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第 11 讲谓语动词的时态（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题谓语动词的时态考点细目表
时间 卷次 语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023年 新高考I卷 语法填空: /
新高考** 错误 语法填空: I ___65_ wished__ (wish)
的表达式 **卷
全国甲卷 语法填空: /
短文改错:make改为made
全国乙卷 语法填空:was amazed;
means;
短文改错: choose改为chose
北京卷 语法填空: 11. would throw 13. had arrived
has established
浙江卷 语法填空1月: featured
天津卷 单项选择:
2022年 新高考I卷 语法填空: were;
is designed
新高考** 错误 语法填空: 42. was fixing
的表达式 **卷
43. threw
全国甲卷 语法填空: has walked
短文改错:
was改为were;
become改为became;
全国乙卷 语法填空: addressed
短文改错:
were改为are。
北京卷 语法填空: caught;
has;
has increased
浙江卷 语法填空1月: is viewed或has been viewed
are；
have promised
天津卷 第二次单项选择: were distributed；
prepares；
had cancelled
2021年 新高考I卷 语法填空: was
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 1新高考** 错误 语法填空: was。
的表达式 **卷
全国甲卷 语法填空: was built；
hired
短文改错: kept改为keep
全国乙卷 语法填空: /
短文改错: tidying改为tidy
北京卷 语法填空: connects;
has been。
浙江卷 语法填空1月: is considered；
was
语法填空6月: sold；
has proved 或 has proven；
was painted
天津卷 第一次单项选择：have done；
are being displayed；
第二次单项选择: had been offered；
will be delivering
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年高考试题对于谓语动词时态的考查是热点和重点，各考查点的分布如下：
1． 一般现在时的意义和构成；
2． 现在完成时的意义和构成；
3． 一般过去时的意义和构成；
4．过去进行时的意义和构成；
5. 过去完成时的意义和构成；
6. 将来进行时的意义和构成。
【备考策略】
1. 了解并能正确运用必考的10种时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、
过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时）；
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)
时 体 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 2一般体 do / does did shall/will do should/would do
shall/will be doing[来
进行体 am/is/are doing was/were doing should/would be doing
源:学。科。网]
完成体 have/has done had done shall/will have done should/would have done
have/has been shall/will have been should/would have been
完成进行体 had been doing
doing doing doing[来源:Z.xx.k.Com]
2. 熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等高考高频时态；
3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
【命题预测】
预计2024年时态仍将是高考的重点难点和热点，并且主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式考查。在考查时态
的同时，仍然以最基本的时态（一般现在时，一般过去时、现在完成时）为主，但是也会兼顾其他语法内
容的考查。
考点一 一般体
一、 一般现在时
1）一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如
下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-s eat→eats; rise→rises
以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o、-z结尾的动词 加-es discuss→discusses;teach→teaches
以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词 变-y为-ies carry→carries; fly→flies
2）一般选择时的用法
1. 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和 often，always，usually，sometimes，everyday，
once a week等表示频率的时间状语连用。
He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后散步。
My mother works at the same company as my father.
我的母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 3We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是相互关心、相互帮助。
2. 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）。
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东方。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
3. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
Mr Smith hates fish and never eats any.
史密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃鱼。
Mary speaks both English and French very well.
玛丽英语和法语都说得很好。
4. 表示按照时刻表或者时间表安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。
The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飞机上午10点起飞。
Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。
5. 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。
I can’t leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否则我不能走。
注意：
if 条件状语从句中可用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.
