeepers 店主；tooth-
brush→toothbrushes牙刷。
8．英语中集合名词的”数”有三种情况
(1)“形单义复”的名词：这类集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：cattle牛；
police警察；people人们(作民族、种族讲时复数为peoples)；youth青年人(youths指青年们)。
(2)“形单义单”的名词：这类集合名词作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。如：baggage/
luggage行李；clothing衣服；furniture家具；machinery机械；man/mankind人类。
(3)有些集合名词作整体看时，当单数用，谓语动词用单数；作其“成员”解时，当复
数用，且形式不变，谓语动词用复数。如：family家；government政府；group组；team队；
class班级；audience听众。
名词作定语
【典例】
【2021浙江卷6月语法填空】
In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their
______（marry）ceremony in 1842.【 名词作定语 提分秘籍】
1．名词作定语时，几乎总是用单数形式(即使在意义上是复数)。如：radio programs电
台节目。
2．man/woman作定语修饰名词时，随名词的单复数变化一起变化。如：a man doctor
一名男大夫；two men doctors两名男大夫。但girl与boy作定语仍用单数形式，如many boy
students许多男学生。
3．还有少数名词作定语时，形式不变。如：a clothes shop一个服装店；a sports man一
位运动员；a customs officer一位海关官员；a goods train一列货车；a sales manager一个营
销经理；a savings office一个储蓄所。
名词所有格
【典例】
【2021浙江卷语法填空】
It is calculated by dividing a ______ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and
a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
【 名词作定语 提分秘籍】
英语名词的所有格构成如下：
构成情况 举例
a boy’s
单数名词后加“’s” seat ， the
student’s bag
Charles’
以s结尾的人名只加“’”
home
the girls’
词尾为s的复数名词后只加 names，
“’” Teachers’
Day
today’s
表示时间、距离、机构、 newspaper ，
团体、地名以及可拟人化的名
an hour’s
词后加“’s”
work ，
China’sindustry
some
数量词(a，two，some， friends of
no...)＋名词＋of＋名词所有格 my
father’s
the
名词＋of＋名词所有格(往
lecture of Mr.
往含有感情色彩)
Yang’s
注意：无生命的名词(能拟人化的名词除外)可用of表示所属关
系。
[来源:Zxxk.Com]
如：the windows of the classroom，the top of the mountain。
所修饰的名词为“诊所、住宅或其他处所”时，被修饰的名词常省略。如：at the
doctor’s(clinic)在诊所；to my uncle’s (house)到我叔叔家；in the manager’s(office)在经理办公
室；at the barber’s/tailor’s(shop)在理发店/裁缝铺。
另外，表示并列的名词“共有某物”时，只在最后一个名词后加“‘s”；如果表示
“各自所有”，则在每个名词后加’s。如：
Lucy and Mary’s desk露西和玛丽共用的课桌；Lucy’s and Mary’s desks露西和玛丽各自
的课桌。
（2022.1浙江卷语法填空）
When the answer was no,she declined the 64 (invite) .
（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is 10 must to visit!
（2021.6新高考二卷）
A company ____44____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over
_____45_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny
we 2 (human) are.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9 (watchtower)
to take pictures...
（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
9 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations
aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It took us about 3 hours to go all 8 way around the Xi'an City Wall.
（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Due to 5 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various
types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet
the following principles:
（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
9 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing
family.
（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
In 1844 they bought it for＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed
their 3 (marry) ceremony in 1842.
（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the
areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides
money for conservation and benefits the 2 (develop) of the local areas.
（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）
The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of
deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side.
（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of
spring.
【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】
Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.
【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a
mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all
67 (cause).
【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】
Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has
increased only 7 percent.
【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】
Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her
lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.
【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and
monkeys.
【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is
seen as especially troublesome.
【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】
F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the
home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
【2017·新课标卷II ·语法填空】
It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the
roads above as they travelled to and fromwork.
【2017·新课标卷II ·语法填空】This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and
then building a strong roof over 6 4 top.（2022·重庆·一模）
The project was completed so quickly because the workers had been arranged into seven units to
undertake different ___57___(task) at the same time.
（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）
Each person's handwriting is unique and conveys an individual's_____10_____ (personal) and
emotion.
（2022·云南·一模）
The opening of the China-Laos Railway will thus help speed the ___19___ (develop) of the
China-Laos Economic Corridor, and will further advance the building of a China-Laos community
with _ a _ shared future.
（2022·陕西省榆林中学二模）
In the Republic of Korea, young people are giving up on ____27____ (marry) and home owner-
ship.
（2022·河南·模拟预测）
This game adopted water ____50____ (conserve) and used other recycling materials to ensure the
ecosystem was well protected.
