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第 23 讲 定语从句（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题定语从句考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023年 新高考I卷 语法填空: /
新高考** 错误 语法填空: /
的表达式 **卷
全国甲卷 语法填空:where；
as
短文改错： what改为which
全国乙卷 语法填空: which/that
短文改错：that改为whose
北京卷 语法填空: where
浙江卷 (1月)语法填空: /
(6月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择： /
2022年 新高考I卷 语法填空: that
新高考** 错误 语法填空: /
的表达式 **卷
全国甲卷 语法填空:who
短文改错： /
全国乙卷 语法填空: /
短文改错：what改为which
北京卷 语法填空:which
浙江卷 (1月)语法填空: that/who
(6月)语法填空:/
天津卷 单项选择：for whom
2021年 新高考I卷 语法填空: /
新高考** 错误 语法填空: which或that
的表达式 **卷
全国甲卷 语法填空:/
短文改错：/
全国乙卷 语法填空:/
短文改错：
北京卷 语法填空:that；
where
浙江卷 (1月)语法填空:that 或 which
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 1(6月)语法填空: /
天津卷 3月卷：where
（第一次） 单项选择:from which；
Where；
（第二次）单项选择:when
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年对于定语从句主要考查：
1．关系代词的用法；
2．关系副词的用法；
3. 非限制性定语从句的关系词；
4. 介词+关系代词的用法。
【备考策略】
1. 了解定语从句的基本用法;
2. 区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句;
3. 熟知关系代词和关系副词的用法并能正确判断使用哪种关系词；
4. 掌握"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句及as和which引导的定语从句的区别。
【命题预测】
预测2024年定语从句仍会是高考考查的重点和热点之一, 预测高考对该考点的考查集中在关系代词
(that,which,who等)及关系副词(when,where等)的选用上。
定语从句基本概念
1）定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子，叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中
相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。
2）定语从句的位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，
也可置于主句之后。
3）定语从句的功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。
4）定语从句的类别：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。
5）先行词：定语从句修饰的名词和代词叫先行词。
6）关系词的三大作用：
1. 替代作用：在定语从句中替代先行词。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 22. 成分作用：在定语从句中充当句子成分。
3. 连接作用：连接主句和定语从句。
关系代词/副词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
when 时间名词 时间状语
地点名词或抽象名词(situation，
where 地点状语
point，activity，case，stage等)
why the reason 原因状语
考点一 关系代词的用法
一、常见关系代词的基本用法
1. that
可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于
which。不能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。
2. which
指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如：
The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）
3. who, whom, whose
（1）who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人
（2）whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人
（3）whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的
（4）whose + 名词 =the + n. + of which (某物的) = he + n. + of whom (某人的)
注意：
① 关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用 whom；表物用 which)
② 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为
正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放
在句末。）
There are 30 students in this class, who are from the north of China.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 3这个班里有30名学生，他们来自中国北方。
Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful?
你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea.
我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
4. as
a：as作为关系代词，常常用于固定句型中。
the same...as , as, such....as , so....as
They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语)
他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。
This is the same knife as I lost.(as作宾语)
这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。
b：such ... as ... 与such ... that ... 的区别
such ... as ... 中的as引导的是定语从句，而such ... that ... 中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导
定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。
This is such a difficult problem as most of us can't work out.
这是一个我们大多数人都不能解决的难题。
(从句中的work out缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词，用作work out的宾语。)
She is such a kind girl that many students like her.
她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。
(状语从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。)
二、that、 which的辨析
1. 只能用that，不能用which的情况
（1）先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被
all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。
☞All the people that come from the country work much harder.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 4所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。
（2）先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、 the only， the very， the last等修饰时， 关系代词通常只用
that， 不用which.如：
☞The first English novel that I read was Cities.
我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。
☞This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
☞This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。
（3）先行词既有人又有物时， 关系代词只用that， 不用which.如：
☞The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。
☞The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.
外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。
（4） 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时， 通常只用that， 不用which.如：
☞ He is no longer the star that he was.
他不再是过去的那位明星了。
☞ Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。
（5） 句中其他位置已出现which， 为避免重复， 不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如：
☞Which is the car that has overtaken us？ 超过我们的是哪辆车？
2. 只用which，不能用that的情况
（1） 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时， 关系代词必
须用which.如：
☞The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。
☞This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.
