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第 15 讲 主谓一致（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题主谓一致考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023年 新高考I卷 语法填空: /
新高考** 错误 语法填空:/
的表达式 **卷
全国甲卷 语法填空:/
短文改错：become改为becomes
全国乙卷 语法填空: was amazed
短文改错：/
北京卷 语法填空: has established
浙江卷 (1月)语法填空: were permitted
(6月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择：
2022年 新高考I卷 语法填空: were；
is designed
新高考** 错误 语法填空: was fixing
的表达式 **卷
全国甲卷 语法填空: has walked
短文改错：
2. was→were
4. become→became
全国乙卷 语法填空: /
短文改错：lives改为live
北京卷 语法填空: has increased；
has
浙江卷 (1月)语法填空: are ；
is viewed或has been viewed
(6月)语法填空: /
天津卷 单项选择：were distributed
2021年 新高考I卷 语法填空: /
新高考** 错误 语法填空:/
的表达式 **卷
全国甲卷 语法填空: was built
短文改错：/
全国乙卷 语法填空:/
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 1短文改错：/
北京卷 语法填空: connects;
Has been
浙江卷 (1月)语法填空: is considered
(6月)语法填空: was painted
天津卷 （第一次）单项选择: are being displayed
（第二次）单项选择: were distributed；
prepares
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年对于主谓一致主要考查：
1. 一般现在时中的主谓一致；
2. 现在完成时中的主谓一致；
3. 被动语态中的主谓一致。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；
2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；
3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；
4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
【命题预测】
预计2024年高考主谓一致仍然是考查的重点、难点和热点。主谓一致不会单独考查，一般会与名词、动词的时
态和语态放在一起考查。
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，
即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。做题时还要保证时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。
考点一 就近一致原则
1. 由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语
动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Neither Jim nor his parents know anything about it.
吉姆和他母亲都不知道这件事。
2. 在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的
主语保持一致。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 2There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
→There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.
桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。
3. many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Many a parent was forced to go through this same painful process.
很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。
1．Either the manager or his assistants (is, are) to attend the meeting.
2．Not only the students but also the teacher (be) against the plan at that time.
1. Neither we nor he (be) willing to accept the result.
2．Tom, along with his parents, (be) going to pay a visit to China next month.
3．Here (be) a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.
考点二 语法一致原则
1. 当 主语后面接由as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather
than, with, together with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，
这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。
Pronunciation as well as grammar changes quickly.
发音与语法一样变化很快。
2. 由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持
一致。
A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school.
很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。
A great deal of water is polluted every year.
每年大量的水被污染。
易混点：quantities/amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity和amount的单复数形式。
Quantities of information are available on the Internet.
在网上可得到大量的信息。
3. 定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 3句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。
Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study.
在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。
Russia is upgrading its northern fleet, which includes 18 icebreakers.
俄罗斯正在升级它的北海舰队，准备增加18艘破冰船。
4. 倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致
a．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后
面的主语是复数，动词用复数。
A building stands in front of us.
→In front of us stands a building.
我们面前矗立着一栋楼。
b．在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词 that(或who)后面的谓语与被强调的成
分在人称和数上保持一致。
It is Lily who is a doctor.
莉莉是一名医生。
5. 动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.
学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。
That he has won the game is known to us all.
他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。
Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport, but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.
夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。
注意：从句作主语时，若主句谓语部分为系表结构，主句谓语的数通常由作表语的名词/代词决定。
What they need is money while what we need most are textbooks.
他们需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。
1.（2020·新课标卷I·语法填空）“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University,
says, “because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68
(construct).”
2.（2020·新课标卷III·短文改错）My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
1. (2023·江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模) China is known as the home of tea. It is said that
Shennong discover tea around 2700 B．C． At first, tea leaves ________ (chew).
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 42.(2023·浙江省9 1高中联盟年高三5月高考模拟)Among the civilian teams that left for Turkey on Wednesday
______(be) Blue Sky Rescue, a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization, whose members come from provincial-
level regions of China.
3.（2023·浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考）Even the Changjiang-1000A engine, a domestic alternative,
________ (have) many imported parts.
考点三 意义一致原则
1. and, both ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的
两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are on holiday.
她的老师和朋友们都在度假中。
The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
2.“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用
单数。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held next Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。
3.“a number of＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复
数名 词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A number of measures were being taken to protect the endangered animals
人们正采取各种措施保护濒危动物。
The number of staff has declined from 218,000 to 116,000.
员工人数从21.8万下降到了11.6万。
4.分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。the rest, the
remaining/part ...，plenty of, a great deal of等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。
The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was very boring.
讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。
About one third of the books are worth reading.
这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
Only 60 percent of the work was finished yesterday.
昨天只干了60%的活。
5. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，
谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government,
audience等。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
The class are doing experiments.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 5全班学生都在做实验。
6.示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand miles is a long distance.
三千英里是一段很长的距离。
7.以s/ics结尾的学科名词，如physics, politics等及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Bad news travels quickly.
[谚语]坏事传千里。
2. 单复数同形的名词，如：deer， sheep， fish， means， works， Chinese等作主语时，
要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
All means have been tried.
所有方式都试过了。
Every means has been tried.
每一种方式都试过了。
3. “the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The wounded have been cured and the lost have been found.
受伤的人被治愈，同时失踪的人也被找到了.
1. （2020·天津卷3月·单项填空）11. A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this
city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2. 【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining,
six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
1.（2023·浙江省金华十校模拟）Lake Powell, the second largest human-made reservoir (水库) in the US, has
lost nearly 7% of its potential storage capacity since it ______ (build) in 1963.
2. 1. All we need _________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit
trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 6过关检测
1.（2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考）Compared with the two predecessors, the Fujian is much bigger and
heavier. In addition to the J-15 fighter jet, the new carrier __________ (expect) to have new advanced combat
planes or drones.
