文档内容
考点 09 定语从句（原卷
版）
【考点解读】
定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式
结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：
1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如: that, which和where, when的区分; that, which和
why的区分等。
2. 考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指物时,
whose＋名词＝名词＋ of which ＝ of which＋名词。如：
The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken is on the second
floor.
3. 考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从
句和it，what引导的主语从句的区分。
4. 考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：
I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.
5. 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系
代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：
The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.
6. 考查一些特殊的先行词。如: 当 situation, point, case, activity, scene 及 period, festival,
occasion 等出现时，要注意具体情况具体分析; 作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关系代
词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词where/when或“介词＋which”, 表示在某种特定的情形下。
7. 考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。
【高考预测】
定语从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如 which/
that/as/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高
考的中主要体现在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空等中，且完形填空80%每年会出一道题。
【重要考向】
一、关系代词引导的定语从句；
二、关系副词引导的定语从句；
三、“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句；
四、as引导的定语从句；
先行 从句成
关系词 例句 备注
词 分
Do you know the man who is talking with your
who 人 主语
mother?
Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working.
whom人 宾语
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whom,which
和 that 在从句
I like those books whose topics are about history.
中作宾语时,常
人 、
关 whose 物 定语 The boy whose father works abroad is my 可以省略,但介
deskmate. 词提前时后面
系
关系代词不能
代
that
人 、主 语 、 A plane is a machine that can fly. 省略,也不可以
物 宾语
词 She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. 用that
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
主 语 、
which物
宾语 The picture which was about the accident was
terrible.
人 、主 语 、 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. as作宾语一般
as
物 宾语 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 不省略
时 间 状 可用 on which
when 时间 I will never forget the day when we met there.
关 语 替换
系 地 点 状 可用 in which
where地点 This is the house where I was born.
副 语 替换
词 原 因 状I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my 可用 for which
why 原因
语 offer. 替换关系代词引导的定语从句
【典例】
【2022.1浙江卷语法填空】
Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta ,is one of a small
but growing minority of academics 56 are cutting back on their air travel because of
climate change.
【关系代词引导的定语从句提分秘籍】
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代词可作主语、
宾语、定语等。
1．who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、
宾语等。
I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English
speech contest last year.
我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。
2．whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用
“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。
①Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful?
你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
②This is the house whose window broke last night.＝This is the house, the window of which
broke last night.＝This is the house, of which the window broke last night.
这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。
3.which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
①There used to be much shade of an old tree in the middle of the yard, which gave us much
cool in summer.
过去，院子中央的一棵古树遮成的大片树荫使我们在夏季非常凉爽。
②We hope the measures to control house prices, which are taken by the government，will
succeed.我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。
4.指物时，关系代词 that 和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用
that，而不用which。
(1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代
词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。
I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
你给我的书我都已经读过了。
注意：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以。
There is something that/which keeps worrying me.
有一件事一直令我不安。
(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词the first，the second, ...，the last修饰时。
This is the best film (that)I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
(3)先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。
The only thing that matters is to find our way home.
唯一一件要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.
他们谈论起他们记得的学校里的人和事。
5．在以下情况中，只能用which，不能用that。
(1)在非限制性定语从句中，如从句中缺少主语或宾语指物，只能用which。
Our football team won the final, which made us excited.
我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。
(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用which。
The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
过去我居住的房子变成了鞋店。
关系副词引导的定语从句
【典例】【2020全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a
satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______it could send signals to the spacecraft and to
Earth.
【关系副词引导的定语从句提分秘籍】
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中 when,
where, why是常见的三个关系副词。
when＝表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)＋which。
where＝表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)＋which；
[来源:Z&xx&k.Com]
why＝表原因的介词(如for)＋which。
1．关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作
状语。
①Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
现代人更加关心他们居住的环境。
②The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.
我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中 when,
where, why是常见的三个关系副词。
when＝表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)＋which。
where＝表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)＋which；
why＝表原因的介词(如for)＋which。x^kw
2．way和time后接定语从句的情况。
(1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定
语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。如：
I don't like the way (that/in which) he looks at me.