如果你愿意接受我的邀请来参加我们的聚会，我的家人会很高兴。
一般现在时用法口诀
用好一般现在时，时间状语需牢记。
基本用法要记清，动作习惯经常性。
客观真理和能力，有时还表将来时。
谓语若为行为动，形式还要主语定。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 4主语人称是三单，动词要把-s/-es添。
句中若把助动用，谓语动词用原形。
二、 一般过去时
1）一般过去时的构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式表示,其动词规则变化如下表所示:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed play→ played; discuss→discussed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为-ied carry→carried; try→tried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重度 双写辅音字母加-ed plan→ planned; refer→ referred
闭音节动词
以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加-d provide→ provided; like→liked
2) 一般过去时的用法
1. 表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other
day等作时间状语。
It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. 你昨天上交的作业真是很糟糕。
He came to work here two weeks ago. 他两周前来这儿上班的。
2. 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小时候，经常在大街上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown夫妇访问期间，不论走
到哪里，都受到了热烈的欢迎。
3. 用于固定句型中。
It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡觉的时间了。
I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
4. wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。
Sorry, I didn’t see the sign over there. 对不起，我（刚才）没看见那边的指示牌。
5. 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨，他就不去。
6. 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般
过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等，表示＂本来认为＂。
I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 5I thought he had heard the news. 我原以为他已经听说了这个消息。
常见考法：
1. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来；
2. 没有时间状语时灵活选用一般过去时的情况；
3. as if /as though引导的从句中用一般过去表示虚拟语气。
【误区提醒】
时间和条件状语从句中用错时态；没时间状语时习惯用一般现在时。
一般过去时用法口诀
动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。
句中动词用过去式，过去时间作标记。
否定句，很简单，谓语动词前didn’t添。
疑问构成也有法，主语前面Did加。
还有一点不能忘，后面动词要还原。
三、 一般将来时
1.shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2.be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划或安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3.be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4.be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 6He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5.一般现在时表将来。
a. 下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表
示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
—When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开？
—It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后。
b. 以here，there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
c. 在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes不是will come., ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
d. 在动词hope，take care that，make sure that等的宾语从句中。
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
6.用现在进行时表示将来。
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。
I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿待到下周吗？
【易混辨析】
用于条件句时， If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as
be going to
be going to表将来 soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes
用于条件句时，
will on you in front of the mirror. 如果你脱掉衣服，我们将在镜子
will表意愿
前为你穿上新的衣服。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 7表示客观安排或受
be to I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)
人指示而做某事
表示主观的打算或
be going to I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
计划
四 、 一般过去将来时
1. 过去将来时的定义
过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
He said he would come here next Friday. 他说他下周五来这儿。
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道当我们陷入困境时他会帮助我们。
2. 过去将来时的结构
（1） would + 动词原形
She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告诉我们说她将一切努
力在本学期赶上其他同学。
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 当你请李雷帮忙时，他绝不会拒绝。
（2）was / were going to + 动词原形
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告诉我说他要参加那次会议。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他说将要派我去火车站接她。
（3）was / were to + 动词原形。
The building was to be completed next month. 这座建筑该在下个月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李雷很快就要到了。
（4）was / were about to + 动词原形。
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我们要离开时，天突然下起
了大雨。
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中饭的时候，门铃响了。
（5）was / were +现在分词。
He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们
学校。
3. 过去将来时的用法
（1）过去将来时，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 8He said he would stay with us. 他说他要与我们待在一起。
He said he would never go there again. 他说他绝不会再去那儿。
（2）过去将来时，用于虚拟语气中。
If I were you, I would not do that. 如果我是你的话，我就不会那样做。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿，他就会向我们展示该如何做了。
【归纳拓展】
was / were going to + 动词原形，was / were to + 动词原形，was / were about to + 动词原形等结构都可
表达当时一种未曾实现的意图或打算。
The conference was going to be held the next month. 会议下个月开。
We were to have our class at eight. 八点我们该上课了。
五、 动词的时态一致原则
(一)主句和名词性从句时态一致原则
下面我们以宾语从句为例说明主句和名词性从句时态呼应的基本规律:
1.主句是现在时或将来时时,从句可以用任何所需要的时态。如:
The woman tells me that she is/was/will be a nurse.
2.主句是过去时态时,从句的时态有下面几种情况:
(1)从句与主句动作同时发生,从句须用一般过去时或过去进行时。如:
I thought he worked very hard.我认为他工作很努力。
The actor said he was living in Beijing.
这位男演员说他住在北京。
(2)如果从句有具体的过去时间点,尽管从句动作发生在主句动作之前,有时仍用一般过去时。如:
She told me her brother died in 1960.
她告诉我她哥哥是1960年去世的。
(3)从句说的是一般真理或客观事实时,即使主句用过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
The teacher told us that the earth is round.
老师告诉我们地球是圆的。
(4)从句动作发生在主句动作之后时,从句须用过去将来时。如:
I knew where Tom would celebrate his birthday.
我知道汤姆将在哪里庆祝生日。
(5)从句动作发生在主句动作之前时,从句须用过去完成时。
(二)主句与状语从句时态一致原则
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 9在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,若主句为一般将来时,则从句往往用一般现在时表将来;若主句为过去时,
则从句也用相对应的过去时。如:
You’ll make progress if you keep working hard.
如果你继续努力,你就会取得进步。
He told us that he wouldn’t give up until he succeeded.
他告诉我们在成功之前他决不放弃。
(三)主句与定语从句时态一致原则
定语从句的动词应根据动词本身所涉及的时间运用恰当的时态。如:
That is the person who will give us a lecture tomorrow.
