专题25-语法填空综合技巧(解析版）-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点考点帮_03高考英语_新高考复习资料_2022年新高考资料_2022年新高考英语一轮复习

考点 25 语法填空综合技巧 （解析版） 【命题趋势】 语法填空考察的是语法综合知识。涉及到实词和虚词的运用。其中动词和连词是重点也是难点。在平 时的复习过程中要多加练习才行。历年来高考完形填空的规律如下：纯空格--------冠词，代词，连词，介 词（1个单词）；有提示--------动词，名词，形容词，副词（≤3个单词） 【重要考向】 一、纯空格解法； 二、有提示词解法； 三、常用的词性转换 考向一 纯空格解法 【填介词】 1. In short, I believe that it is __________ great use to keep a dairy in English… 2. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree __________ engineering or architecture. 3. It represents the positive effect that an act of generosity can have __________ the world. 4. I got a place next __________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. [2014全国卷] 【参考答案】 1.of 2.in 3.on 4.to 【技巧点拨】 句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，很有可能是填介词。另外，常考介词的一些固定搭配，如： in trouble 处于麻烦之中 consider/treat … as把…看作 at dawn 在黎明时 apply… to应用于 respond to回应 be eager/dying/anxious for 渴望… be amazed/astonished/shocked at 对… 感到吃惊 prepare for 为…做准备 provide sth. for sb. 给某人提供某物 be popular with受欢迎 【填冠词】 1. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even __________ most modern architects and engineers. [2015卷II] 2. …the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to __________ small town some 20 kilometers away. 3. Experts think that __________ recently discovered painting may be __________ Picasso. [2011浙江] 4. I had to go without breakfast this morning as I was in __________ hurry. 【参考答案】 1.The 2.a 3.the a 4.a 【技巧点拨】 当纯空格在没有限定词的名词前，特别是单数可数名词前，通常填冠词。根据语境及定冠词和不定冠词的 基本用法选用恰当的冠词。（注限定词主要指冠词，形容词性物主代词以及 some any another 等不定代 词），此外也有可能要求填写some other any another 等不定代词。 【填连词】 1. I thought you’d be late for the concert, __________ ended up getting there ahead of time. 2. The fact __________ she had not said anything surprised all of us. 3. At that moment an attractive young lady __________ noticed my book came up to me 4. But he had no time for his dream __________ his work kept him too busy.5. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. Corn uses less water __________ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 【参考答案】 1.But 2.that 3.who 4.because 5.than 【技巧点拨】 如果两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有封号和句号，也没有关联词链接或引导，则填并列连词或从属 连词。 考向二 有提示词解法 【提示词为动词】 提示词为动词主要考察谓语动词、非谓语动词和派生词 1. This isn’t as hard as it __________ (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while __________ (read) an interesting piece of literature. 【参考答案】 sounds reading 高考回顾 1. __________ (Travel) along the Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. [2018北京] 2. Ordinary soap, __________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. [2018北京] 3. People have better health care than they used to, and they __________ (live) longer as a result at present. [2017北京] 4. I __________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found I was on the wrong road. [2017天津] 5. The publication of Great Expectations, which __________ (be) both widely and highly praise, strenghtened Dicken’s status as a leading novelist. [2017江苏] 6. This switch has decreased __________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. [2018·全国卷Ⅱ] 7. This development was only possible with the __________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.[2017 全国卷Ⅱ] 【参考答案】 1.Traveling 2. used 3.are living 4.was driving 5.was 6.Pollution 7.introduction 课堂巩固 1. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together __________ (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. [2018北京] 2. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs __________ (take). [2018天津] 3. Readers also __________ (tend) to share articles that were __________ (excite) or funny. [2016新课标Ⅲ 卷] 4. The park was full of people __________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. [2015北京] 【参考答案】 1.To share 2.taken 3.tended exciting 4.enjoying 【提示词为名词】 1. That would be a very __________ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours 2. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to __________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. 3. The Central London Railway was one of the most __________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. 【参考答案】 1.reasonable 2.strengthen 3.successful 【提示词为代词】 1. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused __________. 2. It has been said before, but experiencing it __________ has made me want to say it again: a smile… 3. She remembered how difficult __________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 4. and __________ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! 5. …as __________ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists… 6. Dating sites also make __________ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. 【参考答案】 1.Her 2.myself 3.it 4.it 5.it 6.it【技巧点拨】 (1)作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格,注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。 (2)指示代词,不定代词、反身代词等 It 有关句型 It + is/was +被强调的部分+ that/who 从句 It +be+adj（important，kind, wise, foolish +for/of+sb+to do/ that It +be+V-ed(said, reported, believed, suggested)+that从句 It +be+(a pity, a shame, a fact, good news)+that 从句 It +vi.(seems/ makes no difference/happens/matter) + that 从句 It is/was the first(second...)time+that sb has/had done It takes/took sb. +一段时间+to do sth. It +be +一段时间+since/ before… 6123结构：make,feel,find,think,consider,believe+ it +adj./n.+ to do/doing/that 从句 I’d appreciate it if… Depend/rely on it that… See to it that 表示感情色彩动词like,hate,dislike,enjoy等+it + that 从句 考向三 常见的词性转换 【典例】 1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said __________ (rude). [07深圳一模] 2. As far as I am concerned, my __________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese- English within easy reach. [08惠二模] 3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their __________ (nature) course. [08广东] 4. __________ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still a good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation. [09汕头水平考试] 【参考答案】 1.rudely 2.suggestion 3.natural 4.undoubtedly【词性转换解题技巧】 解题技巧 当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下5点顺利解 决： （1）作主语或宾语用_________形式。 （2）在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不定代词(some, any, a lot of等)、介词后还没有名词时，就用 _________形式。 （3）作定语、表语或补足语用__________形式。 （4）作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或放在句首修饰全句，用_______。 （5）当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性 的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。 1. 【2021年6月浙江卷】 It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 5 6 （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 5 7 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 5 8 （marry）ceremony in 1842. When the house was built, it was much 5 9 （small）than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home 60 （paint）white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 61 （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order. Although Mary loved flowers, 62 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 63 （plant）flowers in the front yard. 64 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 65 （sell）most of their furniture. 答案与解析：56. has proved/has proven 考查动词的时态。根据后面的since it opened to the public可知，此处要用现在过 去时,故填 has proved/has proven。 57.for 考查介词。根据后面的$1,200可知，此处表示“花了1200美元钱买了它”。故填for。 58. marriage 考查名词。根据句意可知,此处要用名词marriage作ceremony的定语，表示“结婚典”。故填 marriage。 59. smaller 考查比较级。根据后面的than it is today可知，此处要用比较级。故填smallcr。 60.was painted 考查动词的时态和语态。根据第二段第一句中的When the house was built可知，此处描述的 是房子刚建成时的情况，故要用一般过去时，且 The little home与动词paint之间是被动关系。故填was painted。 61 . herself 考查反身代词。根据句意可知，此处要用反身代词 herself。 62.neither 考查连词。根据后面的she nor her husband可知，此处为neither...nor...结构。故填neither。 63. to plant 考查动词不定式。此处表示经常过来种花。此处为目的状语，故填 to plant。 64.The 考查定冠词。根据后面的Lincolns可知，此处表示“林肯一家人”。故填 the。 65. sold 考查动词的时态。根据前面的After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house可知，此处要用一般过去时。故填sold。 2. 【2021年全国甲卷】 The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city ___42___ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible ___43___ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. After ___44___ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___45___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history! We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky ___47___ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____ (day) routines. 【答案】41. was built 42. in 43. to walk 44. spending 45. better 46. hired47. but 48. the 49. watchtowers 50. daily 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。 【41题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空 格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示 “在某个朝代”应用介词in。故填in。 【43题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑 在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定 式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。 【44题详解】 考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了， 还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾 语。故填spending。 【45题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些 行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词 than可知，此处应用形容词good的 比较级。故填better。 【46题详解】 考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知， 此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。 【47题详解】 考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。【48题详解】 考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。 【49题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只 是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复 数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。 【50题详解】 考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是 看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填 daily。 3. 【2021年全国乙卷】 Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61___ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas. Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable. Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: ·Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place. ·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices. ·Provide ___68___(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples. ·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts. Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking( 远 足 )and accommodations aim ____70____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】61. educated 62. development 63. its 64. until 65. the 66. of 67. visiting 68. financial 69. activities 70. to have 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相 关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上，生态旅游必须满足一些规 定。 【61题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化 特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配 become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。 【62题详解】 考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特 色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词 the可知，此处填入名词 development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。 【63题详解】 考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词 性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。 【64题详解】 考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示 “直到 20世纪 80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型 “not……until……”。故填until。 【65题详解】 考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分 析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。【66题详解】 考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。 various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。 【67题详解】 考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形 式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。 【68题详解】 考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词 aid可知，空格处应填形容词来 修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。 【69题详解】 考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词 range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。 【70题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短 语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。 4. 【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ】 Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish). What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs. As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit! 【答案】56. What57. humans 58. undoubtedly 59. hotter 60. astonished 61. was 62. and 63. aching 64. mine 65. a 【解析】 【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。 【56题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应 用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。 【57题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。 human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。 【58题详解】 考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词 help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填 undoubtedly。 【59题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。 【60题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说 明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。 【61题详解】 考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知， “how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形 式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。 故填was。 【62题详解】 考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一 个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。【63题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了 一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词 aching“疼痛的”修饰 名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。 【64题详解】 考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。 对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句 的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。 【65题详解】 考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的 事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应 用a。故填a。 5. 【2021年1月浙江卷】 In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 56 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 57 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 59 (consider) healthy. The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 60 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 61 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 63 (sharp) . This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including 65 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 答案与解析 56. and 考查并列连词。此空前后连接两个that引导的宾语从句，且根据句意可知，前后两个从句是并列关 系，故填并列连词and。 57. that / which 考查定语从句/关系代词。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在定语从句 中作主语的关系代词，而先行词tool为物，故此处填关系代词that或which。58. person’s 考查名词所有格。此空后接名词，且根据句意“它的计算方法是用一个人的体重公斤数除以身 高米数的平方……”，故此处填person的所有格形式。 59. is considered 考查谓语动词时态和语态。此空应填入consider的谓语形式，根据前半句的It is可判断时 态为一般现在时，且根据句意“19到25之间的 BMI（体重指数）被认为是健康值”，可知 BMI 与 consider为被动关系，故语态为被动。 60. by 考查介词。这里是说在1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI值“增加了”2.1，故此处 填介词by。 61. was 考查谓语动词时态。此处是在讲1985年至2017年间城市中人们BMI值增加情况，是描述过去发生 的事情，且上一句描述当时农村情况时用一般过去时，故此处也应为一般过去时，故填be的一般过去式 was。 