我不喜欢他看我的方式。
(2)先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可
省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引
导定语从句。如：
①This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face.这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。
②There was a time when I hated going to school.
曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。
“介词＋ which/whom ” 引导的定语从句
【典例】
【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】
Long, long ago, the King of the Skies had a lovely daughter, to ______ he made many careful plans
for her future.
【“介词＋ which/whom ” 引导的定语从句提分秘籍】
掌握“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，要注意以下几点：
1关系代词的确定
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；
如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：
①This is the train on which I went to Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。
②This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.
这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。
2介词的位置
介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，但也可以放在原来的位置上。如：
①The house in which we live is very large.
＝The house (which/that) we live in is very large.
我们住的房子很大。
②This is the man from whom I learned the news.
＝This is the man (that/whom) I learned the news from.
就是这个男人，我从他那里得到的这个消息。
注意：如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。如：
My youngest brother， whom I have to look after， is demanding.我得照看我的小弟弟，真是让人费神。
3关系代词前介词的确定
(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。如：
The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.
我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州以此而闻名。(be famous for)
(2)根据先行词来确定。如：
I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。如：
Air, without which man can't live, is really important.
空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(live without)
4“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none/the largest＋of＋which/whom”等。如：
①Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.
问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。
②He has three sons, none of whom are doctors.
他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。
5 “复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，其从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔
开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。
6“介词＋which/whom＋不定式”结构
The poor man has no house in which to live.
＝The poor man has no house to live in.
＝The poor man has no house in which he can live.
那个穷人没房子住。as 引导的定语从句
考察较少，学生可以做扩展知识学习。
【典例】
Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of film ________ is bad for their
mental development.
【 a s 引导的定语从句提分秘籍】
1．as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由 the same,
as, such, so等修饰时，关系代词用as。
①They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.
他们只能读类似这样的一些简易英语改写的故事。(as作主语)
②These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)
③This is the same knife as I lost.
这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。
注意：such...as...与such...that...的区别
such...as...中的as引导的是定语从句，而such...that...中的that引导的是结果状语从句。
当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that
在从句中不作任何成分。
①This is such a difficult problem as all of us can't work out.
这是一个我们所有人都不能解决的难题。
从句中的work out缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词，用作work out的宾语。
②This is such a difficult problem that all of us can't work it out.
这个问题很难，我们中无人能解决它。
从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。
2．关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)位置不同
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引导的非限制
性定语从句只能位于主句之后。如：①As is often the case, little boys tend to be very active and out of control.
小男孩总是很活泼好动，很难控制，这是常见的情况。
②Einstein, as is well known, is a famous scientist.
众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。
③There was a bank around here as I remember.
我记得过去这儿附近有一家银行。
④He failed in the exam, which was unexpected.
他考试没及格，这是意料之外的。
(2)意义不同
as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：as anybody can see正如人人都能看
到的那样；as is well known＝as is known to all众所周知；as we had expected 正如我们所预
料的那样；as (it) often happens正如经常发生的那样；as is often the case正如经常发生的那
样；as has been said before如上所述；as is mentioned above正如上面提到的；as I remember
(it)正如我所记得的那样。which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那
件事。如：
①He opposed the idea, as could be expected.
不出所料，他反对这个意见。
②Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.
汤姆进步很大，这使他父母很高兴。
(3)用法不同
①当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which。如：
He came here very late, which was unexpected (not expected)．
他来得很晚，这是未预料到的。
②当as在句中作主语时，后常接动词的被动语态。如：be known, be said, be reported等
如果从句中动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。如：
She has been absent again, as is expected.
她又缺席了，正如预料的那样。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
类别 语法意义及特征 例句
限制性定语 对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意 The accident happened at the
从句 思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密 time when I left.切,写时不用逗号分开
对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是
非限制性定 十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开, His mother,whom he loved
语从句 相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词作 deeply,died ten years ago.
宾语时也不能省略
关系代词as和which的区别
1. 位置不同。
as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引导的定语从句不能位于句首。
As we all know, life is not a bed of roses.