那就是明天要给我们做报告的那个人。
That was the person who would give us a lecture the next day.
那就是第二天要给我们做报告的那个人。
1.（2023·全国乙卷 语法填空）The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to
protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something
new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
2.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空）As a little girl,I 65. (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
3. [2021·浙江1月卷]If there are three lines in the store, delays ______（happen）randomly at different registers.
1．(2023·广西南宁市高三一模)Oldfashioned but unique architecture ________ (reflect) history, character—even
the culture of a city.
2.(2023·贵州省贵阳市高三一模)A native plant of China, bamboo mainly ________ (grow) in regions south of the
Yangtze River.
3. (2023·江西省高三摸底测试)It has been completely closed off to the public since Gainsbourg's death in 1991,
but next spring it ________ (open) as a museum.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 10考点二 进行体
一、 现在进行时
一、构成：am/is/are + 动词的-ing形式
动词的-ing形式的构成形式
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ing trying; helping
以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节 双写辅音字母加-ing stopping; swimming
以不发音的e结尾的动词 去掉e，加-ing dancing; liking
二、现在进行时的用法：
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
Our friends are waiting for us outside now. 我们的朋友们在外面等我们。
What are you doing? 你在干什么？
He is playing basketball now. 他正在打篮球。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。
She is learning English at college. 她在大学学英语。
Lucy is studying law while her sister is doing physics. 露西学习法律，她姐姐学习物理。（动作在说话时不
一定正在进行）
3. 某些短暂性动词，如come, go, start, open, close, arrive, return, begin, leave等用于进行时，表示按计划、
安排即将发生的动作。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 父亲这个星期六来看我。
He is leaving for Beijing next week. 下周他要去北京。
4. 某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化。
I’m forgetting English. 我的英语快忘记了。
She is losing her eyesight. 她的视力在慢慢地丧失。
5. 表示刚刚过去的动作：（动词为某些表示说话的词：tell，talk，say等）
Believe it or not, I am telling the truth. 不管你信不信，我说的都是实话。
I don’t know what you are talking about. 我不知道你们在说什么。
6. 表示某种感情色彩：与频度副词（always, continually, constantly, for ever）连用。
He is always complaining about the house. 他总是抱怨这间房子。
She is continually finding fault with me. 她总是对我吹毛求疵。
7. 表示婉转语气：（仅限hope, wonder等少数词。）
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 11I am hoping you will give us some advice. 我希望你会给我们一些建议。
I am wondering if you can help us. 我想知道你能否帮我们。
三、 下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时：
①表示心理状态、情感的动词：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，
agree，mean，need等。
②表示存在状态的动词：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belong to等。
③表示行为结果的动词：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete等。
④表示感官的动词：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。
四、 现在进行时和一般现在时的比较
①暂时性动作和经常性动作
The computer is working perfectly.
计算机运转得很好。（暂时）
The computer works perfectly.
计算机运转很好。（一直如此）
②持续性动作和短暂性动作
The bus is stopping.
车停了下来。（渐渐地）
The bus stops. 车停了。（迅速）
③暂时性动作和永久性动作
She is living in the country.
她现在住在农村。（暂时）
She lives in the country.
她住在农村。（永久）
④有感情色彩和没有感情色彩
He is doing well at school.
他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）
He does well at school.
他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 12常见考法：
1. 和被动语态放在一起考查；
2. 现在进行时表示一般将来；
3. 现在进行时表抱怨、批评、赞扬的用法。
误区提醒
1. 对用现在进行时表示一般将来的动词不熟悉；
2. 与被动语态结合起来考查时容易出错；
3. 辨别不出是在表示抱怨、赞扬等，因此不敢用现在进行。
二、 过去进行时
1. 概念：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。
2. 过去进行时的构成：助动词be的过去式形式（was, were）+ 现在分词
否定形式：was / were + not + doing
一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首
3. 过去进行时的用法：
（1）表示过去某一时刻，或某一阶段正在进行的动作。通常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
I was having a bath when the phone rang. 我正在洗澡，突然电话铃响了。
She was writing letters. I didn’t want to disturb her. 她在写信。我不想打扰她。
（2）表示过去习惯性、经常性动作。但是这种习惯性动作具有过去某一阶段的暂时性。
In those days, Tom used to get up at 9:00, but that week, he was getting up at 5:00 every day.