62. studied 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，该句谓语动词为 had，故此空考查study的非谓语动词形式， 此处作countries的后置定语；而countries与study之间为被动关系，且“研究”是已经完成了的动作，故 填studied。 63. sharply 考查副词。此处修饰谓语动词had narrowed，故用副词sharply。 64. living 考查非谓语动词。此空考查live的非谓语动词形式，此处作people的后置定语；而people与live 之间为主动关系，故填living。 65. lower 考查形容词比较级。此处and连接三个并列的形容词加名词结构，形式应保持一致；由 higher与 fewer可知此处应填low的比较级lower。 1.【四川省南充市2019-2020学年高三上学期统考】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One morning, I 6 1 (wait) at the bus stop， 6 2 (worry) about being late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 6 3 some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 6 4 the window, so I had 6 5 good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike caught my 66 (attend)--he was riding beside the bus and wavinghis arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to stop 6 7 we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept riding. He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, " 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? "A woman on the bus shouted, "Oh, dear! It’s 69 (I)". She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase 7 0 ( grate). Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers suddenly became friendly to one another. 【答案】61.was waiting62.worried63.and64.to65.a66.attention67.till/ until68.Did69.me/ mine70.gratefully 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要记叙了在一个早上作者挤公交车遇到好心男孩坚持骑着自行车一直追 着公交车，并归还了一位女士的手提包的故事。 61.考查时态。句意：一天早上，我正在公交站等公交，担心上学迟到。表示过去正在进行的动作，用过去 进行时，主语是I，故填was waiting。 62.考查过去分词。句意：担心上学迟到。此处是过去分词作伴随状语，表示此时主语担忧的状态，故用 worried。 63.考查连词。句意：有许多人正在公交站等车，而且他们中的一些人看起来非常焦虑和失望。根据内容可 知前后是并列关系。故填and。 64.考查固定搭配。句意：我得到一个靠窗的位置。next to是固定短语，意思是“靠近，临近”。故填to。 65.考查冠词。句意：我得到一个靠窗的位置，因此我的视野能很好看到人行道。good view “好的视野”， view是名词，故用冠词a。 66.考查名词。句意：一个骑自行车的男孩引起我的注意。短语 catch one’s attention意为“引起某人注意”， 在形容词性物主代词后面，故用名词attention。 67.考查连词。句意：我听到后面的乘客在冲司机喊叫，但是他拒绝停下来直到下一个站。根据后半句可知 司机拒绝停下来，refuse to do sth.是习惯搭配，意思是“拒绝做某事”，可知此处是表示“直到”的意思， 故用连词until。 68.考查助动词。句意：在上一个站有人丢失了一个手提箱吗？此处是询问过去发生的事情，应该用一般过 去时，所以助动词用Did。注意：该单词位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Did。 69.考查代词。句意：哦，天哪！是我的。根据前文It is可知，此处用人称代词宾格或者名词性物主代词作 表语，强调“是我的包，或者是我丢了包”，故填mine/me。 70.考查副词。句意：她向司机挤了过去，感激地拿起了手提包。通常副词修饰动词，此处是用副词修饰 “took”这个动作，故填gratefully。 2.【2021届江苏省徐州市第一中学新高考全国卷第一次适应性考试】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese Olympic champion Sun Yang was 56 ． (initial) cleared of wrongdoing by FINA, the swimming federation(联盟), in January 2019. Following an appeal by the World Anti-Doping Agency(WADA) to the Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS), the decision has 57 ． (turn) over. An eight-year ban was given on Sun because this was his second 58 ． (offend). Sun told China’s Xinhua news agency that he planned to appeal 59 ． the decision. He said, “This is 60 ． (fair). I firmly believe in my innocence.” CAS said its decision can be challenged before the Swiss Federal Tribunal within 30 61 ． (day). Sun told an appeal hearing in November that he missed a test because testers failed 62 ． (prove) their identity when they arrived at this home. He also denied that a vial(小瓶) 63 ． (contain) his blood samples was smashed(砸碎) by him with 64 ． hammer. The three-time Olympic gold medallist is set to appeal his ban until February 2028, 65 ． if upheld, effectively ends his swimming career. 【答案】56．initially57．been turned58．offence59．against60．unfair61．days62．to prove63． containing64．a65．which 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。中国奥运冠军孙杨最初于2019年1月被国际泳联洗清罪名。在世界反兴奋剂 机构向体育仲裁法庭提出上诉后，该决定已经被提交。孙因第二次违法被禁赛 8年。孙对新华社说，他计 划对这一决定提起上诉。如果维持原判，他的游泳生涯实际上将结束。 56．考查副词。修饰动词clear应用副词initially，做状语，表示“最初”。故填initially。 57．考查动词语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，根据上文the decision has可知为现在完成时的 被动语态。故填been turned。 58．考查名词。根据上文his为形容词性物主代词修饰名词，可知应填名词offence，表示“犯罪”。故填 offence。 59．考查介词。句意：孙对新华社说，他计划对这一决定提起上诉。结合句意表示“提起上诉”短语为 appeal against。故填against。 60．考查形容词。句意：他说：“这是不公平的。我坚信我是无辜的。”根据上文 is可知应填形容词作表 语，且结合语境表示“不公平的”应用unfair。故填unfair。 61．考查名词的数。day为可数名词，由30修饰应用复数。故填days。 62．考查非谓语动词。句意：孙在去年11月的一次上诉听证会上说，他错过了一次考试，因为测试人员在 到达他家时没有证明自己的身份。根据句意表示“未能做某事”短语为fail to do sth.。故填to prove。 63．考查非谓语动词。句意：他还否认自己用锤子砸碎了一个装有他血液样本的小瓶。分析句子结构可知 contain 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语 vial构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作定语。故填 containing。64．考查冠词。句意同上。hammer为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个锤子”应用不定冠词，且hammer为 辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。 65．考查定语从句。句意：这位三届奥运会金牌得主将对禁令提起上诉，上诉到 2028年2月，如果维持原 判，禁令将结束他的游泳生涯。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 ban，且先行词在从句中作主语，指 物，故应用关系代词which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 3.