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考点 15 定语从句(核心考点精讲精练)
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
定语从句
题型
2023 试卷类型 定语从句 考点
语法填空
2023·全国乙卷 that/whcih 关系代词
2023·全国甲卷 as 非限定性定语从句
2023·全国甲卷 that/who 关系代词
2022 2022·新高考I卷 where 关系副词
2022·全国甲卷 who 非限定性定语从句
2022年浙江1月 that/who 关系代词
2021 2021新课标II卷 that/which 关系代词
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于定语从句的考查共计8次,主要考查:
1.定语从句中的关系代词;
2.定语从句中关系副词;
3. 非限制性定语从句的关系词;
4. 定语从句的先行词;
5. 定语从句中的主谓一致;
6. 定语从句中的时态。
【备考策略】系统归类定语从句的用法,尤其是关系代词和关系副词的用法;熟练掌握定语从句的相关考点。
【命题预测】
2024年语法填空对定语从句的考查仍然是重点,主要集中考查关系代词和关系副词。
必备基础知识:
在主从复合句中,修饰或限制某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
A. 先行词 + 连词(关系代词) + 陈述句
who 【先行词为人。主语、宾语。】whom 【先行词为人。宾语。】
that【先行词为物/人。主语、宾语。】which 【先行词为物。主语、宾语。】
B. 地方 + where( 状语 ) + 陈述句 【where = at/on/in which】
时间 + when( 状语 ) + 陈述句 【when = at/on/in which】
C. 先行词(物/人) + whose + 名词 …whose: 某人的/某物的
D. 先行词(人) + 介词 + whom + 陈述句
先行词(物) + 介词 + which + 陈述句
重难点知识:
考点 1 关系代词引导的定语从句
1.(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-
paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical
buildings of the past.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:除了它所有的古老建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建
筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并立。本空引导定语从句,修饰名词place,本空在从句中作主语、指物,故应用关系代词
which或that。
2. [2021·浙江1月]They’re the only thing _______ looks like human language in that respect.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。在这方面,它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西。此处先行词是 thing被the only修饰,
且在定语从句中作主语,故填that。
3.[2019·上海卷]The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45— 0 days, then the babies grow without their mother,
_______ is a rare phenomenon in nature.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处which代替前面整个句子的内容,无固定的先行词。故填which。
4.[2019·上海卷]For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair,
________ information is listed above.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。为了进一步了解我们项目的消息,请访问我们的网站或联系我们的Undergraduate Chair,
它的信息在上面被列出。此处先行词是Undergraduate Chair,其和后面的information是所属关系,故填whose。
【方法指导】
1.who和whom指人,who在定语从句中作主语;whom在定语从句中作宾语,在限制性定语从句中可省略。
在口语中可用who代替whom。
2.whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,指物时可用of which代替,指人时可用of whom代替。
3.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语,作宾语或表语时可省略。
4.which指物,在定语从句中作主语和宾语,作宾语时,在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外,which可用来指
代前面句子的部分或全部内容。
5.下列情况只用that不用which:
①先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词;
②先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰;
③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词;
④先行词被the only,the very(正是,恰是),the last修饰;⑤先行词中既有人也有物;
⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。
1.(2023·广东省高三开学大联考)The typical Chinese alcoholic beverage is baijiu, ________ is made from various
grains.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:典型的中国酒精饮料是白酒,由各种谷物制成。此处是一个非限制性定语从句,
从句缺主语,先行词指物。故填which。
2.(2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研)Pablo Picasso is one of the most famous artists in the world, _______full name is
really a long one, in fact a mixture of many names.
【答案】whose
【解析】查定语从句。句意:巴勃罗·毕加索是世界上最著名的艺术家之一,他的全名其实是一个很长的名字,实
际上是许多名字的混合体。分析可知, 2 full name is really a long one在句中为非限制性定语从句,先行词为
Pablo Picasso,空处在从句中作定语,指毕加索的全名,所以用关系代词whose,故填whose。
3.(2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考)His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” was a determined
“Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things_______ other people make.”
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他对“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗?”这个问题的回答是坚定的,即“为什么
不呢?我们中国人能够制造和其他人一样的东西。”分析句子可知,此处考查引导定语从句的关系词,指代先行
词things,指物,在从句中作宾语,先行词前有the same修饰,关系代词只能用that。故填that。
4.(2023·湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考)“Hello, Mr. Herriot.” I heard his voice. I turned a blank gaze on him — I just
had no idea ____ ____ he was though his face was familiar.