（3）过去进行时经常和always，constantly，forever，continually等频度副词连用，表示说话人对某种行为
的厌烦等不满情绪。
He was always playing tricks on me. 他老是捉弄我。
He was constantly changing his mind. 他老是改变主意。
She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。
（4）表示过去将来时间里按计划或安排即将发生的动作。即表示过去将来。
Four of them were coming for Sunday lunch. 他们有四个人将在星期天来吃午饭。
Her daughter was going to a summer camp the following day. 她的女儿将在第二天去参加夏令营。
（5）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用过去进行时表示过去将来正在进行的动作。
He told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.
I will let you know when Mary is arriving.
（6）动词 hope, wonder 等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 13时或一般过去时要委婉。
I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知道您能不能让我搭一下车。
I was thinking it might be a good idea to keep the window open. 我看还是把窗户开着的好。
注意：
一般过去时也有类似用法，区别在于：一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的，而过去进
行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
（7）过去进行时用于虚拟语气，表示对现在或将来的主观臆想，与事实相反的情况。
She wishes that she were coming with us tomorrow. 她希望明天和我们一起来。（对将来的虚拟）
I wish that they were not talking so loudly. 我希望他们不要说话那么大声。（对现在的虚拟）
注意：
当一般过去时和过去进行时同时出现在句中，通常是表示短暂动作的动词用一般过去时，而表示较长
时间的动作用过去进行时。
4．过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
①一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。
She wrote a letter to her friend last night.
她昨晚给朋友写了封信。（信写完了）
She was writing a letter to her friend last night.
她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。（信不一定写完）
②一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。
She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。
She was waving to me.她不断地朝我挥手。
The boy jumped up and down.这男孩跳了一下。
The boy was jumping up and down.这男孩不停地跳着。
三、 将来进行时
1. 定义：将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
2. 基本结构：主语+will be/be going to be +doing
I will be sleeping at 12:00 p.m. 十二点的时候我将在睡觉。
I will be studying in university at the age of 20. 我20岁的时候我将会在大学里学习。
3. 用法：
（1）表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。
What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一的这个时候你会做什么？
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 14When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report. 明天他来我家时，我将在写报告。
（2）表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来。
I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon. 我想知道今天下午是否还会一直下雨。
I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning. 我想她会一直在做这个实验直到第
二天早上。
（3）表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。
Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay. 明天我将飞往孟买。
After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better. 吃完药后，你会感觉好很多。
（4）表示委婉的请求。
When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候能再见面？
（5）表示原因。
Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning I’ll be having a meeting. 请明天下午过来。明天早上
我将有一个会议。
（6）表示结果。
Stop the child or he will be falling over. 快阻止那个孩子，要不然他会摔跤的。
（7）表示对将来的打算（区别于对将来的预测）
My duties will end in July, and I’ll be returning to Beijing. 七月我将结束工作，返回北京。
四、 现在完成进行时
1. 现在完成进行时的定义
现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。
We have been waiting for him for two hours.
2. 现在完成进行时的结构
have/has been + doing
3. 现在完成进行时所用的时间状语
this month/week/year，these days，recently/lately，in the past few+时间段，since +时间点，for+时间
段。
They have been building the bridge for two months.
They have been planting trees this month. 这个月他们在植树。
4. 现在完成进行时的用法
（1）表示动作的延续
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 15The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中国有2，000年的造纸历史。（动作还将
继续下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（表示在说话
时刻之前刚刚结束的动作）
We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了。（动作不再继续下去）
★ 有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years. 他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years. 我在这里已经工作两年了。
★大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
I have been writing a book. 我一直在写一本书。（动作还将继续下去）
I have written a book. 我已经写了一本书。（动作已经完成）
They have been building a bridge. 他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge. 他们造了一座桥。
★表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了。
I have been knowing...（×）
★ 这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌等。
常见考法：
1. 现在完成进行时的基本用法；
2. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别；
3. 现在完成进行时和其他时态的搭配。
1. 现在完成进行时的构成记忆不清；
2. 不能准确区分现在完成进行和现在完成时的区别；
3. 时态搭配上出现错误。
【疑难辨析】
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的辨析：
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 16（1）现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性
Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他见面吗？
Have you met him recently?你最近见到过他吗？
（2）现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙
I have been waiting for you for two hours.我一直等了你两个小时。（可能表示不满）
I have waited for you for two hours.我等了你两个小时。（说明一个事实）
（3）现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果
Who has been eating the oranges?谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些）
Who has eaten the oranges?谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩）
五 、过去完成进行时
1. 构成：过去完成进行时是由＂had been +现在分词＂构成。
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？
2. 用法：
（1）表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，
过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。过去完成进行时也是一个相对的时态, 上下文中须有明示或
暗示的作为参照的过去的时间。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这东西我找了好多天才找着。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他们只等了几分钟车就来了。
（2）表示反复的动作。
He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
（3）过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。
The doctor asked what he had been eating. 医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我问他们那些天待在哪儿。
（4）过去完成进行时之后也可接具有＂突然＂之意的when从句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
She’d only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her. 她温习
功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 17六、 将来完成进行时
1.将来完成进行时的用法
将来完成进行时表示某一动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间（即说话者人提及的时间），是
否继续下去，要视上下文而定。如：
By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years.
