考点21完形填空（全国卷专用）（解析版）_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2023年新高考资料_一轮复习_备战2023年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）_考点21完形填空（全国卷专用）

考点 21 完形填空（全国 卷专用）（解析版） 【命题解读】 分析近年的考点分布可以看出：语法填空考察选型词以实词为主，其中名词、动词是考 察重点，其次是形容词和副词，词组短语也是常考，A、B、C、D四个选项分布是均等的。巧取语篇层次题 语篇层次是最高的考点层次，也是学生拉分题，此类试题需要阅读全篇， 站在整个语篇 的角度才能选出正确的答案。 【技法1 利用首尾呼应关系解题】 [例] [2021·浙江卷节选] [2]I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day __42____. We had to 43.carry everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 44.long way but in 35 ℃ heat and with a heavy pack，my legs were on fire. …… [6]53.Needless to say, I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54.survived. I think I am much 55.stronger for having taken part in the project. 42．A.tour B．project C．campaign D．course 解题依据：完形填空文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段(或首句)和尾段(或 尾句)信息，考生可以更好地解答部分题目。 分析：本题可以利用首尾呼应解题。根据文章末尾的“the project”可知，本篇文章讲述地 是作者某次项目的经历，结合文末信息回到开头题目，可知作者被派去 Coronado National Forest是为了一个8天的“项目”。 技巧点拨：记叙类的完形填空文章往往通过讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾呼应的文章写法，通过文章结尾处升华主题。因此，考生应学会首尾兼顾， 结合文章开头、结尾信息解答题目。 【技法2 利用文章发展脉络解题】 [例] [2021·全国卷乙] [1]Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42.grades of gratitude (感谢). [2]My thoughts were soon __43__. We had a woman patient who was 44.recovering from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was 46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 47.requiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 48.slowly,__and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks. 43．A.brushed aside B．put to the test C．brought under discussion D．taken into account 解题依据：叙事型完形填空文章在行文结构上往往包括开端——故事发展——高潮—— 结局等不同情节，考生应梳理文章发展脉络，厘清行文结构。 分析：本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个想法：应有不同的词语表 达不同程度的感谢，根据下文，作者叙述了一个患者表达感谢的故事。据此推断，作者在首 段提出的想法很快经受了检验。be brushed aside“被漠视”；be put to the test“使受考验，使受 检验”；be taken into account“被考虑进去”。 技巧点拨： 解 遵循发展脉络，合理思考推理，及时调整思路 题 上下求索，捕捉关键信息 策 回头看——关注是否与前文呼应，不留遗憾 略 关键点——需随机应变，不要一意孤行，更不可胡思乱想规避 5 大易错点智取完形拉分题 高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道较难题目成为 考生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比 较隐蔽；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，考 生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易 错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。 【易错点1 因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选】 语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇， 这就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进 行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则—— 不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。 [例] [2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory. My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41.made little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its 42.stores throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for __43__ help during our spring break, for which I had no 44.plans beyond listening to my favorite records. 43．A.generous B．financial C．technical D．temporary 分析：本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题 目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据上文中的“for three whole days”和下文中的“during our spring break”可知，这里说的是春假期间，市中心的工厂需要临时找八个孩子来帮忙。generous“慷 慨的，大方的”；financial“财务的，金融的”；technical“技术的，专业的”；temporary“临 时的，暂时的”。 【易错点2 因不能正确区分形近(义近)词而错选】 完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让考生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。 [例] [2021·全国甲卷]“I have 55.matured and I admit responsibility for my 56.actions，” he said in the letter. “I come to you, 57 ,to apologize for the damage I had 58.indirectly caused and to ask you to 59.reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.” 57．A.hands in pockets B．nose in the air C．hat in hand D．feet on the ground 分析：四个备选项在形式上非常相似，基本都是名词＋介词＋名词的词组，部分考生很 容易因混淆而失分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据空后“... apologize for the damage”可推测作者的态度是谦卑的，所以选hat in hand 恭敬地(乞求或请求)。其他选项不符 合语境：hands in pockets双手插兜；nose in the air目中无人；feet on the ground脚踏实地。考 生如果完全掌握了这四个词组，很容易选出正确选项。 【易错点3 因词汇理解障碍而错选】 在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从 而造成考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。 [例] [2021·天津卷]“It's a really great 33.experience for kids，” said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. “Pruitt is certainly providing a 34.service,__but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the __35__ he can make on people.” 35．A.compromise B．impression C．impact D．progress 分析：本题考查语境推断。根据全文内容可知，此处表示 Pruitt的行为对人们产生的 “影响”。本题的选择难度在于A选项“compromise 妥协，和解”对于同学们而言是一个相 对陌生的词汇，一些考生可能因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。 【易错点4 因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选】 在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是 考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应 有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳 出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。 [例1] [2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Our __48__ in the factory were simple：Place cakes on a movingbelt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt. 48．A.joys B．ideas C．roles D．choices 分析：根据下文中的“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing(糖霜)ears...from the belt” 可知，这里介绍的是作者他们在工厂的具体工作或职责。role除了表示“角色”外，还可以 表示“职责，作用”。 [例2] [2018·浙江高考]One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was 47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副业).Since his regular job was 48.boring,__I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline full-time. He said without the job, he would __49__ have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.college. He said that if he 51.quit the job, he would lose his 52.drive to work and succeed. 49．A.luckily B．hardly C．hopefully D．simply 分析：根据句意可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“确实， 简直”。此处simply这个词属于熟词生义，我们比较熟悉它的义项是“简单地，简朴地”。 由此可知正确选项。 【易错点5 因惯性思维而错选】 在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生产 生一些思维定式，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力 的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况： (1)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响 有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，只记忆中文意思，而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用 法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用“succeed to do sth.”来表达。 (2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响 例如：学习了wait for这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介 词时就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。 [例] [2021·天津卷]For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was __19__ his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 20.lack of bikes was COVID-19 related ， and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed21.transportation to get to work? 19．A.ride B．lock C．repair D．replace 分析：考查语境推断。Pruitt作为热衷骑自行车的人，自行车被偷，他首先要做的应该是 换一辆自行车，“replace”符合语境。但考生受思维定式影响，可能看到后文的“bike”就下意 识地以为选择ride a bike这个固定搭配，从而误选A项。 【真题 1】【2022年全国甲卷】 You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs. For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with ___42___. When I first dated Steve, I ___43___ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was ___44___ that he was an animal lover, I ___45___ that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack ___46___, the cat. The next week we ___47___ our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our ___48___, Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so ___49___? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. ______50______, I began to fall for him. We ______51______ to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her ______52______. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly ______53______ climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve ______54______ his house. All worked ______55______. The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, ______56______ Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team ______57______ for Tilly. We made good housemates. A year later, much to my ______58______, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I ______59______ him to. That’s only for giving ______60______ to the dogs that brought us together.41. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership 42. A. reservations B. expectations C. confidence D. prejudice 43. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned 44. A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled 45. A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted 46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly 47. A. tied B. walked C. bathed D. fed 48. A. breath B. balance C. attention D. imagination 49. A. calm B. sure C. soon D. real 50. A. By the way B. In that case C. By all means D. In that moment 51. A. continued B. decided C. intended D. pretended 52. A. eye B. tail C. ear D. leg 53. A. secretly B. constantly C. eventually D. unwillingly 54. A. left B. sold C. suggested D. searched 55. A. late B. hard C. fine D. free 56. A. emptied B. respected C. occupied D. discovered 57. A. looking B. caring C. waiting D. calling 58. A. delight B. credit C. interest D. disadvantage 59. A. beg B. trust C. need D. aid 60. A. toys B. awards C. food D. water 【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. D 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. C 56. B 57. B 58. A 59. C 60. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者认为你可以从一个男人对待他的狗的方式来了 解他很多，作者多年和两只爱犬生活在一起，去年开始和拥有猫狗的史蒂夫约会，但有所保 留，因为一次遛狗时史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者渐渐对史蒂夫产生好感，在之后的接 触中，史蒂夫和作者一起照顾作者的爱犬，一年后史蒂夫向作者求婚。【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership会员；C. companionship陪伴；D. leadership领导。由上文的“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. (多年来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在 一起)”可知，作者多年和狗狗生活在一起，可得出狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选 C项。 【42题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我开始约会，但有所保留。A. reservations保留；B. expectations期望；C. confidence信心；D. prejudice偏见。由下文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗)”和“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，作者是在第二周和史蒂夫一起遛狗时，因为史蒂 夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者才对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出刚开始约会时，因为不熟悉史蒂 夫的品行，作者还是有所保留的。故选A项。 【43题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和 一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧；B. doubted怀疑；C. hoped希望；D. learned得知。由上 文的“When I first dated Steve (当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时)”和常识可知，第一次约会会得 知对方相关情况，作者从而得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。故选D项。 【44题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多 的 了，我 狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. unsatisfied不满意的；B. amused愉快的；C. terrified害怕 的；D. thrilled非常开心的。由下文的“he was an animal lover (他是一个动物爱好者)”可知， 得知史蒂夫是一个动物爱好者，多年和两只爱犬生活在一起的作者应该是感到愉快高兴。故 选D项。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了， 我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. predicted预测；B. worried担心；C. regretted后悔；D. insisted 坚持。由下文的“three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 6 the cat (三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫)”可知，作者认为三条狗可能太多了，且自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫，针对这种情况，作者是担忧的。故选B项。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了， 我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. Flora弗洛拉；B. Chance机会；C. Molly莫莉；D. Tilly蒂莉。 选项指的是文中动物名词。由上文的“he had a dog, Molly, and a car, Flora (他有一条名叫 Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”可知，此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫 Flora。故选A项。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二周，我们一起遛狗。A. tied系；B. walked牵着（动物）走； C. bathed沐浴；D. fed喂养。由本处的“ 7 our dogs together (一起……我们的狗)”以及下 文“When we paused”可知，作者和史蒂夫在一起遛狗。故选B项。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们停下来休息时，史蒂夫单膝跪下。A. breath呼吸；B. balance平衡；C. attention注意力；D. imagination想象。由上文的“It was a hot day. When we paused (那是一个炎热的日子。当我们停下)”可知，那天很热，遛狗的二人停下来休息一下， catch one’s breath (休息一下、歇一口气)。 故选A项。 【49题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也喜欢他，但这么快？A. calm冷静的；B. sure确定的；C. soon很快的；D real真正的。由上文的“The next week (第二周)”和“Was he proposing (求 婚)? (他在求婚吗)”可知，二人才认识两周，作者以为史蒂夫要向自己求婚，认为进展太快 了。故选C项。 【50题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我开始爱上他。A. By the way顺便说一句；B. In that case那样的话；C. By all means务必；D. In that moment那一刻。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的 狗)”和下文的“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝 的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感。故选D项。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们继续约会，虽然我们都没有提到未来。A. continued继续；B. decided决定；C. intended打算；D. pretended假装。由上文的“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知，作者对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出二人会继续约会。故选A项。 【52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：11月下旬，Tilly的腿做了一次手术。A. eye眼睛；B. tail尾巴； C. ear耳朵；D. leg腿。由下文的“I worried that Tilly 13 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound (我担心Tilly爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开)”可知，作者担心爬楼会影响Tilly的伤口， 可得出Tilly的腿做了手术。故选D项。 【53题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一天带狗出去四次，我担心Tilly不断地爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂 开。A. secretly秘密地；B. constantly不断地；C. eventually最终；D. unwillingly不情愿地。 由上文的“I took the dogs out four times a day (我一天带狗出去四次)”可知，作者一天带狗出 去四次，可得出狗狗（包括Tilly）要不断地爬楼梯。故选B项。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后史蒂夫离开了他的房子。A. left离开；B. sold卖；C. suggested建议，推荐；D. searched搜寻。由下文的“We made good housemates. (我们是很好 的室友)”可知，二人成为室友。可以推断出来，因为害怕作者的狗爬楼梯不方便，所以建议 作者搬过去一起住。故选C项。 【55题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都很好。A. late晚的；B. hard困难的；C. fine好的；D. free自由的。由下文的“The three dogs formed a pack (这三条狗组成了一个团队)”和“Steve and I formed a good team (史蒂夫和我组成了一个好团队)”“We made good housemates. (我们 是很好的室友)”可知，狗狗相处友好，作者和史蒂夫相处也友好，可得出一切都好。故选C 项。 【56题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂 夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. emptied清空；B. respected尊重；C. occupied占据； D. discovered发现。由上文的“my dogs might attack 6 , the cat (我的狗可能会攻击猫)” 和“The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching (这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下)” 可知，起初作者担心自己的狗会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora，但作者的狗和史蒂夫的狗相处友好， 可得出在训练下，狗不会去攻击猫，结合动物的领地意识可知，此处指狗尊重猫的空间。故 选B项。【57题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂 夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. looking看；B. caring照顾；C. waiting等待；D. calling打电话。由上文的“Tilly had an operation (Tilly做了一次手术)”可知，作者的狗Tilly 做过手术，史蒂夫和作者一起居住后，和作者一起照顾术后康复的Tilly。故选B项。 【58题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是，这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子 向我求婚。A. delight高兴；B. credit信用；C. interest兴趣；D. disadvantage缺点。由下文的 “this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me (这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒 子向我求婚)”可知，史蒂夫向作者求婚，作者应该是感到高兴。故选A项。 【59题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有跪下，我也不需要他跪下。A. beg乞求；B. trust信任；C. need需要；D. aid帮助。由上文的“He did not kneel (跪) down (他没有跪下)”和常识可知， 一般求婚是要下跪的，但史蒂夫没有下跪，作者对此并不在意，因为作者不需要他下跪。故 选C项。 【60题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是给爱犬喝水的举动把我们带到一起。A. toys玩具；B. awards 奖励；C. food食物；D. water水。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 10 , I began to fall for him. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗。 我开始爱上他)”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防， 对史蒂夫产生好感，所以是“给爱犬喝水”的举动让二人走到了一起。故选D项。 【真题 2】【2022年全国乙卷】 Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about ___41___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___42___ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___43___. For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___44___ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___45___ research results in child developmental psychology ___46___ that idea.We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___47___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___48___. We then asked the child if she could ___49___ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ____50____ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: ____51____ children said that they couldn’t ____52____ to her. A number of ____53____ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects ____54____ the questions and knew ____55____ what was asked of them. Their ____56____ to the questions reflected their true ____57____ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply ____58____ mutual (相 互的) recognition and regard. Our ____59____ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ____60____ when others use it. 41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing 42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick 43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced 44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted 45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired 46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested 47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor 48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears 49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool 50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident 51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once 52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave 53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions 54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored 55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly 56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity 57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up 59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings 60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective 【答案】41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. D 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不 是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。 【41题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一 件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指 导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿 童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。 【42题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明 的；B. bad不擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示 “不擅长某事”。故选B项。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed 无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据 上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿 童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。 【44题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自 我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可 知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。 【45题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点 相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下文“research results in child developmental psychology _6_ that idea.”