这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 如：
☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve
had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
（2） 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如：
☞Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.
学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。
☞A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published.
书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。
（3）当先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which，而不用
that。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 5三、 as，which的辨析
一、相同点
两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表
语，位于主句之后有时可互换。
☛The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted. 会议被推迟了，这正是我们想要的。
☛He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner. 他是一名医生，我是从他的举止中知道的。
二、不同点
1. as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。
☛As is known to all, fish can’t live without water. 众所周知，鱼离开水无法生存。
☛Air, as we know, is gas. 正如我们所知，空气是气体。
2. 在非限制性定语从句中，which后的be动词不可省；而as后的be动词可以省略。
☛She told me she won the match, which was a lie. 她告诉我们她赢得了比赛，这是一个谎言。
☛The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figure. 这种材料是有弹性的，正如图中所示。
3. which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时可用各类动词作谓语；而as作主语时，谓语常用系动词，如
be，seem，become等，一般不用其他行为动词。
☛He saw the girl, which delighted him. 他看见了那个女孩，这让他很高兴。
☛He didn’t say anything at the meeting, as/which seemed very strange. 他在会议上一言未发，这看起来非
常奇怪。
4. as常用＂正如＂含义，常用的结构有as we know（众所周知）；as often happens（正如常发生的那
样）；as is often the case（情况常常如此）；as we all can see（正如我们看到的）；be announced /
expected / known / imagined / mentioned / said / shown / reported等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句
中或句末。
☛As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
☛Kate was late for school, as often happened. 凯特上学迟到了，正如常发生的那样。
5. 在非限制性定语从句中，which可指代主句中的某一个单词，as不可以。
☛My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well. 我哥哥喜欢打篮球，他打得非常好。
☛Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital. 北京，他出生的地方，是我们的首都。
6. ＂介词+关系代词（介宾代物）＂中关系代词只能用which。
The Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches.
那家与我们交易了好几年的旅行社又开了新的分店。
☛Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent. 空气是一种气体的综合体，其中氧气占了
21%。
7. 从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，常用which。
☛He can write a letter in English, which I can not. 他可以用英语写信，我不能。
☛Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not. 金属能承受得住用锤子敲打，但是石头则
不能。
8. 非限制性定语从句中的关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时，常用which。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 6☛He said he had passed the exam, which was untrue. 他说他通过了考试，这是假的。
1.（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the
fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with
historical buildings of the past.
2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked
just perfect.
3.（2023·全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A
Fable for Tomorrow”.
1.【2023届山东省济南市山东师范大学附属中学高三模拟】The doctor may also ask the patient about stress at
work or home and any difficulties 67 may be causing the patient to be out of balance.
2.【2023届重庆市第八中学校高三下学期高考考前模拟】 Local legend has it that a white snake spirit was
once imprisoned in the five-story, eight-sided pagoda by a monk, 75 tried to separate the immortal spirit
from a mortal lover.
3.【2023届山东省实验中学高三二模】The IOC has a complete guide for those 96 want to apply to
these contests.
考点二 关系副词的用法
当定 语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的
三个关系副词。
关系副词 先行词 作用
表时间的介词(如：in, on, at, during等)＋
when 时间名词 时间状语
which；
地点名词或抽象名词 表地点的介词(如：in, at, on, under 等)＋
where (situation ， point ， 地点状语 which；
activity，case，stage等)
why the reason 原因状语 表原因的介词(如：for)＋which。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 7We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时候天气可能会更好。
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?
你知道他昨天为什么没有出席会议的原因吗？
1. when的用法
when修饰时间名词，在从句中作时间状语。其先行词通常为time, day, year, week等。
I'll never forget the day when my son was born.
我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。
易错点：当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词不用when而用that或which。
The season which/that they were talking about was autumn.
他们正在谈论的季节是秋天。
2. where的用法
a. where用于修饰地点名词如 place, park, factory, house等。在从句中作地点状语，相当于介词
+which。
Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。
b.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family等时，如果
引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。
Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。
She's in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her.
她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。
c.先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。
Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties.