【2021届四川省成都附属实验中学高三上学期入学考试】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Beijing Daxing International Airport (BDIA) was 41 ． (formal) opened on Sept. 25, 2019. Located around 46km south of Tiananmen Square, it was designed by famed architect Zaha Hadid. BDIA was listed 42 ． the first of the “seven wonders of the modern world near completion” by the Guardian in 2015. The new airport complex, consisting of a main terminal, a supporting service building and a parking lot, 43 ． (cover) an area of about 1.4 million square meters. The starfish design is extremely space efficient, with 44 ． journey of just 600 metres from security to the furthest gate. 45 ． could be the most expected innovation at BDIA is its artificial intelligence. The airport 46 ． (set) up more than 400 self-service check-in machines already, which can 47 ． (short) passengers’ waiting time to about 10 minutes. Travelers can be scanned on cameras 48 ． (use) facial recognition. Counters can be fully automated to capture (抓拍) face photos and relay 49 ． (they) during each part of the journey through the airport, including security and the departure gate. The Daxing airport—said to be the world’s largest terminal in a single building—is expected 50 ． (receive) a large amount of the 170 million passengers by 2025. It will become a new transport hub for the greater Beijing region. 【答案】41．formally42．as43．covers44．a45．What46．has set47．shorten48．using49．them50．to receive 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京大兴国际机场的开幕以及里面的科技设备——面部识别等 信息。 41．考查副词。根据后面的动词“opened”可知，此处应用副词修饰动词opened。故填formally。 42．考查介词。be listed as是固定短语，意为“被列为，被记录”。故填as。 43．考查动词和主谓一致。分析句子可知，前面有非谓语动词 consisting，该句缺少谓语动词，且主语 “The new airport complex”是单数，所以此处应用covers。故填covers。 44．考查冠词。分析句子可知，此处泛指“一次旅行”，且 journey的读音是以辅音音素开头，所以用不 定冠词a。故填a。45．考查主语从句。分析句子可知，该句中谓语动词is前面的是主语，所以空处引导主语从句，且在从句 中作主语，所以应用what引导。故填What。 46．考查时态。already是现在完成时的标志，表明某件事情已经完成，所以此处应用现在完成时。故填 has set。 47．考查动词。助动词can后接动词原形，所以此处应有动词形式shorten。故填shorten。 48．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词，动词 use与其逻辑主语travelers之间是 主动关系，应用现在分词。故填using。 49．考查代词。动词relay后接代词的宾格形式，所以此处用them。故填them。 50．考查动词不定式。expect to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“期望做某事”。故填to receive。 4.【2021届湖南省衡阳市一中高三第一次月考】 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The World Heath Organization (WHO) has decided that the novel corona virus outbreak is considered as an international public heath emergency, 36 ． (set) off the global action to prevent the spread of the virus. It is the sixth time that WHO 37 ． (declare) such an emergency since 2005. "The declaration is necessary because human-to-human infection has been confirmed in other countries. 38 ． virus has now been found in several other Asian nations and reached Australia, the United States and Europe as well”WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said, "We would have 39 ． (probable) seen many more cases and deaths outside China by now without Chinese government's efforts and the progress they have made 40 ． ( protect) their own people and the people around the world." "The speed with which China raced to the outbreak and isolated the virus is very 41 ． (impress) and beyond words, The Chinese government is to be congratulated for the extraordinary measures it has taken to control the outbreak despite the negative economic influence those measures are having 42 ． the whole Society.In many ways, China is actually setting a new standard for virus outbreak 43 ． ,(respond), and this is not an exaggeration (夸大),”he add WHO will offer member states a series of suggestion 44 ． are aimed at controlling the spread of the disease and giving support to 45 ． (affect) areas. 【答案】36．setting37．has declared38．The39．probably40．to protect41．impressive42．on43． response/respond 44．that/which45．affected 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了世界卫生组织已决定将这次新型冠状病毒爆发视为国际公共卫生 紧急事件，从而启动全球行动，防止该病毒的传播。在这次公共卫生突发事件中，中国采取的有力应对措施，得到了世界的广泛好评，为世界做出了贡献和榜样。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：世界卫生组织已决定将这次新型冠状病毒爆发视为国际公共卫生紧急事件， 从而启动全球行动，防止该病毒的传播。___1___ (set) off the global action to prevent the spread of the virus.是分 词作状语，set off 与其逻辑主语 The World Heath Organization 之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填 setting。 37．考查时态。It is／was the first／second／third...time that... 该句型意为“这是某人第几次做某事了”。当主句的谓语动词用 is时，从句谓语动词用现在完成时；当主 句的谓语动词用was时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时，这里是is，所以用现在完成时，WHO是第三人称 单数，谓语动词用单数，所以填has declared。 38．考查冠词。特指“新型冠状病毒”这种病毒，用定冠词，句子第一个单词首字母大写，所以填The。 39．考查副词。该空修饰动词seen，用副词，所以填probably。 40．考查不定式。这里表示“为了保护他们自己的人民和世界人民”，用不定式作目的状语，所以填to protect。 41．考查形容词。该空作is后的表语，用形容词，所以填impressive。 42．考查固定短语。have an influence on对……有影响，该短语是固定短语，所以填on。 43．考查名词。该空作介词for的宾语，用名词，response/respond是抽象名词，所以填response/respond。 44．考查定语从句。___9___are aimed at controlling the spread of the disease and giving support to ___10___(affect) areas.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a series of suggestion，关系词在从句中作主语，指物， 用关系代词that或which引导该从句，所以填that/which。 45．考查过去分词。分析句子结构，该空作定语，修饰名词 areas，“影响”和“地区”之间是被动关系， 用过去分词作定语，所以填affected。 5.