以及 “Our 1 9 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。 故选C项。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相 矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下 文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”可知，研究结果与 之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C项。 【47题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳 朵。A. parent父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实 验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。 【48题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳 朵。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知， 实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故 选D项。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见； B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可 知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说 他们不能和她说话。A. event大事；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。根据下 文“children said that they couldn’t _12_ to her.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表 示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B项。 【51题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说 他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。根据语境，此 处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B项。 【52题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说 他们不能和她说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A项。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions 命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示 上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C项。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知 道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“the questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知，儿童理 解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。 【55题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知 道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确 切地。根据下文“what was asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D项。 【56题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看 到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故 选A项。 【57题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看 到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。 根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。 【58题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有 关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。 【59题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这 并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论； D. findings调查发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我 中心主义的结果。故选D项。 【60题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。 A. tentative实验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效 的。根据上文“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互 承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。 【真题 3】【2022年1月浙江卷】 When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year, she started having problems with her 36 , notably dryness and discomfort. "I was simply 37 a terrible experience," Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my 38 was affected." Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39 problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in 40 . "Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41 ," she said. "But more and more are suffering and lives are being 42 ." Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 43 at Tel Aviv University in Israel .The research team 44 Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done 45 work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope ,Ms.Burdeyney began raising 46 for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. 47 she has raised $110,000 with another $40,000 48 ."I'm trying to get more and more people to 49 that there are solutions(解决办法)," said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after 50 . "I say there is no old 51 , there's only neglect(忽视). Don't stand 52 , do something about it." Ms. Burdeyney 53 that she was hoping to do more for the research project. "I just want to bring54 into people's eyes and this is just the 55 ."There is still a long way to go.” 36.A. throat B.skin C.lungs D.eyes 37.A.getting over B.going through C.holding on D.passing down 38.A.story B.treatment C.life D.relationship 39.A.similar B.various C.personal D.special 40.A.turn B.peace C.vain D.silence 41.A.unbearable B.abnormal C.insignificant D.disturbing 42.A.compromised B.forgotten C.substituted D.separated 43.A.course B.program C.paper D.conference 44.A.informed B.doubted C.included D.dismissed 45.A.part-time B.controversial c.voluntary D.ground-breaking 46.A.money B.standards C.awareness D.questions 47.A.As ever B.So far C.In return D.Once again 48.A.wasted B.donated C.expected D.earned 49.A.imagine B.confirm C.remember D.understand 50.A.retirement B.childbirth C.graduation D.marriage 51.A.time B.rule C.age D.tale 52.A.straight B.still C.firm D.alone 53.A.commented B.learned C.reminded D.added 54.A.light B.joy C.color D.beauty 55.A.future B.beginning C.truth D.meaning 36-40:DBCAD 41-45CABCD 46-50ABCDA 51-55CBDAB 解析：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位患有眼疾的老太太在得知自己的朋友也饱受眼疾困扰 后，为眼科研究项目募集资金，希望能够给眼疾病人带来光明的故事。 详解：36．D 根据下文 Ms．Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 可知， Burdeyney 女 士患的是眼部（eyes）疾病。 37．B 根据上文 Burdeyney 女士患了眼疾，主要症状为眼部干涩不适可知，她在经历（going through）一种糟糕的体验。 38．C 患眼疾之后，Burdeyney 女士感到十分无助且缺乏安全感，这是由于眼疾影响了她的 生活（life）质量。 39．A 根据下文...discovered that they were largely suffering... more and more are suffering and lives are being...可知，Burdeyney 女士应该是和一 些患有相似（similar）疾病的朋友们交谈。 40．D 根据下文的 Nobody chooses to talk about it 可知，大部分眼疾患者都保持沉默 （silence）。 41．C 根据上句和所在句的句意可知，患者们默默地忍受病痛，不去谈论自己的眼疾，以及 后句But...推知，眼疾在人们看来是微不足道的（insignificant）疾病，其余选项均不符合句意。 42．A But引出语意的转折，点明了患者们的生活现状，即越来越多的人遭受眼疾困扰，生活 受到影响，深陷无奈（compromised）。 43．B 根据最后一段中的 the research project可知，这是一个眼科研究项目(program)。 44．C 由下文内容可知，加拿大医生 Allan Slomovic是这一研究团队的一员，即这一团队包 括（included）这名医生。 45．D 根据下文的 using stem cells 和 Seeing a ray of hope 可知，AllanSlomovic 医生利用干 细胞在眼保健方面做出了开创性的（ground-breaking）工作，这让Burdeyney 女士看到一线 希望。 46．A 根据下文的 she has raised ＄110,000 with another ＄40,000...可知，Burdeyney 女士为 这一研究项目募集资金（money）。 47．B 根据空白处后的she has raised ＄110,000可知，此处是说到目前为止（So far），她已 经募集了11万美元。 48．C Burdeyney 女士已经募集了11万美元，预计（expected）还能再募集4万美元。 49．D Burdeyney 女士努力让越来越多的人认识到（understand）有办法解决眼疾困扰。 50．A 文章第一段提到 Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year， 由此可知 Burdeyney 女士已经退休（retirement）。 51．C Burdeyney 女士认为不存在老年（age）的问题，只有对眼疾的忽视。 52．B 根据空白处后的 do something about it 可知，要做点什么，不要站着不动。stand still 意为“站着不动；止步不前”，符合语境。53．D 空白处后提到Burdeyney 女士希望自己能够为这个研究项目做出更多的贡献，这是在 她说完上一段话语后表达自己的愿望，故added符合语境。 54．A 根据空白处后的 into people＇s eyes可知，Burdeyney 女士想给人们的眼睛带来光明 （light）。 55．B 根据空白处后的 There is still a long way to go．可知，这仅仅是开始(beginning)。 【真题 4】【2021年6月全国乙卷】 Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 1 just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 2 of gratitude（感 谢）. My thoughts were soon 3 . We had a woman patient who was 4 from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 5 to get into bed she collapsed （倒下） from what was 6 discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 7 the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 8 , and was ready for discharge （出院） after four weeks. She was 9 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her 10 at her recovery. As she was 11 she was eager to say 12 to each of us in the nursing team. When she 13 one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague 14 to accept it, saying that we were all just 15 our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then 16 : "Oh this isn't for the 17 I had. I take that as a 18 . No, this is for setting my hair yesterday." And there you have it. To many people, 19 lives is part of the job but styling hair is an 20 and should be rewarded. 1. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor 2. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations 3. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D. taken intoaccount 4. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering 5. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising 6. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly 7. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving 8. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily 9. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful 10. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment 11. A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving 12. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes 13. A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded 14. A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused 15. A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting 16. A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported 17. A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care 18. A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting 19. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building 20. A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra 【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议的文章，文章讲述了作者是一名刚工作的护士，开始以为表达 感谢很简单，但一位病人病愈后的举动却让作者对表达感谢又有了更深一层的理解。 【解析】 1 ：C 考查名词辨析。句意：就在几周前当护士的时候，我在考虑这个问题。根据后文to each of us in the nursing team可知，作者是一名护士。A. cleaner清洁工；B. chemist化学家；C. nurse护 士；D. doctor医生。故选C。 2 ：A 考查名词辨析。句意：然后我突然想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激的词语，那该 有多好。分析题目可知，作者是要表达感激的不同程度。A. grades等级，制度；B. meanings 意思；C. needs需要；D. expectations预期，期待。故选A。 3 ：B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的想法很快就得到了验证。分析题目可知，下文是作者的理论得到验证的过程。故选B。 4 ：D 考查动词辨析。句意：我们有一个女病人正从膝关节置换手术中恢复。根据下文 But she recovered可知，病人正在恢复。A. depart出发；B. escape逃脱；C. retire退休；D. recover恢 复。故选D。 5 ：A 考查动词辨析。句意：一天下午，她试图上床睡觉时倒下了，最后被证实是心脏病发作。分 析题目可知，病人当时正试图上床睡觉。A. attempt尝试；B. choose选择；C. pause停顿；D. promise许诺。故选A。 6 ：A 考查副词辨析。句意：一天下午，她试图上床睡觉时倒下了，最后被证实是心脏病发作。分 析题目可知，心脏病发作是后来确诊的。A. eventually最终地；B. fortunately幸运地；C. casually随意地；D. secretly秘密地。故选A。 7 ：B 考查动词辨析。句意：这次倒下是灾难性的，需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。分析题目 可知，病人当时需要医疗护理。A. assess评估，评定；B. require需要；C. form形成；D. prove证实。故选B。 8 ：C 考查副词辨析。句意：虽然恢复缓慢，但四周后她就可以出院了。分析题目可知，病人恢复 比较慢。A. slightly稍微；B. accidentally意外地；C. slowly慢地；D. happily高兴地。故选C。 9 ：A 考查形容词辨析。句意：她很感激医疗和护理团队为她所做的一切。分析题目可知，病人当 时应该是一种感恩的心情。A. grateful感激的；B. thoughtful深思的；C. sorrowful悲伤的；D. fearful害怕的。故选A。 10 ：B 考查名词辨析。句意：在她出院的那天，我们分享了她康复的喜悦。分析题目可知，病人康 复出院是一件喜悦的事情。A. surprise 惊讶；B. delight 高兴；C. curiosity 好奇；D. disappointment失望。故选B。 11 ：D 考查动词辨析。句意：当她要离开的时候，她急切地想和我们护理小组的每个人说再见。分 析题目可知，病人要出院离开了。A. operate运转，操作；B. think思考；C. hesitate犹豫；D.leave离开。故选D。 12 ：C 考查名词辨析。句意：当她要离开的时候，她急切地想和我们护理小组的每个人说再见。分 析题目可知，病人要跟护理小组告别。A. sorry对不起；B. hello你好；C. goodbye再见；D. yes是的。故选C。 13 ：A 考查动词辨析。句意：当她走到一个护士跟前时，她试图把一张五英镑的钞票塞到她手里。 分析题目可知，病人是走到护士跟前。A. reach到达；B. consult咨询；C. introduc介绍；D. persuade说服，劝说。故选A。 14 ：D 考查动词辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是在做自己的工作。分析题目可知，我 的同事应该是拒绝接受病人的钱。A. wish祝愿；B. pretend假装；C. fail失败；D. refuse拒绝。 故选D。 15 ：B 考查动词辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是在做自己的工作。分析题目可知，此 处是指护士们只是做了自己的本职工作。A. enjoy喜爱；B. do做；C. secure获得；D. start开 始。故选B。 16 ：C 考查动词辨析。句意：病人看起来很困惑，然后回答说。分析题目可知，病人是在回应护士 的拒绝。A. repeat重复；B. recite背诵；C. reply回答；D. report报道。故选C。 17 ：D 考查名词辨析。句意：这不是为了我受到的照顾。分析题目可知，护士们之前应该是照顾该 病人。A. courage信心；B. patience耐心；C. duty责任心；D. care关心。故选D。 18 ：B 考查名词辨析。句意：我认为这是理所当然的。分析题目可知，病人认为护士们照顾她是理 所当然的。A. goal目标；B. give给予；C. push推；D. greet问候。故选B。 19 ：C 考查动词辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但做发型是一项额外的工 作，应该得到奖励。分析题目可知，这里是指拯救病人的生命。A. risk冒……的风险；B. change改变；C. save拯救；D. build建设。故选C。 20 ：D考查名词辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但做发型是一项额外的工 作，应该得到奖励。分析题目可知，这里是指做发型不属于护士的本职工作，是额外的。A. honour荣誉；B. ability能力；C. opening开始，开端；D. extra额外的。故选D。 【真题 5】【2021年1月浙江卷】 Last year I decided to do some volunteer work, I began to 1 on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I 2 myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona, I was 3 at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of 4 my worries had gone. Everyone was so 5 and like-minded that it was very 6 to feel at home. I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 7 . We had to 8 everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 9 way but in 35℃ hear and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire. My job was to 10 a stairway out of rock. This 11 climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited（栖息）by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never 12 . Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The 13 of knowing that my 14 will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive. But on the last night we were 15 in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to 16 . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only 17 part of my tent. 18 , I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 19 . I think I am much 20 for having taken part in the project. 1.A.calculate B.negotiate C.advertise D.researeh 2.A.imagined B.introduced C.enjoyed D.found 3.A.annoyed B.surprised C.scared D.excited 4.A.arriving B.sleeping C.thinking D.walking 5.A.confident B.friendly C.energetic D.curious 6.A.funny B.good C.lucky D.easy 7.A.tour B.project C.campaign D.course 8.A.drop B.make C.carry D.buy9.A.nice B.safe C.long D.quick 10.A.build B.test C.clean D.guard 11.A.Helped B.ended C.allowed D.meant 12.A.hunted B.trained C.seen D.fed 13.A.satisfaction B.ambition C.expectation D.intention 14.A.work B.memory C.record D.story 15.A.left B.caught C.attacked D.separated 16.A.boiling B.average C.normal D.freezing 17.A.tidy B.dry C.new D.soft 18.A.By the way B.Regardless of that C.Needless to say D.In either case 19.A.survived B.resisted C.Escaped D.recovered 20.A.smarter B.stronger C.happier D.busier 【文章大意】本文是一篇本文是夹叙夹议的文章，。文章主要讲解了作者经历了一次志愿活 动，但是这次活动并不是一帆风顺，作者最终克服困难，对自己的经历报以感慨。 【解析】1 ：D 考查动词辨析。句意：我开始在网上搜索信息，发现了Volunteer USA。A. calculate计算； B. negotiate协商；C. advertise打广告；D. research 搜索。根据上文提到作者想做一些志愿活动， 下文应当去主动查找相关信息。故选D。 2 ：D 考查动词辨析。句意：三个月后，我正身处于去凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagine 想象；B. introduce介绍；C. enjoy享受；D. find发现。此处运用了find oneself+介词短语表示某人所处 的状态，来表示作者在去往凤凰城的路上。故选D。 3 ：C 考查形容词辨析。句意：我想到要在有大量陌生人所在的地方待三个月是有些害怕的。A. annoyed生气的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. excited兴奋的。此处作者因为去 到一个陌生的地方，要见到很多的陌生人，所以会感到害怕。故选C。 4 ：A 考查动词辨析。句意：到达后不到15分钟，我的忧虑就烟消云散了。A. arrive到达；B. sleep 睡觉；C. think思考；D. walk走路。根据上文可知作者还在路上，此处表示作者以及到达了凤凰城，在与人接触后有了改观。故选A。 5 ：B 考查形容词辨析。句意：每个人都很友好，志同道合，很容易让人有宾至如归的感觉。A. confident自信的；B. friendly友好的；C. energetic充满活力的；D. curious好奇的。空后like- minded可知此处为正向词汇，根据作者的感受和上文 "害怕" 形成对比，说明大家都很友好。 故选B。 6 ： D 考查形容词辨析。句意：每个人都很友好，志同道合，很容易让人有宾至如归的感觉。A. funny滑稽的；B. good好的；C. lucky幸运的；D. easy容易的。此处因为作者说大家十分友好 志趣相投，所以很容易就会给人宾至如归的感觉。故选D。 7 ：B 考查名词辨析。句意：我被派往Coronado National Forest去完成第一次八天的项目。A. tour观 光；B. project项目；C. campaign战役；D. course课程。此处根据作者对下文描述，可知要去 完成一个搭建阶梯的项目。并且根据文章最后一段最后一句，可见 "project" 同词复现。故 选B。 8 ：C 考查动词辨析。句意：我们必须带着我们需要的一切，步行三英里到我们工作的地方。A. drop掉下；B. make制作；C. carry携带；D. buy购买。此处作者因为要徒步进入到工作地点， 所以要带好所需的必需品。故选C。 9 ：C 考查形容词辨析。句意：这条路看起来似乎并不长，但顶着35度的高温，背着厚厚的装备， 我的双腿好像着火一样。A. nice好的；B. safe安全的；C. long长的；D. quick快的。此处作 者说道此条路并不长，但是由于温度很高，进而形成对比，表示还是比较艰苦。故选C。 10 ：A 考查动词辨析。句意：我的工作是在岩石上建造楼梯。A. build建造；B. test测试；C. clean打 扫；D. guard守卫。根据第四段首句a beautiful stairway came into being可知之前是没有阶梯的 故作者的任务就是搭建阶梯。故选A。 11 ：D 考查动词辨析。句意：这意味着要在山上美洲狮的栖息地旁爬上爬下，尽管我应该说它们只 是能听见，而不是看见。A. help帮助；B. end 结束；C. allow 允许；D. mean 意味着。根据上文作者的工作是在岩石上建造楼梯，所以下文应对该项工作进行解释。故选D。 12 ：C 考查动词辨析。句意：这意味着要在山上美洲狮的栖息地旁爬上爬下，尽管我应该说它们只 是能听见，而不是看见。A. hunt 打猎；B. train 训练；C. see 看见；D. fed 喂养。although表示 转折，应选择与hear意义对应的选项。故选C。 13 ：A 考查名词辨析。句意：这种知晓我的工作会留在山腰上数年的满足感是巨大的。 A. satisfaction 满足感；B. ambition 野心；C. expectation 期望；D. intention 意图。根据上文一个 美丽的楼梯诞生了，所以作者会感觉到有一种成就感油然而生。故选A。 14 ：A 考查名词辨析。句意：这种知晓我的工作会留在山腰上数年的满足感是巨大的。A. work 工作 B. memory 记忆；C. record 记录；D. story 故事。根据上文可以得知，作者一直在做着建造 楼梯的志愿工作。故选A。 15 ：B 考查动词辨析。句意：但是在昨晚我们赶上了雷暴。A. leave 离开；B. catch 赶上；C. attack 攻击；D. separate 分开。根据句意可以判断作者遭遇了雷暴。故选B。 16 ：D 考查形容词辨析。句意：温度已经接近冰点。A. boiling 沸腾的；B. average 平均的；C. normal正常的；D. freezing冰点的。根据上文得知作者遭遇了雷暴，且下文提到作者在发抖中 度过剩余的夜晚。故选D。 17 ：B 考查形容词辨析。句意：我不得不在帐篷里唯一干的地方度过剩余的夜晚。A. tidy 整齐的； B. dry 干的；C. new 新的；D. soft 舒适的。根据上文可知作者在午夜醒来时发现自己的帐篷 变成了游泳池，所以他只能在干的地方过夜。故选B。 18 ：C 考查固定短语辨析。句意：不必说，我受了很多苦。A. by the way顺道提一下；B. regardless of that不管怎么样；C. needless to say；D. 无论哪种情况。上文提到作者克服困难，最终建成 了阶梯。可知作者是吃了不少苦的，needless to say进一步加深语境。故选C。 19 ：A 考查动词辨析。句意：我知道无论在生活中面对什么，我都会在那里，并且幸存下来。 A. survive幸存；B. resist抵制；C. escape逃离；D. recover痊愈。作者上文I suffered a lot提到受了很多苦，此处but转折表示作者克服了困难，并且作者感悟到无论遇到什么困难，都会勇 敢面对。故选A。 20 ：B 考查形容词辨析。句意：我相信我也因为这个项目变得更加坚强了。A. smart聪明的；B. strong坚强的；C. happy快乐的；D. busy忙碌的。根据前文I suffered a lot可知作者受了很多 苦，但也正是这次经历使得作者成长，变得更加坚强。故选B。 【真题 6】【2021年6月浙江卷】 My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her 1 and visit the doctor, providing 2 and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to 3 some small things she needs. Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was 4 about three dollars. The only 5 to pay for the groceries was to take off the 6 she could do without: a bottle of nubbing alcohol（医用酒精）and a bar of soap. By taking off these, she was able to 7 the new total to the amount of cash she had with her. At this store, people 8 and then go off to the side to 9 their own groceries. My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a 10 came up her and said. "Here are the things that you 11 , " handing her the rubbing alcohol and the 12 . My mother, who is never speechless, was speechless. She 13 for the woman's name and address so that she could 14 her. The woman told her it was her 15 . My mothet was so 16 by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier（收银员）a five-dollar bill to keep on hand 17 the same happened to someone else if they didn't have enough 18 for all of their groceries. So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of 19 that not only helped my mother out, but 20 too. 1.A.exercise B.housework C.cooking D.shopping2.A.reward B.medicine C.company D.shelter 3.A.return B.collect C.order D.buy 4.A.short B.cautious C.wrong D.concerned 5.A.aim B.way C.advice D.reason 6.A.weight B.things C.mask D.glasses 7.A.raise B.add C.bring D.switch 8.A.show up B.call in C.check out D.sit down 9.A.store B.select C.deliver D.bag 10.A.stranger B.cashier C.friend D.doctor 11.A.looked for B.talked about C.threw away D.put back 12.A.receipt B.soap C.cash D.bottle 13.A.asked B.waited C.cared D.searched 14.A.repay B.trust C.recognize D.help 15.A.luck B.chance C.gift D.turn 16.A.surprised B.amused C.touched D.convinced 17.A.in case B.even if C.as though D.so that 18.A.energy B.money C.space D.time 19.A.faith B.courage C.kindness D.honor 20.A.made her day B.changed her mind C.caught her eye D.met her demand 【文章大意】本文是一篇温情小故事：“我”的母亲在商店买东西结账时，随身带的钱不够， 一位陌生女士善意帮忙，母亲决心把这份爱心传递了下去。 【解析】 1：D 考查名词辨析。