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考点 12 主谓一致
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。近几年来，
高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近一致三个方面上。主谓一致在高
考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形式出题。预计2023年高考主谓一致
不会单独考查，主要与动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。
1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；
2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；
3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；
4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构
一致原则 考点详解 例句
His father is working on the farm.
To study English well is not easy.
1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短
语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语 What he said is very important for us all.
动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，
语法一致 The children were in the classroom two
谓语动词用复数形式。
hours ago.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起 Lucy and Lily are twins.She and I are classmates.
来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓 The boy and the girl were surprised when
语动词。 they heard the news.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟 Mr. Green ， together with his wife and
有 with，together with，except，but， children，has come to China.
like，as well as，rather than，more than，
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
no less than， besides，including等引起
playground.
的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主
语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall.
4. either，neither，each，every 或no +单 Each of us has a new book.
数名词和由some，any，no，every构成
Everything around us is matter.
的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working
5. 在定语从句中，关系代词that，who， hard.
which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与
He is the only one of my friends who is
句中先行词的数一致。
working hard.
一致原则 考点详解 例句
Class Four is on the third floor.
6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的
Class Four are unable to agree upon a
谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成
monitor.
员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。
这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee,
注：people，police，cattle等名词一般都
population, audience等。 用作复数。如：The police are looking for
the lost child.
语法一致 7. 由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the There are a lot of people in the classroom.
rest of，the majority of +名词”构成的短 The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的
50% of the students in our class are girls.
短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短
语中后面名词的数而定。 注：a number of 与the number of的区别
8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后 There comes the bus.
的主语一致。 On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result. Such are the facts.
1. what， who， which， any， more， Which is your bag？Which are your bags？
all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主
All is going well. All have gone to
要靠意思来决定。 Beijing.
2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等
Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常
用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在 Ten miles is too long.
逻辑一致 概念上是一个整体。
3. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、
“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting
报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词
story-book.
通常用单数形式。
4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复
数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数 One and a half apples is left on the table.
形式。
一致原则 考点详解 例句
5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作 Twelve plus eight is twenty.
单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。 Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：
mathematics ， politics ， physics 以 及 The paper works was built in 1990.
news， works等，都属于形式上是复数
I think physics isn‘t easy to study.
的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作
主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，
jeans 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如 My glasses are broken.
果这些名词前有a（the） pair of等量词 The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
逻辑一致
8. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示
The old are taken good care of.
某一类人时，动词用复数。
A large quantity of people is needed here.
9. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数
注意：quantities一般用复数。
名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.
10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰 A large amount of (A great deal of) damage
不可数名词， 作主语时， 谓语动词通 was done in a very short time.
常用单数；large amounts of 修饰不可数
Large amounts of money were spent on the
名词， 作主语时，谓语动词通常用复
bridge.
数。
1. 当两个主语由either … or， neither … Either the teacher or the students are our
friends.
nor，whether … or …，not only …but also
连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 Neither they nor he is wholly right.
就近一致
2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其 There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个
Here引导的句子用法同上。
主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一
致。 如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.考向一、语法一致原则
语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1. 单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动
词用复数。
☛ His father is working on the farm.
☛ Time is money.
☛ To finish all the work on time is impossible.
☛ Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
☛ The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.
◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或 what从句是一个带有复数意义
的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。
What I bought were 3 English books.
What I say and do are helpful to you.
2.由and 或both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。
Lucy and Lily are twins.
She and I are friends.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。
The writer and artist has come.
◆由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
Every student and every teacher was in the room.
No boy and no girl likes it.
3.主语后面有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides,
including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。
Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4.either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Each of us has a new book.
Everything around us is matter.
Neither of the texts is interesting.
None of us has been to South Africa.
5.定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。
He is one of my students who are working hard.
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6.集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，
用复数。
His family is a happy one.
The whole family are watching TV.
The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)
One third of the population here are workers.(人)
◆people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
7.由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主
语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。
The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
A lot of time is wasted.
A lot of people take part in the meeting.
2/3 water is drunk by him.
2/3 students are absent.
8.倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。
On the wall are many pictures.
Such is the result.
Such are the facts.
8.不定代词作主语
1）. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用
单数。
☛Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。
☛Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。☛Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。
☛Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。
2）. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，
nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
☛Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。
☛Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗?
☛Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。
☛Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。
All we need _________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit
trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
9. 动名词、不定式和从句作主语
动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。
☛Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。
☛To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。
☛What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。
The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8，450 a year, which
________ a burden for some of them.
A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is
【辨析】
其他情况 例句
and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复 The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了
数；但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同 (作家和教师指同一个人)
一物时，谓语使用单数。
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来
了。(作家和老师是两个人)
＂单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/ Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父
besides/except/including/like/with/alongwith/as well as /rather than/such as/together 亲去过英格兰。
with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形
Mike, like his brother，enjoys playing football. 迈克像
式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语
他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
使用复数。
＂the number of+复数名词＂作主语谓语用 The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生
单数; ＂a(good/large) number of+复数名词 人数超过八百。
＂作主语，谓语动词用复数。
A number of teachers are present today，and the number
of them is 500. 许多教师今天都出席了，有500人。
由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主 The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀
语，谓语动词用复数，如 chopsticks， 在橱柜旁边的架子上。
glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers,
A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼
boots 等。若此类名词被＂a kind of/a pair
镜的售价很高。
of’’修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
当 not only... but also...，not... but...，or， Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都没有
either... or….，neither... nor...等连接并列主语 看过这部电影
时，以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单
Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者
复数形式采用就近一致原则。
是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。
某些集体名词class, club, family, team, group The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这
等作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则， 家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。
即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单
The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.
