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考点 02 介词（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
题型 语法填空
高考考点 介词
2023 by
新高考I卷 2022 as
2021
2023 with
新高考** 错误的
2022
表达式 **卷
2021 from
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于介词的考查共计4次，主要考查：
1．常用介词的基本用法；
2．短语中的介词；
【备考策略】熟练掌握介词及介词短语的基本用法；重点在句子中或在语篇中训练介词的用法。
【命题预测】
语法填空对介词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中考查介词短语的基本用法，根据习惯用法或固定句
型确定介词。
1.单个介词的意义
aboard搭乘（飞机、列车、轮船等）
about关于；向各处；在……附近
above在……之上；在……上游；超过……程度
across 从表面穿过；在……对面；在(身体某部位)上
①He swam across the river.
他游过河。
②There's a bank right across the street.
街对面就有一家银行。
③A big smile spread across her face.
她脸上洋溢着开心的笑容。
after在……之后；追赶；仿照against与……相反；与……对抗；与……逆向；倚靠；以 ……为背景；为防备;违背；反对；对……不利；倚靠；
衬托
①She was forced to go there against her will.
她被迫去那里。
②I won't have you say anything against my teacher.
我不容许你说老师的坏话。
③The evidence is against him.
证据对他不利。
④Put the ladder against the wall.
把梯子靠着墙放置。
⑤The white building looks beautiful against the blue sky.
在蓝天衬托下，这栋白楼很漂亮。
along沿着；循着
among在……中间；在……内部；被……所环绕；……之中的一个
around环绕；在……周围；在……四处；绕过；将近
as当作；作为；充当
at 在(地点、时间、空间)；以(某种价格、速度等)；朝
①At school, we always had a lot of afterclass activities.
在学校我们总是有很多课外活动。
②School is over at 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
下午四点放学。
③The train goes at a speed of 120 km/ph.
火车时速每小时120公里。
④Don't shout at me.
不要朝我大声嚷嚷。
before在……之前；比……早；比……先
behind在……之后；落后于
below在……之下；在……的下游；低于
beneath在……之下
beside在……旁边；在……附近
besides除了……之外；除却
between在……之间
beyond 超出……的范围；为……所不及；除了；在……的另一边
①The beauty of the West Lake is beyond words/beyond description.
西湖美景无法用语言描述。
②The big fire was beyond their control.
他们无法控制大火。
③He appears to have almost no personal staff, beyond a secretary who can't make coffee.
他看来似乎没有任何雇员，除了一个连咖啡都不会煮的秘书。
④The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.
那条路经过村子后又往上延伸到群山中。but除了……之外；除外
by 被；表示程度或增减的幅度；按……来计算；经由；乘(交通工具)；在……之前
①I was attacked by a dog.
我被一条狗袭击。
②We defeated the visiting team by 3 goals.
我们以三个球的优势击败来访的球队。
③The cleaners get paid by the hour.
清洁工按小时计算工资。
④He went out by the back door.
他从后门出去的。
⑤He goes to school by bike.
他骑车上学。
⑥I'll have it done by tomorrow.
我将于明天之前让人做完这件事。
despite 尽管(后接名词短语或宾语从句)
①They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad weather.
尽管天气恶劣，他们仍然过了一个愉快的假期。
②Despite what others say, I think he is a very nice boy.
不管别人说什么，我认为这个孩子不错。
down向下；往下；沿着
during在……期间；在……之间
except除……之外
for 给；对；为；为了得到；对……来说；多达；向；支持；表示
①I have a present for you.
我有个礼物给你。
②The doctor knew that there was nothing he could do for her.
医生知道自己无能为力帮不了她。
③I paid $3 for the ticket.
我花三美元买了张票。
④She looks young for her age.
就她这个年龄来说，她显得年轻。
⑤We have been talking for a good half hour.
我们足足谈了半小时。
⑥I set off for work.
我动身去上班。
⑦We have studied the arguments for and against nuclear energy.
我们研究了支持和反对核能的论点。
⑧What's the French for “happy”？
法语“开心”怎么讲？
from从……；自从……；出自；因为
in在……之中；在……时候；在……之后；在……状态下；在……方面；穿着；戴着①She looked in her bag, but her keys were not there.
她朝她的手提包里看了看，但钥匙不在里面。
②Leaves change colour in autumn.
树叶在秋天改变颜色。
③The street is about a mile in length.
这条街长约一英里。
④In all the confusion, it is quite possible that some people got tickets without paying.
在混乱中极有可能有人没付钱就得到票了。
inside在……里面；在……内
into进入……内；往……里；变为
like像
minus减去
near在……近旁；接近
of是……的；……之中的；由……制成的；有……性质的
off 远离；从……上移开；在……附近；休息；减价
①Once we were off the main freeway, the trip felt more like a vacation.
我们一离开主高速公路，这次旅行感觉就更像是一次度假了。
②Keep off the grass.
勿踏草坪。
③There are a lot of islands off the coast.