A. exercise 运动； B. housework 家务； C. cooking烹饪； D. shopping 购物。根据下一句 "但是在周中，她喜欢去附近的商店买一些她需要的小东西" 可知，我带 母亲去购物（规律性的较大型采买）和看医生，故选D。 2：C 考查名词辨析。A. reward报酬； B. medicine药品； C. company陪伴； D. shelter庇护，避难 所。根据句意可知我带母亲是去购物和看医生，因此我提供的只能是陪伴和交通。易错项：注意providing作为伴随状语，其主语为句子主语I，而非doctor。故选C。 3：D 考查动词辨析。A. return返回； B. collect收集； C. order命令，下单； D. buy购买。 根据句意 "但是在周中，她喜欢去附近的商店买一些她需要的小东西" 可知是 "购买"，故选 D。 4：A 考查形容词辨析。A. short短的，不足的，缺乏的； B. cautious谨慎小心的； C. wrong错的； D. concerned担心的，关心的。根据句意和下文可知母亲在购物结账时（when she went to pay…），发现差三元钱，short表示 "不足，缺少的"，故选A。 5：B 考查名词辨析。A. aim目标； B. way方式； C. advice建议； D. reason理由。根据句意 "支 付这些货品唯一的方式是拿掉一些可以不买的东西" 可知是pay的方式，故选B。 6：B 考查名词辨析。A. weight重量；B. things东西；C. mask面具，口罩；D. glasses眼镜，玻璃杯 根据句意 "支付这些货品唯一的方式是拿掉一些可以不买的东西" 可知此处是去掉一些 "东 西"，故选B。 7：C 考查动词辨析。A. raise提高，筹集；养育；B. add添加；C. bring带来；使处于某种情况； 把……移到；D. switch改变；转换。根据句意 "…她能让新的总额到达她随身携带的现金额" 可知是 "使total到达一个值"，故选C。 8：C 考查动词词组辨析。A. show up出现，露面；B. call in召来，拜访；C. check out结账离开；D. sit down坐下。根据句意 "人们结账后然后离开到一边去装包自己的物品" 可知是 "结账"，故 选C。 9：D 考查动词辨析。A. store储存；B. select选择；C. deliver递送；D. bag把……装入袋中。根据 句意 "人们结账后然后离开到一边去装包自己的物品" 可知是把买来的东西装袋，故选D。 10：A 考查名词辨析。A. stranger陌生人；B. cashier收银员；C. friend朋友；D. doctor医生。根据下 文（13空所在的句子）可知母亲问这位女士的姓名和地址，好去还钱；证明母亲不认识这位 女士，因此选择陌生人，故选A。11： D 考查动词词组辨析。A. looked for寻找；B. talked about谈论；C. threw away扔掉；D. put back 放回。根据句意 "这是你……的东西"，递给母亲的正是她刚刚去掉（即放回商店）的医用酒 精和肥皂，可知是填 "放回去" ，故选D。 12：B 考查名词辨析。A. receipt收据；B. soap肥皂；C. cash现金；D. bottle瓶子。根据句意 "递给 母亲的正是医用酒精和……" 并结合上文可知，正是6空所在句子中提到的酒精和肥皂，故 选B。 13：A 考查动词辨析。A. asked问；B. waited等待；C. cared关心，在意；D. searched寻找。根据句 意 "她问这位女士的姓名和地址，好来还钱" 可知是询问，故选A。 14：A 考查动词辨析。A. repay 归还，偿还；B. trust 信任；C. recognize 认出；D. help 帮助。根据 句意可知母亲询问女士的姓名地址以便把钱归还给她。故选A。 15：C 考查名词辨析。A. luck 运气；B. chance 机会，可能性；C. gift 礼物；D. turn （轮流的）机 会。根据上下文可知，母亲想要把钱会给她，但是她拒绝了，因此此处意为：这是送你的 （礼物）。故选C。 16： C 考查形容词辨析。A. surprised 惊讶的；B. amused 逗乐的；C. touched 感动的；D. convinced 坚信的。空格后的her gesture指的是上文陌生人的好心帮助，由此可知母亲的情感为 "感动 的"。故选C。 17：A 考查连词辨析。A. in case 万一；B. even if 即使；C. as though 好像；D. so that 以至于。根 据句意：母亲决定给收银员5美元，万一别人也遇到同样的事情，也就是上文母亲遇到的买 东西时钱不够的情况。故选A。 18：B 考查名词辨析。A. energy 能量；B. money 金钱；C. space 空间；D. time 时间。根据句意： 没有足够的钱买下所有的东西。故选B。 19：C 考查名词辨析。A. faith 信念；B. courage 勇气；C. kindness 善良；D. honor 荣耀。根据上文这位陌生人对母亲的帮助可知此处为 "感谢你的善良举动"。故选C。 20：A 考查词组辨析。A. made her day 使她心情愉悦； B. changed her mind 改变她的想法； C. caught her eye 吸引她的眼球；D. met her demand 满足她的要求。根据句意可知陌生人的善意 不仅帮助了我们母亲，同时也使她心情愉悦。故选A。 【真题 7】【2021年6月全国甲卷】 It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada. Burchill was 1 at the hotel on business and planning to 2 some friends in the area. They had asked him to 3 some pepperoni（辣香肠） from back east. So he 4 a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was 5 that it would be too warm, he 6 it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was 7 and well chilled（冷却） and he 8 . That's when things went 9 Eyy temenier walking down the long 10 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls, " Burchill said in a recent letter of 11 to the 4-star hotel.“The seagulls immediately went 12 They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 13 at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real 14 ." Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion（莽 撞）. “I have 15 and I admit responsibility for my 16 , " he said in the letter. “I come to you, 17 , to apologize for the damage I had 18 caused and to ask you to 19 my lifetime ban from the hotel." His letter 20 . Banned from the hotel since 2001, Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said. 1.A.studying B.staying C.looking D.packing 2.A.visit B.help C.follow D.make3.A.sell B.have C.bring D.taste 4.A.filled B.locked C.abandoned D.lost 5.A.surprised B.pleased C.excited D.worried 6.A.dug B.cleared C.cut D.laid 7.A.delicious B.safe C.soft D.ready 8.A.left B.nodded C.waited D.regretted 9.A.far B.funny C.wrong D.blind 10.A.beach B.driveway C.hall D.table 11.A.application B.apology C.request D.invitation 12.A.hungry B.dead C.missing D.wild 13.A.wake up B.get out C.take off D.break in 14.A.mess B.puzzle C.fight D.challenge 15.A.recovered B.retired C.escaped D.matured 16.A.suffering B.plans C.madness D.actions 17.A.hands in pockets B.nose in the air C.hat in hand D.feet on the ground 18.A.indirectly B.deliberately C.cautiously D.secretly 19.A.replace B.remember C.reconsider D.renew 20.A.arrived B.worked C.ended D.disappeared 【文章大意】本文是记叙文，文章讲述了主人公酒店出差住店时的一次不愉快经历。主人公 住酒店时，拿出来的香肠吸引了鸽子，而让宾馆收到损失。最后事情得到了圆满解决，主人 公又再次成为宾馆的座上宾，宾馆也欢迎他随时回来。 【解析】 1：D 考查动词。根据下文 "a suitcase full of pepperoni" 和 "he 26 it out on the table near an open window" 可知，Burchill装了满满一箱子的腊肠，因为担心太热，温度过高，他把香肠放到窗 户的桌子上，一遍香肠可以冷却。由此可以推断他当时正在酒店收拾行李。A. studying 学习， 研究B. staying待着C. looking看 D. packing打包，故选D。 2 ：A 考查动词。根据下文 "They had asked him to 23 some pepperoni（辣香肠） from back east." 可知他的朋友叫他带点香肠给他们，所以这里应该是他去拜访朋友或者看望朋友。A. visit拜访B. help 帮助C. follow追随 D. make 交朋友。故选A。 3 ：C 考查动词。根据上文，they 只带朋友，所以这里应该是让他带一些香肠过去。A. sell 卖 B. have 拥有C. bring 带来D. taste 品尝。故选C。 4 ：A 考查动词。前面是bring在根据上文，Burchill正在打包，所以这里应该是把箱子填满了香肠。 A. filled 填满 B. locked 锁上C. abandoned 放弃D. lost丢失。故选A。 5 ：D 考查形容词、副词。根据本句 "too warm" 所以这里应该是Burchill担心太热。A. surprised 吃 惊的 B. pleased 高兴的 C. excited 兴奋的 D. worried担忧的。故选D。 6 ： D 考查动词。根据后问 "out on" 应该是他把香肠拿出来放到桌子上。A. dug 挖 B. cleared 清理 C. cut 剪断，切 D. laid放置。故选D。 7 ：B 考查形容词、副词。他认为他的香肠会_____, 会冷却，所以他_____.这里应该是他觉得放在 桌子上没问题，所以他离开了。A. delicious美味的 B. safe安全的 C. soft柔 软的 D. ready准备好的。故选B。 8 ：A 考查动词。他认为他的香肠会_____, 会冷却，所以他_____.这里应该是他觉得放在桌子上没 问题，所以他离开了。A. left 离开 B. nodded 点头 C. waited 等 待 D. regretted 后悔。故选A。 9 ：C 考查形容词、副词。这里根据文章的首段，加拿大维多利亚州费尔蒙特皇后酒店(Fairmont Empress Hotel)的尼克•伯奇尔(Nick Burchill)被列入黑名单，至少部分罪魁祸首应该是海边的 鸟儿。这里go wrong表示发生了意外。A. go far 成功，扬名 B. go funny 变得可 笑 C. go wrong出错，出毛病 D.go blind 失明。故选C。 10 ：C 考查名词。根据 "walking down the long 30__ and opening the door " 可以猜测这里应该是 回了酒店，所以只能是走过长长的酒店的走廊。A. beach 海滩 B. driveway 车道 C. hall 走廊（熟词生义）D. table 桌子。故选C。 11 ：B考查名词。根据下文 "I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the damage I had " 可以得知，这 里应该是道歉。A. application申请B. apology道歉 C. request 请求 D. invitation 邀 请。故选B。 12 ：D 考查形容词、副词。根据下文 "They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere." 可知，海鸥应该是着急出去。A. go hungry 饥饿 的 B. go dead 死的；不起作用的 C. go missing 迷失的 D. go wild 疯狂 的。故选D。 13 ：B 考查短语。这里应该是海鸥应该是着急出去。A. wake up 唤醒 B. get out 出 去 C. take off 脱下；起飞 D. break in 闯入。故选B。 14 ：A 考查名词。根据前面 "The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down" 可知，此时 的状况应该是一团糟。A. mess 乱糟糟 B. puzzle 谜团 C. fight 斗 争 D. challenge 挑战。故选A。 15 ：D 考查动词。空格后面我承认我对此事有责任，根据上文 "Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion伯奇尔年纪大了，也更聪明了，他把这件事归咎于年轻人 的轻率行为" 和下文 "to apologize for the damage" 可以推测此时我应该是成熟了，长大了。A. recovered 恢复 B. retired 退休 C. escaped 逃跑 D. matured 成熟。故选D。 16 ： D 考查名词。同上，应该是为我的行为感到道歉。A. suffering 遭受 B. plans 计 划 C. madness 疯狂 D. actions 行动。故选D。 17 ：C 考查短语。根据后文，为了道歉， 那么应该是毕恭毕敬的道歉。A. hands in pockets 两手 抄兜B. nose in the air 目中无人 C. hat in hand 毕恭毕敬地 D. feet on the ground 脚踏实地。故选C。 18 ：A 考查形容词、副词。根据 "had caused" 在根据前文他的过失，所以很容易得知这里应该是无 心之举。A. indirectly 间接地 B. deliberately 故意地 C. cautiously 小心谨慎地 D. secretly 秘密地。故选A。 19 ：C 考查动词。根据 "my lifetime ban from the hotel" 应该是请求移除对我的黑明显限制。 A. replace 代替B. remember 记得 C. reconsider 重新考虑 D. renew 更新。故选C。 20 ：B 考查动词。根据后文 "Burchill is now welcome to come back" 可知他现在已经不在黑名单中了， 所以他的道歉是起了作用的。 A. arrived 到达B. worked 工作 C. ended 以…… 结束 D. disappeared 消失。故选B。 【真题 8】【2021年3月天津】 For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 1 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 2 took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 3 . For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was 4 his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 5 of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 6 to get to work? With that thought in mind, Pruitt 7 a plan and posted it on the community website. He 8 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again 9 . And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the 10 to buy one. The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty 11 bicycles. Then came more than 500 12 for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be 13 to their owners. Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are 14 struggling. 15 simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. In addition to 16 skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. 17 , the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment."It's a really great 18 for kids," said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a 19 , but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the 20 that he can make on people." 1.A.amazed B.mad C.curious D.frightened 2.A.emotions B.career C.opinions D.route 3.A.ever B.together C.instead D.yet 4.A.ride B.lock C.repair D.replace 5.A.lack B.variety C.increase D.quality 6.A.instruction B.qualification C.transportation D.permission 7.A.came up with B.stuck to C.gave up D.broke away from 8.A.remembered B.refused C.hesitated D.offered 9.A.by accident B.in advance C.for free D.on credit 10.A.profit B.budget C.courage D.excuse 11.A.shared B.used C.expensive D.modern 12.A.enquiries B.advertisements C.notices D.announcements 13.A.exported B.sold C.lent D.returned 14.A.hardly B.slightly C.truly D.instantly 15.A.Without B.Beyond C.Upon D.Among 16.A.practical B.commercial C.mathematical D.social 17.A.Otherwise B.However C.Somehow D.Meanwhile 18.A.promise B.celebration C.comfort D.experience 19.A.competition B.service C.ceremony D.suggestion 20.A.compromise B.impression C.impact D.progress 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给 人免费修车的计划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。 他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要 它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。 【解析】 1 ：B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robbie Pruitt承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。 A. amazed惊讶的；B. mad生气的；C.curicus好奇的；D. frightened害怕的。根据第一段最后一句 "After letting go of his anger and frustration" 可知，发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生 气。故选B。 2 ：A 考查名词词义辨析。句意∶但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions情绪；B. career事业； C. opinions观点；D. route路线。结合后文"After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy"可知，Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。 故选A。 3 ：C 考查副词词义辨析。句意∶在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. ever曾 经；B.together一起；C. instead相反；D. yet然而。结合上文 "he found himself on a road to sympathy" 可知，发现自己的车被偷，Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的 道路。故选C。 4 ：D 考查动词词义辨析。句意∶对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他 被偷的自行车。A. ride骑车；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace取代。根据后文 "his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping" 可知，车被偷，Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。 故选D。 5 ：A 考查名词词义辨析。句意∶但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到∶如果 缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. lack缺乏； B. variety多样；C. increase增加；D. quality质量。根据上文 "he found few available" 可知， 商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。 6 ： C 考查名词词义辨析。句意∶但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到∶如果 缺少自行车与 Covid-19 有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资格；C. transportation运输工具；D. permission允许。根据前 后文可知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。 7 ：A 考查动词短语辨析。句意︰带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站 上。A. come up with提出；B. stick to坚持；C. give up放弃；D. break away from突然逃跑。根据后文 "a plan and posted it on the community website" 指想出了一个计划，come up with符 合语境。故选A。 8 ：D 考查动词词义辨析。句意∶他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remember记得；B. refuse拒绝；C. hesitate犹豫；D. offer提议。结合后文 " to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it." 指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to dosth."主动提出做某事”。故选D。 9 ：C 考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。A. by accident偶然；B. in advance提前；C. for free免费；D. on credit赊账。呼应上文"fix bikes free of charge"他的修车都是免费的。故选C。 10 ：B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据前后文可知，Pruitt捐车的 对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人，but表示转折，说明预算紧张。故选B。 11 ： B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天，Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。A. shared 共享的；B. used二手的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. modern现代的。根据上文 "He also asked for unwanted bikes," 可知，Pruitt也回收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了 30辆二手 自行车。故选B。 12 ：A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiry询问；B. advertisement 广 告 ； C. notice 通 知 ； D. announcement 公 告 。 根 据 后 文 "for detailed information"可知，此处指询问详细信息的询问。故选A。 13 ：D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车，这些自行车要 么捐赠，要么返还原主。A. export出口；B. sell出售；C. lend借给；D. return返回、返还。结 合后文'to their owners"指修好的车返还给主人，return符合语境。故选D。 14 ：C 考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. hardly几乎不；B. slightly轻微地；C. truly真实地；D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文"folks whocould truly use them"指Pruitt的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。 15 ：C 考查介词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学 习如何修理自行车的机会。A. Without除了；B. Beyond越过；C. Upon在……上；D. Among在 ……中间。结合后文"simply satisfying a materia need"表示"在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上"可知 应用介词upon。故选C。 16 ： A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意︰除了实用技能，Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值， 促进社区感觉。A. practical实际的；B. commercial商业的；C. mathematical数学的；D. social 社会的。根据上文"he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes."可知，Pruitt为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授 他们实用技能。故选A。 17 ：D 考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However 然而；C. Somehow不知怎么；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境可知，孩子们通过参加 Pruitt的课程，学到了实用技能，同时还有了一种成就感，Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。 18 ：D 考查名词词义辨析。句意∶一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说∶"对孩子们来说，这真是一次 很棒的经历。"A. promise承诺；B.celebration庆祝；C. comfort安慰；D. experience经历。根 据语境，参与Pruitt的课程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选D。 19 ：B 考查名词词义辨析。句意∶Pruitt当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. competition比赛； B. service服务；C. ceremony典礼；D. suggestion建议。结合上文可知，Pruitt为人们免费修车 还为社区的孩子教授如何修车，所以他提供的是服务。故选B。 20 ：C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression 印象；C. impact影响； D. progress进步。根据后文"he can make on people"可知为短语make impact on"对.……产生影响"。故选C。 【真题 9】【2020年全国卷II】 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 41 to the public because of Italy’s privacy laws, 42 working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” 43 by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 45 above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32. When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he 47 the paintings with him. He hung them above the same table he had 48 from Turin. His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something 50 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51 it, he only found “Bonnard,” a French 52 he had never heard of. He bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father’s painting. “That’s the garden in our picture,”Nicolo’s son told his father. They 55 learned that the painting they 56 was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They 57 the other painting and learned that it was 58 Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The 59 called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 60 and worth as much as $50 million. 41．A．attached B．allocated C．exposed D．submitted 42．A．finished B．delayed C．considered D．tried 43．A．attended B．reserved C．cancelled D．run 44．A．shown B．found C．kept D．hidden 45．A．nice B．familiar C．useful D．real 46．A．battled B．debated C．discussed D．bargain 47．A．held B．left C．registered D．brought 48．A．chosen B．received C．ordered D．moved 49．A．missed B．failed C．taken D．led 50．A．concrete B．unusual C．unappealing D．natual 51．A．appreciated B．touched C．researched D．witnessed 52．A．painter B．designer C．author D．actor53．A．expected B．surprised C．anxious D．ready 54．A．room B．kitchen C．hall D．garden 55．A．apparently B．confidently C．eventually D．temporarily 56．A．owned B．borrowed C．sold D．stole 57．A．collected B．cleaned C．framed D．studied 58．A．suitably B．actually C．rightly D．specifically 59．A．girl B．artist C．family D．police 60．A．copies B．originals C．models D．presents 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Nicolo的人在拍卖会上以低价 购得两幅画。后来他学艺术欣赏的儿子经过研究发现这两副画可能来自著名画家，他们打电 话给意大利文化部，那儿的官员证实这两幅画都是画家的真迹，价值至少5000万美元。 41．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意 大利的隐私法不能暴露给公众。A. attached参加；B. allocated分配；C. exposed暴露；D. submitted上交。根据下文的because of Italy's privacy可知此处用be exposed to“暴露”符合语 境，故选C项。 42．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因为 意大利的隐私法不能暴露给警方。A. finished完成；B. delayed推迟；C. considered考虑；D. tried尝试。根据上文的It was just after sunrise on a June morning可推测Nicolo刚在工厂里上完 了夜班，即完成了一整夜的工作，故选A项。 43．D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样，他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”，这个拍卖会是由意大 利警方进行的，在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. attended参加；B. reserved 保护；C. cancelled取消；D. run进行。结合常识可知，拍卖会上需要有警察来维持秩序，进 行拍卖，故选D项。 44．B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样，他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”，这个拍卖会是由意大 利警察管理的，在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. shown展示；B. found发现； C. kept保存；D. hidden隐藏。根据句意可知，此处是指拍卖的东西都是从一列火车上发现的， 故选B项。45．A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，很多其它东西中，Nicolo看到了两幅画，他觉得它们 看起来挂在自己的餐桌上方会很漂亮。A. nice漂亮的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. useful有用的； D. real真的。根据下文的Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可推测Nicolo认为这两幅画挂在自己的餐桌前会很漂亮，所以才会出高价买，故选A 项。 46．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo和另外一个竞标人竞争，直到Nicolo最终以32美元的价格 赢得了这两幅画。A. battled竞争；B. debated辩论；C. discussed 讨论；D. bargained讨价还价。 根据上文的were sold to the highest bidder可知此处用“竞争”符合语境，故选A项。 47．D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Nicolo退休去Sicily居住时，他带上了这两幅画。A. held拿着； B. left离开，留下；C. registered注册；D. brought带来。根据下文的he hung them above the same table可知，Nicolo搬家时带上了这两幅画，故选D项。 48．D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把它们挂在同一张桌子的上面，这张桌子是他从Turin搬来的。 A. chosen选择；B. received收到；C. ordered 命令；D. moved搬。根据上文的the same table 可知，Nicolo搬家时也把桌子搬来了，故选D项。 49．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那幅有一个年轻女孩 坐在花园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. missed错过；B. failed失败；C. taken拿；D. led导致。 根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语take classes“上课”，故选C项。 50．B 考查形容词词义辨析，句意：句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那副有一个 年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. concrete具体的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. unappealing不吸引人的；D. natural自然的。根据下文的it was signed ''Bonnato'' or he thought 可知，儿子认为这幅画可能是一个著名画家的画，故觉得它有些不同寻常，故选B项。 51．