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考点 05 形容词和副词（核心
考点精讲练）
考查在语篇型填空和短文改错中的形容词和副词的句法功能；对形容词和副词的词性转换也是近几年高考
考查的重点之一；形容词和副词的比较级也是考查重点。预计2023年高考将会更加注重形容词和副词的句
法功能， 也会侧重于对形容词和副词的词性转换的考查，另外形容词和副词的比较级也是重点。
1. 掌握形容词和副词的句法功能；
2. 掌握形容词和副词的词性转换基本规律；
3. 掌握在形容词和副词的比较级及其固定句型。
考向一 形容词、副词的基本用法
1. 形容词的基本用法
在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。
一般情况下，单个的形容词作定语放在被修饰的词之后，形容词短语放在被修饰的词之前。
He is the only man alive in the village after the earthquake.地震后他是那个村子里唯一活着的人。
It is a problem difficult to solve.这是个难以解决的问题。
■名师点津
(1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。Lighthearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. 她
无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。
(2)有些以ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。常见的有：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly
等。
2．副词的基本用法
(1) 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
(2019·天津卷)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.
狗的饮食习惯在正确建立之前需要定期的训练。
■名师点津
有些副词，如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等作评注性状语，往往修饰整
个句子，而且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。
(安徽卷)Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. 谢天谢地，
我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。
（2）有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等
Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.
幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。
Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her.
高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。
1. ________，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtful
C. Honest and confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic
2.Jim went to answer the phone.________，Harry started to prepare lunch.
A. However B. Nevertheless
C. Besides D. Meanwhile
3.We only had $100 and that was________to buy a new computer.
A. nowhere near enough B. near enough nowhere
C. enough near nowhere D. near nowhere enough
4.When it was his turn to deliver his speech，________，he walked towards the microphone.
A. nervously and embarrassingly B. nervous and embarrassedly
C. nervously and embarrassing D. nervous and embarrassed考向二 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
（一）比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则变化
词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级
tall taller tallest
一般加er或est
long longer longest
nice nicer nicest
以e结尾的，只加r或st
单音节词 fine finer finest
和少数双 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾 big bigger biggest
音节词 只有一个辅音字母的，先 hot hotter hottest
双写该辅音字母再加er或-
fat fatter fattest
est
以“辅音字母加y”结尾的， happy happier happiest
先变y为i再加er或est easy easier easiest
其他双音 difficult more difficult most difficult
节词和多 在前面加more或most
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
音节词
■名师点津
(1)有少数几个双音节以及ow，er，le结尾的词，既可以加er和est, 又可以加more和most构成比较级
和最高级。常考的词有：common, clever, simple, quiet, stupid等。
(2)表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite, wonderful等，没有最高级，也不
能用比较级。有些词不与than连用可用于比较，如be senior to等。
(2)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
many/much more most
old older/elder oldest/eldest
little less least
farther(具体) farthest(具体)
far
further(抽象) furthest(抽象)
(二)形容词、副词比较等级的用法1．原级的用法
(1)“as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”与“not＋as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分
人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。
He doesn't run so/as fast as his younger brother.他没有他弟弟跑得快。
(2)当as ...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.亨利的书没有我的书多。
2．比较级的用法
(1)“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋多音节形容词/副词原级
＋than”结构表示“一方不及另一方……”。
The book is less interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣。
(2)“the＋形容词/副词比较级，the＋形容词/副词比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。
The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns.机器人与人类交流得越多，它学会的
就越多。
(3)“形容词/副词比较级＋and＋形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越……”。
It becomes colder and colder when winter comes. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷。
(4)“the＋形容词/副词比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示“某人或某物是两者中较……的”。
Mike is the taller of the two boys. 迈克是两个男孩中个子比较高的那个。
(5)形容词/副词比较级可以用much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather等来修饰。
It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price.
这个价格仍然远远超出我们能够负担得起的价位，但是它已经远远低于最初的要价了。
3．最高级的用法
(1)表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构为“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示
“……是……中最……的”。
The dog has a funny, short tail and certainly the funniest face of the dogs in the world.这只狗有一条逗人而
短的尾巴，它的脸肯定是世上最逗人的狗脸了。
(2)“one of the＋最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”。
This is one of the most important events in modern history. 这是现代历史上最重要的事件之一。
(3)用比较级或原级表示最高级含义。
①“否定词语＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
②比较级形式表示最高级含义。
(4)最高级可以用序数词及by far, nearly, almost, much, by no means等修饰。1. （2020·新课标II卷短文改错）See you sooner.
2.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great
artists to come and present their 62 ． (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
3. （2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）Scientists have responded by __noting__ (note) that hungry bears may be
congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high)
than they actually are.