请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。
Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。
3. why的用法
why相当于for which, 在从句中作原因状语，但若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，定语从句要
用that或which引导。
Can you tell me the reason why(=for which) you are late again?
你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？
The boss doesn’t want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give.
老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 81.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy
peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45borrowing___ (borrow) some familiar words
from many age-old fables.
2.【2023年北京卷】Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were
attending a water conference.
1.（2023·江苏省高邮市第一中学月考）Despite it being a busy work day, thousands of people wearing black
came to the Mingyangshan Mortuary House in the city, ____59____the memorial service was held at 10 am, to
present bouquets (花束) and bunches of rice and pay tribute (颂词) to Yuan.
2.（2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测）Legends have been passed on about Zheng He in the countries and regions
____41____ he set foot.
3.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟第一次联考英语试题）In recent years, by making use of its cultural advantages,
Jingdezhen has organized important activities on ceramic arts. These events have transformed Jingdezhen into an
incredible platform for diversified cooperation and communication, ____41____ young artistic talents are drawn
to its flame like moths.
考点三 介词+关系代词/关系副词
1 关系 代词的确定
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是
人，则引导词用whom。
This is the train on which I went to Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。
This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.
这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。
介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 9置。
My youngest brother，whom I have to look after，is demanding.
我得照看我最小的弟弟，他真是让人费神。
2 关系代词前介词的确定
a. 依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。
The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.
我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州因此而闻名。(be famous for)
b. 根据先行词来确定。
I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)
Air, without which man can't live, is really important.
空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(without air)
3 “名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none＋of＋which/whom”等。
Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.
问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。
He has three sons, none of whom are doctors.
他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。
4 “复合介词短语＋关系代词which”
从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。
5 “介词＋which/whom＋不定式”
The poor man has no house in which to live.
→The poor man has no house to live in.
→The poor man has no house in which he can live.
那个穷人没房子住。
有时为表达清楚，也可以在关系副词 where/when前加介词from/to等，平时也应掌握，但非高考重
点。
China is the birthplace of kites，from where kite flying spreads to Japan，Thailand，India and so on.
中国是风筝的发源地，从这里，放风筝传到了日本、泰国、印度等国家。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 101.【2022年天津卷第二次】Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes
round a city or a site are often suggested.
A. for which B. with which
C. for whom D. with whom
2.【2021年天津卷第一次】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we
can learn without repeating them.
A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom
1.（2021·天津红桥区·高三一模）Learning another language is like stepping out of a door, ______I can look back
and see more clearly my own language.
A．By which B．through which C．which D．on which
2.（2023·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底）According to the legend, the Jade Emperor(ruler of heaven) would
like to measure time by twelve different animals. He told animals that he would hold a great race on his birthday,
the prize of ________ was twelve positions on the Chinese zodiac calendar.
3.（2023·湖南省部分校教育联盟摸底测）In the main cultural venue of Jiaxing city’s Xiuzhou District, Zhejiang
Province, a few elderly women are using their imagination and some bright colors to paint the wonderful scenes of
life in Jiangnan, or “south of the Yangtze River”. They are members of a farmer-painter group known as the “Ten
Sisters”, formed in 2009. The group has 12 rural residents, the oldest of ____58____ is 76 years old and the
youngest 61.
考点四 定语从句中的其它问题
一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1. 形式不同
限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限制性定语从句与主句之
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 11间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。
2. 功能不同
限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不
清；而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。
☛People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意
义)
☛His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把
从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整)
3. 翻译不同
在翻译定语从句时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限制性定语从句与主
句分开。
☛He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
☛I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。
4. 含义不同
比较下面的两个句子：
☛I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)
☛I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
5. 先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可
以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性
定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。
☛Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)
☛He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)
☛Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词
为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
☛Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为
表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
6. 关系词不同
关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句
中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。
二、定语从句中的主谓一致
1）在定语从句中，谓语动词的单数，复数依据它所修饰的先行词。
I, who am your teacher, will help you with everything.
He who breaks the school rules should be punished.
Those who break the school rules should be punished.
Anyone who breaks the school rules should be punished.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 122）. One of +the+复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用复数，the only one of +the 复数名词+定语从句，谓语动
词用单数。
He is one of the teachers in our school who teach well.