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他 只发现了“Bonnard”，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. appreciated欣赏；B. touched触摸；C. researched研究；D. witnessed目睹。根据下文的he only found ''Bonnard''可推测儿子仔细研 究了画，故选C项。 52．A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他 只发现了Bonnard，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. painter画家；B. designer设计师；C. author 作家；D. actor演员。根据下文的a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard可知，此处用画家 符合语境，故选A项。 53．B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画，他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A. expected意料的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. ready准备好的。根据下文的sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his father's painting可知此处用“吃惊的”符合语境，故选B项。 54．D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard 的画，他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A. room房间；B. kitchen餐厅； C. hall 大厅；D. garden花园。根据上文的with a young girl sitting on a garden chair可知此处用 “花园”符合语境，garden是原词复现，故选D项。 55．C 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女孩”。A. apparently明显地；B. confidently自信地；C. eventually 最后；D. temporary暂时的。根据上 文的he bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same as his father's painting可知，此处是指经过一系列的对比和研究，他们终于从 一本书上得知了其中一副画的名字，故选C项。 56．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女孩”。A. owned拥有；B. borrowed借；C. sold卖；D. stole偷。根据上文的Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可知，这幅画的所有权是Nicolo的，即他们拥有它，故选A项。 57．D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的《Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog》。A. collected收集；B. cleaned打扫；C. framed制定；D.studied研究。根据上文的but when he 51 it可知此处用“研究”符合语境，research和 study是同义词复现，故选D项。 58．B 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的《Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog》。A. suitably适合地；B. actually事实上；C. rightly正确 地；D. specifically具体地。根据句意可知，此处是指他们研究了另外一副画，事实证明也是 一副著名画家的画，故选B项。 59．C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这些画是原版，价值高 达5000万美元。A. girl女孩；B. artist艺术家；C. family家庭；D. police警察。根据上下文可 知，此处是指Nicolo一家为了鉴别画的真伪给意大利文化部打电话，故选C项。 60．B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这些画是原版，价值高 达5000万美元。A. copies复制品；B. originals原版；C. models 模型；D. presents礼物。根据 下文的as much as $50 million可推测，这两幅画都是画家的原版，故选B项。 【真题 10】【2020·全国卷I】 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。 Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, they’ll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 44 . But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door. I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48 . I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 . I have a very strong 51 that the lie we’re telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, likean opportunity(机会) of some sort, and 55 opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, ＂What if it isn’t a door?＂ That is, ＂What if it isn’t a 57 opportunity?＂ Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just 59 repeatedly having to say, ＂No. We can’t go outside now.＂ Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t 60 to open them and walk through. 41．A．relief B．target C．reason D．case 42．A．admit B．believe C．mean D．realize 43．A．gradually B．constantly C．temporarily D．casually 44．A．result B．danger C．method D．truth 45．A．merely B．slightly C．hardly D．partly 46．A．reviewing B．approving C．receiving D．attempting 47．A．win out B．give up C．wake up D．stand out 48．A．dream B．lie C．fantasy D．fact 49．A．parents B．twins C．colleagues D．teachers 50．A．restrictions B．explanations C．differences D．consequences 51．A．demand B．fear C．desire D．doubt 52．A．physical B．biological C．spiritual D．behavioral 53．A．traditional B．important C．double D．original 54．A．life B．time C．reply D．history 55．A．by comparison with B．in addition to C．regardless of D． instead of 56．A．get hold of B．stare at C．knock on D．make use of 57．A．real B．typical C．similar D．limited 58．A．safety rule B．comfort zone C．bottom line D．top secret 59．A．delay B．regret C．enjoy D．accept 60．A．hurry B．decide C．hesitate D．intend 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一 种教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路 上，不再被各种“进退两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。41．C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因是明显的。A. relief安慰； B. target目标；C. reason原因； D. case情况。根据下文If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释 把门说成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。 42．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. admit 承 认；B. believe相信；C. mean意味着；D. realize意识到。下文they'll want to go outside_43.说 他们就会经常想出去，那必然是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选A。 43．B 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. gradually 逐步地；B. constantly不断地；C temporarily临时地；D casually随便地。根据下文I should just_59 repeatedly having to say, "No. We can't go outside now. "可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出 去。故选B。 44．D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们显然知道这个真相。A. result结果；B. danger危险；C. method方法；D. truth真相。下文But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试，和下文的I hate lying to the kids.可知孩子们是知道真相的。故选D。 45．A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求 打开这扇门的尝试。A. merely只不过；B. slightly轻微地；C. hardly几乎不；D. partly部分地。 我在搪塞孩子们，所以轻描淡写地说，它不过是一扇窗户而已。故选A。 46．D 考查动名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打 开这扇门的尝试。A. reviewing回顾；B. approving赞成；C. receiving收到；D. attempting尝 试。根据millions of requests to open the door可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选D。 47．C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知 道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. win out最后获得成功；B. give up放弃；C. wake up 开始了解真相；D. stand out站出来。根据and discover that everything they've always knownabout windows is a 48.可知有一天，孩子们会开始了解真相。故选C。 48．B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知 道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. dream梦想；B. lie谎言；C. fantasy幻想；D. fact事实。 根据I hate lying to the kids.以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关 于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。故选B。 49．A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. parents父母； B. twins双胞胎；C. colleagues同事；D. teachers老师。根据下文to our children，可知这里意 思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。故选A。 50．D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. restrictions 限制；B. explanations解释；C. differences差异；D. consequences结果。根据they'll want to go outside_43.可知一旦我说出真相，孩子们就总想着打开门出去，这是一种说出真相的“后 果”。故选D。 51．B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心 灵上的伤害。A. demand要求；B. fear害怕；C. desire欲望；D. doubt怀疑。根据that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage to our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让 我强烈害怕的事情。故选B。 52．C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成 心灵上的伤害。A. physical身体的；B biological生物的；C. spiritual心灵的；D. behavioral行 为的。下文说家长们的撒谎行为会让孩子们面对机会时，犹豫不前。由此可知，这是对孩子 们心灵上造成了伤害。故选C。 53．B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。A. traditional传统的； B. important重要的；C. double双重的；D. original原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到 比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知 道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。由此可知，窗户和门的比喻意义是非常重要的。故选B。 54．A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机 会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么 样”。A. life生活；B. time时间；C. reply回答；D. history历史。根据Then when they come to other doors in life可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故选A。 55．D 考查短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会， 他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。 A. by comparison with与……相比；B. in addition to除……之外；C. regardless of不管；D. instead of而不是。对孩子们撒谎，今后，孩子们面对生活中的“门”时，会观望，而不是打 开“门”。故选D。 56．B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机 会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么 样”。A. get hold of抓住；B. stare at凝视；C. knock on敲击（门、窗）；D. make use of利用。 孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知，孩子们在凝视着“机 会”。故选B。 57．A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样？A. real真 的；B. typical典型的；C. similar相似的；D. limited有限的。孩子们面对机会，犹豫不前，是 在质疑机会的真实性。故选A。 58．C 考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。A safety rule安全 守则；B. comfort zone舒适带; C. bottom line底线；D. top secret绝密的。根据I shouldn't lie to my kids.可知这是我的底线。故选C。 59．D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我应该只是接受重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”A. delay推迟；B. regret后悔；C. enjoy享受；D. accept接受。当我告知孩子们真相时，我也不 得不重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”这是一个现实，我只能接受。故选D。60．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当他们遇到生活中的其他“门”时，或真实或比喻，他们 将毫不犹豫的打开它们，然后走过去。A. hurry匆忙；B. decide决定；C. hesitate犹豫；D. intend打算。根据and walk through.可知当告知孩子们真相时，孩子们将不再犹豫，大踏步向 前走。故选C。 【真题 11】【2020年全国卷III】 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。 As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, 42 their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll 43 that they left it in the changing room, create havoe (混乱) and then 44 it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a 46 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 47 . I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was 49 absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular”. After a while, she 51 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 52 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对), she’d taken it out on 53 people. That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Don’t take it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not 57 .” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get 58 . If you do, you won’t be able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyone’s day. 41．A．shopkeepers B．customers C．salespersons D．receptionists 42．A．saying B．pretending C．guessing D．replying 43．A．agree B．promise C．imagine D．swear 44．A．forget B．decide C．discover D．assume 45．A．foods B．catalogues C．belongings D．goods 46．A．particular B．different C．matching D．natural47．A．fighting B．smiling C．waiting D．changing 48．A．generous B．polite C．careless D．difficult 49．A．curious about B．displeased with C．patient with D．uncertain about 50．A．relaxed B．delighted C．surprised D．embarrassed 51．A．searched B．argued C．prayed D．apologized 52．A．by chance B．by herself C．on purpose D．on duty 53．A．rude B．such C．other D．lonely 54．A．lesson B．trick C．skill D．trade 55．A．work B．shop C．meet D．quarrel 56．A．kindly B．secretly C．personally D．casually 57．A．ready B．away C．up D．well 58．A．out of sight B．in the way C．behind the scene D．above the law 59．A．stress B．expect C．handle D．blame 60．A．ruins B．makes C．starts D．saves 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一位生意人，遇到过各种各样让人抓狂的顾客，而有一个 难缠的顾客，一开始对每件事都不满意，结果居然成了常客。最后顾客告诉作者，是因为自 己和丈夫分居了，于是把气撒到其他人身上，这让作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是要学会淡 化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾，不然当事情发展成不愉快的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人的一天。 41．B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。A. shopkeepers店主；B. customers顾客；C. salespersons售货员； D. receptionist接待员。根据 上文I care deeply about my customers可知作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。 故选B。 42．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会冲进来，说手提包被偷了。A. saying说；B. pretending假 装；C. guessing猜测；D. replying回答。结合后文their handbag’s been stolen可知此处是指说 的内容应用say。故选A。 43．D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现 它一直在他们的车里。A. agree同意；B. promise承诺；C. imagine想象；D. swear发誓。顾 客冲进作者的店里，信誓旦旦地说自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。故选D。44．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现 它一直在他们的车里。A. forget忘记；B. decide决定；C. discover发现；D. assume假设。结 合后文it had been in their car all the time可知顾客一开始说包忘在了更衣室，结果最后发现包 一直在他们自己的车里。故选C。 45．D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色 的存货。A. foods食物；B. catalogues目录；C. belongings所有物；D. goods商品。结合后文 in the shops可知此处指的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。 46．A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜 色的存货。A. particular特别的；B. different不同的；C. matching相配的；D. natural自然的。 结合上文the only style you don't have left in a可知顾客试了店里一半的商品，结果想要的只是 那种有特别颜色（particular）没有存货的款式。其它选项带入不符合语境。故选A。 47．B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道店员会有多沮丧，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。A. fighting 打架；B. smiling微笑；C. waiting等待；D. changing改变。结合上文可知，一些顾客有一些 很无厘头的要求和行为，面对这种情况，虽然店员会很沮丧，“但是”一词边是转折，与 “沮丧”一词情感色彩相反，结合选项，B项“微笑”符合句意。故选B。 48．D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得我们在Covent Garden遇到的第一个难缠的顾客。A. generous慷慨的；B. polite礼貌的；C. careless粗心的；D. difficult难缠的，困难的。结合后 文nothing was right可知这位顾客对一切都不满，很难缠。故选D。 49．B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是， 她居然成了“常客”。A. curious about好奇；B. displeased with对……不满意；C. patient with 对……有耐心；D. uncertain about对……不能肯定。结合后文nothing was right可知这个顾客 对一切都不满意。故选B。 50．C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。A. relaxed放松的；B. delighted高兴的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。结合上下文可知这位顾客对每件事都不满意，但是居然成了“常客”， 这让作者感到很惊讶才对。故选C。 51．D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A. searched搜索；B. argued 争论；C. prayed祈祷；D. apologized道歉。顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成 了常客，她开始为自己一开始的行为道歉。apologize for“为某事道歉”。故选D。 52．B 考查介词短语辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉 得实在难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. by chance偶然；B. by herself她独自地；C. on purpose故意地；D. on duty值班。结合上文She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat可知女顾客和丈夫分居了，因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。故选B。 53．C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她 觉得实在难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. rude粗鲁的；B. such这样的；C. other其他的； D. lonely寂寞的。结合上文since she'd found it too much to cope with, she'd taken it out on可知 她难以应付这样压力，于是决定把气撒在其他人身上。other people“其他人”。故选C。 54．A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. lesson课程，教训；B. trick诡计；C. skill技能；D. trade贸易。结合后文作者的感悟，可知这 件事让作者学到了宝贵的一课。故选A。 55．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. work工作；B. shop购物；C. meet会面；D. quarrel争吵。结合后文in the market可知是指在 市场上工作的人。故选A。 56．C 考查副词词义辨析。句意：别太在意。A. kindly亲切地；B. secretly秘密地；C. personally亲 自地；D. casually随便地。结合后文作者指出不要让自我妨碍了你，要淡化这种情绪可知此 处作者想说的是不要太在意这些事。短语take it personally“在意，把这些放在心上”。故选 C。57．D 考查副词词义辨析。句意：也许她的孩子不太好。A. ready迅速地；B. away离开；C. up向上； D. well好地。根据上文Maybe she’s had a row with her husband可知此处列举的是顾客家中有不 好的事情发生的情况。故选D。 58．B 考查介词短语辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。A. out of sight看不见； B. in the way妨碍，挡道；C. behind the scene幕后；D. above the law凌驾于法律之上。上文 作者提到不要太在意这些顾客，要淡化这种不好的情绪，不要让自己的自我妨碍了自己。故 选B。 59．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快 的场面，毁了每个人的一天。A. stress强调；B. expect期待；C. handle处理；D. blame责备。 结合本段内容主要是在说明如何处理粗鲁难缠的顾客的问题。故选C。 60．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快 的场面，毁了每个人的一天。A. ruins毁灭；B. makes制作；C. starts开始；D. saves拯救。结 合上文the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that可知一旦事情发展成不愉快的 场面，那么最终只会毁了每一个人的一天。故选A。 【真题 12】【2020年江苏卷】 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives. When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no 38 of knowing that his life was to change 39 . The class experiment that day was to 40 how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. 41 , the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat 42 held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container 43 , leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes. When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents 44 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as46 . He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker. Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from 48 for lack of proper treatment. For him, it was one thing to 49 his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 50 it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 . Wilson received several international 53 for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a 54 . He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens. 36. A. depends B. holds C. keeps D. reflects 37. A. dilemmas B. accidents C. events D. steps 38. A. way B. hope C. plan D. measure 39. A. continually B. gradually C. gracefully D. completely 40. A. direct B. show C. advocate D. declare 41. A. Anyway B. Moreover C. Somehow D. Thus 42. A. mistakenly B. casually C. amazingly D. clumsily 43. A. erupted B. exploded C. emptied D. exposed 44. A. deserved B. attempted C. cared D. agreed 45. A. submitted to B. catered for C. impressed on D. happened to 46. A. fantastic B. extraordinary C. impressive D. catastrophic 47. A. accomplished B. crucial C. specific D. innocent 48. A. deafness B. depression C. blindness D. speechlessness 49. A. decide B. abandon C. control D. accept 50. A. until B. when C. unless D. before 51. A. opposition B. adjustments C. commitment D. limitations 52. A. preventable B. potential C. spreadable D. influential 53. A. scholarships B. rewards C. awards D. bonuses 54. A. fortune B. recipe C. dream D. vision 55. A. distinguishes B. determines C. claims D. limits 这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。因为一次意外，威尔逊失明了。但是，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是努力地学习，接受教育。他通过自己的努力帮助很多人恢复了视力，获得了很 多国际大奖。他的例子告诉我们：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的 看法。 36. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。 A. depends依靠；B. holds握，持有；C. keeps保持；D. reflects反映。结合空后的介词on可知 仅仅擅长某件事并有激情是不够的。成功从根本上“取决于”我们对自己和对生活中所发生 事情的看法。depend on：取决于。故选A。 37. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。 A. dilemmas进退两难的处境；B. accidents意外事故；C. events事，事件；D. steps脚步，步骤 结合文章最后一句“He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens”可知，我们对所发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。空处对应what happens(发生的事)。故选C。 38. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时， 他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. way方法，方式；B. hope希望；C. plan计划；D. measure措施。John Wilson“无法”预知将会发生的事情。故选A。 39. D 考查副词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时， 他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. continually 不断地；B. gradually 逐渐地；C. gracefully优雅地；D. completely完全地。结合下文可知，一场意外导致他失明，这“完全” 改变了他的生活。故选D。 40. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天的课堂实验是为了展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒 泡到表面。A. direct指导，引导；B. show展示；C. advocate提倡，倡导；D. declare宣布。那 天的课堂实验的目的是“展示”加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。故选B。 41. C 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的 东西。A. Anyway无论如何，不管怎样；B. Moreover而且；C. Somehow不知怎么地；D.Thus因此。不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。故选C。 42. A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的 东西。A. mistakenly错误地；B. casually随意地；C. amazingly令人惊奇地；D. clumsily笨拙 地。老师“误”在容器里装了更容易挥发的东西而没有装水，结果导致了爆炸的发生。故选 A。 43. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，导致威尔逊失明。A. erupted 爆发，喷出；B. exploded爆炸；C. emptied腾空，掏空；D. exposed揭露，使暴露。