4. （2017·新课标III卷·语法填空）He screams the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male
beats his chest and charges toward me.
5. Believe it or not，swimming is________as any to lose unwanted weight.
A. a way as good B.as a good way
C. as a way good D.as good a way
6. —Do you think that the 11th Chinese National Games were a success?
—Yes，________！It couldn’t be ________.
A. relatively；better B. approximately；worse
C. absolutely；better D. fortunately；worse
【难点释疑】
比较级表示最高级含义
1. 比较级+than any other+可数名词单数
The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. 在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。
2. 比较级+than all(the) other+可数名词复数
China is larger than all the other Asian countries. 中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。
3. no/never/nothing...+比较级
Nothing is more valuable than time. 时间比任何东西都珍贵。
4. ＂否定词+不定冠词+形容词的比较级+名词＂或＂否定词+副词的比较级＂表示＂从未……；未曾……
＂
This film is very moving. I have never seen a better one. 这部电影很感人，我从没有看过一部比它更好的。
考向三 倍数表达法倍数表达法
倍数表达法 例句
The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster
A＋谓语＋倍数＋形容词/副 than traditional garbage as a whole.
词比较级(＋名词)＋than＋B 总的来说，泛滥成灾的电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三
倍的速度增加。
This restaurant wasn't half as good as that other restaurant
A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋形容
we went to.
词/副词原级＋as＋B
这家饭店还不如我们以前去过的那家饭店的一半好。
A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词 When you study the local map, you'll find this town is twice
(size, length, height, weight the size of that one.当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这
等)＋of＋B 座城镇是那座(城镇)的两倍大。
A＋谓语＋倍数＋that＋of＋ The output of this year is three times that of 2020.＝The
B＝A＋谓语＋倍数＋what output of this year is three times what it was in 2020.
从句 今年的产量是2020年的三倍。
1. When you study the local map，you’ll find this town is________.
A. twice the size of that one
B. twice as a large town as that
C. twice as larger as that one
D. twice as larger a town as that
2. Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost________his.
A.as much twice as
B. twice as much as
C. much as twice as
D.as twice much as
3.My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice________expensive.
A.as B. so
C. too D. very考向四 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词→数词→描绘词→(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) →出处→材料性质→类别→名词
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
Tony is going camping with ___________ boys.
A. little two other B. two little other
C. two other little D. little other two
考向五 形容词、副词辨析
形容词副词的区别及用法
1. late 和later
He is late. He is half an hour late. 他迟到了，迟到了半小时。
Three minutes later, he arrived. 三分钟后，他来了。
2. pleased, pleasing与pleasant
（1）pleased的含义是“感到满意，高兴”，后常跟介词at, with。例如：
I'm pleased to see you here. 在这儿见到你很高兴。
She's pleased with our programme. 她对我们的节目很满意。
（2）pleasing表示“令人欣喜的”，相当于“giving pleasure”。例如：
My sister's progress in dancing is pleasing. 我姐姐在舞蹈方面的进步令人高兴。
The baby has a pleasing voice. 这个婴儿的声音很悦耳。（3）pleasant表示“快乐的，愉快的”。例如：
The girl has a pleasant childhood. 这个女孩有一个快乐的童年。
To have a pleasant holiday is my favorite. 过一个愉快的假期是我最喜欢的。
3. living, alive与live
（1）living作定语时，既可置于所修饰的名词之前，也可置于所修饰的名词之后，译为"活着的,当代的"。
在句中充当定语及表语。例如：
Not all living things live on sunlight. 并非所有的生物都依赖阳光生存。
My grandparents are still living. 我的祖父母仍然健在。
（2）alive译为“活着的”，可以在句中作表语及定语。作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：
He may be the busiest person alive. 他可能是世上最忙的人了。
Is that sheep dead or alive? 那头羊是死了还是活着？
（3）alive还有“活泼的，活动的，有生机的”之意。例如：
You seem very much alive today. 你今天看起来很活跃。
（4）live表示“活着的”，做“现场直播”讲时可以用作形容词、副词，在句子中可以作定语，表语。
The programme is live./The programme is broadcast live. 这个节目是现场直播的。
4. worth，worthy与worthwhile
（1）worth意为“值得的”，后接v-ing形式，构成“be worth doing”结构，也可接表示价格的名词及钱数；
（2）worthy意为“值得的”，后接“of+名词（或being+过去分词）”，构成“be worthy of+名词（或
being done）”结构或“be worthy to be done”结构。
（3）be worthwhile to do sth/doing sth例如：
This coat is worth one hundred yuan. 这件上衣价值一百元。
This problem is worthy of being discussed. 这个问题值得讨论。
5. too、also、either
too和also用于肯定句、疑问句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。Too常用在句末，
also常用在句中。
Are they coming too ? 他们也来吗?