复数形式。
在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。
【知识拓展】如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类词指
的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。
【巧学妙记】
主谓一致记忆口诀
单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单。
如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。
有些名词谓常复，people、police即这般。
主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。
many a作主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。
or、nor、but also、there be，近主原则挂嘴边。
关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。
不定式短语、动名词，主语从句谓全单。
时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见，
rest，means，following等，意义决定其复、单。
none，all，half of等，of之宾语定答案。
还有分数、百分数，仍据of之宾定复、单。
代词all指人谓复数，all指事情谓用单。
量词用法请注意，谓语要随量词变。
and连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠。
no，each，every后单名，两种事物一概念。以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。
形容词带the一类人，姓氏复数加定冠，
-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。
代词neither，either，each，用作主语谓全单。
1.（2020·新课标卷I·语法填空）“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University,
says, “because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68
(construct).”
2. （2020·新课标卷III·短文改错）My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
3.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the
last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
考向二、 意义一致原则
1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
☛Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。
☛Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。
☛100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。
2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。
☛Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。
☛Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。
3. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
☛There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。
☛Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。
4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。
☛One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。☛One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。
5. the rest of... 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。
☛The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。
☛The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。
6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。
☛None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。
7. ＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词复
数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。
☛A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。
☛The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 这所学校的学生数量已达到2 000多人。
8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓
语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
☛A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。
☛Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。
9. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单
数。
☛The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名)
☛Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)
10. ＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。
☛The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。
☛The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。
11. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主
语时，谓语动词要用单数。
☛Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。
☛The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。
12. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前
的修饰语来确定。
☛A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。
☛Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。
【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。1. （2020·天津卷3月·单项填空）11. A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this
city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2. 【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining,
six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
考向三、 就近一致原则
就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
（1）当两个主语由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和
邻近的主语一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。
（2）there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由 and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的
那个主语保持一致。
There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。
There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。
（3）在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
Here is a map and a handbook for you. 这是一张你的地图和一本手册。
Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。
（4）就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。
主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。
此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than， together with，but，
except，besides，including，in addition to等。
your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.你姐姐和你父母一样，对我很好。
she，like you and betty，is very clever.像你和betty一样，她也很聪明。
She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。
Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。
The father as well as his three children ___________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going
1.（2021·河西区三模·单项填空·T11）
—Lydia, what did our head-teacher say just now?
—Every boy and every girl as well as the teachers who _____ to lead the group _____ asked to be
at the
school gate before 6:30 in the morning.
A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are
2.（2021·南开中学5月模拟·单项填空·T8）
The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities________ steadily since 1997.
A. is rising B. are rising C. has been rising D. have been rising
3.（2021·天津芦台一中六模·单项填空·T13）Generally, students’ inner motivation with high
expectations from others ___________ essential to their development.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
4.（2021·天津十二区县一模·单项填空·T5）
Many a famous pop star________in the concert tonight, so I'm looking forward to it very much.
A. are to perform B. is performing
C. was performing D. were to perform
5.（2021·天津耀华滨海学校适应性考试·单项填空·T9）Up to now, large quantities of food
________to the people affected by the terrible earthquake.
A. has been distributed B. have been distributedC. is being distributed D. are being distributed
（2021•汉沽六中一摸•单项填空•T10）My father, together with some of his old friends,
_________ there already.
A. will be B. had been C. has been D. have been
7.（2021•南开区期中模拟•单项填空•T15）The number of people in the world ________ about 6
billion and large quantities of waste _______ each year.
A. total; has been produced B. totals; is produced
C. totals; are produced D. total; are being produced
8.（2021•天津滨海七校联考•单项填空•T11）
The teacher together with the students________discussing Reading Skills that________ newly
published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
（2021•天津大港一中三模•单项填空•T14）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and
swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded
C. are regarded D. regards
10.（2021•天津市八校期中模拟•单项填空•T13）There are nearly 7000 local languages in the
world, but only 7% ______ reflected in published online material.
A. were B. was C. is D. are
11.（2021•天津市部分区期中模拟•单项填空•T1）The number of people, who have access to
their own cars, ______ sharply in the past decade.
A. rose B. is rising C. have risen D. has risen
【2022年】
1. （2022 年全国甲卷语法填空）In the last five years. Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six
continents....
2. （2022年全国甲卷短文改错） He showed me how his medical instruments was used.
...A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists.... Just see how cars have been taken overour cities. And there were traffic jams, too. ...
3. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that
__ 5 8___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one
authority ___ 5 9 to increase___ effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___ 6 0___ (design)to reflect
the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving
biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___ 6 1___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for
future generations”.
【2021年】
1.（2021年1月浙江卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared and
a BMI of between 19 and 25 31． (consider) healthy.
2.（2021年6月浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home 40________（paint） white. It was sweet and
fresh. Mary loved it.”
3.（2021年1月浙江卷） The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in
women and men. In cities, however, the gain 33． (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men.
【2020年】
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ，67, 68) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,
“because it _________(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __________
(construct).”
2.（2020•新课标Ⅲ）The artist was sure he would 63________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to
the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
3.（2020•山东卷）The parts of a museum open to the public 40_________ (call) galleries or rooms.
4.（2020•浙江卷）Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to
raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food 59________(need).
5.（2020•新课标Ⅱ）Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of
spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62________ (carry) special significance.
6.（2020•山东卷）The parts of a museum open to the public 40_________ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a
small part of a museum’s collection 41_________ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
【2019年】
1. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ，69) On the last day of our week-long stay, we _____ (invite) to attend a private concert on a
beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.2. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ，65, 70) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six______
(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【2018年】
1. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ，64)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it______ (be) more
effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
2.(2018·浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I
learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【2017年】
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，64 67)When fat and salt ____________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing
something. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they
need in their diet.
2. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ，65 68) Steam engines __________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly
unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，43 49)Sarah _________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million
dollars in the new year.