因为容器 内装的不是水，而是更容易挥发的物质，所以，当威尔逊把它加热时，容器“爆炸”了，导 致Wilson失明。故选B。 44. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来 应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. deserved值得，应得，应受；B. attempted视图，尝试；C. cared关心，在乎； D. agreed同意。孩子失明了，身为父母，他们当然要“试图”找到一种 方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。故选B。 45. D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来 应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. submitted to 提交，服从……；B. catered for 迎合；C. impressed on给……留下印象；D. happened to发生。这场事故“发生”在了威尔逊一家人的生 活中。故选D。 46. D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是灾难性的。A. fantastic极好的；B. extraordinary不同寻常的；C. impressive给人深刻印象的；D. catastrophic灾难性的，毁灭性的 根据上文 his parents 44 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives.以及结合生活常识，失明对于任何一个人来说都是一场灾难。根据 but转折可知，威尔 逊并没有将这场事故看作是“灾难性的”。故选D。 47. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他不仅是一名出色的学生，而且成为了一名出色的演 说家。A. accomplished才华高的，有成就的；B. crucial至关重要的，关键性的；C. specific特定的，具体的；D. innocent无辜的，天真的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文，并在伍斯 特盲人学院继续接受教育。结合该句中的not only…but also…可以推知，他不仅是个好学生， 而且是个非常好的公共演说家。选项中只有A选项表达此意。故选A。 48. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。 A. deafness聋，听力不佳；B. depression沮丧；C. blindness瞎；D. speechlessness哑口无言。 结合后文中的“And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 ”可知，很多人因为威尔逊的努力而复明。由此推知，在非洲，有很多 人因为缺乏适当的治疗而“失明”。故选C。 49. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容 易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. decide决定；B. abandon抛弃；C. control控制；D. accept接受。根据上文中的“But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned braille(盲文)quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker”可知，威尔逊失 明之后，他没有抱怨命运的不公，反而努力进取，由此推知，他“接受”了自己失明的事实。 故选D。 50. B 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此 容易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. until直到；B. when在……情况 下，当……时候；C. unless如果不；D. before在……之前。在很容易解决那么多人失明的情 况下，让他们继续失明下去完全是另一回事。when表示“在……情况下”。故选B。 51. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万 人都可以恢复视力了。A. opposition反对；B. adjustments调整，调节；C. commitment奉献， 投入；D. limitations限制。根据前文中的“This moved him to action”可知，威尔逊行动起来， 努力地去预防那些可以预防的情况。因为他的“奉献”，很多人恢复了视力。该空和 53空后 的great contributions呼应。故选C。 52. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万人都能够恢复视力了。A. preventable可预防的，可阻止的；B. potential潜在的，有潜力的； C. spreadable(黄油等)容易被涂开的；D. influential有影响力的。结合空前的prevent可知，威 尔逊努力地去预防“可以预防的”情况。故选A。 53. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几个国际奖项。A. scholarships奖学 金；B. rewards奖励，回报；C. awards奖，奖品；D. bonuses红利，津贴。因为他的巨大贡献， 威尔逊获得了几个国际“大奖”。故选C。 54. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他失明了，但找到了视野。A. fortune运气，财富；B. recipe食谱， 秘诀；C. dream梦，梦想；D. vision视野。根据前文叙述可知，虽然威尔逊失明了，但是他却 通过努力，帮助了很多人，为世界做出了巨大贡献。由此推知，他虽然看不见，但是他的 “眼界”开阔，做到了很多人都做不到的事情。故选D。 55. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是 我们如何看待发生的事情。A. distinguishes区分，辨别；B. determines决定；C. claims宣称； D. limits限制。结合第一段中的“Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives”可知，成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。即： 并不是发生的事情“决定”我们的生活，而是我们对发生的事情的看法“决定”了我们的生 活。故选B。 【真题 13】【2020年天津卷】 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England. He has recently made a significant 16 - -loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can be 17 in a clever way. The 18 ? Chat benches. Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her 19 . The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who 20 made her believe that he was her friend, and then she lent him about “f 31,000 . Jones was 21 when she said that she didn’t actually 22 being cheated. “Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person forweeks on end,” she said. This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely 23 people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating. So he 24 to do something about it. He 25 the police department to allow him to 26 a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that 27 :”HAPPY TO CHAT. “Just a few days after the signs went up, he found people sitting there and engaging in active and 28 conversations. The idea is catching on 29 There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond. All who participated have gained a(n) 30 outcome from getting involved. Jones’ idea has been fully 31 -the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help 32 the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello. This effort is not just a(n) 33 at being community minded- -it’s also a 34 measure. It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters. The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that 35 those of all ages to interact and get to know each other in the future. 16．A．choice B．discovery C．visit D．promise 17．A．experienced B．suffered C．prevented D．felt 18．A．solution B．puzzle C．excuse D．intention 19．A．pleasure B．prize C．credit D．money 20．A．eventually B．frequently C．previously D．occasionally 21．A．ashamed B．shocked C．excited D．amused 22．A．mind B．forgive C．risk D．enjoy 23．A．active B．lonely C．cautious D．stubborn 24．A．learned B．refused C．pretended D．decided 25．A．forced B．ordered C．convinced D．taught 26．A．put away B．make out C．tear apart D．set up 27．A．read B．claimed C．meant D．implied 28．A．formal B．joyful C．awkward D．crazy 29．A．randomly B．slowly C．quickly D．purposefully 30．A．positive B．disappointing C．correct D．embarrassing 31．A．realized B．examined C．discussed D．formed32．A．break down B．put up C．keep off D．take out 33．A．glance B．attempt C．knock D．attack 34．A．heart-breaking B．risk-taking C．face-saving D．crime-cutting 35．A．forbids B．appoints C．encourages D．troubles 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了艾什莉·琼斯警探在英国的一个警察局工作。他 最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用 一种聪明的方法加以阻止。琼斯警探通过设置”聊天长椅”，帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的 社会障碍。”聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目，它不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减 少犯罪的措施。 16．B 考查名词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致 抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. choice选择；B. discovery发现；C. visit参观；D. promise许诺。下文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes说孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以 用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。这是一项重大的发现。故选B。 17．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致 抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. experienced经历；B. suffered遭受； C. prevented阻止；D. felt 感觉。根据下文Chat benches.可知对于这一社会问题，有阻止的方 法。故选C。 18．A 考查名词词义辨析。句意:解决方案？长椅上聊天。A. solution解决方案；B. puzzle谜；C. excuse借口；D. intention目的。根据下文的回答Chat benches可知这里是询问”解决方案是什 么”。故选A。 19．D 考查名词词义辨析。句意:琼斯是在与一位被骗了钱的老妇人交谈后产生这个想法的。A. pleasure快乐；B. prize奖品；C. credit信用； D. money钱。根据下文and then she lent him about £31,000可知这位老妇人被骗了钱。故选D。 20．A 考查副词词义辨析。句意:这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话，他最终让她相信他 是她的朋友，然后她就借给了他大约31万英镑。A. eventually 最后；B. frequently频繁地；C. previously先前；D. occasionally偶尔。下文说这位老妇人借给了这个陌生人大约31万英镑， 由此可知，他最终让她相信他是她的朋友。故选A。 21．B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. shocked震惊的；C. excited兴奋的；D. amused愉悦的。按照正常的逻辑， 一个人被骗了很多钱，她一定会很生气。然而，这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以琼斯很震惊。 故选B。 22．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A. mind 介意；B. forgive原谅；C. risk冒险；D. enjoy享受。根据下文老妇人说的话 “Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said.可知她并不介意被骗。故选 A。 23．B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这使琼斯得出结论，在他的社区中有太多极度孤独的人，他们很 容易成为欺骗的目标。A. active积极的；B. lonely孤独的；C. cautious小心的； D. stubborn 顽固的。上文老妇人说:“否则，我几个星期都不会跟别人说话”，结合下文，琼斯创建了“聊 天长椅”可知在他的社区中，有太多极度孤独的人。故选B。 24．D 考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以他决定做点什么。A. learned学习；B. refused拒绝；C. pretended假装；D. decided决定。下文He…the police department to allow him to…a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.描述了琼斯采取的实际行动，由此可知，琼斯决定做 点什么。故选D。 25．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个”聊天长椅”。 A. forced强迫；B. ordered命令；C. convinced说服；D. taught教。下文说他在当地的两个公 园里设立了几个“聊天长椅”，由此可知，他是说服了警察局。故选C。 26．D 考查动词短语辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长椅”。 A. put away放好；B. make out辨认出；C. tear apart把……弄乱；D. set up设立。根据a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.可知是在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。故选D。 27．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后，他在每张长椅上挂了一块彩色的牌子，上面写着:“聊天愉 快。” A. read写着；B. claimed宣称；C. meant意味；D. implied暗示。根据”HAPPY TO CHAT. “可知这是牌子上写的内容。表示”牌子上写着……”应用动词read，故选A。 28．B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:就在张贴告示几天后，他发现人们坐在那里，进行着积极愉快的 交谈。A. formal正式的；B. joyful愉快的； C. awkward尴尬的；D. crazy疯狂的。下文说琼 斯的想法已经完全实现了，结合琼斯创建“聊天长椅”的初衷以及牌子上所写的内容“快乐聊 天”，可知人们坐在那里，进行着积极愉快的交谈。故选B。 29．C 考查副词词义辨析。句意:这个想法很快就流行起来了。A. randomly随便地；B. slowly缓慢 地；C. quickly很快地；D. purposefully有目的地。根据There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England.可知这个想法很快就流行起来了。故选C。 30．A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。A. positive积极的； B. disappointing令人失望的；C. correct正确的；D. embarrassing使人尴尬的。根据Jones' idea has been fully…-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help…the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.可知琼斯的想法已经完全实现了，”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打 招呼的无形的社会障碍。因此，推断出所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。故选 A。 31．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。A. realized实现；B. examined检查； C. discussed讨论；D. formed形成。下文说”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社 会障碍。由此可知，琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。故选A。 32．A 考查动词短语辨析。句意:“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。A. break down打破； B. put up提供；C. keep off不接近；D. take out取出。上文说所有参与的 人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。由此可知，“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形 的社会障碍。故选A。33．B 考查名词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. glance一瞥； B. attempt尝试；C. knock敲打；D. attack攻击。琼斯设置的“聊天长椅”是一个 新颖且有趣的尝试。故选B。 34．D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. heart-breaking令人心碎的；B. risk-taking冒险的；C face-saving顾全面子的；D. crime-cutting 减少犯罪的。根据上文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes以及那位被骗了钱的老妇人的悲惨经历，可知这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试， 也是一种减少犯罪的措施。故选D。 35．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意:“聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目，鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互 交流和了解。A. forbids禁止；B. appoints任命；C. encourages鼓励；D. troubles麻烦。根据 The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project 以及上文“聊天长椅”所产生的积极效果，可知“聊天 长椅”，鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。故选C。 【真题 14】【2020年浙江卷】 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger scat. One morning I 36 a lost lamb when I was in the top field，near where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its 37 , so I jumped out of the tractor to 38 it while Don stayed in his scat. Lamb and mother 39 , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so 40 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. 41 Don had somehow made the 42 move. My heart froze in my chest as I 43 the tractor heading towards the 44 .I ran desperately but failed to 45 . It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The 46 thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me. Heart in mouth, I 47 the fence and looked over. The tractor was 48 against thecrash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously(奇迹般地) crossed the 49 road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn’t see Don, but as I 50 the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently 51 , and dashed back to me. The police 52 and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn't quite believe my 53 it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been 54 .Don was given a special 55 that night—I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him. 36．A．dropped B．spotted C．carried D．returned 37．A．kids B．friends C．owner D．mother 38．A．ask about B．play with C．tend to D．run into 39．A．freed B．switched C．reunited D．examined 40．A．unexpected B．dangerous C．embarrassing D．difficult 41．A．Fortunately B．Generally C．Immediately D．Obviously 42．A．lamb B．vehicle C．seat D．fence 43．A．saw B．stopped C．remembered D．drove 44．A．crowd B．motorway C．field D．hill 45．A．take off B．catch up C．hold back D．get out 46．A．real B．best C．basic D．last 47．A．fixed B．noticed C．reached D．closed 48．A．resting B．running C．parking D．turning 49．A．sleep B．long C．rough D．busy 50．A．abandoned B．approached C．recognized D．repaired 51．A．unclean B．uncertain C．unhurt D．unhappy 52．A．arrived B．replied C．survived D．waited 53．A．ability B．dream C．luck D．idea 54．A．common B．confusing C．desirable D．awful 55．A．meal B．test C．job D．lesson 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者开车带着它的狗去田地，路上发现了一只和它妈妈 走散的小羊。作者下车去照看小羊，把自己的狗留在了车上。后来，作者帮助小羊找到了妈 妈，谁知竟发现自己的狗开着拖拉机冲到了高速路上。作者赶紧沿途追赶，害怕造成严重的 后果。幸运的是，最后没有人受伤。这真是一个奇迹！ 36．B考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，我在山顶的田野里发现了一只迷路的小羊，那里有一 条高速公路穿过我的田地。A. dropped下降；B. spotted发现；C. carried搬； D. returned返回。 下文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我是无意中发现了一只迷路的小羊。故选B。 37．D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还 坐在它的座位上。A. kids小孩；B. friends朋友；C. owner主人；D. mother妈妈。根据下文 Lamb and mother，可知小羊是和它的妈妈走散了。故选D。 38．C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它，而Don还 坐在它的座位上。A. ask about询问；B. play with同……一起玩；C. tend to照看；D. run into 撞上。上文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以可以推测出我跳下拖拉机去照看它。故选C。 39．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：小羊和它的妈妈重聚了，我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离 开了我。A. freed使自由；B. switched转变；C. reunited重聚；D. examined检查。下文说我转 过身去看拖拉机，因为小羊和它的妈妈重聚了，所以我才有心思去看我的拖拉机。故选C。 40．A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这太出乎意料了，因为我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹。A. unexpected出乎意料的；B. dangerous危险的；C. embarrassing使人尴尬的；D. difficult困难 的。上文说我看见拖拉机突然离开了我，下文说我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹，所以这是让人 出乎意料的事情。故选A。 41．D 考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. Fortunately幸运地； B. Generally通常；C. Immediately立即；D. Obviously显然。根据while Don stayed in his seat 可知我跳下车，照顾小羊的时候，Don还坐在它的座位上。那么，很显然，是Don以某种方 式使车子动了起来。故选D。 42．B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. lamb小羊；B. vehicle 车辆；C. seat座位；D. fence栅栏。根据I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.可知我转过身去看拖拉机，却看见它突然离开了我。所以这里指的是Don开走 了我的车。故选B。43．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我的心都僵在胸口。A. saw 看到；B. stopped停止；C. remembered记得；D. drove驾驶。下文说，我拼命地追，所以我 是看到了拖拉机朝高速公路开去。故选A。 44．B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我的心都僵在胸口。A. crowd人群；B. motorway高速公路；C. field旷野；D. hill小山。根据near where a motorway cuts through my land.和having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the…road with fast-flowing traffic.可知拖拉机是朝高速公路开去。故选B。 45．B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我拼命地跑，但没能追上。A. take off起飞； B. catch up追上； C. hold back阻止；D. get out出去。根据I ran desperately以及下文It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.可知我没有追上拖拉机。故选B。 46．D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我最后看到的是Don的脸，它平静地看着我。A. real真实的； B. best最好的； C. basic基本的；D. last最后的。Don平静地看着我，这是我最后看到的 事情。故选D。 47．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心都提到嗓子眼了，我抵达栅栏，仔细检查。A. fixed固定； B. noticed注意； C. reached抵达；D. closed关。根据and looked over可知我是抵达了栅 栏。故选C。 48．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车流 如水的繁忙道路。A. resting 倚靠；B. running跑； C. parking停车；D. turning转动。根据 the crash barrier in the central reservation可知拖拉机是靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上。故选 A。 49．D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上，奇迹般地穿过了车 流如水的繁忙道路。A. steep陡峭的；B. long长的；C. rough粗糙的；D. busy繁忙的。根据 fast-flowing traffic可知这条高速公路非常繁忙。故选D。50．B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看不见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，它跳上了马路，显然没有 受伤，冲回我身边。A. abandoned抛弃； B. approached接近;C. recognized意识到；D. repaired修理。下文说我的狗冲回我身边，所以我必定是接近了拖拉机。故选B。 51．C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看不见Don，但当我接近拖拉机时，它跳上了马路，显然没 有受伤，冲回我身边。A. unclean不洁的；B. uncertain不确定的；C. unhurt没有受伤的；D. unhappy不快乐的。根据下文no one got badly hurt可知我的狗没有受伤。故选C。 52．A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：警察来了，高速公路的运行又恢复了正常。A. arrived到达；B. replied回答；C. survived幸存；D. waited等待。下文说高速公路的运行又恢复了正常，可知 是警察到达，处理了情况。故选A。 53．C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不能完全相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但后果可能是可 怕的。A. ability能力；B. dream梦想； C. luck运气；D. idea想法。我的狗驾驶着拖拉机 上了车水马龙的高速路，结果却没有人受伤，所以我不相信我有这么好的运气。故选C。 54．D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不能完全相信我的运气，结果没有人受重伤，但后果可能是 可怕的。A. common普通的；B. confusing混乱的；C. desirable令人向往的；D. awful可怕的。 根据上文作者的极度担忧My heart froze in my chest和Heart in mouth以及生活常识，动物开 车上了高速路，结果可能是非常可怕的。故选D。 55．A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Don那天晚上被给予了一顿特别的晚餐——我不想让它认为我生 它的气。A. meal一餐；B. test测验；C. job工作； D. lesson教训。根据下文I didn't want him thinking I was angry with him.可知我不想让它认为我生它的气，所以我给它提供了一顿特 别的晚餐。故选A。【模拟题 1】【2022·全国·模拟预测】 Although our meetings were few, I could____1____my mother-in-law was pure gold. I loved her____2____I saw her. She suffered from cancer for years and we knew her____3____was short. During one visit, as we left her hotel room, I____4____back to see her staring after us. Her____5____look brought tears to my eyes. I knew what she thought, "Will this be the____6____time?" I stopped, walked to her and hugged her____7____. I whispered. "Mom, come back for the____8____." The day of the wedding was joyous. Georgia and I____9____face-to-face as we said our vows （誓言）. There was a____10____in my voice, After we were____11____man and wife, I hugged my new bride,____12____her arm and walked her down the aisle（过道）. My mother-in-law said later, "I could hear it in your shaking voice. I know you____13____every word you said." The afternoon, we danced, hugged, and expected words of____14____. At one point, I found my mother-in-law____15____. I crouched（蹲下）beside her chair and said. "Mom, I'm so____16____you're here." She said, "Michael, I'm very happy. All I____17____was to see Georgia settled. Today I saw it____18____." Within a year, she____19____and lives forever in our hearts. Mothers are the strength behind great families. I've been____20____with some great ones. 1．A．hear B．hope C．see D．expect 2．A．nearly B．instantly C．secretly D．finally 3．A．time B．chance C．height D．hair 4．A．got B．went C．called D．glanced 5．A．sorrowful B．careful C．meaningful D．different 6．A．only B．last C．best D．first 7．A．firmly B．loosely C．casually D．hardly 8．A．party B．dinner C．wedding D．holiday 9．A．walked B．sat C．lay D．stood 10．A．hesitation B．pleasure C．tremble D．pause 11．A．introduced B．announced C．suggested D．remembered 12．A．abandoned B．handled C．watched D．took 13．A．meant B．forgot C．realized D．changed14．A．satisfaction B．congratulation C．admiration D．instruction 15．A．fit B．asleep C．gone D．alone 16．A．active B．worried C．glad D．