He is the only one of the teachers in our school who teaches well.
三、the way 后接定语从句的情况。
1．在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当
它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。
2．先行词time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当先行词time作“一段
时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。
①What surprised me was not what he said but the way
he said it.
让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。
②The way he explained to us was quite simple.
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
③It's not the first time (that) you've found yourself in this situation.
你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。
④There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour，one day a week，testing pupils in every
subject.
曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。
四、time后接定语从句的情况。
先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作
“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。
This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face.
这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。
There was a time when I hated going to school.
曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。
五、关系代词和关系副词的辨析
用法 依据
若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词则
根据从句谓语动词
用关系副词。
把关系词放进定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语
根据关系词在从句中作的成分
则用关系副词。
先行词是表示时间或地点等的名词时,如果先行词一样,但是关系词在从句中所作的成分不同,那么所用关系
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 13词也不同。具体分为以下几点:
1.先行词是表示时间或地点的名词
若关系词在从句中作时间状语或地点状语,则用when或where;若作主语、宾语等,则用that或which。
►The date (that/which) I'll always remember is Oct.28, 1968. 我会一直记得的日子是1968年10月28日。
(that/which在从句中作宾语)
►The date when I was born is Oct.28, 1968. 我出生的日子是1968年10月28日。(when在从句中作时间状
语)
►After about an hour's drive, we reached the small town where I was brought up and which/that is located at the
foot of the mountain. 大约一个小时的车程之后,我们抵达这个小镇。我就是在这个小镇长大的,它坐落在山脚
下。(where在从句中作地点状语;which/that在从句中作主语)
2.先行词是表示原因的名词reason若关系词在从句中作原因状语,则用why;若作主语、宾语等,则用that或
which。
►The reason (which/that) he told me for his being late is that he got up late.他告诉我他迟到的原因是他起床晚
了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)
特别提醒 遇到类似的题目,考生应特别注意从句中动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。及物动词后应接宾
语;不及物动词后如有介词,可加宾语,如无介词,则应用关系副词。
►The reason why he was late is that he got up late.他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。(why在从句中作原因状语)
六、定语从句与其它句型的辨析
1）限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别
关系副词引导限制性定语从句中的关系词有跟他们含义相应的先行词，而引导同位语从句时则没有与他
们含义相应的先行词。
☞Sorry, I’ve forgot the day when we met for the first time.
抱歉，我记不起我们第一次见面的日子了。（定语从句，先行词the day 与when含义相应）
☞I’ve no idea when we met for the first time.
我不知道我们第一次是什么时候见面的。（同位语从句，idea与when没有任何联系）
2）定语从句与时间状语从句的区别
当定语从句的引导词与时间状语从句的连接词都是when时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明时间名词，只
能放在先行词的后面；而时间状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。
☞Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句）
☞It was already five o’clock when the class was over.
=When the class was over, it was already five o’clock.
当课结束时，已经是五点钟了。（时间状语从句）
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 143）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别
当定语从句的引导词与地点状语从句的连接词都是where时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明地点名词；而
状语从句则说明动作发生的地点，where没有对应的地点名词或代词。
☞This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.
这就是几年前我们常居住的地方。（定语从句）
☞Let’s go where we can find a better job.
我们到我们能找到更好工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）
4）定语从句与强调句型的区别
定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制，关系词可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面，句子中的It有
所指；而强调句型是对某部分加强语气，强调语气的连接词只能是that, who，并且句子中的It 没有任何
意义；一般比较明显，而有时就难以区别，还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。
It is a book that he wants.
它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句，就要从语境上来考察。如果它是用来回答What is this / that? 这样的问
题，意思是：它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What does he want? 这样的
问题，那么意思是：他想要的是一本书。显然，句子是强调句型。
5）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别
定语从句中的关系词在从句中还要作某种成分，因而从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词不作
任何句子成分，因此句子成分完整。
☞It is such an interesting book as we all like.
它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。（定语从句）
☞It is such an interesting book that we all like it.