She is young and beautiful, and also rich. 她年轻漂亮，而且有钱。
He hasn’t finished it, either. 他也还没有做完。
6. likely与possible, probable
likely 的主语可以是it也可以是名词或其它代词，而possible和probable只能用it作主语。
7. most 与mostlymost做形容词或代词，如：most students, most of us；mostly为副词，表示大部分情况下，或成分中大部分。
如：
（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）I’m surely you’ll have a good time.
考向六 几组难点句型详解
句型1：A is 倍数＋the size/length/weight/height…of B.如：
The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.
新扩建的广场是前一个的四倍大。
句型2：A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对于B就如C对于D。”如：
Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals. 发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。
句型3：can't be too＋adj. ＝ can't be＋adj.＋enough无论……都不为过，越……越…… 如：
You can never be careful enough.＝ You can never be too careful.你无论怎么小心都不为过。
句型4：too…to句型的两个意义
(1) 表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能”。如：
This question is too hard for me to understand. 这个问题对我来说太难理解了。
(2) 表示肯定意义，意为“非常，很，极”。当 too后面接easy，ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful,
delighted等形容词时，too表示“很，非常”之意，与very表达“很”的意思相同。当too前有all, but,
only等词时，形成only /but/all too…to do结构，仍旧表达“非常，很，极”之意。如：
I’m too glad to hear that.我对此感到非常高兴。
1. （2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T10）Worried about ____10____ (globe) warming? You should be.
2.（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T6）Since I had a fear of needles, I was ___6___(willing) to take his advice. Butby this time I was so tired that I was prepared to try almost anything.
3. （2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T10）He then inserted a needle in my right foot between my first and second toe,
and, despite my anxiety, I fell asleep ___10___ (immediate). At the time I considered the whole experience to be
close to a miracle.
4.（2021·成都三诊·短文改错）But I was having a hard time finding someone who would pay the fully price.
5.（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T5）
A focus on quality would make us likely to pay ______5______(much) for better-made items, which would reduce
the desire to keep shopping, while slowing demand for fast fashion overall.
6.（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T9）The same goes for____9____(nature) fibers;…
7.（2021·天津十二区县联考2·单项填空·T14）
One of government’s ________duties is the redistribution of income, so that the better off can help the worse off
out of poverty.
A. slight B. primary C. short D. flexible
8.（2021·天津十二区县联考2·单项填空·T7）
Waiter, would you please come and explain to me why the steak is so tough? I ________ asked for it rare（半熟）.
A. significantly B. steadily C. specifically D. similarly
9.（2021·天津市5月压轴模拟·单项填空·T8）A ________ schedule can help women balance their work and
family lives.
A．tight B．temporary C．flexible D．specific
10.（2021·宝坻区三模·单项填空·T2）She works in a _______ school and teaches children between 5 and 11
years old.
A. primary B. precious C. secondary D. senior
11. （2021·宝坻区三模·单项填空·T7）What a terrible experience! _______, you’re safe now---that’s the main
thing.
A. Anyway B. Besides
C. Otherwise D. Therefore
12.（2021·和平区三模·单项填空·T3）
—Credit cards are________ useful when traveling.
—True. They save us the trouble of taking too much cash.
A. particularly B. partly C. exactly D. gradually
13.（2021·和平区三模·单项填空·T10）My grandfather is as ______ as a young man and hates sitting arounddoing nothing all day.
A. enthusiastic B. energetic
C. talkative D. sensitive
14.（2021·和平区一模·单项填空·T4）
At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but he gave in as she was so confident about her skills.
A. surprisingly B. typically C. eventually D. carefully
15.（2021·和平区一模·单项填空·T6）Carter was saying all the right things, but his smile was , and I
knew I couldn't trust him.
A. influential B. fantastic C. artificial D. sincere
16.（2021·河东区二模·单项填空·T4）For little children at the early age, these big questions may seem________
difficult.
A. rather B. hardly C. nearly D. seldom
17.（2021·河西区三模·单项填空·T6）A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is ________
established.
A. properly B. widely
C. originally D. temporarily
18.（2021·河西区三模·单项填空·T8）Their team is so powerful that we have very________chance to win, but
we will try our best.
A. thin B. light C. rare D. slim
19.（2021·东北三校二模·短文改错）
When it was my turn to speak, I stood on the stage with butterflies in my stomach and my hands got sweat.