到下星期此刻，我已经为该公司干了24年了。
If we don’t hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.
咱们若不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。
2.将来完成进行时的构成
将来完成进行时由“will / shall have been+现在分词”构成。
By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years. 到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。
I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.
到今年年底，我在这个工厂工作就有20年了。
3.将来完成进行时连用的时间状语
与将来完成进行时连用最多的时间状语时是“by+将来时间”，见上面的例子。当然除“by+将来时
间”外，连用其他的时间状语也是可能的。如：
He will have been working all day. 他整天将都在工作。
She will have been having treatment all her life. 她将终生受到治疗。
I’ll have been teaching for thirty years this winter. 到今年冬天我就已任教三十年了。
4.将来完成进行时的情态意义
“will / shall have been+现在分词”结构除表示将来完成进行时外，有时其中的 will 也可能是情态动
词，具有情态意义，比较表示推测或猜想等。如：
They will have been having a holiday yesterday. 他们昨天大概是在度假。
You’ll have been wondering all this time how my invention works.
我想你这些时候一直想知道我的发明怎样会行得通的。
5.将来完成进行时用于状语从句的变体
正如我们通常要在条件状语从句和时时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时以及用现在完成时
代替将来完成时等一样，如果因语义的需要，我们需要在条件状语从句和时时间状语从句中使用将来完成
进行时，那么我们通常要用现在完成进行时代替将来完成进行时。如：
I’ll have finished in the bathroom in a few minutes. 我一会儿就用完浴室了。
As soon as I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一完事儿，就给你打电话。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 181.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Henry ______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric
hanging from the balcony.
2.【2021·八省1月联考】Apps (short for applications) ________（become）increasingly popular nowadays, and
for good reason.
1．(2023·福建省泉州市高三质量检测)Now, a Seattlebased company ________ (work) to bring equally deep
analysis to the trillions of proteins within our bodies.
2.(2023·河北省秦皇岛市高三检测)I forced myself to step forward and immediately stumbled over a toy and the
boy who ________ (play) with it.
3．【江苏省苏州市2021届八校联盟高三第一次适应性检测】Three projects _______ (compete) to build a
moon lander that will transport two astronauts to the moon from the Orion spaceship. The competitors are all
private companies, Blue Origin, SpaceX and Dynetics.
考点三 完成体
一、 现 在完成时
1. 现在完成时结构：
主语 + 助动词have(has) + 动词过去分词
否定句：have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t
一般疑问句：have/has提前
2. 现在完成时的用法：
（1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是这个结果或影响，常与yet，
already，just，before，lately等时间状语连用。
—Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃过午饭了吗？
—Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的，我刚吃过。（现在我不饿了。）
I have already posted the photos. 我已经寄过这些照片了。（这些照片已不在我这里了。）
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 19have(has) gone to，have(has) been to和have(has) been in的区别
1. have (has) gone to表示＂已经去某地了＂，不能与for+一段时间连用。
She has gone to Shanghai.（她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。）
2. have (has) been to表示＂曾经去过某地＂，不能与for+一段时间连用。
She has been to Shanghai three times.（她已经不在上海，只说明她曾经去过。）
3. have (has) been in/at表示＂一直待在某地＂，常与时间段搭配，指待了很久。
（2）过去发生的事情，一直持续到现在（其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词）。
I haven’t seen her these days. 近来我一直没见过他。
I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李雷已经三年了。
They have lived here since 1996. 他们自从1996年就住在这儿。
She has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来这所学校，她就教我。
3. 现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用：
（1）用于＂过去发生的事，对现在造成的影响或结果＂的时间状语有：
already 用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末。
yet 用在疑问句中意为＂已经＂，用在否定句中表示＂还＂，常放在句末。
ever 意为＂曾经＂，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。
never 意为＂从来都没有＂，常和before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间。
before 意为＂以前＂，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。
（2）用于＂过去发生的事，一直延续到现在＂的时间状语有：
for + 时间段 for two years
since + 时间点 since 2008
since then
since he came here
so far 目前；迄今为止
up to now=till now=by now 到现在为止；直到现在
all the time 总是；一直
recently/lately 最近
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 20these days 近几天
by the end of...到……末/结束 by the end of this month/year 到本月/年末
during /over the last (past) few years 在过去的几年中
in the last /past days/ months/ years 在过去的几个天/月/年中
（3）在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.