它是一本如此有趣的书，我么大家都喜欢它。（结果状语从句）
比较：It is such an interesting book that we all like. 强调句型。意思是：我们大家都喜欢的是一本如此有趣
的书。
6）定语从句与独立主格结构的区别
定语从句一般有关系词、主谓结构完整；而独立主格结构没有关系词、也没有谓语动词。
☞The book being very interesting, we all like it. 由于这本书有趣，我们大家都喜欢它。
☞The book which / that is very interesting was published last year. 这本有趣的书是去年出版的。
1. 【2023年全国甲卷】 She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun.
2.【2022年全国乙卷】They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.
3.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 151. (广东省信宜市第二中学2023学年高三试题) And then I decided to live without it and just enjoy life. That’s
the reason ___ __ ___ I’m happy now.”
2.（河北省石家庄市二中2023年高三试题）However, after 2012 the number of mid-lake islands __ _____ __
the gulls made their nests kept decreasing, leading to the number of the baby gulls dropping to 2,000.
过关检测
1.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）The typical Chinese alcoholic beverage is baijiu, ________ is made from
various grains.
2.（2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研）Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous artists in the world, _______full
name is really a long one, in fact a mixture of many names.
3.（2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考）His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” was a
determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things_______ other people make.”
4.（2023·湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考）“Hello, Mr. Herriot.” I heard his voice. I turned a blank gaze on him
— I just had no idea ____ ____ he was though his face was familiar.
5.（2023·江苏省无锡市）If everyone on your team is working different hours, you may be getting emails and
messages at all hours of the day, night or weekend, _______can create an always available, or "always-on”
environment.
6. 【2023届湖南省岳阳市平江县高三下学期教学质量监测（三）】Wu explains the process of straw
weaving: 4 (select) of materials is the first step of a complicated, time-consuming and labor-intensive process
5 can take weeks, or even months, to complete.
7.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）These events have transformed Jingdezhen into an incredible
platform for diversified cooperation and communication, ________ young artistic talents are drawn to its flame
like moths.
8.（2023·江苏省徐州市第七中学学情调研）However, he could not forget about an earlier time ________ his
village had been struggling with a serious air quality problem.
9. 【22023届天一大联考广东省高三年级模拟考试（三）】Produced 13 ( annual) by the China
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 16Consumers Association since 2017, the report, 14 measures consumer satisfaction levels based 15
feedback from consumers, takes into account consumer supply, consumer environment, and consumer rights
protection.
10.【2023届辽宁省沈阳市第二中学高三下学期模拟考试】“A barbecue restaurant owner I know told me to
come back on Monday, so as to leave the weekends to out-of-town visitors,” said Huang Yang, a native of Zibo city
in Shandong province 51 works outside his hometown.
51．考查定语从句。句意：黄杨是山东省淄博市人，在外地打工，他说……。分析句子可知，空处引导限
制性定语从句修饰先行词a native，先行词为人，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词who或that。故
填who/that。
11.【2023届江西省师范大学附属中学三模】There are many jump patterns, most of 89 are
accompanied by a song.
12.（2023·江苏省徐州市第七中学摸底学情调研）Hot pot, as a traditional Chinese folk dish, has become a
favorite dish throughout China since at least the Han Dynasty, ____ ____ is particularly true during winter
months.
13.（2023·江苏省泰州中学调研）Most skiing competitions of the Winter Olympics were held in areas northwest
of Beijing, ____ ___ it’s cold in the winter but often doesn’t snow much.
14.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三 5月适应性考试】Behind Zibo’s sudden fame 17
(be) the efforts and services of the local government, as well as a good reputation of local businesses, 18
receive favorable reviews from visitors who share their experiences online.
15. 【2023届江西省重点中学盟校高三第二次联考】“By the time the CR450 94 (come) into
operation, the national railway network will have been extended to 165,000 km, 50,000 km of 95 will be
high-speed lines.” Zhao said.
16.【2023届四川省成都市石室中学高三高考冲刺卷】Du Bo, head of Tahe county’s bureau (局) of culture,
radio, television and tourism in Heilongjiang province, drew the attention of Chinese netizens by a short video, in
43 Du wears a white headwear of deer antlers (鹿角), 44 (dress) like a “white deer fairy” wandering in
a snow-covered birch forest.
17.【2023届浙江省重点中学拔尖学生培养联盟高三5月】The exhibition is divided into three galleries 54
showcase the history of the unification of China by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, his tomb, and the 55
(mystery) Terracotta Warriors.