沿海有很多岛屿。
④You look tired. Why don't you take tomorrow off?
你很憔悴。为什么明天不休息一天呢？
⑤If you buy more than ten, they knock 10% off.
如果你买十个以上，他们打九折。
on 在……上；一……就……；关于；是……一员；在具体的某一天
①Some children are playing on the playground.
一些孩子在操场上玩耍。
②On his arrival, he began to work.
他一到达就开始工作。
③This is a book on history.
这是一本历史书。
④He was on a research team.
他是研究队中的一员。
⑤On a cold evening, he paid a visit to a farmer's house in the village.
在一个寒冷的夜里，他去村里一户农民家拜访。
onto到……之上
opposite在……的对面
outside在……的外面
over 在……上；超过；多于；在……期间；俯视；胜过；通过
①He sprinkled sugar over his cereal.他在麦片粥里撒上了糖.
②They have advantages over the students in faraway villages.
他们比偏远村庄的学生有优势。
③She stayed in New York for over a month.
她在纽约待了一个多月。
④They will have a party over the weekend.
周末他们有个聚会。
⑤The doctor bent over the patient in bed, asking if he was feeling any better.
医生在病床边弯下腰，询问病人是否好些了。
⑥She had great personal influence and power over her followers.
她对自己的追随者有强大的个人影响力和操纵力。
⑦I don't want to talk about this over the telephone.
我不想在电话里谈论此事。
past经过；超过
per每……；每一……
plus加；加上
round绕……一周；绕行于……四周
since自从；从……以来
through 从内部穿过；透过
①They walked through the thick forest.
他们步行穿过茂密的森林。
②He could just make out three people through the mist.
透过薄雾他勉强能看出有三个人。
throughout遍及于……；整个……期间；从头到尾
till/until直到……；到……为止
to向……；到……；面向
towards朝……方向；走向……；对于……
under在……之下；未满；受……管辖；正在……之中
up往上；登上
with 用(具体的工具)；附带有，具有；和；随着
①Please write with a pencil. 请用铅笔写。
②He is a man with a strong will. 他是一个意志坚强的人。
③I have an appointment with Dr Black, but I need to change it. 我和布莱克博士有约，但是我得改一下时间。
④With the final exam approaching, the students are working harder.随着期末考试临近，同学们学习更努力了。
within 在……之内；在……里面
①We should have the test results within 24 hours.
我们24小时内出化验结果。
②The noise seems to be coming from within the building.
吵闹声像是从楼房里传出来的。
without 没有；在没有……的情况下①We couldn't have finished the task without your timely help.
如果没有你们的及时帮忙，我们完不成任务。
②Without so much as a word of thanks, Ben turned and went back into the office.
本连一个谢字也没有，转身就回到了办公室。
（单个介词的用法）
（2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to
Beijing’s long history ____63____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with
historic events.
1．(2023•北京清华附中高三阶段检测)________ one peaceful morning, I begged my mom to let me go outside.
2．(2023•云南师大附中高三阶段检测)________ the flower market, the orchids are worth at least 10，000 dollars each.
3．(2023•山东省齐鲁名校高三大联考)An employer might be asked to answer a problem ________ thinking like
another member of their team.
4．(2023•河北省唐山市高三检测)I did feel a sense of loss ________ not becoming an academic educator, and I worried
I'd be letting down the people.
2.复合介词的意义
according to根据
along with随同……一起；除了……之外
apart/aside from除……之外
as a result of因为；由于
as a consequence of因为
because of因为；由于
on account of因为
due to由于；因为
owing to由于；因为
thanks to由于；幸亏
as for/to至于；关于；就……而言
as with至于；与……一样
but for要不是……的话
by means of以……方式；借着……
except for除……之外
in addition to加之；除了……之外
in case of万一；在有……情形时
in/by comparison with与……相较；较之
in contrast to与……相比
contrary to违反……；与……相对
for fear of以免……；以防…．
in spite of虽然；尽管instead of代替；而不
out of出于；因为
regardless of不顾；不管
with/as regard to关于
in terms of用……字眼；用……措词；从……观点；从…的角度
as opposed to与……相对；而不是
（复合介词的用法）
(2022•全国乙卷)Maybe it is because ________ the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise.
(2022•新高考Ⅰ卷)So instead ________ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him.
3.表状态的介词短语
at work在工作
at play在玩耍
at war在交战
at lunch在吃午饭
at table在吃饭
at rest在休息
in use在使用中
in store贮藏着；准备着
in shape身体良好的；健康的
in place适当的；在适当位置的
in order井井有条的；有序的
in need穷困的；贫穷的
in debt欠债的；欠人情的
in danger处于危险中的；有危险的
in peace平安的；安心的
on duty在值班
on show/exhibition在展览中
on fire着火的；燃烧着的；兴奋的
on strike在罢工
on sale在出售；廉价出售
on holiday在度假
on leave在休假中
under discussion在讨论中
under construction在建设中
under arrest被捕；被拘留的
under repair在维修中；在修复中