【湖北省黄冈市2021届高三9月月考】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson has started plans for a"cycling and walking revolution".It, if fully 36 ． (realize),could change the way people move around towns and cities. The move comes as authorities' attempt 37 ． (improve)public health by arousing people's interest in traveling by bike and on foot.The plans,which are 38 ． (special)designed for England,are to be funded by £ 2 billion. Wide-ranging in their scope,they include 39 ． (aspect)such us:providing cycling training to children and adults 40 ． they want it,developing a network of protected bike routes,and creating "low-traffic neighborhoods." Xavier Brice,the CEO of Sustrans,a charity which focused on cycling and walking, 41 ． （say)the new plansmarked"a big step forward"by the government."By 42 ． (help)more people to leave the car at home for shorter journeys,this package of measures will cut pollution and improve the safety of our streets,"he added. The coronavirus pandemic has already had a significant effect 43 ． the way people move about.Public transport use in the UK has fallen greatly while some parts of the country 44 ． （change) their roads lately to make 45 ． easier for people to get around by walking or by bike. 【答案】36．realized37．to improve38．specially39．aspects40．if/ when41．said42．helping43．on44．have changed 45．it 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。为了改善和提高人们的身体素质，英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊已经开始计划一场 “骑车和步行革命”。这个活动 36．考查状语从句的省略。句意：它如果完全地被意识到，可以改变人们的移动方式的城镇和城市。本句 为if引导的条件状语从句的省略，还原为it is realised， 因主句主语与从句主语相同，且从句动词为be动 词，所以主语和be动词被省略。故答案为realized。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一举措是由于当局试图通过唤起人们对骑自行车旅行的兴趣来改善公共健 康。分析句子的结构可知：设空处在句中作非谓语，attempt to do sth试图做某事。故答案为to improve。 38．考查副词。句意：这项专为英格兰设计的计划将得到20亿英镑的资助。分析句子结构可知：设空处后 为动词，设空处应用副词修饰动词。故答案为specially。 39．考查名词。句意：他们的范围很广，如果孩子和成年人想要的话，可以提供骑车训练。分析句子的结 构可知，设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词形式，名词指的是”such us: providing cycling training to children and adults”以及”developing a network of protected bike routes, and creating "low-traffic neighborhoods."三件事 情，名词应用复数形式。故答案为aspects。 40．考查连词。句意见上题。分析句子的成分可知：设空处应为连词引导从句；结合句意，设空处可表示 时间也可表示条件。故答案为if/ when。 41．考查动词的时态。句意：专注于骑车和步行的慈善机构Sustrans的首席执行官泽维尔•布里斯表示，新 计划标志着政府“向前迈出了一大步。分析句子的结构可知：设空处在句中作谓语，根据宾语从句 the new plans marked “a big step forward” by the government. 新计划标志着政府“向前迈出了一大步”。可知句子的时态为一般过去时。故答案为said。 42．考查非谓语动词。句意：“通过帮助更多的人在短途旅行时将汽车留在家里，这一揽子措施将减少污 染，提高我们的街道安全，”他补充说。分析句子的结构可知：设空处在句中作非谓语，设空处前为介词， 后接动名词作宾语。故答案为helping。 43．考查介词。句意：冠状病毒大流行已经对人们的出行方式产生了重大影响。固定搭配 have an effecton…对…...有影响。故答案为on。 44．考查动词时态。句意：英国的公共交通使用量大幅下降，而该国的一些地区最近改变了道路，使人们 步行或骑自行车出行更方便。分析句子结构可知：设空处在句中作谓语，根据lately可以判断时态是现在 完成时。故答案为have changed。 45．考查it作形式宾语。句意见上题。分析句子的结构可知：句子的真正宾语是to get around by walking or by bike.设空处在句中作it作形式宾语。故答案为it。 6.【广东省汕头市金山中学2021届高三年级上学期联考】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. Sometimes in life, you need to act quickly. Thinking too much about a problem 36 ． (be)not always beneficial. It can hold us back. But many things in life require careful thought and preparation. "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure," is 37 ． great expression for that kind of behavior. This saying comes to us 38 ． Benjamin Franklin, who was one of the 39 ． (found) of the United States. The word “ounce” means something really small, just two-one-hundredths of a kilogram 40 ． (exact). So, when you deal with a problem, spending a small amount of time and effort early on can save you more trouble in the end. For example, if a country announces strong measures for 41 ． (contain)a virus，we could say, “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” It is better 42 ． (take) severe precautions（预防）than to suffer severe consequences later. Franklin was not talking about disease. 43 ． rather fire prevention. During a visit to Boston in 1733, Franklin 44 ． (impress) with the city’s fire prevention methods. He tried to bring some of those practices to the city of Philadelphia, 45 ． he lived. From then on, this expression can be used in many serious situations. 【答案】36．is37．a38．from39．founders40．Exactly41．containing42．to take43．but44．was impressed45．where 【解析】本文是记叙文，讲述了“一盎司的预防胜过一磅的治疗”这句名言的由来和意义。 36．考查动词。句意：对一个问题想得太多并不总是有益的。本句主语是 Thinking too much about a problem，动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数形式，此处是描述事实，需要用一般现在时，故 be动词需要用 单数is，故填is。 37．考查冠词。句意：“一盎司的预防胜过一磅的治疗”是对这种行为的一个很好的表达。expression表 示“具体的表达”时是可数名词，此处是泛指，表示一种表达，需要用不定冠词，great 的发音以元音音素 开头，故填a。 38．考查介词。句意：这句话是美国的开国元勋之一本杰明·富兰克林说的。come from表示“来自”，是 固定搭配，故填from。39．考查名词复数。句意：这句话是美国的开国元勋之一本杰明·富兰克林说的。此处表示“创立者”， one of+名词复数，表示“…之一”，故填founders。 40．考查副词。句意：“盎司”这个词的意思是非常小的东西，仅仅是一千克的百分之二。此处副词修饰 整个句子，故填exactly。 41．考查动名词。句意：例如，如果一个国家宣布了遏制病毒的强硬措施，我们应该说“一盎司的预防胜 过一磅的治疗”。空前有介词for，介词后面加动名词作宾语，故填containing。 42．考查不定式。句意：与其以后遭受严重的后果，不如采取严厉的预防措施。It is+形容词+to do sth表示 “做某事是……样的”，是固定句式，it作形式主语，不定式是真正的主语，故填to take。 43．考查连词。句意：富兰克林说的不是疾病，而是防火。前后是转折关系，not...but rather表示“不 是……而是”，故填but。 44．考查时态和语态。句意：在1733年访问波士顿期间，富兰克林对这座城市的防火方法印象深刻。be impressed with对……印象深刻，本句主语是Franklin，谓语动词用单数，根据in 1733，时间发生在过去， 故用一般过去时。