18.【2022届广东省高三综合能力测试（三）】The Shenzhou-13 crew have 61 (safe) returned to
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 17Earth after their six- month orbital trip, 62 nearly doubled the previous record of China’s longest single-
flight space mission of 92 days set by the Shenzhou-12.
19.【2023届江苏省南京市金陵中学高三模拟测试】Tsering Yangdron, a 25-year-old Monba, one of the ethnic
groups 72 live in this region, skillfully makes her way through the garden, carefully picking tender tea
leaves and tossing them into a bamboo basket tied to her waist.
20.【2023届安徽省合肥市第六中学高三最后一卷】: It is usually around 120 centimeters long, and has three
strings stretched over a fingerboard, 88 allows for extensive glissando, or the glide from one pitch to another.
21.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）These events have transformed Jingdezhen into an incredible
platform for diversified cooperation and communication, ________ young artistic talents are drawn to its flame
like moths.
22.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）The typical Chinese alcoholic beverage is baijiu, ________ is made from
various grains.
23.（2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研）Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous artists in the world, _______full
name is really a long one, in fact a mixture of many names.
24.（2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考）His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” was a
determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things_______ other people make.”
25.（2023·重庆市巴蜀中学月考） “It can get really crowded with customers, especially on weekends, during
______ we need to keep the door open from 11 in the morning to 12 midnight, ” a shop owner said.
27.（2023·江西省新高三第一次摸底联考）Making friends was my big concern at first but I soon settled in and
became good friends with the fellow teachers. There weren’t many foreigners at the school in ___44___ I was
teaching, but I had plenty of friendly neighbours to keep me company. They often had me round for dinner!
28.（2023·河南省信阳高级中学）Zhoukoudian is a small village lying about 50 kilometers to the southwest of
Beijing City. In the 1920s, archaeologists ( 考 古 学 家 ) discovered some prehistoric human bones there,
____41____changed people’s view of China’s history.
29.（2023·山西省高三1月适应性调研考试（一模））In addition to the new rocket for manned mission, China
is also developing a new crewed capsule and a lunar lander, _______ will be able to send three astronauts to the
lunar orbit and allow two of them to land on the moon.
30.（2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考）The PLA Navy currently operates two carriers CNS Liaoning and CNS
Shandong, both of ____ ____ have a displacement of around 50, 000 tons and use a ski jump mode for launching
fixed wing aircraft.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 1831.（2023·福建省漳州市第一次教学质量检测）The documentary film The Magical Craftsmanship of Suzhou,
featuring Chinese intangible cultural heritages, was launched in Australia and New Zealand on July 28, 2022.
Before launching, it was released in North America in June, ____ ____ stimulated a wide discussion on the eastern
aesthetics(美学)and the intangible cultural heritages.
32.（2023·山东省“学情空间”区域教研共同体联考）Another concern is new food allergies because some
GMO food（转基因食品） contain proteins _____ _____ people have never eaten before.
33.（2023·山东省青岛市测试）Since 2016 when the company was founded, Chop Value has rescued billions of
chopsticks from landfills. Instead of an economy of the typical take-make-dispose model, Chop Value seeks to
create one _____45_____ transforms waste into a usable resource.
34.（2023·河北省秦皇岛市部分学校摸底）The awards ceremony for the One Step Chinese–Hungarian Drawing
Competition was held online in China’s Hubei province and Hungary’s Gyor-Moson-Sopron county last week. The
event,____ ____drew nearly 100 participants, including students and teachers, was jointly organized by the
respective local governments.
35.（2023·河北省保定市部分学校联考）Thanks to the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, consumption
____56____ is related to the ice-snow industry has gained steam across China.
36.（2023·江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二）He learned carpentry in his teens, after ____ ____ he taught
himself the arts of painting, poetry, calligraphy and seal cutting.
37.（2023·）It was Dragonboat Day. Shiny white tents lined the waterfront, shade and refreshments for Dragon
Boat paddlers (桨手) from all over California, ____37____ gathered around the Castaic Lake for a festive
competition.