generous 17．A．wanted B．experienced C．required D．commanded 18．A．complete B．happen C．adopt D．develop 19．A．passed on B．passed down C．passed away D．passed by 20．A．disappointed B．satisfied C．acquainted D．blessed 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．D 16．C 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．D 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者对岳母的深厚感情。 1． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们见面很少，但我看得出我岳母是很好的人。A. hear听见；B. hope希望；C. see看到；D. expect期待。后文的“my mother-in-law was pure gold”是作者 所看到的，因此空格处是“看到”，故选C。 2． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一见到她就爱上她了。A. nearly将近；B. instantly 一…… 就……；C. secretly秘密地；D. finally最后。由“I saw her”可知，句子表示“我一见到她就 爱上她了”，因此空格处是“ 一……就……”，故选B。 3． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她患了多年的癌症，我们知道她的时间不多了。A. time时间；B. chance机会；C. height高度；D. hair头发。由“She suffered from cancer”可知，她得了癌症， 因此命不久矣，因此是时间不多，故选A。 4． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，当我们离开她的酒店房间时，我回去看到她盯着我们。 A. got得到；B. went去；C. called打电话；D. glanced一瞥。由“back to see her staring after us”可知，我是回去看到她盯着我们，go back意为“回去”，故选B。 5． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她悲伤的神情使我热泪盈眶。A. sorrowful悲伤的；B. careful认 真的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. different不同的。由“brought tears to my eyes”可知，是她 悲伤的神情使哭，故选A。 6． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道她在想什么，“这会是最后一次吗?”A. only只有；B. last最后的；C. best最好的；D. first第一个的。由上文的“her____was short”可知，她的时间 不多了，因此她在想这是不是自己最后一次见到作者他们，故选B。 7． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我停下来，走向她，紧紧地拥抱她。A. firmly强而有力地；B. loosely松地；C. casually随意地；D. hardly几乎不。由“hugged her”可知，我是紧紧地拥抱 她，故选A。 8． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我低声说。“妈妈，回来参加婚礼吧。”A. party派对；B. dinner 晚饭；C. wedding婚礼；D. holiday假期。由后文的“The day of the wedding”可知，我是叫妈 妈来参加婚礼，故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：乔治亚和我面对面地站着宣读誓言。A. walked走路；B. sat坐下； C. lay躺；D. stood站立。由“as we said our vows”可知，我们宣读誓言时是面对面地站着， 故选D。 10． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的声音有些颤抖。A. hesitation犹豫；B. pleasure快乐；C. tremble颤抖；D. pause暂停。由后面的“your shaking voice”可知，作者宣誓时声音颤抖，故 选C。 11． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们被宣布为夫妻后，我拥抱了我的新娘，挽着她的胳膊陪她 走过红毯。A. introduced介绍；B. announced宣布；C. suggested建议；D. remembered记得。 由“I hugged my new bride”可知，在我们被宣布为夫妻后，我拥抱了我的新娘，因此空格处 是“宣布”，故选B。 12． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们被宣布为夫妻后，我拥抱了我的新娘，挽着她的胳膊陪她 走过红毯。A. abandoned抛弃；B. handled处理；C. watched观看；D. took接过。由“walked her down the aisle”可知，我挽着新娘的胳膊陪她走过红毯，take one's arm意为“挽着某人的 胳膊”，故选D。 13． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道你说的每一个字都是认真的。A. meant当真，说到做到； B. forgot忘记；C. realized意识到；D. changed改变。由“I know you____every word you said” 可知，句子表示“我知道你说的每一个字都是认真的”，因此空格处是“当真”，故选A。 14． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：下午，我们跳舞，拥抱，期待着祝贺的话。A. satisfaction满意； B. congratulation祝贺；C. admiration羡慕；D. instruction指示。由“expected words of”可知， 因为那是我们的婚礼，所以人们会祝贺我们，因此我们是期待祝贺的话，故选B。 15． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一刻，我发现我的岳母独自一人。A. fit健康的；B. asleep睡 着的；C. gone离去的；D. alone独自一人的。由“I crouched（蹲下）beside her chair and said” 可知，作者是看见岳母独自一人，所以蹲下来和她说话，故选D。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我蹲在她的椅子旁边说。“妈妈，我真高兴你在这里。”A. active活跃的；B. worried担心的；C. glad高兴的；D. generous慷慨的。由“you're here”可知， 岳母来参加婚礼，作者应该是觉得很高兴，故选C。 17． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只想看到乔治娅安定下来。A. wanted想要；B. experienced经历； C. required要求；D. commanded命令。由“to see Georgia settled”可知，作者的岳母想看到乔 治娅安定下来，故选A。 18． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天我看到了它的发生。A. complete完成；B. happen发生；C. adopt采用；D. develop发展。由“I saw it”可知，作者的岳母今天看到乔治娅安定下来这件事 发生了，故选B。 19． 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：不到一年，她就去世了，并永远活在我们的心中。A. passed on度过；B. passed down传下来；C. passed away去世；D. passed by经过。由后文的“lives forever in our hearts”可知，岳母去世了，故选C。 20． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有幸遇到过一些很棒的人。A. disappointed失望的；B. satisfied满意的；C. acquainted熟识的；D. blessed受祝福的。由“with some great ones”可知， 作者有这么棒的岳母，这是很幸运的事，be blessed with意为“享有……的”，故选D。 【模拟题 2】【2022·浙江·模拟预测】 Twenty years ago, I drove a taxi. One time, I was called at midnight to ___21___someone up. When I arrived, the building was completely dark except for one light in a window. I walked to the door and __22__. After a long wait, the door opened. A small woman in her 80s stood before me. By her side was a small suitcase. "Would you carry my ____23____ out to the car?" she said. I took it and gave her my arm. We walked __24__to the street. She thanked me for my ____25____ constantly. "It's nothing," I told her. "I try to __26__ my passengers how I want my mother treated." When we got into the taxi, she gave me an address. Then she asked me to drive her ____27____ the downtown. "It’s not the shortest way," I answered. "I'm in no hurry and I'm on my way to a ___28___." she said, her eyes shinning with tears." I don't have any family left,"she continued."The doctor says I don't have very long." I quietly ___29___ the meter (记表器)."What road do you want me to take? " I asked. For hours, we drove through the city. She showed me the neighborhood where she and her husband had lived. Sometimes she asked me to just ___30___down while she sat staring into the darkness, saying nothing. As the ___31___ was coming up, she suddenly said, "I'm tired. Let's go now." We drove in silence to the hospice(临终安养院), and later we arrived. When we ___32___up，two nurses were waiting for us. They helped her into a wheelchair. "How much do I owe you?" she asked me, reaching for her____33____. "Nothing,"I said. Without thinking, I leaned down (俯下身来) and gave her a hug. She also hugged me ___34___. "You gave an old woman a little ____35____of joy," she said. "Thank you." I squeezed her hand (紧紧地握着她的手) and then walked back to my ___36___. For the rest of that day, I could ___37___ talk. I believe I have never done anything more ___38___ in my life. We usually think that our lives are ___39___ by great moments. But I now realize that great moments catch us by surprise, because they often seem quite ___40___. It is a taxi ride I’ll never forget. 21．A．set B．gives C．pick D．find 22．A．beat B．knocked C．rest D．hit 23．A．suitcase B．bag C．pack D．package 24．A．slowly B．quickly C．hurriedly D．excitedly 25．A．generosity B．personality C．kindness D．responsibility 26．A．consider B．treat C．convince D．cure 27．A．across B．along C．through D．up 28．A．hospital B．home C．station D．hospice 29．A．turn on B．turn up C．turn over D．turn off 30．A．break B．slow C．pace D．look 31．A．sun B．moon C．star D．light 32．A．take B．bring C．pull D．make 33．A．clothes B．pocket C．purse D．phone 34．A．tightly B．suddenly C．extremely D．actually35．A．occasion B．while C．moment D．time 36．A．house B．taxi C．direction D．work 37．A．freely B．hardly C．fluently D．frequently 38．A．worthless B．valueless C．meaningful D．precious 39．A．defined B．viewed C．attracted D．limited 40．A．big B．small C．little D．huge 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．C 28．D 29．D 30．B 31．A 32．C 33．C 34．A 35．C 36．B 37．B 38．C 39．A 40．B 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了20年前我开出租车时遇到了一位去临终安养院的老太太，我默默 地带着她穿过城市商业区，陪她回忆了过去，最终把她送到目的地，我相信我一生中从未做 过比这更有意义的事情。21． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我半夜被叫去接人。A. set设置；B. gives 给；C. pick 挑选；D. find发现。 根据文章第一句“Twenty years ago, I drove a taxi.”（20年前，我开出租 车）可以推断我应该时被叫去接人，pick up意为：开车接某人。故选C。 22． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我走到门口，敲了敲门。A. beat击败；B. knocked敲；C. rest休 息；D. hit 击打。根据空格前“I walked to the door and”（我走到门口并且……），所以应该 是敲门。故选B。 23． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你能把我的手提箱拿到车上吗？A. suitcase 手提箱；B. bag包； C. pack包装，包裹；D. package 包裹。根据前一句“By her side was a small suitcase.”（她旁 边有一个手提箱），可知本句应该是问你能把我的手提箱拿到车上吗？故选A。 24． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们慢慢地走到街上。A. slowly慢慢地；B. quickly迅速地；C. hurriedly匆忙地；D. excitedly 兴奋地。根据第二空后句子“A small woman in her 80s stood before me.”（一个80多岁的小个子女人站在我面前），可以推断应该是慢慢走。故选A。 25． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不断地感谢我的好心。A. generosity慷慨，大方；B. personality 个性；C. kindness友好，好心；D. responsibility责任。根据之前我帮老太太拿手提箱可以推 断应该是感谢我的好心。故选C。 26． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我尽力地像我希望我母亲被对待那样对待我的乘客。A. consider 考虑，认为；B. treat对待，款待，治疗；C. convince使信服；D. cure治愈。根据本句中的 “how I want my mother treated.”（我想要我妈妈如何被对待）可知空格是对待。故选B。 27． 考查介词词义辨析。句意：当我们上了出租车，她给了我一个地址，然后她让我开车穿过市 中心。A. across横穿；B. along沿着；C. through穿过；D. up向上。结合本句汉语意思可知是 让我开车穿过市中心，through表示从……穿过。故选C。 28． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不着急，我要去一个临终安养院。A. hospital医院；B. home家； C. station车站；D. hospice收容所，救济院，安养院。根据11空后的句子“We drove insilence to the hospice(临终安养院).”（我们默默地开车去了临终安养院）可知老太太要去临终 安养院。故选D。 29． 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我悄悄地关掉记表器。A. turn on打开；B. turn up出现，调高； C. turn over移交；D. turn off关闭。根据13空句子“"How much do I owe you?" she asked me, reaching for her_______."Nothing,"I said.(“我该给你多少钱？”她问我，伸手去拿她的钱包。 “没什么，”我说)”可知我不想要钱，由此推知关掉了计费表。故选D。 30． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时她让我在她坐着凝视黑暗时放慢速度，什么也不说。A. break 打破，打碎，折断；B. slow减速，放慢速度；C. pace踱步；D. look 看。根据上文“She showed me the neighborhood where she and her husband had lived. ”可知，路过自己曾经和丈夫 居住过的地方，她让我放慢速度，slow down，意为：放慢速度。故选B。 31． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当太阳升起时，她突然说：“我累了，我们走吧。”A. sun太阳； B. moon月亮；C. star星星；D. light光。结合前后文，可知应该是我一整夜都带着老太太回 忆过去生活的地方，应该是当太阳升起时。故选A。 32． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们停车时，两个护士在等我们。A. take带走；B. bring带来； C. pull拉；D. make制作，使得。根据前一句“and later we arrived.”（后来我们到了）可知是 当我们停车时，pull up，意为：停车。故选C。 33． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我该给你多少钱？”她问我，伸手去拿她的钱包。A. clothes衣 服；B. pocket口袋；C. purse钱夹，钱包；D. phone手机。根据空格前句子“"How much do I owe you?" she asked me, reaching for her（ “我该给你多少钱？”她问我，伸手去拿她 的……）”可知问多少钱，应该时伸手拿钱包。故选C。 34． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她也紧紧地拥抱了我。A. tightly紧紧地；B. suddenly突然间；C. extremely极其地，极端地；D. actually事实上。结合我带着老太太穿过市中心回忆过去，免 费送她到达目的地，可知老太太应该是感激我的，所以应该紧紧拥抱我。故选A。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你给了一位老太太片刻的欢乐。A. occasion时刻，时机；B. while 一段时间；C. moment 时刻；D. time 时间。对于一个要进临终安养院的老太太来说我为她做 的这些事应该是给了她片刻的欢乐。故选C。 36． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我紧紧地握着她的手，然后走回我的出租车。A. house房子； B. taxi出租车；C. direction方向，指导；D. work 工作。根据前面句子“then walked back to my”（然后走回我的……）结合我是出租车司机，应该是走回我的出租车。故选B。 37． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：那天剩下的时间里，我几乎不能说话。A. freely自由地，免费地； B. hardly 几乎不；C. fluently流利地；D. frequently频繁地。作者因为老太太的事情被深深地 触动，应该是几乎不能说话。故选B。 38． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信我一生中从未做过比这更有意义的事情。A. worthless无 价值的；B. valueless 无价值的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. precious珍贵的。结合上文发生 的事情，可推断作者认为免费送这样一位老太太是有意义的。故选C。 39． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们通常认为我们的生活是被伟大的时刻而定义的。A. defined 是……的特征，下定义；B. viewed观看，看待；C. attracted吸引；D. limited限制。这是主题 的升华部分，表达的应该是我们通常认为我们的生活是被伟大的时刻而定义的。故选A。 40． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我现在意识到，伟大的时刻会出乎意料地感染我们，因为它 们常常显得很渺小。A. big 大的；B. small小的；C. little小的，少的；D. huge巨大的。根据 前一句中的“great moments catch us by surprise,”（ 伟大的时刻会出乎意料地感染我们），可 知跟great相对的是small。little表示小的，常带有一定的感情色彩（如高兴，满意，同情 等）故排除。故选B。 【模拟题 3】【2022·浙江·模拟预测】 “So what are you?” I often get questions like these from passerby’s wondering where I come from. Immediately, I ___41___ the word: Filipino (菲律宾人). So each time I get asked the same question, and I ___42___ my situation before finally saying the only seemingly ___43___ answer: “I’m Filipina.” I say, but inside I know that I have ___44___due to the fact that I am not Filipina, but Filipina-American. I’ve ___45___ with this issue my entire life. How two words can be so simple but still reflect so much ___46___ and complexity. Though ___47___ in between two cultures, I am completely Americanized, born in Texas, raised in Tennessee ___48___ still grasped under the values and ___49___ of a Filipino family. My mother and father immigrated to the States right after they were married. My father was studying to become a doctor, hopeful about the opportunities of a ____50____ new world. My mom: a young wife who had been ____51____ educated in a Catholic school under the ____52____ of nuns (修女) throughout her primary and undergraduate education. As I grew up and made friends, I saw the interaction between them and their mothers to be ____53____ different from the one with mine. Sometimes, I would get ____54____ of “disrespect” because of the language I talked with my mother and I never ____55____ it because when I saw my friends do the same and speak in the same ____56____. My liberal (自由) political beliefs cannot be ____57____ due to the strict upbringing of my mother, my interest in boys as a 16-year old girl are ____58____, the ideas that being a(an) ____59____ is the only way you can make a difference. Sure, not all Filipino parents are like this, but this sure isn’t what I ____60____ from America. 41．A．break away with B．catch sight of C．get down to D． come up with 42．A．reflect on B．give away C．leave out D．hand over 43．A．difficult B．reasonable C．ugly D．recognizable 44．A．survived B．failed C．lied D．agreed 45．A．struggled B．developed C．competed D．exchanged 46．A．trouble B．confusion C．fear D．fun 47．A．set B．found C．caught D．pushed 48．A．but B．and C．or D．so 49．A．fortune B．honor C．concerns D．traditions 50．A．shocking B．thrilling C．leading D．promising 51．A．directly B．illegally C．strictly D．naturally 52．A．guidance B．service C．direction D．attention 53．A．slightly B．completely C．generally D．mainly 54．A．informed B．reminded C．accused D．ashamed55．A．knew B．stopped C．understood D．ignored 56．A．manner B．sense C．position D．condition 57．A．charged B．tolerated C．observed D．avoided 58．A．encouraged B．prohibited C．reported D．predicted 59．A．student B．educator C．officer D．doctor 60．A．benefited B．suffered C．heard D．learned 41．D 42．A 43．B 44．C 45．A 46．B 47．C 48．A 49．D 50．D 51．C 52．A 53．B 54．C 55．C 56．A 57．B 58．B 59．D 60．D 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一个菲律宾裔美国人，虽然在美国长大，但仍然受到 菲律宾家庭价值观和传统的影响，她的自由主义、政治信仰在家里不被容忍。 41． 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我马上想到了一个词：菲律宾人。A. break away with脱离，摆脱；B. catch sight of(突然或刹那间)看见，发现；C. get down to开始干，着手做；D. come up with 想出，提出。根据上文“So what are you?”可知，其他人询问作者来自哪里，再结合空格后 “the word: Filipino”可知，当听到这个问题时，作者应该是想到了一个词：菲律宾人， “come up with”意为“想出，提出”，符合语境。故选D项。 42． 考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以每次我被问到同样的问题，我都会思考自己的处境，然后最 终说出唯一看似合理的答案：“我是菲律宾人。”A. reflect on思考，反省；B. give away捐 赠；C. leave out忽略；D. hand over转交。根据空格后“my situation”和下文“Filipina- American”可知，作者事实上是一个菲律宾裔美国人，由此可知，当被问来自哪里时，作者会 思考自己的处境，然后给出一个看似合理的答案。故选A项。 43． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以每次我被问到同样的问题，我都会思考自己的处境，然后 最终说出唯一看似合理的答案：“我是菲律宾人。”A. difficult困难的；B. reasonable合理的； C. ugly丑陋的；D. recognizable可识别的。根据下文“Filipina-American”可知，作者事实上是 一个菲律宾裔美国人，但不知道如何解释，由此可知，当被问道来自哪里时，作者给出一个 看似合理的答案，说自己是菲律宾人。故选B项。 44． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我这样说，但内心深处我知道我撒谎了，因为我不是菲律宾 人，而是菲律宾裔美国人。A. survived幸存；B. failed失败；C. lied说谎，撒谎；D. agreed同 意。根据句中“Filipina-American”可知，作者事实上是一个菲律宾裔美国人，但却对别人说 自己是菲律宾人，由此可知，作者知道自己撒谎了。故选C项。 45． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一辈子都在为这个问题挣扎。A. struggled挣扎，努力；B. developed发展；C. competed竞争；D. exchanged交换。根据上文内容可知，作者是一个菲律 宾裔美国人，但不知道如何解释这个问题，就撒谎对别人说自己是菲律宾人，因为这个问题 总会被问起，由此可知，作者一辈子都在为这个问题挣扎。故选A项。 46． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这两个词可能很简单，但仍然反映出这么多的困惑和复杂性。A. trouble麻烦；B. confusion困惑；C. fear害怕；D. fun乐趣。根据上文内容可知，作者因为不 知道如何解释自己是一个菲律宾裔美国人，就撒谎对别人说自己是菲律宾人，由此可知，“Filipina-American”这两个词给作者带来了困惑。故选B项。 47． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我陷入两种文化之间，但我完全被美国化了，出生在得克萨 斯州，在田纳西州长大，但仍然受到菲律宾家庭价值观和传统的影响。A. set设置；B. found 发现；C. caught抓住；D. pushed推动。根据句中“I am completely Americanized”和“still grasped under the values and _____ of a Filipino family”可知，作者完全被美国化了，但又受到 菲律宾家庭价值观的影响，由此可知，作者陷入两种文化之间，“be caught in”意为“陷 入……”，能够描述作者的处境。故选C项。 48． 考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然我陷入两种文化之间，但我完全被美国化了，出生在得克萨 斯州，在田纳西州长大，但仍然受到菲律宾家庭价值观和传统的影响。A. but但是；B. and 和；C. or或者；D. so所以。根据句意可知，句中“born in Texas, raised in Tennessee”和“still grasped under the values and _____ of a Filipino family”之间为转折关系，虽然出生在得克萨斯 州，在田纳西州长大，但仍然受到菲律宾家庭价值观的影响。故选A项。 49． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我陷入两种文化之间，但我完全被美国化了，出生在得克萨 斯州，在田纳西州长大，但仍然受到菲律宾家庭价值观和传统的影响。A. fortune财富；B. honor荣誉；C. concerns关心；D. traditions传统。根据文章最后一段中“my interest in boys as a 16-year old girl are…”可知，作为一个16岁的女孩，我对男孩的兴趣是被禁止的，由此可知， 我受到了菲律宾传统的影响。故选D项。 50． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我父亲正在学习成为一名医生，希望能够抓住这个机遇，进入 有前途的新世界。A. shocking令人震惊的；B. thrilling令人兴奋的；C. leading主要的；D. promising有前途的。根据句中“My father was studying to become a doctor”可知，父亲正在学 习成为一名医生，由此可知，因为成为医生会带父亲进入有前途的新世界，所以他才会努力 学习。故选D项。 51． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲：一位年轻的妻子，在小学到大学期间，她在修女的指 导下，在天主教学校接受了严格的教育。A. directly直接地；B. illegally非法地；C. strictly严 格地；D. naturally自然地。根据句中“in a Catholic school”和下文“my interest in boys as a 16-year old girl are…”可知，母亲是在天主教学校学习，下文又提到在我们家，作为一个16岁的 女孩，我对男孩的兴趣是被禁止的，由此可知，我们的家教很严，母亲在天主教学校接受了 严格的教育，文章最后一段“strict upbringing of my mother”中的“strict”也呼应了这一选项。 故选C项。 52． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲：一位年轻的妻子，在小学到大学期间，她在修女的指 导下，在天主教学校接受了严格的教育。A. guidance指导；B. service服务；C. direction方向； D. attention注意。根据句中“in a Catholic school”和“nuns”可知，母亲是在天主教学校学习， 结合生活常识可知，应该是在修女的指导下，“under the guidance of sb.”意为“在某人的指 导下”。故选A项。 53． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着我的成长和交朋友，我看到他们和他们母亲之间的互动与我 和我母亲之间的互动完全不同。A. slightly轻微地；B. completely完全地；C. generally一般地； D. mainly主要地。根据后文“I would get _____ of “disrespect” because of the language I talked with my mother”可知，我会因为和母亲说话的语言而被指责为“不尊重”，但我的朋友们都 是这样和母亲说话的，由此可知，我的朋友和他们母亲之间的互动与我和我母亲之间的互动 完全不同。故选B项。 54． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，我会被指责为“不尊重”，因为我和母亲说话的语言，我 从来都不明白这是为什么，因为我看到我的朋友也这么做，用同样的方式说话。A. informed 通知；B. reminded提醒；C. accused指责；D. ashamed羞愧的。根据句中“disrespect”可知， 母亲认为我说话的语言“不尊重”，由此可知，我是受到了母亲的指责。故选C项。 55． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，我会被指责为“不尊重”，因为我和母亲说话的语言，我 从来都不明白这是为什么，因为我看到我的朋友也这么做，用同样的方式说话。A. knew知 道；B. stopped停止；C. understood理解；D. ignored忽视。根据句中“I saw my friends do the same and speak in the same _____”可知，我看到我的朋友也这么做，用同样的方式说话，但没 有受到责备，由此可知，我不理解为什么母亲指责我的语言“不尊重”。故选C项。 56． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，我会被指责为“不尊重”，因为我和母亲说话的语言，我从来都不明白这是为什么，因为我看到我的朋友也这么做，用同样的方式说话。A. manner方 式；B. sense感觉；C. position位置；D. condition条件。根据上文“I saw the interaction between them and their mothers to be _____ different from the one with mine”可知，我的朋友和 他们母亲之间的互动与我和我母亲之间的互动完全不同，这里指的是说话的方式不同，由此 可知，句中指我看到我的朋友用同样的方式说话，但并没有受到指责。故选A项。 57． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的自由主义政治信仰是不能被容忍的，因为我母亲的严格教育， 我16岁时对男孩的兴趣是被禁止的，成为一名医生是你改变现状的唯一途径。A. charged收 （费）；B. tolerate容忍；C. observed观察；D. avoided避免。根据上文“I would get _____ of “disrespect” because of the language I talked with my mother”可知，我像其他美国孩子和母亲说 话的方式一样和我的母亲说话，但会被指责为“不尊重”，由此可知，我的自由主义政治信 仰是不能被母亲容忍的。