【答案】who
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:我茫然地看着他——我只是不知道他是谁,尽管他的脸很熟悉。此处是宾语从句,
由句意可知,表示“他是谁”,应用who引导。故填who。
考点 2 关系副词引导的定语从句
1.(2023·全国甲卷)Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly
directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-
existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在那里所有的生命似乎都享受着和周围环境的和平共处。此处是where引导的定语
从句,where在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。
2. 【2016·全国新课标I】But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_
I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句,从句缺少状语,因为先行词是时间,故填when。【方法指导】
1.先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词,从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when,where,why。有
时可用“介词+which”结构替换。
2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时,即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。
3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如point,situation,case,stage等,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用
关系副词where引导定语从句;如果作主语、宾语或表语,则用关系代词that/which。
1.(2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考)These events have transformed Jingdezhen into an incredible platform for
diversified cooperation and communication, ________ young artistic talents are drawn to its flame like moths.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这些活动将景德镇变成了一个不可思议的多元化合作交流平台,年轻的艺术人才
像飞蛾一样被吸引到这里。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词platform,先行词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系
副词where。故填where。
2.(2023·江苏省徐州市第七中学学情调研)However, he could not forget about an earlier time ________ his village
had been struggling with a serious air quality problem.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:然而,他不能忘记,早年间村庄一直在努力应付着严重的空气质量问题。分析句
子结构可知,设空处应填关系词,引导定语从句,先行词是 time,指时间;从句主语是his village,从句谓语是
had been struggling with,从句宾语是a serious air quality problem,则设空处应填when,充当从句时间状语。故填
when。
【变式】
1. (2021·天津南开区·南开中学高三二模)Sales director is a position________ communication ability is just as
important as sales.
A.which B.where C.when D.why
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意:销售经理是一个职位,在这个职位上,交流能力和销售能力一样重要。分析
句子可知,本句为限制性定语从句,position 为先行词,在定语从句中作地点状语,关系副词为where。故选B。
【变式】2
2. (2021·山东)I don’t know the reason ____ he left without saying anything.
A.when B.where C.why D.which
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我不知道他什么也没说就走了的原因。本句是定语从句,先行词为the reason,先
行词在从句中作原因状语,用关系副词why。故选C项。
【变式】3
(2021·天津高三期末)We often reach a point in our life ______ we should be ready for change that will help us unlock
our self-improvement power.
A.when B.that C.as D.which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意:在我们的生活中,我们经常会到达一个临界点,那时我们应该准备好迎接改变,这将帮助我们释放自我提升的力量。分析句子可知,空格处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为a point,从句
中不缺少主语和宾语,排除关系代词,应用关系副词when引导从句,在句中作时间状语。故选A项。
考点 3 “介词+关系代词”引导的
1.【2021·天津3月高考】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn
without repeating them.
A.from which B.in which C.with whom D.for whom
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过,历史会告诉我们过去的错误,我们可以从中学习避免重复
犯错。分析句子可知,past mistakes为现行词,_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句,从句中谓语
动词can learn可知,要从过去的错误中学习,learn from“从……中学习”,可知应用from which引导定语从句。故
选A。
2.(2021·天津红桥区·高三一模)Learning another language is like stepping out of a door, ______I can look back and see
more clearly my own language.
A.By which B.through which C.which D.on which
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句和介词辨析。句意:学习另外一种语言就好像跨出了一扇房门,通过它,我可以回顾并且
更加清楚地明白自己的语言。分析可知,空格处引导定语从句,根据句意可知,通过这扇门,先行词door做
through“通过”的宾语,指物,用冠词代词which,by表示方式,on“在……上面”不符合句意,故选B。
【方法指导】
1.若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,
即“介词+whose+名词”结构。
2.该结构中介词的选用
(1)一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:
①先行词的意义;
②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配;
③句子的意思。
(2)表示“整体和部分关系”,介词常用of。常见结构:
①在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词的前、后可以用 of
which/whom。
②the+比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。
(3)有时“介词+where”可以引导定语从句,此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
1.(2021·天津滨海新区·高三三模)The Zhuang is an ethnic group________ the population is the largest of all ethnic
groups in China.