38.（2023·广东省六校高三第一次联考）As China’s gig economy (零工经济) continues to grow, the central
government is seeking better regulations to serve the rights of workers, develop new skills and startups and ensure
healthy and balanced development in the job market. Gig workers, often referred to as independent contractors (承
包者) or temporary workers, are those such as delivery drivers and online sales hosts ___ ____ often enter into
contracts with on-demand companies to provide services to their clients.
Having survived many centuries, kites have become one of the country’s representative traditional handicrafts,
_ ____ ___ making techniques were included in the list of China’s national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化
遗产) in 2006.
40.（2023·广东省大联考）The typical Chinese alcoholic beverage is baijiu, ____41____ is made from various
grains.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 1941.（2023·广东省广州市阶段测试）China has the world’s largest number of world natural heritage sites,
according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration. The country is now home to 14 world natural
heritage sites and four mixed sites, ____37____ are noted for both cultural and natural features, both leading the
world in terms of quantity, the administration said.
42.（2023·广东省清中、河中、北中、惠中联考）The Wuyi Mountain National Park experimental area is the
only park in China ____41____ is listed as a UNESCO cultural and natural heritage site.
43.（2023·山东省曲阜市第一中学模拟）Nature has prepared them for the cold conditions. But nothing has
prepared the bears for the danger ____38____ threatens their only home.
44.（2023·江苏省镇江市统考）Beijing is a city that straddles(跨越)the divide between the ancient and the
modern. It is home to more than 3,000 years of fascinating history, and a place ____37____ fully embraces the
fast-paced development of modern life, with high-rise 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with
cultural relics of the past.
45.（2023·江苏省高邮市第一中学月考）Despite it being a busy work day, thousands of people wearing black
came to the Mingyangshan Mortuary House in the city, ____59____the memorial service was held at 10 am, to
present bouquets (花束) and bunches of rice and pay tribute (颂词) to Yuan.
46.（2023·重庆市巴蜀中学月考卷（一））The first-ever online marketplace for allotments(菜地), AllotMe, has
unveiled plans for rapid expansion after securing more than 250, 000$ from investors. Proposed in May last year
by Conor Gallapher, the plan seeks to address the shortage of available garden space in response to rising demand
in towns and cities, particularly in London,____58____ there are waiting lists of up to 40 years for allotment sites.
47.（2023·广东省名校联盟高三大联考试题）Bungee jumping originated with an ancient adult initiation
ceremony on the Pentecost Islands in Vanuatu,________young men jumped off a high platform with vines (葡萄
藤) attached to their feet as a test of their courage and passage into manhood.
48.（2023·河北省五个一名校联盟摸底）“OMG! It's so cute!” Since posts with such descriptions spread on
social media in ____36____ a lovable panda is waving and smiling, Bing Dwen Dwen has become a star in the
Olympic Villages, venues, and almost everywhere.
49.（2023·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研）Gabriel’s study found that people ____40____ have strong bonds to
others are more likely to use comfort foods after an argument or other emotionally stressful occasion.
50.（2023·湖北省联考） These are the famous chime-bells of Marquis Yi of the Zeng State, the largest and most
complete set of chime-bells ________ exists today in China.
51.（2023·山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模）Becca Rodomsky-Bish,________works at the Cornell Lab of
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 20Ornithology in New York, is the project’s leader.
52.（2023·浙江省杭州第二中学新适应性测试）Over the past 40 years, Du Dejian has received numerous
visitors at the library ___36___ he established in his home in Zhangfang village of Yongji, Shanxi province.
53.（2023·湖南省邵阳市第二中月考）Youth Day in China falls on May 4. It originates from the May 4th
Movement, ____36____ happened during World War One. China attended the so called “Peace Conference” in
Paris as one of the victorious nations.
54.（2023·河北省石家庄市全过程试题）But when I came to the special education school, I even found a
completely blind teacher was giving a class, ___ __ ___ inspired e to work hard to become a special education
teacher in the future,” Zhang said.
55.（2023·广东省深圳市二调） This is a performance_______requires extraordinary courage, skill and strength.
56.（2023届湖北省高三5月国度省考模拟测试试题） Having survived many centuries, kites have become
one of the country’s representative traditional handicrafts, _ ____ ___ making techniques were included in the list
of China’s national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2006.