故选B项。 58． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的自由主义政治信仰是不能被容忍的，因为我母亲的严格教育， 我16岁时对男孩的兴趣是被禁止的，成为一名医生是你改变现状的唯一途径。A. encouraged 鼓励；B. prohibited禁止；C. reported报道；D. predicted预测。根据句中“strict upbringing of my mother”可知，母亲对我的教育很严格，我的自由主义政治信仰是不能被容忍的，由此可 知，我16岁时对男孩的兴趣是被禁止的。故选B项。 59． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的自由主义政治信仰是不能被容忍的，因为我母亲的严格教育， 我16岁时对男孩的兴趣是被禁止的，成为一名医生是你改变现状的唯一途径。A. student学 生；B. educator教育学家；C. officer官员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“My father was studying to become a doctor, hopeful about the opportunities of a _____ new world”可知，我的父亲想成为 一名医生，因为他认为医生是有前途的，由此可知，母亲认为成为一名医生是我改变现状的 唯一途径。故选D项。 60． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，并不是所有的菲律宾人父母都是这样，但这肯定不是我从 美国学到的。A. benefited使受益；B. suffered遭受；C. heard听见；D. learned学到。根据上 文内容可知，我的美国朋友和家人说话的方式与我不同，他们更加自由，由此可知，我在家 里经历的规则不是我从美国学到的，而是受到菲律宾家庭价值观和传统的影响。故选D项。【模拟题 4】【2022·新疆师范大学附属中学一模】 My father drove a bus in San Antonio for 34 years. It’s the only___61___ I can remember him ever having. His clothes ___62___ -----at first, his uniform was brown-based, and then yellow- based; there was even a period when he was allowed to ___63___ jeans to work every day----- ___64___ his job is always the same. It’s him and the bus. For a few months, his ___65___ took him through the neighborhood where we lived. It was a (n) ___66___ time for me. I’d be outside with my ___67___ playing basketball or football. When the bus would ___68___, someone would say, “Look! It’s Shea’s dad!” Then we’d watch___69___. It was the proudest moment of my childhood. Sometimes, we’d ____70____the bus and ride around with him for 10 minutes. He would teach me something. For example, experienced bus drivers____71____ the horn (喇叭)in this way when there’s a lot of foot traffic. Just give it a ____72____blow. Not enough that you get the full strength of the horn, which is very loud and ____73____, but enough that you can ____74____ it. They do that as a way to announce the bus to people who might not____75____ it. I always thought it was so cool to see my dad ____76____ such a huge vehicle. As I grew older, though, I realized how____77____ it was that he could deal with the human element of the job. A week or two into a new route, he’d know the people who ____78____rode his bus, and the right things to say and do with everyone. I didn’t fully ____79____ how he made it in those days, but now I can figure out his work ____80____: the pride he takes in doing even the tiniest thing in his life. 61．A．job B．test C．lesson D．number 62．A．fit B．shine C．change D．disappear 63．A．sell B．wear C．wash D．mend 64．A．if B．so C．or D．but 65．A．team B．show C．route D．project 66．A．difficult B．reasonable C．horrible D．excellent 67．A．friends B．parents C．kids D．pets 68．A．warm up B．ride by C．pull out D．break down 69．A．in turn B．on guard C．with envy D．at random 70．A．board B．miss C．drive D．repair71．A．avoid B．watch C．fix D．sound 72．A．real B．light C．sharp D．final 73．A．familiar B．lively C．annoying D．discouraging 74．A．hear B．see C．touch D．smell 75．A．greet B．admire C．notice D．believe 76．A．put up with B．look forward to C．pay attention to D．take control of 77．A．impressive B．embarrassing C．sensitive D．interesting 78．A．hardly B．regularly C．suddenly D．secretly 79．A．admit B．understand C．discuss D．remember 80．A．centers B．rates C．schedules D．principles 61．A 62．C 63．B 64．D 65．C 66．D 67．A 68．B 69．C 70．A 71．D 72．B 73．C 74．A 75．C 76．D 77．A 78．B 79．B 80．D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者父亲是一名公交车司机，以及作者对父亲工作的羡 慕与理解。 61． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我唯一记得他做过的工作。A. job工作；B. test测试；C. lesson课；D. number数字。根据“My father drove a bus in San Antonio for 34 years.”可知，作 者唯一记得父亲做过的工作就是开公交车。故选A。 62． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的衣服会改变——一开始，他的制服是棕色的，然后是黄色的； A. fit适合；B. shine照耀；C. change改变；D. disappear消失。根据“at first, his uniform was brown-based, and then yellow-based;”可知，作者父亲的衣服会改变。故选C。 63． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：甚至有一段时间，他被允许每天穿牛仔裤上班，但他的工作总是 一样的。A. sell卖；B. wear穿；C. wash洗；D. mend修补。根据“his uniform was brown- based, and then yellow-based;”和“jeans to work every day”可知，父亲穿牛仔裤上班。故选B。 64． 考查连词词义辨析。句意：甚至有一段时间，他被允许每天穿牛仔裤上班，但他的工作总是 一样的。A. if如果；B. so因此；C. or或者；D. but但是。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转 折连词。故选D。 65． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有几个月，他的路线带着他穿过我们住的社区。A. team队；B. show表演；C. route路线；D. project项目。根据“took him through the neighborhood where we lived.”和常识可知，公交车有固定的路线。故选C。 66． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是一段极好的时光。A. difficult困难的；B. reasonable合理的；C. horrible可怕的；D. excellent极好的。根据“It was the proudest moment of my childhood.”可知，父亲开公交车穿过作者住的社区，对作者来说是一段极好的时光。故 选D。 67． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我会和朋友们在外面打篮球或踢足球。 A. friends朋友；B. parents父母；C. kids孩子；D. pets宠物。根据“When the bus would 8 , someone would say, “Look! It’s Shea’s dad!””可知，作者和朋友一起打篮球或踢足球。故选A。68． 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当公共汽车经过时，有人会说：“看!谢伊的爸爸!”A. warm up变暖；B. ride by经过；C. pull out拔出；D. break down抛锚。根据“For a few months, his 5 took him through the neighborhood where we lived.”可知，作者父亲开公交车经过作者住 的社区。故选B。 69． 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：然后我们羡慕地看着。A. in turn轮流；B. on guard值班；C. with envy带着羡慕；D. at random随便地。根据“It was the proudest moment of my childhood.” 可知，作者和朋友都羡慕地看着开公交车的父亲。故选C。 70． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，我们会坐上公交车，和他一起坐上10分钟。 A. board 登(飞机、车、船等) ；B. miss错过；C. drive驾驶；D. repair修理。根据“and ride around with him for 10 minutes.”可知，作者和朋友会登上公交车。故选A。 71． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，有经验的公交车司机在行人很多的时候会用这种方式按喇 叭。A. avoid避免；B. watch观看；C. fix修理；D. sound发出声音。根据“when there’s a lot of foot traffic.”可知，行人很多的时候，公交司机会用按喇叭方式发出声音提醒行人。故选 D。 72． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：轻轻按一下就行了。A. real真正的；B. light轻的；C. sharp敏 锐的；D. final最后的。根据“Not enough that you get the full strength of the horn, which is very loud and 1 3 , but enough that you can 1 4 it.”可知，喇叭只需要轻轻按一下。 故选B。 73． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这还不足以让你得到喇叭的全部力量，这是非常响亮和烦人的， 但足以让你听到它。 A. familiar熟悉的；B. lively活泼的；C. annoying恼人的；D. discouraging令人气馁的。根据“which is very loud”可知，喇叭声音大的话会非常响亮和烦人 的。故选C。 74． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这还不足以让你得到喇叭的全部力量，这是非常响亮和烦人的，但足以让你听到它。A. hear听到；B. see看见；C. touch触摸；D. smell闻到。根据“Not enough that you get the full strength of the horn, which is very loud and 1 3 ,”可知，喇叭 声音要正好足以能够听到它。故选A。 75． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们这样做是为了向可能不会注意到巴士的人告示。A. greet打招 呼；B. admire羡慕；C. notice注意；D. believe相信。根据“They do that as a way to announce the bus to people”可知，公交司机用这种按喇叭的方式提醒行人注意。故选C。 76． 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我一直觉得看到我爸爸控制这么一辆大车很酷。A. put up with容忍；B. look forward to盼望；C. pay attention to注意；D. take control of控制。根据“I always thought it was so cool”可知，作者认为父亲控制这么一辆大车很酷。故选D。 77． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着年龄的增长，我意识到他能处理好工作中的人性化 因素是多么令人印象深刻。A. impressive让人深刻印象的；B. embarrassing令人为难的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. interesting有趣的。根据“it was that he could deal with the human element of the job.”可知，作者意识到父亲能处理好工作中的人性化因素让人印象深刻。故选A。 78． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在新路线上呆上一两个星期，他就会知道那些经常乘坐他的公共 汽车的人，知道该和每个人说什么、做什么。A. hardly几乎不；B. regularly有规律地；经常 地；C. suddenly突然；D. secretly秘密地。根据“and the right things to say and do with everyone.”可知，这里指父亲会记得那些经常乘坐他的公共汽车的乘客。故选B。 79． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时我还不完全理解他是怎么做到的，但现在我明白了他的工作 原则：他为自己做了生活中最微小的事情而感到骄傲。A. admit承认；B. understand理解；C. discuss讨论；D. remember记得。根据“but now I can figure out his work 2 0 : the pride he takes in doing even the tiniest thing in his life.”可知，作者起初并不明白父亲怎么做到这些的。 故选B。 80． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时我还不完全理解他是怎么做到的，但现在我明白了他的工作 原则：他为自己做了生活中最微小的事情而感到骄傲。A. centers中心；B. rates速度；C.schedules时间表；D. principles原则。根据“the pride he takes in doing even the tiniest thing in his life.”可知，作者现在明白了父亲的工作原则。故选D。 【模拟题 5】【2022·浙江·安吉县高级中学模拟预测】 Sitting in the classroom, I felt confused. Our teacher pointed at the blackboard and gave us instructions. Looking around, I watched as my classmates ___81___ their heads and started writing. A wave of ___82___ washed over me-I couldn’t read the board, for I couldn’t see clearly. It didn’t ___83___ at primary school because my teachers always read aloud what they were writing. But now, I was expected to read by myself. Mum took me to a(n) ___84___. I was diagnosed with a terrible sight problem. I was ___85___ blind. However, despite all the difficulties, I’d amazingly ___86___ to reach the age of 13! As a kid living on a farm, I was always falling over objects. I could only ___87___ the outlines of things and contrasts between different shades. I was given reading ___88___ but they didn’t help much. ___89___ to let my diagnosis hold me back, I continued doing everything I loved, including milking the cows. Over the years, I’ve ____90____ lovely family holidays, but sometimes felt like my families were being too ____91____ to me. So I was thrilled when I heard about a travel company that takes those who are blind or have poor ____92____ Aussie adventures without families’ company. ____93____, I booked myself onto a trip to the ____94____. It was amazing to appreciate places, such as the beach and seaside theme parks, with ____95____ who were just like me. And the incredible guides were great at ____96____ us through all the way while making sure we had a fun and ____97____ time. Since then, I’ve travelled with them a lot. While we can’t see the sights like others, our ____98____ take us to awesome places. I don’t want people to feel sorry for me. I’m so lucky to have a wonderful family and lots of ____99____. Life is ____100____-you don’t need vision to “see” that. 81．A．raised B．lowered C．turned D．shook 82．A．regret B．passion C．panic D．courage 83．A．relate B．change C．happen D．matter 84．A．doctor B．teacher C．engineer D．architect 85．A．entirely B．frequently C．hopefully D．nearly 86．A．managed B．decided C．expected D．preferred87．A．bring out B．turn out C．make out D．work out 88．A．classes B．glasses C．apps D．skills 89．A．Anxious B．Delighted C．Sorry D．Unwilling 90．A．launched B．enjoyed C．organized D．avoided 91．A．generous B．tolerant C．protective D．trustworthy 92．A．vision B．intelligence C．confidence D．pay 93．A．Puzzled B．Confused C．Touched D．Excited 94．A．downtown B．coast C．village D．countryside 95．A．classmates B．colleagues C．tourists D．families 96．A．supporting B．lecturing C．pushing D．persuading 97．A．easy B．short C．simple D．safe 98．A．education B．wisdom C．imagination D．confidence 99．A．adventures B．lessons C．actions D．experiments 100．A．peaceful B．precious C．plain D．permanent 81．B 82．C 83．D 84．A 85．D 86．A 87．C 88．B 89．D 90．B 91．C 92．A 93．D 94．B 95．C 96．A 97．D 98．C99．A 100．B 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在上学期间得了非常严重的眼病，导致几乎看不见东西。 但是作者并没有让困难打倒，依然去做喜欢的事情，和像他一样的人们去旅行，感受生命的 意义。 81． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：环顾四周，我看到同学们低下头开始写作。A. raised 举起；B. lowered 降低；C. turned 转动；D. shook摇晃。根据下文“ started writing”可知，上课的时 候同学们低下头开始写。故选B。 82． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一阵恐慌席卷了我——我看不清黑板，因为我看不清楚。A. regret遗憾；B. passion激情；C. panic 恐慌；D. courage勇气。根据下文“I couldn't read the board, for I couldn't see clearly. ”可知，因为我看不清楚了，我不能看清黑板了，所以我感到一 阵恐慌。故选C。 83． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这在小学并不重要，因为我的老师总是大声朗读他们写的东西。 A. relate 联系；B. change 变化；C. happen 发生；D. matter重要。根据下文“because my teachers always read aloud what they were writing.”可知，在小学时，老师会大声读出我们正在 写的东西，所以看不看黑板并不重要。故选D。 84． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：妈妈带我去看医生。A. doctor 医生；B. teacher 老师；C. engineer工程师；D. architect 建筑师。根据下文“I was diagnosed with a terrible sight problem. ”可知我去看了医生，被诊断出严重的视力问题。故选A。 85． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我几乎失明了。 A. entirely 完全地；B. frequently 频繁地；C. hopefully 有希望地；D. nearly 几乎。根据上文“I was diagnosed with a terrible sight problem. ”可知，我被诊断出严重的视力问题，我几乎失明了。故选D。 86． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管困难重重，我还是奇迹般地到了13岁！ A. managed管理；B. decided 决定；C. expected 期望；D. preferred 更喜欢。根据上文“However, despite all the difficulties”可知，尽管有很多的困难，但是我还是奇迹的长到了13岁。manage to do sth. “设法做成某事”。故选A。 87． 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我只能分辨出事物的轮廓和不同色调之间的对比。A. bring out拿 出；B. turn out 结果是；C. make out 辨认出；D. work out锻炼，想出。根据上文“As a kid living on a farm, I was always falling over objects. ”可知，我看不清，会被东西绊倒，由此推知 只能分辨出事务的轮廓。故选C。 88． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人给了我一副阅读眼镜，但没有多大帮助。A. classes 课程； B. glasses眼镜；C. apps 应用程序； D. skills 技能。根据语境可知，我看不清楚东西，所以 有人给了我眼镜帮助阅读。故选B。 89． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不愿意让我的诊断阻碍我，我继续做我喜欢的一切，包括挤奶。 A. Anxious 焦虑的；B. Delighted 高兴的；C. Sorry 抱歉的；D. Unwilling 不愿意的。根据 下文“I continued doing everything I loved, including milking the cows.”可知，我不愿意身体上 的障碍阻碍，我依然做我喜欢的一切。故选D。 90． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直享受着美好的家庭假期，但有时我觉得我的家人对我过于 保护。A. launched 发射；B. enjoyed 享受；C. organized 组织；D. avoided 避免。根据上文 “I continued doing everything I loved, including milking the cows.”可知，我做我喜欢做的事情， 几年来，我一直享受着家庭假期。故选B。 91． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直享受着美好的家庭假期，但有时我觉得我的家人对我过 于保护。A. generous 感慨的； B. tolerant 宽容的；C. protective 保护的；D. trustworthy 值 得信赖的。根据语境可知，我的眼睛看不清楚，所以我的家人会更加保护我。故选C。 92． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，当我听说一家旅游公司在没有家人陪伴的情况下带着盲人 或视力差的澳大利亚人冒险时，我非常激动。A. vision 视力；B. intelligence 智力；C. confidence 自信；D. pay 支付。根据上文“who are blind”可知，这家旅游公司带着盲人或视力差的人去旅行。故选A。 93． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我兴奋地预订了去海边的旅行。A. Puzzled迷惑的；B. Confused困惑的；C. Touched 感动的；D. Excited 兴奋的。根据上文“So I was thrilled ”可知， 当听说一家旅游公司在没有家人陪伴的情况下带着盲人或视力差的澳大利亚人冒险时，我非 常激动。所以我报名旅游的心情是激动的。故选D。 94． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我兴奋地预订了去海边的旅行。A. downtown 市区；B. coast 海 岸；C. village 村庄；D. countryside 乡下。根据下文“such as the beach and seaside theme parks”可知，我去了预定了去海边的旅行。故选B。 95． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：和像我一样的游客一起去欣赏海滩和海滨主题公园这样的地方真 是太棒了。A. classmates 同学；B. colleagues 同事；C. tourists 游客；D. families 家庭。根 据上文可知，我是报名了旅行团，所以是和像我一样看不见东西的游客一起。故选C。 96． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些令人难以置信的导游在全程支持我们的同时，也确保了我们 度过了一段快乐而安全的时光。A. supporting 支持；B. lecturing 讲座；C. pushing 推动；D. persuading 劝说。根据常识和下文“through all the way”可知，导游们一路上都帮助我们，也 很好的支持我们。故选A。 97． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些令人难以置信的导游在全程支持我们的同时，也确保了我 们度过了一段快乐而安全的时光。A. easy 简单的；B. short 短的；C. simple 简单的；D. safe 安全的。根据常识可知，我们看不见，所以导游们既要我们玩的高兴，又要确保我们安 全。故选D。 98． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们不能像其他人一样看到风景，但我们的想象力将我们带 到了很棒的地方。A. education 教育；B. wisdom 智慧；C. imagination想象力；D. confidence 自信心。根据上文“While we can’t see the sights like others”可知，我们虽然看不见， 但是我们有非常棒的想象力。故选C。 99．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很幸运有一个美好的家庭和很多冒险。A. adventures 冒险；B. lessons 课程；C. actions 行动；D. experiments 实验。根据语境可知，我遇到了能让我这样 看不清的人的去旅行的旅行团，所以我很幸运，我有很多的旅行和冒险。故选A。 100． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生活是宝贵的，你不需要用眼睛去“看到”它。A. peaceful 和 平的；B. precious 珍贵的；C. plain 平的；D. permanent 永久的。根据文章内容可知，虽然 我看不见，但是我依然热爱生活，认为生活是珍贵的。故选B。 【模拟题 6】【2022·天津滨海新·模拟预测】 British Cycling had recently hired Dave Brailsford as its new director. At the time, professional cyclists in Great Britain had ____101____ nearly one hundred years of mediocrity(平庸). In fact, their____102____ had been so poor that one of the top bike companies in Europe ____103____ to sell bikes to the team because they were afraid that it would hurt sales if other professionals saw the British people using their bikes. What made Brailsford different from previous coaches was his____104____ of searching for a tiny improvement in everything they do. The whole principle came from the idea that if you____105____ everything you could think of that goes into riding a bike, improve it by 1 percent and you will get a____106____ increase when you put them all together. Brailsford and his coaches began by making small____107____. They redesigned the bike seats to make them more____108____. They asked riders to wear electrically heated over-shorts to ____109____ ideal muscle temperature while riding and used biofeedback sensors to ____110____how each athlete responded to a particular workout. But they didn’t stop there.They____111____ to find 1 percent improvements in overlooked areas. They hired a(n)____112____ to teach each rider the best way to wash their hands to reduce the ____113____ of catching a cold. They even painted the ____114____ of the team truck white, which helped them ____115____little bits of dust that would normally slip by ____116____ but could affect the performance of the____117____tuned bikes. As these and hundreds of other small improvements were ____118____, the results came faster than anyone could have ____119____. Just five years after Brailsford took over, they____120____ the road and track cycling events in all the important Games.101．A．lost B．enjoyed C．showed D．suffered 102．A．score B．track C．performance D．model 103．A．failed B．refused C．expected D．pretended 104．A．promise B．opinion C．dream D．philosophy 105．A．broke down B．took down C．put up D．gave away 106．A．flexible B．temporary C．significant D．random 107．A．differences B．adjustments C．programs D．efforts 108．A．attractive B．empty C．soft D．comfortable 109．A．maintain B．raise C．reduce D．discover 110．A．change B．monitor C．manage D．produce 111．A．continued B．happened C．learned D．bothered 112．A．coach B．secretary C．assistant D．surgeon 113．A．sessions B．chances C．records D．reactions 114．A．tyres B．roof C．inside D．seats 115．A．gather B．recognize C．spot D．send 116．A．surrounded B．unnoticed C．removed D．discovered 117．A．finely B．initially C．slightly D．positively 118．A．took off B．picked up C．built up D．got off 119．A．achieved B．remembered C．mentioned D．imagined 120．A．dominated B．witnessed C．celebrated D．attended 101．D 102．C 103．B 104．D 105．A 106．C 107．B 108．D 109．A 110．B 111．A 112．D113．B 114．C 115．C 116．B 117．A 118．C 119．D 120．A 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国的自行车赛车队雇佣了Brailsford主管。该主管以一 点点进步与改善为人生信条，在各方面不断改进，使得该车队在五年时间里，在重要的赛事 中有了自己的一席之地。 101． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，英国的职业自行车手遭受了近百年的平庸。A. lost失去； B. enjoyed喜爱；C. showed展示；D. suffered遭受。通过下文“nearly one hundred years of mediocrity”以及“they were afraid that it would hurt sales if other professionals saw the Brits using their bikes”可推知，此处指英国的职业自行车手被人看不起，遭受了近百年的平庸。故选 D。 102． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他们的表现一直很差，以至于欧洲一家顶级自行车公司 拒绝向车队出售自行车，因为他们担心，如果其他专业人士看到英国人在使用他们的自行车， 会影响销售。A. score分数；B. track踪迹；C. performance表现；D. model模型。通过下文 “had been so poor”以及“they were afraid that it would hurt sales if other professionals saw the Brits using their bikes”可推知，此处指英国的职业自行车手的表现很差。故选C。 103． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意：事实上，他们的表现一直很差，以至于欧洲一家顶级自行 车公司拒绝向车队出售自行车，因为他们担心，如果其他专业人士看到英国人在使用他们的 自行车，会影响销售。