故填was impressed。 45．考查定语从句。句意：他试图把这些做法带到他居住的费城。______ he lived是非限定性定语从句，先 行词是the city of Philadelphia，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 7.【2021届湖北省武汉市部分学校高三起点质量检测】 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Like many, Dean once viewed surfing as a lifestyle, not a sport. He came to it several years 36 ． earning his graduate degree and going to work at a clinic. “As I surfed more frequently,” he says, “I started to think about it 37 ． (different)-what do I need to do to catch more waves 38 ． make more turns?” Dean’s clinical background was the key factor 39 ． led him to begin reconsidering those ideas. When his son started catching waves with friends, he asked 40 ． (many)questions: Why don’t surfers train the way football players do? He 41 ． (assess)the boys’ movements on the water and developed conditioning plans involving unstable surfaces. He reviewed hours of video footage, 42 ． (focus)on how their techniques could be improved. Dean opened a surf club in 2010.Over the 43 ． (year)he has trained Simpson, a US Open championship 44 ． (win), and other stars. “My whole goal,” Dean says, “ 45 ． (be) to get top surfers to do what lots of major sports are already doing.” 【答案】36．after37．differently38．and39．that/which40．more41．assessed42．focusing43．years44． winner45．is【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Dean从喜欢冲浪运动到开办冲浪俱乐部的过程。 36．考查介词。句意：他是在获得研究生学位并在一家诊所工作几年之后，开始从事这项工作的。表示 “在…… 之后”，用连词after，所以填after。 37．考查副词。该空修饰动词短语think about，用副词，所以填differently。 38．考查连词。句意：我需要做些什么才能抓住更多的海浪，做更多的转弯? catch more waves和make more turns之间是并列关系，所以填and。 39．考查定语从句。____4____led him to begin reconsidering those ideas.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the key factor，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that或which 引导该从句，所以填that/which。 40．考查形容词。句意：当他的儿子开始和朋友们一起冲浪时，他问了更多的问题。根据Why don’t surfers train the way football players do?可知他问了更多的问题。more更多的，所以填more。 41．考查时态。整篇文章都在描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以填assessed。 42．考查现在分词。分析句子结构，____7____(focus)on how their techniques could be improved.是分词作状 语，focus 与其逻辑主语He之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填focusing。 43．考查名词的数。year是可数名词，表示“他一直在训练辛普森的这些年”，是复数意义，用名词复数， 所以填years。 44．考查名词。a US Open championship____9____(win)是Simpson的同位语，该空用名词，前面有不定冠 词修饰，用名词单数，所以填winner。 45．考查时态和主谓一致。描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时；主语My whole goal是第三人称单数，谓 语动词用单数，所以填is。 8.【2021届湖北华中师大附中高三上学期六校联考】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In any major Indian city, people are seen with an arm outstretched, mobile phone in hand, 28 ． (smile) widely and clicking away. Even Prime Minister Narendra Modi is said 29 ． (love) the selfie (自拍), posting pictures online that he has taken with 30 ． (variety) world leaders. But the pursuit of selfie can sometimes have deadly consequences. India is home to 31 ． highest number of people who have died while taking photos of 32 ． (they), with 19 of the world’s 49 recorded selfie-linked deaths since 2014. 33 ． (early) this month, an 18-year-old college student on a class picnic lost his balance while taking a selfie on top of a rock near a dam. He fell into the water and drowned, along with a classmate 34 ． jumped in to save him. Since then, the Indian government 35 ． (declare) 16 no-selfie zones across Mumbai, warning people 36 ．taking unnecessary risks. Police have declared “no selfie” in areas considered to be 37 ． (risk)—particularly along the coastline in spots with no railings or fences. Anyone coming into “no selfie” areas even if they take no photos, will risk a fine of 1,200 rupees ($17.50). 【答案】28．smiling29．to love30．various31．the32．themselves33．Earlier34．that/ who35．has declared36．against 37．risky 【解析】这是一篇说明文。因为很多游客喜欢在印度自拍，导致印度成为自拍死亡人数最多的国家。为了 阻止这一情况的恶化，印度政府采取了一些相关措施，例如设立标志牌和罚款。 28．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语people和smile之间是主 动关系，应用现在分词，故填smiling。 29．考查不定式。分析句子可知，此处考查固定用法“主语 + be said/ thought/ believed…to do sth.”，故填 to love。 30．考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应用variety的形容词various“各种各样的”修饰名词leaders，故填 various。 31．考查定冠词。由highest可知此处应填定冠词，表示最高级，故填the。 32．考查代词。句意：印度是因自拍照死亡数字最高的地方。根据句意可知，此处意为“自拍”即给自己 拍照，故应用反身代词指代上文提到的people，故填themselves。 33．考查比较级。句意：本月早些时候，一个18岁的大学生班级野餐时，站在一个大坝附近的岩石上自拍 失去了平衡。根据句意可知，此处意为“本月早些时候”，应用early的比较级earlier，故填Earlier。 34．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a classmate，关系词代替先行词， 在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代词that/who，故填that/ who。 35．考查时态。分析句子可知，设空处是句子谓语动词，根据上文的since then判断为现在完成时，主语 the Indian government是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填has declared。 36．考查短语。此处是短语warn sb. against doing sth.“警告某人不要做某事”，故填against。 37．考查形容词。设空处应填形容词作为表语，故填risky。 9.