2.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）As the most important ceramic production center in China,
Jingdezhen produces high-quality porcelain that ____37____ (appreciate) both in China and worldwide.
3.（2023·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底）The 12 animal signs of the Chinese zodiac ________(divide) into
2 categories by Chinese philosophy—Yin and Yang Theory.
4.（2023·江苏省盐城四校联考）Nowadays, face masks________(wear) all over the world, but China is one of
first countries to realize the importance off the wearing of face masks. In fact, it is also a result of traditional
cultural factors in China.
5.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）Finally, soup ________(bring)onto the table, followed by the staple food,
rice, noodles, or sometimes dumplings.
6.（2023·江苏省南通市海安市统考）Over the past two decades, the positive psychology movement ___36___
(brighten) up psychological research with its science of happiness, human potential and flourishing. It argues that
psychologists should investigate not only mental illness but also what makes life worth living.
7.（2023·江苏省决胜新高考4月大联考）Xidi village ________ (compose) of more than 300 civil residences,
most of which were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
8.（2023·重庆市巴蜀中学模拟）One of the quickest ways to make carpets, tufting guns______ (exist) for
decades.
9.（2023·江苏省无锡市江阴市统考）The show’s director Li Lu, who became well known for his anti-corruption
series in the Name of the People in 2017, said “China_________( witness) dramatic changes over the past five decades
and it is time to create such a drama to remember the past.”
10.（2023·河北省“五个一”名校联盟统考）In recent years, “reverse tourism" _______(emerge) as a new
trend among young holidaymakers in China.
11.（2023·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研）Sometimes when we eat, what we’re hungry for isn’t food — it’s the
taste of memory. Studies show that foods we think of as comfort foods don’t contain any magical properties. What
might be comforting ________ (be) the feeling of closeness to other people they can bring.
12.（2023·贵州省联考）“Since I first came to Shanghai, I ________(be) impressed by the kindness and
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 7friendliness of the people here. Everyone I met gave me a big smile, whether sanitation workers(环卫工人) on the
streets or cashiers in convenience stores. Their smiles have made me feel the warmth of the city,” she said.
13.（2023·江西省九江市一模） Xu’s village is located at the base of Moon Hill, a popular tourist destination
famous for a moon-shaped hole at the summit. She __ ___ (work) as a tour guide and vendor(小贩)in Yangshuo
since 1998, when the area became popular with foreign backpackers and organized tours.
14.（2023·广西南宁市高三下学期 5月模拟）He says that watching TV series __________ (help) teenagers
forget about the pressures of exams and homework, and the troubles which fill the world today.
15.（2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考）Often called the Porcelain (瓷器) Capital for its important role in
the domestic and international ceramic (陶瓷) industry, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province is famous for its ancient
porcelain production that _______ (date) back to more than 1, 700 years ago.
真题演练
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ____46Having visited____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I
____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich
heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
2.【2023年全国甲卷】 In the evening, when I take a walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become
more meaningful to me.
3. 【2023年北京卷】Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
【2023年浙江卷1月】Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the
circles.
2022年
1.【2022 新高考 I 卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________
(be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The
GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of
natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious
natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
2.【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
3.【2022 年浙江卷 1 月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane
________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 84.【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences
to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part
in dealing with the climate change crisis. ...On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200
academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort
started two years ago.
5.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric
hanging from the balcony.
6.【2022年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____
(have) no recognisable smell.
7. 【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t
survive if this situation continues.
8. 【2022年全国乙卷】A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists.
8.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last
Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
9. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make
better decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares
C. is preparing D. are preparing
2021年
1.【2021.6 新高考 1 卷】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard
it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
2.【2021.6 全国甲卷】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been
completely restored（修复）.
3.【2021.6 浙江卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home
in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
4.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
5.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 96.【2021.1 浙江卷】In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
7.【2021.6全国甲卷 改错】One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble?
8．【2021年北京卷】As it ____13____ (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a
dream．
9.【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the
past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United
Nations.
10. 【2021年天津卷第一次】We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
9．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it
would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
2020年
1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂
because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct)＂
2.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】 This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62. (carry) special significance.
3. 【2020全国Ⅲ卷】For example, every morning, my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an
apple. My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
4.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or
rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for
research.
5.【2020年浙江卷1月】Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位
数的)age of an American in 1950___56___(be)30-today it is 41 and is expected___57to increase___(increase)to 42
by 2050. ...
6. 【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】 Because the number of possible topics____43____（be）practically
limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic
principles of technology. Readers____44____（encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 10guidance of _____45_ our ____ （we）Further Resources section featured in each volume.
7.【2020年北京卷】Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1__(play) a big role in his life.
"
8.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away.
9.【2020年浙江卷7月】And，as more children were born，more food ___59___(need).
10 【2020年天津卷第一次】—The machine is working again！
—Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________.
A. has been fixed B. is being fixed
C. had been fixed D. would be fixed
11. 【2020年天津卷第一次】A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city
____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
12. 【2020 年江苏卷】If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ______
everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited
2019年
1.【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear
sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66belief___ (believe) that populations are increasing. ...
Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one
is increasing, and nine lack enough data.2.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up
work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years.”
3.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
4.【2019年全国卷III】
... On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm
on the North Shore under the stars，___70listening___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
5.【2019年全国卷III】I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to open a cafe. Though it may
appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
6.【2019年北京卷】Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question
___7___(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't.
7. 【2019年浙江卷6月】When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry
about fashion(时尚).
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 118. 【2018年浙江卷11月】 You probably _____56_____(use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine
_____57_____(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine.
9.【2019年江苏卷】The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three
months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
10.【2019年天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village
last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 12