A. failed失败；B. refused拒绝；C. expected预期；D. pretended假装。 通过下文“they were afraid that it would hurt sales”可推知，此处指自行车公司拒绝向车队出售 自行车，因为他们担心会影响销售。故选B。104． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：与之前的教练不同，Brailsford的人生观是在他们所做的每一件事 上都寻求微小的改进。A. promise诺言；B. opinion观点；C. dream梦想；D. philosophy人生 观。通过下文“of searching for a tiny improvement in everything they do”可推知，此处指 Brailsford的人生观与之前的教练不同。故选D。 105． 考查动词短语辨析。句意：整个原则来自于这样一个想法，如果你把你能想到的骑自行车的 所有东西分解，提高1%，当你把它们放在一起时，你会得到显著的提高。A. broke down分 解；B. took down取下；C. put up建造；D. gave away赠送。通过下文“when you put them all together”可推知，此处指分解各个领域并不断改进，再放在一起。故选A。 106． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：整个原则来自于这样一个想法，如果你把你能想到的骑自行车 的所有东西分解，提高1%，当你把它们放在一起时，你会得到显著的提高。A. flexible灵活 的；B. temporary暂时的；C. significant显著的；D. random随意的。通过上文“if you broke down everything you could think of that goes into riding a bike, improve it by 1 percent and you will get”以及下文“increase”可推知，此处指分解各个领域并逐一提升，最后可以得到显著的提高。 故选C。 107． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Brailsford和他的教练们从一些小的调整开始。A. differences差异； B. adjustments调整；C. programs程序；D. efforts努力。通过下文“They redesigned the bike seats”以及“asked riders to wear electrically heated over-shorts”可推知，此处指Brailsford和他 的教练们做了一些小的调整。故选B。 108． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们重新设计了自行车座椅，使其更舒适。A. attractive吸引人 的；B. empty空的；C. soft柔软的；D. comfortable舒适的。通过上文“redesigned the bike seats to make them more”可推知，此处指Brailsford和教练们重新设计了自行车车座，使其更 舒适。故选D。 109． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们要求骑手在骑行时穿上电热短裤以保持理想的肌肉温度，并 使用生物反馈传感器监测每位运动员对特定训练的反应。A. maintain保持；B. raise提升；C.reduce减少；D. discover发现。通过上文“to wear electrically heated over-shorts”以及下文 “ideal muscle temperature”可推知，此处指Brailsford和教练们要求骑手穿上电热短裤以保持 理想的肌肉温度。故选A。 110． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们要求骑手在骑行时穿上电热短裤以保持理想的肌肉温度，并 使用生物反馈传感器监测每位运动员对特定训练的反应。A. change改变；B. monitor监控； C. manage管理；D. produce生产。通过上文“used biofeedback sensors”以及下文“how each athlete responded to a particular workout”可推知，此处指使用生物反馈传感器监测运动员的反 应。故选B。 111． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他们并没有就此止步，他们继续在被忽视的地方找出1%的改 善。A. continued继续；B. happened发生；C. learned学习；D. bothered打扰。通过上文“But they didn’t stop there”以及下文“to find 1 percent improvements”可推知，此处指Brailsford和教 练们并没有就此止步，而是继续寻找改善。故选A。 112． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们聘请了一名外科医生来教每位骑手洗手的最佳方法，以降低 患感冒的可能性。A. coach教练；B. secretary秘书；C. assistant助理；D. surgeon外科医生。 通过下文“teach each rider the best way to wash their hands”以及“catching a cold”可推知，此 处指Brailsford和教练们为车队请了一个医生教骑手洗手，来预防感冒。故选D。 113． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们聘请了一名外科医生来教每位骑手洗手的最佳方法，以降低 患感冒的可能性。A. sessions会议；B. chances可能性；C. records记录；D. reactions反应。 通过下文“the best way to wash their hands to reduce”以及“catching a cold”可推知，教骑手洗 手的最佳方法是为了降低患感冒的可能性。故选B。 114． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至把车队卡车的内部漆成白色，这有助于他们发现一些灰 尘，这些通常会不被注意到的灰尘，它可能会影响到这些经过精确调校的自行车的性能。A. tyres轮胎；B. roof顶部；C. inside里面；D. seats座位。通过下文“affect the performance of the ___17___ tuned bikes”可推知，将卡车漆成白色是为了尽可能不影响到调校的自行车的性 能，自行车应在卡车里面，所以被漆成白色的应该是卡车的内部。故选C。115． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至把车队卡车的内部漆成白色，这有助于他们发现一些通 常会不被注意到的灰尘，它可能会影响到这些经过精确调校的自行车的性能。A. gather聚集； B. recognize认出；C. spot发现；D. send邮寄。通过上文“helped them”以及下文“little bits of dust”可推知，此处指把卡车的内部漆成白色有助于发现一些灰尘。故选C。 116． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至把车队卡车的内部漆成白色，这有助于他们发现一些 通常会不被注意到的灰尘，它可能会影响到这些经过精确调校的自行车的性能。A. surrounded被……环绕着的；B. unnoticed未被注意到的；C. removed移除的；D. discovered 被发现的。通过上文“little bits of dust that would normally slip”以及下文“but could affect the performance”可推知，此处指灰尘经常不被注意到，但是它会产生影响。故选B。 117． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至把车队卡车的内部漆成白色，这有助于他们发现一些通 常会不被注意到的灰尘，它可能会影响到这些经过精确调校的自行车的性能。A. finely精确 地；B. initially最初地；C. slightly轻微地；D. positively肯定地。结合语境，再通过下文 “tuned bikes”可推知，此处指车队的自行车经过精确地调校，所以细小的灰尘也会使其受到 影响。故选A。 118． 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些和其他数以百计的小改进累积起来，效果出现的比任何人想 象的都要快。A. took off脱下；B. picked up拾起；C. built up累积；D. got off下车。通过上文 “As these and hundreds of other small improvement”以及下文“the results came faster”可推知， 此处指许多的小的改进累积起来，见效很快。故选C。 119． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些和其他数以百计的小改进累积起来，效果出现的比任何人想 象的都要快。A. achieved达到；B. remembered记得；C. mentioned提到；D. imagined想象。 通过上文“the results came faster than anyone could have”可推知，此处指许多的小的改进累积 起来，效果比任何人想象的都要好，结果出现的比任何人想象的都要快。故选D。 120． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Brailsford接管后仅仅5年，他们就在所有重要赛事的公路和场 地自行车项目中占据了主要地位。A. dominated在……中占主要地位；B. witnessed见证；C.celebrated庆祝；D. attended参加。通过上文“the results came faster than anyone could have imagined”以及下文“the road and track cycling events in all the important Games”可推知，此处 指Brailsford接管车队仅仅五年，他注重细节的做法就让车队在所有重要赛事的公路和场地自 行车项目中占据了主要地位。故选A。 【模拟题 7】【2022·河南·二模】 A woman professor was giving a lesson to her students on stress management. As she ____121____ a glass of water, everyone in the class ____122____ they would be asked the “half- empty or half-full” question. ____123____, that was not the case. With a smile on her face, she asked the students, “How much do you think this glass of water weighs?” Answers called out ____124____ from eight to twenty ounces(盎司). She quieted the students down and then responded, “The absolute weight doesn’t ____125____. But it counts how long you hold it. If I hold it for a minute, it is OK. If I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my ____126____. If I hold it for a day, my arm will feel numb. In each case, the ____127____ of the glass of water doesn’t change, but the ____128____ I hold it, the heavier it becomes. Why?” Lost in ____129____, all the students kept silent and listened to the professor carefully. “Our stresses and ______130______ in life are like that glass of water. If we ______131______ our burdens all the time, sooner or later, we will feel exhausted, even unable to ______132______.” ______133______ you have to do is put all your burdens down, as ______134______ in the evening as possible. Don’t carry them through the evening into the night; by doing this, we can get ______135______ next morning and are ______136______ to move forward. More often than not, life gets terrible when we ______137______ too much. And the moment you ______138______ your burdens, you’ll find yourself feeling so much more relaxed. So rather than being upset and feeling ______139______ for yourself, start doing something about it. After all, life is too short to ______140______ yourself to anything that is not making you happy. 121．A．raised B．indicated C．pulled D．stressed 122．A．wondered B．agreed C．expected D．argued 123．A．Meanwhile B．However C．Anyhow D．Therefore 124．A．read B．ranged C．replied D．seized125．A．fade B．exist C．increase D．matter 126．A．stomach B．toe C．fingernail D．arm 127．A．shape B．weight C．position D．size 128．A．longer B．deeper C．fewer D．further 129．A．thought B．fantasies C．dreams D．discussion 130．A．doubts B．joys C．surprises D．worries 131．A．cover B．hide C．carry D．show 132．A．pick up B．carry on C．work out D．take in 133．A．Anything B．Nothing C．All D．Something 134．A．early B．eagerly C．quickly D．naturally 135．A．depressed B．entertained C．refreshed D．amazed 136．A．able B．anxious C．passive D．thankful 137．A．rest B．fear C．get D．think 138．A．put up with B．catch up with C．look down on D．let go of 139．A．greedy B．confused C．sorry D．happy 140．A．treat B．abandon C．drive D．help 121．A 122．C 123．B 124．B 125．D 126．D 127．B 128．A 129．A 130．D 131．C 132．B 133．C 134．A 135．C 136．A137．D 138．D 139．C 140．B 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过女教授让学生观察一杯水的重量的事例告诉读者：我们只有 卸下压力和负担，才能活得更轻松。 121． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她举起一杯水时，班上的每个人都认为他们会被问到“半空还 是半满”的问题。A. raised筹集，举起；B. indicated表明；C. pulled拉；D. stressed强调。根 据下文“But it counts how long you hold it.”可知，老师举起一杯水。故选A。 122． 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. wondered想知道；B. agreed同意；C. expected期待，预期； D. argued争论。根据“they would be asked the “half-empty or half-full” question”可知，学生们 预期老师会问的问题。故选C。 123． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，事实并非如此。A. Meanwhile与此同时；B. However然而； C. Anyhow无论如何，不管怎样；D. Therefore因此。根据“that was not the case.”可知，上下 文是转折关系。故选B。 124． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：答案从8盎司到20盎司不等。A. read阅读；B. ranged（在一定范 围内）变化，变动；C. replied回复；D. seized抓住。根据“from eight to twenty ounces”可知， 喊出的答案在8盎司到20盎司之间变动。range from…to…为固定短语，意为“从……到…… 的范围”。故选B。 125． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她让学生们安静下来，然后回答说:“绝对重量不重要。”A. fade 逐渐消失；B. exist存在；C. increase增长；D. matter重要。根据“But it counts how long you hold it.”可知，空处和“counts”对应。故选D。 126． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我拿着它一个小时，我的手臂就会疼。A. stomach胃；B. toe脚趾；C. fingernail指甲；D. arm手臂。根据“If I hold it for a day, my arm will feel numb.”可知， 此处是信息词arm的词汇复现。故选D。 127． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每种情况下，一杯水的重量都不会改变，但我拿它越久，它就 变得越重。A. shape形状；B. weight重量；C. position位置；D. size尺寸。根据“the glass of water doesn’t change”可知，水的重量没有改变。故选B。 128． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. longer更长的；B. deeper更深的；C. fewer更少的；D. further更进一步的。根据“If I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my 6 . If I hold it for a day, my arm will feel numb.”可知，举起杯子的时间越长，它就变得越重。故选A。 129． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的学生都陷入沉思，保持沉默，仔细地听教授讲课。 A. thought想法；B. fantasies幻想，想象；C. dreams梦想；D. discussion讨论。根据上文“In each case, the 7 of the glass of water doesn’t change, but the 8 I hold it, the heavier it becomes. Why?””可知，老师提出疑问，学生陷入沉思。lost in thought为固定短语， 意为“陷入沉思”。故选A。 130． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们生活中的压力和担忧就像那杯水。A. doubts怀疑；B. joys快 乐；C. surprises惊喜；D. worries担心。空处和“stresses”并列，表示“担心”。故选D。 131． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们一直背负着负担，迟早会感到筋疲力尽，甚至无法继续 下去。A. cover覆盖；B. hide隐藏；C. carry携带；D. show展示。根据“burdens all the time” 可知，如果一致背负着负担，迟早会筋疲力尽。故选C。 132． 考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. pick up捡起，开车接送；B. carry on继续；C. work out计 算出，锻炼；D. take in吸收，理解。根据“sooner or later, we will feel exhausted”和“even”可 知，此处表示甚至生活都无法继续。故选B。 133． 考查代词词义辨析。句意：你所要做的就是把你所有的负担都放下，越早越好。A. Anything 任何事情；B. Nothing没有什么；C. All一切；D. Something一些事情。根据“put all your burdens down”可知，你所要做的就是把你所有的负担都放下。故选C。134． 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. early早地；B. eagerly渴望地；C. quickly迅速地；D. naturally自然地。根据“Don’t carry them through the evening into the night”可知，要尽早放下 负担。故选A。 135． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要把它们从晚上带到夜里；这样做，我们第二天早上就能精 神焕发，继续前进。A. depressed沮丧的；B. entertained娱乐的；C. refreshed神清气爽的；D. amazed惊讶的。根据“Don’t carry them through the evening into the night”可知，这样做以后第 二天会神清气爽。故选C。 136． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. able能够的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. passive消极的；D. thankful感激的。根据“move forward”可知，尽早放下负担才能继续前进。故选A。 137． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们想得太多时，生活往往变得糟糕。A. rest休息；B. fear害 怕；C. get得到；D. think认为。根据下文“And the moment you 1 8 your burdens, you’ll find yourself feeling so much more relaxed.”可知，想得太多，不能放下负担生活往往变 得糟糕。故选D。 138． 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你卸下负担的那一刻，你会发现自己感到轻松多了。A. put up with忍受；B. catch up with追上，赶上；C. look down on轻视，看不起；D. let go of释放。根 据“you’ll find yourself feeling so much more relaxed.”可知，放下负担，就会变得轻松。故选 D。 139． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，与其为自己感到难过和抱歉，不如开始做点什么。 A. greedy贪婪的；B. confused困惑的；C. sorry抱歉的；D. happy高兴的。feel sorry for为固 定短语，表示“为……难过，遗憾”。故选C。 140． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，生命太短，不要把自己沉溺在那些不让自己快乐的事情上。 A. treat对待，治疗；B. abandon废弃；C. drive驾驶；D. help帮助。Abandon oneself to为固 定短语，意为“沉溺于”。根据“anything that is not making you happy.”可知，不要让自己沉 溺于不开心的事情。故选B。【模拟题 8】【2022·全国·模拟预测】 The only thing I ever stole in my life was a book. I was six years old and it was the most beautiful thing I'd ever seen, bound in wonderful red Moroccan leather. No one would read it in a million years — it was about the abolition (废除) of slavery — but it was____141____because I learned to read with it. I was born in South Africa and____142____in an orphanage (孤儿院). The first thing I ever remember is being hit. A temporary teacher called Miss Bornstein was the first person to take a(n)____143____in me. I trusted her and I asked her to help me read that____144____book. She must have thought there was____145____in this little kid, for she agreed. From then on, she sent me a book a month and it____146____my life. Through books, I could escape the orphanage, in my head____147____, and go anywhere a story took me. Reading____148____me and I finished up winning a____149____to an expensive boarding school._____150_____reading, I'd have become a railway repairman or a drunk. I used to invent stories and serialize (连载) them for the bullies, in exchange for not being_____151_____. The very first book I totally_____152_____was Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens, which I read when I was about nine years old. Like me, he was alone, poor and led an_____153_____life. So here was this excellent story about someone in a hopeless situation, yet things_____154_____well. It gave me_____155_____. Probably the most_____156_____book I've read is The Pearl by John Steinbeck. It's very short —and I've read thousands of books since — but it was the first time I_____157_____saw how beautiful words could be, and how astonishing a story could be. It has a great_____158_____about a young Mexican couple who discover an incredible pearl. Greed is a theme, but_____159_____, it's one of those stories that tells you everything about life. If you want to know the truth, there is one place you can go—_____160_____. 141．A．boring B．magic C．difficult D．popular 142．A．observed B．locked C．raised D．discovered 143．A．interest B．pleasure C．pride D．delight 144．A．missing B．abandoned C．deserted D．stolen 145．A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 146．A．saved B．disturbed C．wasted D．recorded147．A．at most B．in brief C．in contrast D．at least 148．A．ruined B．inspired C．adopted D．acknowledged 149．A．membership B．championship C．scholarship D．friendship 150．A．With B．Without C．Beyond D．Upon 151．A．beaten B．hunted C．cured D．loved 152．A．referred to B．identified with C．put aside D．gave up 153．A．amusing B．innocent C．unhappy D．awkward 154．A．broke out B．ruled out C．put out D．turned out 155．A．faith B．hope C．frustration D．life 156．A．beautiful B．awful C．annoying D．unusual 157．A．actually B．consequently C．gradually D．occasionally 158．A．history B．fantasy C．dream D．plot 159．A．by the way B．on the contrary C．in a way D．by no means 160．A．homes B．churches C．schools D．books 141．B 142．C 143．A 144．D 145．C 146．A 147．D 148．B 149．C 150．B 151．A 152．B 153．C 154．D 155．B 156．A 157．A158．D 159．C 160．D 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文。为子女通过讲教师伯恩斯坦小姐给作者读书的经历，作者讲述了书对作 者的影响。 141． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它是关于废除奴隶制的——但它具有魔力，因为我学会了用它 阅读。A. boring无聊的；B. magic魔力的；C. difficult困难的；D. popular流行的。由“I learned to read with it”可知，作者学会了用它阅读，因此这是有魔力的，故选B。 142． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我出生在南非，在孤儿院长大。A. observed观察；B. locked锁； C. raised抚养；D. discovered发现。由“in an orphanage”可知，作者是在孤儿院被养大，因此 空格处是“抚养”，故选C。 143． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个叫伯恩斯坦小姐的临时教师是第一个对我感兴趣的人。A. interest兴趣；B. pleasure快乐；C. pride骄傲；D. delight高兴。由后文的“I trusted her”可知， 那个老师对作者感兴趣，故选A。 144． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我信任她，请她帮我读那本偷来的书。A. missing不见了的；B. abandoned被抛弃的；C. deserted被抛弃的；D. stolen被偷的。由第一段的“The only thing I ever stole in my life was a book”可知，作者是叫她帮他读那本偷来的书，故选D。 145． 考查代词词义辨析。句意：她一定认为这孩子很有才华，所以她同意了。A. nothing没有什么； B. anything任何东西；C. something某些东西；D. everything一切。由后文的“she agreed”可 知，那个老师认为这个孩子有才华的，也就是有点东西，因此空格处是“某些东西”，故选 C。 146． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，她每个月给我寄一本书，这救了我的命。A. saved救； B. disturbed打扰；C. wasted浪费；D. recorded记录。由后文的“I could escape the orphanage”可知，作者逃离了孤儿院，因此老师寄的书救了我，故选A。 147． 考查介词短语辨析。句意：通过书，我可以逃离孤儿院，至少在我的脑海中，去任何一个故 事带我去的地方。A. at most至多；B. in brief简言之；C. in contrast与此相反；D. at least至少。 由后文的“go anywhere a story took me”可知，句子表示“至少在我的脑海中，去任何一个故 事带我去的地方”，故选D。 148． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：读书激励了我，我最终赢得了一所昂贵寄宿学校的奖学金。A. ruined破坏；B. inspired激励；C. adopted采用；D. acknowledged承认。由后文的“I finished up winning a 9 to an expensive boarding school.”可知，作者能进入昂贵寄宿学校，因此 是读书激励了作者，故选B。 149． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：读书激励了我，我最终赢得了一所昂贵寄宿学校的奖学金。A. membership会员；B. championship冠军称呼；C. scholarship奖学金；D. friendship友谊。由 “winning a 9 to an expensive boarding school”可知，作者获得了寄宿学校的奖学金， 故选C。 150． 考查介词词义辨析。句意：如果不读书，我就会变成一个铁路修理工或一个酒鬼。A. With有 着；B. Without没有；C. Beyond超过；D. Upon在……上。由后文的“I'd have become a railway repairman or a drunk”可知，句子表示“如果不读书，我就会变成一个铁路修理工或一 个酒鬼”，因此空格处是“没有”，故选B。 151． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我曾经编故事连载给那些恶霸，以换取不被打。A. beaten打；B. hunted打猎；C. cured治愈；D. loved爱。由第二段的“The first thing I ever remember is being hit”可知，以前作者经常被打，因此他编故事连载给那些恶霸，以换取不被打。故选A。 152． 考查动词短语辨析。句意：第一本让我印象深刻的书是查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens)的 《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)，我大约九岁的时候就读了这本书。A. referred to提到；B. identified with认同；C. put aside放在一边；D. gave up放弃。由后文的“It gave me 1 5 .”可知，《雾都孤儿》这本书对作者是有很多影响的，也就是作者对此印象深刻，即作者很认同这本书，故选B。 153． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 和我一样，他孤独、贫穷，过着不快乐的生活。A. amusing有 趣的；B. innocent无罪的；C. unhappy不高兴的；D. awkward尴尬的。由前面的“he was alone, poor”可知，他孤独、贫穷，因此过着不快乐的生活，故选C。 154． 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是一个很好的故事，讲的是一个人在绝望的情况下，但事情最 终还是好转了。A. broke out爆发；B. ruled out排除；C. put out扑灭；D. turned out最后是， 结果是。yet表转折，因此句子表示“事情最终还是好转了”，因此空格处是“最后是，结果 是”，故选D。 155． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它给了我希望。A. faith信念；B. hope希望；C. frustration沮丧； D. life生活。由上文的“in a hopeless situation, yet things 1 4 well”可知，《雾都孤儿》 里的主角刚开始过着不快乐的生活，后来事情都变好了，因此这本书给了作者希望，故选 B。 156． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我读过的最美的书可能是约翰·斯坦贝克的《珍珠》。A. beautiful美丽的；B. awful可怕的；C. annoying令人生气的；D. unusual不寻常的。由后文的 “beautiful words could be”可知，此处说《珍珠》这本书是美丽的，故选A。 157． 考查副词词义辨析。句意： 这本书很短——从那以后我读了成千上万本书——但那是我第一 次真正看到文字可以如此美丽，一个故事可以如此惊人。A. actually实际上；B. consequently 结果；C. gradually逐渐；D. occasionally偶尔。由“saw how beautiful words could be, and how astonishing a story could be”可知，句子表示 “那是我第一次真正看到文字可以如此美丽，一 个故事可以如此惊人”，因此空格处是“实际上”，故选A。 158． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它有一个伟大的情节，关于一对年轻的墨西哥夫妇发现了一颗不 可思议的珍珠。A. history历史；B. fantasy幻想；C. dream梦想；D. plot情节。后文的“a young Mexican couple who discover an incredible pearl”是书里的情节，故选D。 159．考查介词短语辨析。句意：贪婪是一个主题，但在某种程度上，它是一个故事，告诉你生活 的一切。A. by the way顺便说一下；B. on the contrary相反；C. in a way在某种程度上；D. by no means绝不。由“it's one of those stories that tells you everything about life”可知，句子表示 “在某种程度上，它是一个故事，告诉你生活的一切”，故选C。 160． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你想知道真相，有一个地方你可以去——书。A. homes家； B. churches教堂；C. schools学校；D. books书。由上文的“it's one of those stories that tells you everything about life”可知，在书里你可以知道真相，故选D。