A.of whom B.of which C.of who D.of that
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:壮族是中国所有少数民族中人口最多的一个民族。分析可知,设空处为“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句,先行词为“an ethnic group”,作of的宾语,应用关系代词which。故选B。
2.(2021·天津河北区·高三二模)Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be
controlled.
A.on which B.by which C.to which D.from which
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意:人类和动物面部表情的不同之处,在于某程度上人类面部表
情可以受到控制。分析句子可知,空格处引导定语从句,修饰先行词the degree,关系代词which在句中指代先行
词degree(程度),表示“某种程度”应为“to some degree”,故介词to符合句意。故选C项。
考点 4 as,which 引导的定语从句
1.(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for
Tomorrow”.
【答案】as
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如Rachel Carson在《明天的寓言》中所说,今天寓言的形式仍然有价值。
此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句,as作says的宾语,指代前面整个句子的内容。故填as。
2.(2023·江苏省无锡市)If everyone on your team is working different hours, you may be getting emails and messages at
all hours of the day, night or weekend, _______can create an always available, or "always-on” environment.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:如果你团队里的每个人都在不同的时间工作,你可能会全天一直收到邮件和信息,
这就能营造出一种一直在线的环境。在非限制性定语从句中,缺少主语,且代指前面一整句话,故用which。
【方法指南】
1.as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如,正像”,as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。
2.as常用在下列习惯用语中:
as (it) often happens,as I remember,as is often the case,as is expected,as is known to us,as is shown等。
3.which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。
4.“such/so...that...”表示“如此……以致……”的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而“such/so...as...”表示
“像……这样……”的意思,用来引导定语从句,as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。
5.“the same...that...”表示同一个人或物,而“the same...as...”表示同种类的人或物。
1.(2023·江苏省徐州市第七中学摸底学情调研)Hot pot, as a traditional Chinese folk dish, has become a favorite dish
throughout China since at least the Han Dynasty, ____ ____ is particularly true during winter months.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:火锅,作为中国传统的民间美食,至少从汉代开始,就已经成为全中国最受欢迎
的美食,尤其是在冬季。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句,且关系代词在从句中
作主语,应用which引导该从句。故填which。
2.(2023·江苏省泰州中学调研)Most skiing competitions of the Winter Olympics were held in areas northwest ofBeijing, ____ ___ it’s cold in the winter but often doesn’t snow much.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:冬奥会的大多数滑雪比赛都在北京西北部地区举行,那里的冬天很冷,但通常不
会下太多雪。此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是areas northwest of Beijing,在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词
where引导。故填where。
【变式】
1. (天津高三三模)________ is widely accepted, in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses, but this is
not a polite way of greeting in other cultures.
A.As B.It C.Which D.What
【答案】A
【解析】考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意:在中东,阿拉伯人通过互摸鼻子来打招呼,这在其他文化中是
不礼貌的。分析可知,________ is widely accepted在句中为定语从句,从句缺少主语,指代整个句子“in the
Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses”,结合选项,as和which都可以指代整个句子,在引导非限制
性定语从句时,which引导的非限制性定语从句置于主句之后,as引导的从句则可以置于句首。故选A。
2. (天津高三三模)Swimming is good for teenagers, ________ some experts say will help them to stimulate their
potential and promote their brain development.
A.which B.why C.Whom D.what
【答案】A
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:游泳对青少年有好处,一些专家说,这将帮助他们激发潜能,促进他们
的大脑发展。分析句子成分可知,“________ some experts say will help them to….”为非限制性定语从句,修饰整个
主句“Swimming is good for teenagers(游泳对青少年有好处)”,所设空处可译为“这件事/这一点”,并在该句中充
当宾语从句中的主语,故应用which,故选A。
考点 5 way 和 time 后接定语从句的
①What surprised me was not what he said but the way
he said it.
让我吃惊的不是他说的话,而是他说话的方式。
②The way he explained to us was quite simple.
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
③It's not the first time (that) you've found yourself in this situation.
你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。
④There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour,one day a week,testing pupils in every subject.
曾经,每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。
【方法指南】
1.在定语从句中,the way在从句中充当方式状语时,其后的关系词可以是in which,that或省略;但是当它在从
句中充当主语、宾语等成分时,其后的关系词就用that或which。
2.先行词time作“次数”讲时,应用关系代词that引导定语从句,that可省略;当先行词time作“一段时间,时
代”讲且作状语时,应用关系副词when或“介词at/during+which”引导定语从句。
【关键能力】
定语从句与语法填空