Life is not a bed of roses, which we all know.
2. 意义不同。
as意为“正如，就像”，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义，主要起承
上启下的作用；which意为“这一点”，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说
明主句的状态或结果。
As often happened, they won the football game again.
It rained heavily, which prevented us from going out.
3. 当先行词被such, so, as等词修饰时，一般用as引导定语从句。
Such books as you want are sold out.
（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2 gives an indication of whether
someone is a healthy weight.
（2021.6新高考二卷）
I decided that if I learned of a company____39____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email
urging it to cut back.
（2020新课标Ⅲ卷高考真题）
In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】
Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___62___
she opened with her late husband Les.
【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】
They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these
animals.
【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than
___8___ they go.
【2019·北京卷·语法填空】
The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in
academic life.
【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere
five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes
(cause).
【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government _started_
(start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and
2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】
Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they
realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【2020全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike.
【2020新高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of
the British Museum ______opened in 1759.
【2019全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ______ she
opened with her late husband Les.
【2019全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
They were well trained by their masters______ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【2019浙江卷6月语法填空】
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______gives off light in the dark.
【2018全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ______ showed a mere
five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
【2018全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 – when the government started a
soil – testing program ______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers – and 2011,
fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【2018全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
I’m not sure ______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears
out of nowhere.
【2018浙江卷6月语法填空】
Many westerners ______ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they
realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【2017全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ______ is not good for the health.
【2017全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
But Sarah, ______ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as
well as beauty.
【2017浙江卷11月语法填空】
Like many things in life, it’s an ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there’s
enough room for improvement, _______means you’ll just keep getting better and better.
【2017浙江卷语法填空】
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and
was spread over the garden, ______ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted
(生长) through it.
（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）
Studies have shown that students____6____use handwriting to take notes in class remember
information better—improving their scores ___ by ____ as much as 15 percent.
（2022·云南·一模）
The China-Laos Railway, ___11___ connects Kunming in southwest China’s Yunnan Province
with the Laotian capital, Vientiane, __started__ (start) operation on Dec 3. 2021.
（2022·河南·模拟预测）
The 2014 Sochi Olympics used 80% artificial snow, ___44___ later rose to 90% at the 2018
Pyeongchang Winter Olympics.（2022·重庆·一模）
It supports trains ____60____ operate at a maximum speed of 200kph.
（2022·四川师范大学附属中学二模）
She was used to her previous work environment ___66___ the team leader and manager took
control and made decisions.
（2022·河南·许昌市普通教育教学研究室二模）
Bing Dwen Dwen wears a full-body “shell” made out of ice, ____66____ was inspired by
bingtanghulu— ____ a ___ traditional Beijing street snack, according to Cao Xue, the designer of
the mascot.
（2022·河北邯郸·一模）
Stacey Abrams, ___71___ served in the House of Representatives in Georgia from 2007 to 2017,
is a politician, lawyer and voting rights activist.
（2021•珠海市二模•语法填空•T1）
Sanxingdui (三星堆) is believed to have sat at the heart of the Shu state, ____1____ historians
know little about because of the lack of written records.
（2021•肇庆市三模•语法填空•T5）
Less snow cover in the mountains is important in the West and Alaska, ____5____ will greatly
reduce the chances of disasters caused by too much snow.
（2021•漳州一中新高考模拟•语法填空•T1）
Louis Cha (Chinese: Cha Leung Yung; 10 March 1924 - 30 October 2018), better known by his pen
name Jin Yong, was a Chinese wuxia novelist and essayist, ___1___ co-founded the Hong Kong
daily newspaper Ming Bao in 1959 and served as the first editor-in-chief.
（2021•玉林市一模•语法填空•T4）It reflects the culture ____4____ fooling and complaining is part of everyday life.
（2021•永春县第三次联考•语法填空•T4）
She discovered Artemisinin（青蒿素）, a drug ____4____ has significantly reduced the death
rates for patients suffering from malaria. “Artemisinin is a gift for the world people from the
traditional Chinese medicine.16
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