57.（2023届湖南省长沙市第一中学高三模拟试题） Technological transformation is affecting the way in
________ people learn and children grow.
58. (2023届河北省衡水中学高三下学期五调试题）Thousands of years ago, they formed those ancient tea
plantations,________ are the best gift that nature has granted us.
59.（2023届浙江省9 1高中联盟年高三5月高考模拟试卷）Among the civilian teams that left for Turkey on
Wednesday was Blue Sky Rescue, a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization, ________ members come from
provincial-level regions of China.
60.（2023届哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三第三次模拟考试） JongMay thought it was her “Chinese-style
princess dream” ________ led her back to China. She launched a company in April aiming for the promotion of
traditional Chinese culture through social media videos.
61.（2023届湖北省高三年级5月份联考试题） These are the famous chime-bells of Marquis Yi of the Zeng
State, the largest and most complete set of chime-bells ________ exists today in China.
62.（2023届山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模试题）Becca Rodomsky-Bish,________works at the Cornell Lab
of Ornithology in New York, is the project’s leader.
63.（河北省石家庄市2023年高三第二学期全过程试题）But when I came to the special education school, I
even found a completely blind teacher was giving a class, ___ __ ___ inspired e to work hard to become a special
education teacher in the future,” Zhang said.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 2164.（2023届广东省深圳市高三年级二调试题） This is a performance_______requires extraordinary courage,
skill and strength.
65.（2023年浙江宁波镇海中学测试） To practise calligraphy requires the basic tools of four treasures of study,
writing brush, ink stick, paper, and ink slab as well as much concentration on guiding the soft writing brush charged
with fluid ink, and writing on the paper________the ink will diffuse (扩散) quickly.
66.（2023年浙江省北斗星盟高三5月联考试题）Taiping Kowkui. Every spring foggy days moisten
the emerald hillsides, villagers know their harvest will come.
真题演练
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-
paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____44____ (wonder) standing side by side
with historical buildings of the past.s
2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked
just perfect.
3.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy
peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many
age-old fables.
4.【2023年全国甲卷】Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A
Fable for Tomorrow.”...
5. 【2023年全国甲卷】 She even played some recordings of their singing, what was fun.
【2023年北京卷】Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were
attending a water conference.
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live
within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
2.【2022全国甲卷】On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the
age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 223.【2022年浙江1月】Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small
but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
4. 【2022年北京卷】That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use.
【2022年全国乙卷】They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger.
5. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Guide books are prepared to suit the convenience of the traveler, ________ routes
round a city or a site are often suggested.
A. for which B. with which
C. for whom D. with whom
2021年
1.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】I decided that if I learned of a company ____ 5 9____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send
it an email urging it to cut back.
2.【2021.1 浙江卷】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2 gives an indication of
whether someone is a healthy weight.
3.【2021年北京卷】Dreams might be a side effect of memory making. When you sleep,your brain sorts through
everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.
4.【2021年北京卷】The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____15____ she lived．
2．【2021年天津卷第一次】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________
we can learn without repeating them.
A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom
3. 【2021年天津卷第二次】In the spring, a season ________ we are 1earning new rhythms of life，many of us
find comfort in the natural world.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
4.【2021.3 天津卷 】At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands artists demonstrate their skills
and teach the visitors.
A.where B.which C. that D. when
5.【2021年天津卷第一次】At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate
their skills and teach the visitors.
A．where B．which C．that D．when
2020年
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 231.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had
to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 2.
【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. 3.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】In ancient
China lived an artist61. paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.
4.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the
food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
5.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38.
(form) the core collection of the British Museum 39. opened in 1759.
6.【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】The Digital World is a set of volumes____40____aim to describe how
digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many
interacting parts. 7. 【2020年天津卷第一次】Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s,
____________he gave it to his grandson.
A. which B. when C. where D. who
8.【2020年江苏卷】 Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.
A. whose B. which C. when D. whom
2019年
1.【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
2.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，
___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have
3.【2019年全国卷III】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for
these animals.
4.【2019年全国卷III】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created
for them.
5.【2019年北京卷】The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in
academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).
6.【2019年浙江卷6月】Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an
interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
7..【2019年江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 248.【2019年天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where
C. which D. what
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 25