（4）非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
（5）since与for用法比较
用法 例句
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这
里。
since 用来说明动作起始时间
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 我姑姑从 1949
年开始一直在一个小诊所工作。
用来说明动作延续时间长 I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我在这里住了
for
度 二十多年了。
3. 现在完成时的常用固定句型
（1）That/This/It is the first (second, third ... ) time... (that) ...句型中，从句要用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。
It is the third time that the boy has been late. 这是这个男生第三次迟到了。
（2）＂That/This/It is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + （that）从句＂中，that 从句要用现在完成时。
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好看的电影。
（3）在＂It is/has been + 一段时间 + since ... ＂句型中，主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一
般过去时。
It has been/ It’s 5 years since we last met. 自从上一次我们见面到现在已经是五年了。
It’s / It has been 3 months since the man died. 那人死去3个月了。
（4）一段时间+ 完成时结构+ since 引导的时间状语从句
Two years has passed since I came here. 我来这儿已经两年了。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 21（1）并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作）
I have worked here for many years. （现在我仍在这里工作）
（2）短暂性动词和延续性动词用于完成时的区别：
延续性动词表示经验、经历； 短暂性动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has completed the work. （表结果）
I’’ve known him since then.（表经历）
（3）短暂性动词和延续性动词用于till / until从句的差异
延续性动词用于肯定句，表示＂做……直到……＂；短暂性动词用于否定句，表示＂到……
才……＂
He didn’’t come back until ten o’’clock. 直到十点钟他才回来。
He slept until ten o’’clock. 他睡到十点钟。
【疑难辨析】
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以
它不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 2004 等。
而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在没有任何关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状
语连用。
I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容。）
I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这部电影.（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的
情况）
二、 过去完成时
1. 基本结构：
肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他.
否定句：主语 + had + not + 过去分词 + 其他.
一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组 + 一般疑问句（Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他）？
2. 基本用法
（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即＂过去的过
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 22去＂。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句(在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句
叫做时间状语从句)来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到
200 张飞船发来的图片。
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和 for，since构成的时间状
语连用。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已经等
了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用
过去完成时。
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的
好朋友。
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没
有好好学习功课。
（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。
（5）过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时
从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
（6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
如when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引导的从句。
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。
She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含 before和after的复合句中，
因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完
成时。
After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力
提高他的英语水平。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 23（7）动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打
算或意图等。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 我们本来希望能来看看你。
（8）过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，no sooner... than...，It was the first (second, etc) time (that)...等
固定句型中。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。
3. 过去完成时的语法判定
（1）由时间状语来判定
一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
①by + 过去的时间点
I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.
②by the end of + 过去的时间点
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
③before + 过去的时间点
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
（2）由＂过去的过去＂来判定
过去完成时表示＂过去的过去＂，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，
动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：
①宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。如 told，
said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said that she had seen the film before.
②状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去
完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意：before，after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若
主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 24After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
③表示意向的动词，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示＂原
本……，未能……＂。
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
（3）根据上、下文来判定
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing.
过去完成时记忆口诀
Had 加上＂过去分＂，构成过去完成时。
过去完成的意义，也表＂完成＂或＂延续＂。
若有主、从两个句，先后动作分别叙。
哪个在先哪＂完成＂，哪个在后哪＂过去＂。
三、将来完成时
1. 将来完成时的构成：＂will/shall + have + 过去分词＂。
Hopefully after three years at university I will have matured. 希望3年大学生活之后我能变成熟。
Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000. 仅短短 5 年时间后，你的钱就
会增多 94,000 美元。
He will have been heartened by the telephone opinion poll published yesterday. 他会为昨天公布的电话
民意调查结果感到鼓舞。
2. 将来完成的用法
（1）表示＂将来完成＂：即表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作。
When we get there, she’ll have gone to work. 我们到那里时她会已经上班去了。
I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我预料到明天你就会改变主意了。
（2）表示＂持续＂：即表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的某一将来时间。
We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我们俩就结婚满1年了。
By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期此刻，我
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 25就已经为该公司工作24年了。
（3）表示＂推测：即表示根据某情况作出的推测。
That will have been Roland. He said he’d be back at 7. 准是罗兰。他说他7点钟回来。
There will have been a definite result before Friday. 星期五以前肯定会有结果。
1.【2022·全国甲卷】In the last five years， Cao ______ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in
2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
2. 【2020·海南卷】They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I ________（collect）.