20. （2021·东北三校二模·短文改错）Unfortunately, I brought my speech to a nice conclusion.
21.（2021·齐齐哈尔市二模·短文改错）My mother is the most busiest person in the family,…
22.（2021·齐齐哈尔市二模·短文改错）But she never complains. She treats another people with respect, so
everybody likes her.
23.（2021·齐齐哈尔市三模·短文改错）She is cute and can do a few tricks, which are funny and usually make
me very surprising.
24.（2021·齐齐哈尔市三模·短文改错）She is my considerate and faith companion.
25.（2021·齐齐哈尔市三模·短文改错）As time goes by, the relationship between Lucky and me becomes close
than before.
26.（2021·齐齐哈尔市一模·短文改错）I was so surprising that I crashed into an old lady walking down thestreet!
27.（2021·齐齐哈尔市一模·短文改错）Lucky, the old lady wasn't hurt, but I fell off my bike and landed in a
hole.
28.（2021•玉林市一模•短文改错）I came to a full stop and we stared at each other. His eyes seemed wisely.
29.（2021•马鞍山市一模•短文改错）Like many boys, my most favorite sport is basketball.
30.（2021•马鞍山市一模•短文改错）I moved more slowly and I was not as strongly as others.
31.（2021•马鞍山市一模•短文改错）I can’t forget how exciting I was after winning the first match.
32.（2021•柳州市三模•短文改错）I still remember my first presentation in front of my entire class. When it
came to my turn, I was very much nervous!
33. （2021•柳州市三模•短文改错）I kept doing so for some times. That helped me feel less terribly.
【2022年】
1.（2022年新高考I卷语法填空） The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate
___42_populations__)and homes of giant pandas, and ___43___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in
the wild.
2.（2022年全国甲卷 语法填空） In the last five years. Cao ___has walked__ (walk) through 34 countries in
six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___48___ (high) mountain.
3.（2022年全国乙卷卷 短文改错）We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise.
4.（2022年全国甲卷 短文改错） I felt so closely to him.
【2021年】
1.（2021年新高考I卷）It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
2.（2021 年新高考 I 卷）The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59
________(hot) the spring!
3. （ 2021 年 新 高 考 I 卷 ） Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60
________(astonish).
4.（2021年全国甲卷）we decided it was time for some action and what 45 (good) than to ride on a piece
of history!
5.（2021 年全国甲卷）… to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____50____
(day) routines.
6.（2021年全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61
_ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,…7. Provide 68 (finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
8.（2021年1月浙江卷）But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries
had narrowed 35(sharp).
9. This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including 37 ． (low) levels of
income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
10.（2021年6月浙江卷）When the house was built, it was much 39 （small）than it is today.
【2020年】
1.（2020·新课标Ⅰ）Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging.
2.（2020·新课标Ⅰ）Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it
contains, could help China decide whether...
3.（2020·新课标Ⅱ）Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their
homes and office. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
4.（2020·新课标Ⅱ）Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with
pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
5.（2020·新课标Ⅲ） One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to
come and present their 62 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
6.As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being
silently reflected in the water.
7.（2020·江苏卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants,
historical objects and works of art.
【2019年】
1.（2019·全国卷I） It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been
62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate…
2. （2019·全国卷I） … leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually
are.
3.（2019·全国卷 II）Her years of hard work have 63 (final)been acknowledged after a customer
nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
4. （2019·全国卷II） But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 70
(wonder).”
5.（2019·全国卷III）On our way to the house，it was raining 61 hard that we couldn't help wondering
how long it would take…
6.（2019·全国卷III）They also shared with us many 67 (tradition)stories about Hawaii that were 68
(huge)popular with tourists.
7.（2019·浙江卷）When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can 60
(easy) see them.
8.（2019·浙江卷）School uniforms are 65 (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of
them.【2018年】
1.（2018·全国卷I）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61
(long) than non-runners.
2.（2018·全国卷I）Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy).
3.（2018·全国卷I I）A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is
used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
4.（2018·全国卷I I）According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67
(globe)fertilizer consumption.
5.（2018·全国卷III）He screams the 63 (loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest
and charges toward me.
6.（2018·浙江卷） The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62 (afford) but
doing this most days adds up.
7.（2018·浙江卷）There could be an even 63 (high) cost on your health.
【2017年】
1.【2017·全国卷 I】... people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66
(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
2. 【2017·全国卷I】 However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes.
3. 【 2017· 全 国 卷 I I 】 Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been
___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
4. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in
1900.
5. 【2017·全国卷III】It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
6. 【2017·浙江卷】But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object.
7. 【2017·浙江卷】 Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring…