（2022·重庆·一模）
Measuring 246 kilometres in ___58___(long), the new Nanlong Railway is a main transport link
between south-east China and ___59___(center) China.
（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T8）
…but if you conveniently throw it out, wind and run-off carry the waste down the sewer(污水管)
and directly to the ocean, affecting the marine life including the fish, a main source of food for
___8___ (human).
（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T2）
It seems that people in western countries are becoming increasingly worried about the sideeffects of drugs, and are turning to various ___2___ (treatment) such as yoga, reflexology and
acupuncture (针灸) to complement, or sometimes even replace, western medicine.
（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T7）
I made an ___7___(appoint) with the acupuncturist in my area and turned up at his room the
following morning.
（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T4）
If we choose long-lasting clothes, it helps solve two key______4______ (issue) at once-
overconsumption and the declining quality of many clothes in stores these days.
（2021•珠海市二模•语法填空•T3）
Discoveries made at the site can date back to the 12th and 11h centuries BC, and many of the
____3____ (item) are now on display at an on-site museum.
（2021•珠海市二模•语法填空•T4）
The site has revolutionized experts' understanding of how civilization evolved in ancient China. In
particular, ____4____ (evident) of a unique Shu culture suggests that the kingdom developed
independently of neighboring societies in the Yellow River Valley, which was traditionally
considered to be the cradle of Chinese civilization.
（2021•肇庆市三模•语法填空•T10）
Extreme weather events can worsen many of these health ____10_____ (threat).
（2021•漳州一中新高考模拟•语法填空•T5）
By the time of his death he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million ___5__
(copy) of his works have been sold worldwide.
（2021•玉林市一模•语法填空•T9）
McKinstry holds the ____9____ (believe) that the British are funny.
（2021•永春县第三次联考•语法填空•T9）
On Weibo, the breaking news has been sent by at least tens of thousands of users and received
countless ____9____(thumb-up).
【辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三模拟】
It runs on______ (battery) and is programed to return to where it started from when its passenger
gets off.【江苏省如皋市2021届高三调研】
According to the study, the accidents of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to
______ (curious).
【江苏省如皋市2021届高三调研】
This is why many toys contain ______ (warn) about small parts.
【江苏省南通市通州区2021届高三质量监测】
As a result, it provides a terrific full-body workout, improving coordination, flexibility, balance and
muscle______（strong).
【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】
Kataria Laughter Clubs are popping up in response to people’s need to handle ______ (press).
【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】
Through Western color and Chinese painting techniques, Deng has been looking for a crossing
between Eastern and Western art ______ (style).
【湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调】
Don't do this in an obvious way because this is annoying，but do it without his awareness of your
______ (intend)．
【湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调】
Occupy him with ______ (activity)and appointments.
【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】
Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, Beijing 2022 reported that ______ (construct) of competition
venues(场馆) remained on track to be completed by the end of this year.
【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】
As global travel restrictions are likely to remain for the coming months, Beijing 2022 organizers
have decided to cancel a series of test ______ (event).
【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】
Many competitors spend big money to get their ______ (hand) on top-performing birds.
【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】But of all the______ (challenge), making good friends might be the most important.
【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】
Researchers found that those with strong. close bonds with their friends at age fifteen were more
likely to be healthy and happy later. Importantly, ______ ( popular), defined as lots of people liking
you generally but not closely, wasn't found to have the same benefit as close friends.
【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】
With all the evidence he gathered, John Snow was able to announce with ______ (certain) that
polluted water carried the virus.
【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】
A video of Xiong Linghao, an 18-year-old blind girl playing Beethoven's Pathetique Sonata in an
international youth piano ______ (compete) in Shanghai, went popular online.
【河北省2021届高三模拟】
Jupiter is also a planet full of ______ (puzzle).
【河北省2021届高三模拟】
When the spacecraft finally retires, its Earth-bound pilots will send it on a path to dive to its
______ (dead) into the Jupiter's atmosphere.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】
Following his recent rise to fame, Rizea has been asked by many ______ (city), including the
capital of Romania to transform their old tree trunks into works of art.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】
In spite of his obvious talent, the Romanian ______ (art) recently got into art school in order to
fully master woodcarving.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】
The sky is dotted with kites of different ______ (design), such as dancing butterflies, bounding
dragons, and swimming fish.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】
The traditional Chinese kite expresses ______ (harmonious) between human and nature, a long –
held belief treasured by the Chinese people.【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】
After the party I was told by the fellow teacher that American women have a special saying about
______ (birth).
【福建省福州一中2021届高三调研】
A pedestrian lane runs more than 4,000 ______ (meter) through the tropical forest, ensuring close
contact with nature.