1．(2023·河北省石家庄一中高三月考)Thanks to their efforts, Dongting Lake ecology ________ (take) on a
complete new look so far.
2．(2023·河北省邯郸市高三阶段测试)By the end of my trip, I could tell that I ________ (make) progress in my
Portuguese, thanks to them.
3. (2023·山西省太原市高三阶段检测)So far, circumpolar (极地附近的) peoples, native Alaskans among them,
________ (see) that their customs and livelihoods are in danger because of the scrambled seasons and retreating
ice.
过关检测
1.（2023·福建省宁德市部分达标中学联考）Before each meeting, prepare some questions on a topic of your
choice. That ________ (give) you the chance to look up related words as well as think about your own answers.
2. （2023·江苏省徐州市统考）Participation in sports throughout the region has improved dramatically over
the past decade, with more than 997, 000people regularly taking part in physical exercise. “We expect that the
outdoor sports industry _______ (become) a pillar industry in the region eventually and contribute to the
economy, ” Wang added.
3.（2023河北省石家庄部分重点高中联考）Researchers also added a piece to the puzzle of one of the world’s
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 26most mysterious animal migrations and________(witness) the record impact of an underwater eruption.
4. （2023·广东省大联考）Another reason is that science is for everyone, no matter whether you ________
(participate) in science or not in the past. The citizen science is devoted to making science inclusive to all and
ensuring that every person has the right and the opportunity to participate in science.
5. （2023·重庆市名校一诊）Wet and windy weather across Florida delayed their homecoming. SpaceX and
NASA finally gave the all-clear on Friday, and the three Americans and one Italian ______(depart) the
International Space Station, their residence since April.
6.（2023·广西南宁市高三下学期 5月模拟）He says that watching TV series __________ (help) teenagers
forget about the pressures of exams and homework, and the troubles which fill the world today.
7.（2023·江苏省涟水县第一中学第一次阶段检测） When she found out the university offered free tuition to
senior citizens, Shanmuganathan said she immediately knew it was her last chance to make her dream of studying
political science come true. She began her studies in 2019 and ________ (continue) throughout the pandemic (流
行病).
8. (2023 届河北省衡水中学高三下学期五调试题)The new regulation, which came into force starting from
March l,2023,______ (prohibit) six kinds of behaviors that harm ancient tea plants and _ their growing
environment.
9.（河北省石家庄市2023年高三第二学期全过程试题）In the past two years, 57 students from this vocational
high school ______ (take) the special “gaokao” and 34 of them have been admitted to colleges and universities.
10.（2023届广东省深圳市高三年级二调试题）It’s about-15°C, and a man dressed in a straw hat and sheepskin
coat_______ (throw)spoon after spoon of heavy molten iron(铁水) at a massive，icy wall.
11.（2023届广东省大湾区普通高中毕业班联合模拟试题）Since then, Liu ________(volunteer)to support the
group.
12.（重庆市巴蜀中学2022-2023学年高三试题）One of the quickest ways to make carpets, tufting guns______
(exist) for decades.
13.(2023届浙江省 9 1高中联盟年高三 5月高考模拟试卷)Among the civilian teams that left for Turkey on
Wednesday ______(be) Blue Sky Rescue, a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization, whose members come from
provincial-level regions of China.
14.（河北省石家庄部分重点高中2023年高三下学期试题）Researchers also added a piece to the puzzle of one
of the world’s most mysterious animal migrations and ___ __ ___ (witness) the record impact of an underwater
eruption.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 2715.（2022·江苏·南京市第一中学模拟预测）They read this letter to him on the air: “Hello, my name is Brenda
Schmitz, when you receive this letter, I ________ (lose) my battle to cancer.”.
真题演练
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ____46Having visited____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I
____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich
heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The ____ 49 remarkable ____ (remark) development of this city,
which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean)
there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman whose hair color
looked just perfect.
3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
As a little girl, I ___65___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
4.【2023年全国甲卷】I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class make a big change in me....
5.【2023年北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British.
Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all
30 guests showed up ____12 exactly ____(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the
appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her
sleeping suit.