【2021届广西钦州市第一中学高三开学摸底】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A graduation speech given by Chief Justice John Roberts 61 ． (become) a talking point after the Washington Post published it. Roberts addressed his son's ninth grade graduating class. He advised the young graduates 62 ． (take) life'ssetbacks (挫折) in their stride (从容地). But he did not wish 63 ． (they) good luck. “Now, the speakers will typically also wish you good luck and extend good 64 ． (wish) to you. I will not do that, and I will tell you why,” Roberts said. “From time to time, in the years to come, I hope you will be treated 65 ． (unfair), so that you will come to know the value of justice. Sorry to say, but I hope you will be lonely from time to time, so that you don't take friends 66 ． granted. I wish you bad luck again, from time to time, so that you will be conscious of the role of chance in life and understand your success is not completely deserved and 67 ． the failure of others is not completely deserved either.” He continued, “I hope you 68 ． (ignore), so you know the importance of listening to others, 69 ． I hope you will have just enough pain to learn compassion.”(同情心) In the end, each graduate received a pocket-size (袖珍的) copy of the Constitution 70 ． (sign) by Roberts. 【答案】61．became62．to take/(should) take63．them64．wishes65．unfairly66．for67．that68．will be ignored69．and70．signed 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国最高法院首席法官John Roberts在他儿子毕业典礼上的演 讲内容，这篇演讲在刊登后成为大家谈论的焦点。 61．考査动词时态。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，句中含有after引导的时间状语从句；设空处是主句的 谓语, 根据时间状语从句中的谓语动词punished和全文的背景, 可知主句中的谓语动词时态也应该用一般过 去时。故填became。 62．考査动词不定式或虚拟语气。若把设空句当作简单句，可知此处考查不定式作宾语补足语，advise sb.to do sth. ，故填to take；若把设空句当作省略了引导词that的宾语从句，则从句应该用虚拟语气结构 （should）+动词原形，故填（should）take。故填to take/(should) take。 63．考査代词。句意: 但是他并没有祝他们好运。设空处作wish的宾语, 所以要用宾格them。故填them。 64．考査名词单复数。句意：此时，演讲者一般会祝你们好运, 同时也把美好的祝愿给你们。wish表示对 他人的“祝愿、祝福”时往往要用复数形式。故填wishes。 65．考査副词用法。分析句子成分可知，设空处修饰动词，修饰动词要用副词形式。故填unfairly。 66．考査固定搭配中的介词。句意：虽然抱歉这样说，但是我希望你们偶尔会感到孤独，这样你们就不会 把朋友当作理所当然的事情。根据句意可知，此处考查固定搭配take sb. /sth for granted，意为“认为是…… 理所当然的”。故填for。 67．考査宾语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知, understand后是宾语从句, 设空处引导的是第二个宾语从句， 引导词不能省略；分析宾语从句句子成分可知，从句意思完整, 不缺成分, 所以要用that引导。故填that。 68．考査动词的时态和语态。分析设空句句子成分和句子结构可知，hope后面是省略了引导词that的宾语从句，设空处充当从句的谓语动词；根据全文的内容可知，本句所表达的是对毕业生进入社会后的祝愿， 所以要用一般将来时；从句主语you和ignore之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故填will be ignored。 69．考查并列连词。分析句子成分和结构可知，设空处连接两个分句,I hope you 8 (ignore) 及I hope you will have just enough pain to learn compassion.，这两个分句之间是并列关系, 所以要用and连接。 故填and。 70．考査非谓语动词。句意: 最后, 每个毕业生都收到了一本由Roberts亲自签名的袖珍的宪法的副本。分 析句子成分和结构可知，句中已有谓语动词received，无连词，可知这是一个简单句，所以设空处是非谓 语动词；设空处与逻辑主语 copy of the Constitution之间是被动关系, 表示被动要用过去分词形式。故填 signed。 10.【2020届江西省抚州临川第一中学高三6月实战演练冲刺（二)】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. The Awakening of Insects(惊蛰)falls on Mar．6 and ends on Mar 20 this year． The Awakening of Insects signals 41 ． rise in temperature and increased rain fall. As the third solar term in the lunar year, 42 ． (it)name suggests the fact that animals sleeping in winter are awakened by spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back 43 ． life．It is the key time for spring agricultural activities. It is also a good time for people 44 ． (enjoy)fun outdoors, especially for people living in the city. Driving to the suburbs, 45 ． (fish)in a lake or enjoying the singing bird will make for a perfect weekend in spring．The most popular fruit in this season 46 ． (be)pears． The custom of eating pears is 47 ． (wide)practiced around the Awakening of Insects. As the weather gets warmer and the air becomes 48 ． (dry),people tend to feel their mouths and tongues are dry, 49 ． can cause colds or coughs. A pear is sweet, juicy and cold, moistening(湿润) the lungs to arrest a cough． 50 ． ,pears are recommended during the Awakening of Insects． 【答案】41．a42．Its43．to44．to enjoy45．fishing46．is47．widely48．drier49．which50．Therefore 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了24节气中的谷雨，谷雨是春天当中的最后一个节气，在4月 19开始，5月4号结束，谷雨来自一句古老的谚语"雨生百谷"，这个时节对农作物的生长很有利。同时文 中还介绍了四个有关谷雨的事情。 41．考查不定冠词。句意：惊蛰预示着气温的上升和降雨量的增加。rise在此为可数名词，意为“上升”， 这里表示惊蛰时气温的“上升”，故填a。 42．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：作为农历的第三个节气，它的名字暗示着冬眠的动物被春雷惊醒，大地万物复苏。its为形容词性物主代词，修饰名词name。故填Its。 43．句意：作为农历的第三个节气，它的名字暗示着冬眠的动物被春雷惊醒，大地万物复苏。固定词组： come back to life意为“恢复生机”。故填to。 44．考查固定句式。句意：这也是人们享受户外乐趣的好时间，特别是对生活在城市里的人。固定句式： It is time for sb．to do sth．，此句式中it为形式主语，不定式做真正的主语。故填to enjoy。 45．考查动名词作主语。句意：开车去郊区，在湖里钓鱼，或是欣赏鸟儿的歌唱，这些都是春天完美的周 末。在此用动名词和driving、enjoying并列做主语。故填fishing。 46．考查一般现在时态和主谓一致。句意：这个季节最受欢迎的水果是梨。be在此句中作谓语动词，陈述 了一个客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为fruit, 单数第三人称，故填is。 47．考查副词。句意：吃梨的习俗在惊蛰前后流传甚广。此处修饰过去分词 practiced 用副词。故填 widely。 48．考查形容词比较级。句意：随着天气变暖、空气变干燥，人们往往会感到口腔和舌头干燥，这可能会 导致感冒或咳嗽。根据上文中的warmer可知。此处应填形容词比较级做表语。故填drier。 49．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：随着天气变暖、空气变干燥，人们往往会感到口腔和舌头干燥，这可 能会导致感冒或咳嗽。此处前面整个句子做先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句做主语，且 that不能引导 非限制性定语从句。故填which。 50．考查连接性副词。句意：梨味甜，多汁，寒，润肺止咳。因此，惊蛰时节宜吃梨。此空前后句逻辑关 系为因果关系，故填连接性副词Therefore。