6. 【2023年北京卷】Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
7. 【2023年浙江卷1月】The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often
____60____ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
2022年
1.【2022 新高考 I 卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________
(be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The
GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of
natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious
natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
2.【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 283.【2022全国乙卷】The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening
ceremony.
4.【2022 年浙江卷 1 月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane
________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
5.【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences
to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part
in dealing with the climate change crisis. ...On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200
academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort
started two years ago.
6.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric
hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
7.【2022年北京卷】 Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her
wallet!
8.【2022年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____
(have) no recognisable smell.
9.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t
survive if this situation continues.
10. 【2022年全国乙卷】And there were traffic jams, too.
11.【2022年全国甲卷】He showed me how his medical instruments was used.
12.【2022年全国甲卷】However, after I went to high school, somehow I become distant from him.
13.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last
Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
14. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make
better decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares
C. is preparing D. are preparing
15. 【2022年天津卷第二次】The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the
school________ the party.
A. cancels B. will cancel
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 29C. has cancelled D. had cancelled
2021年
1.【2021.6 新高考 1 卷】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard
it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
2. 【 2021.6 浙 江 卷 】 After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house
and 10 (sell) most of their furniture.
3.【2021.6 全国甲卷】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been
completely restored（修复）.
4.【2021.6全国甲卷】We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
5.【2021.6 浙江卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home
in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
6.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
7.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
8.【2021.1 浙江卷】In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
9.【2021.6 全国乙卷 改错】I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever
necessary.
10．【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】 One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____63____ (be) Alaska Airlines
Paris.
11. 【2021年全国甲卷】They kept very much to themselves.
12.【2021年天津卷第一次】We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
13．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it
would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
14. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer
companies.
A. has offered B. has been offered
C. had offered D. had been offered
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 3015. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but
let me introduce him first.
A. delivered B. will be delivering
C. was delivering D. has been delivering
2020年
1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The
unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61. (touch)
down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin....
＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67.
(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct)＂
2.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】 This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62. (carry) special significance.
They represent the earth 63. coming (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
3.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of
practice.
4.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】The artist was sure he would63. (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the
emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he
could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
... 65. When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的)
artist, they smiled and 66. (point) down the river.
5. 【2020全国Ⅲ卷】For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an
apple. My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
6.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38.
(form) the core collection of the British Museum 39. which/that opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a
museum’s collection 41. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
7.【2020年浙江卷1月】Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位
数的)age of an American in 1950___56___(be)30-today it is 41 and is expected___57_to increase__(increase)to 42
by 2050. ...
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should___64___(place)on longevity(长寿).
8. 【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】 Because the number of possible topics____43____（be）practically
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 31limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic
principles of technology. Readers____44____（encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the
guidance of_____45_our____（we）Further Resources section featured in each volume.
9.【2020年北京卷】Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1__(play) a big role in his life.
"
10.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It
takes them hundreds of years___5to break___(break) down.11.【2020年北京卷】The Neanderthals___9___
（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years
ago.
12.【2020年浙江卷7月】And，as more children were born，more food ___59___(need). ...
By about 6000 BC，people ___61___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
13. 【2021年北京卷】As it ____13____ (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a
dream．
14. 【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over
the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the
United Nations.
15.【2020年天津卷第一次】—The machine is working again！
—Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________.
A. has been fixed B. is being fixed
C. had been fixed D. would be fixed
16. 【2020年天津卷第一次】A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city
____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
17. 【2020 年江苏卷】If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ______
everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited
18. 【2020年江苏卷】Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect
2019年
1.【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 32sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66belief___ (believe) that populations are increasing. ...
Of ___69 the ___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable,
one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.2.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Picking up her“Lifetime
Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65to retire___ (retire) from her 36-
year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family
and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years.”
3.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after
seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
4.【2019 年全国卷 III】 Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful
places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in
the backyard.
... On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm
on the North Shore under the stars，___70listening___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
5.【2019年全国卷III】I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to open a cafe. Though it may
appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
6.【2019年北京卷】On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I
___1___(voice)my biggest concern to my mother. 7.【2019年北京卷】Does the name of the college you attend
really matter？Research on the question ___7___(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't.
8. 【2019年浙江卷6月】When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry
about fashion(时尚). ... One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the
school introduced uniforms.
9. 【2018年浙江卷11月】 You probably _____56_____(use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine
_____57_____(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine.
10.【2019年江苏卷】The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three
months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
11.【2019年江苏卷】A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the
people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
12.【2019年江苏卷】They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer
Olympics.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 33A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
14.【2019年天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village
last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】 34
