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题型突破 04 选词填空之高分秘诀
（核心考点精讲精练）
【近年真题考点分布】
年份 词汇填空
2023上海秋考 名词考查4；动词考查3；形容词考查4；其中构词法2，分词2
2022上海秋考 名词考查5；动词考查4；形容词考查2；其中构词法1
2021上海秋考 名词考查3；动词考查5；形容词考查3；其中构词法2；分词2
2020上海秋考 名词考查3；动词考查5；形容词考查3；其中构词法3
选词填空题文体以说明文为主
题材内容以科普文为主，但内容各不相同，覆盖人文、健康、科技、气候、概念等方方面面。
【思维导图】【知识梳理】
词性考察 考点分析 做题技巧
1、主要考察名词作主语和宾语 1、先判断方框单词的词性
名词
2、注意名词也可作前置定语 词义，注意一词多性和一
do/does形式： 词多义。
1、句子缺少一个谓语动词，可根据“谓语动词数=连词数 2、精读第一句，掌握文章
主题。
+1”规则判断
3、根据语法知识确定被填
2、注意三单和动词及物不及物
入空格词的词性，缩小范
doing形式：
围。
1、可能是动名词、现在分词和进行时态
4、根据文章理解确定答
2、动名词主要考察作主语、宾语
案。
3、现在分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意
动词 5、仔细检查，最终敲定答
分词短语作后置定语情况
案。
done形式：
1、可能是谓语动词过去式、被动语态及过去分词
2、若空格前有be动词，要根据句意判断是被动还是表状
态的过去分词
3、过去分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意
分词短语作后置定语情况，注意单个过去分词作后置定语
的情况，如：left，saved，remained，gained等
形容词 单个形容词作前置定语，形容词短语作后置定语
副词 句子结构完整时用副词，位置可放句首，句中，句末
解题思路一：名词的确定
动词的确定：名词在句子中做主语；名词做动词宾语或介词宾语；注意名词也可作定语。例：
（2024年黄浦区二模）
A. convincing B. disinformation C. hazards D. illogical E. maintain F. preview
G. publicly H. racing I. response J. speed K. seemingly
It could also become a quick and inexpensive way of creating online ___34___, making it even harder to tell
what’s real on the internet.
In an interview, the team behind the technology said the company was not yet releasing Sora to the public
because it was still working to understand the system’s ___35___. The intention here is to give a(n) ___36___ of
what is likely to happen soon, so that people can see the capabilities of this technology. 解题思路二：动词的确定
动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关
联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。例：
（2024年嘉定区二模）
A. conserve B. wrinkly C. stationary D. exceptional E. oddities F. nursing
G. timely H. sounding I. generalize J. comprise K. rules
The Curious World of Bats
Many bat species can go into a period of deep sleep, known as “torpor”, for a few hours a day or even for weeks
to ____37____ energy when it’s cold or food is unavailable. And while most small mammals have short lives and
lots of babies, some bats can live for two decades or more and typically have just one baby per year.
For how much energy they need, it’s also surprising that many bat species, including most of those in the US,
rely on insects alone for food. They have to eat ridiculous quantities of them. A mom that is ____38____ a baby can
catch more than 4,000 insects in one night.
,
Oddly although bats can fly, they can’t easily take off from a(n) ____39____ position, like most birds and
insects do. That’s one reason why they hang upside down-bats have to gain the momentum they need by falling. “For
them, it’s not upside down,” Frick said. “It’s flight-side ready!”
While bats remain highly understudied relative to birds and other mammals, scientists are ____40____ the alarm.
In North America, more than half of all bat species are at risk of severe population decline. Climate change, they say,
threatens to only speed up their extinction.
解题思路三：非谓语动词的确定
非谓语动词的确定：动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。
有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。例：
（2024年静安区二模）
A. army B. available C. displayed D. reserves E. straight F. inserted
G. additional H. advocates I. initiative J. proven K. existing
A new way to reduce poaching
Also, ___17___ studies using computer modeling and a replica rhino head will be done to determine a safe dose
of radioactive material. Rhino horn is used in traditional medicine, as it is believed to cure disease such as cancer,
___18___ as a show of wealth and given as gifts........
Besides Russia’s state-owned nuclear company, the University of Witwatersrand, scientists and private rhino
owners are involved in the project. If the method is ___19___ feasible, it could also be used to curb illegal trade in
elephant ivory.
解题思路四：形容词的确定
形容词的确定：形容词作定语修饰名词。单个形容词作前置定语；形容词短语作后置定语。例：
（2024年金山区二模）
A. actually B. amazed C. breathtaking D. critics E. gradually F. prize
G. reflection H. release I. solid J. standardize K. switched
Will AI allow humans to play a part?
The speed of change, though, has been ___39___. Increasingly, says Bone, she and her colleagues are acting as
editors of a machine’s first pass, rather than translators of the raw material.
For some, that’s fine. “People will say, ‘OK, instead of working at one rate for this number of words per hour,
I’m working at many more words per hour, but for a much lower rate.’ Some are happy to take on. Some won’t, as a
matter of principle.”
As we are ___40___ at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing, translators are, compared with
the rest of the professions, sensitive. Anyway, this technology is here to stay.
解题思路五：副词的确定
副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等；
（2024年浦东新区二模）
A. backfire B. compensate C. extend D. impressive E. meaningful
F. measure G. needle H. overall I. perceive J. punishment K. typically
Why You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose Weight
For starters, exercise — at least the kind most of us do — is ___12___ ineffective for weight loss. Take walking,
for example. A 150-pound person who walks briskly for 30 minutes will burn, on average, around 140 calories. That’s
equal to one can of soda — not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort. It’s much easier just to
skip the soda.
Studies ___13___ show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for 30 minutes a day,
five days a week — the amount recommended for good health — typically produces little or no weight loss by
itself.
解题思路六：熟词生义A. address B. fascination C.governed D. imposing E.offensive F.originally
G.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.swept
Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his
fiefdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord
would come to report the affairs of the lands that they ___37___ and pay tribute to the lord. They would ___38___
disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval
England. （2018上海春考）
A. competitors B. philosophy C. properly D. maximize E. enthusiastic F. candidate
G.mirrors H. background I. extremely J. conducted K. cultural
You need to communicate in a way that 38 their company standards; this will show that you can fit in that
organization.（2017上海春考模拟卷）
解题思路七：一词多性
These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance,
establish or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best.
A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting
F. elements G.function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting
解题思路八：构词法（派生/转化/合成/缀合）
（2016上海高考）
A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct
G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze
More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the
result is 43 design.
For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat
of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user.
（2017黄埔一模）
A. administered B. assess C. evaluating D. externally E. improperly F. life-threatening
G. measures H. original I. preexisting J. principles K. vital
Next, __（assess）____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details ofthe injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and __ preexisting___ conditions such as heart
trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.
First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist.
解题思路九：固定搭配
在选词填空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，但对固定搭配的理解很常见。此外，非常重要的一点是注
意小品词，即我们通常所说的to, in , on , at ,from等等,某种程度上能给我们选择的提示。如：
1).He believes design must take into the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste.
（account）（2016上海高考）
2). Since you really____ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it?
(commit) (2014上海高考)
3).The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ____foods as healthy
or unhealthy. (classify) （2014上海高考）
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note
that there is one word more than you need.
A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct
G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze
Golden Rules of Good Design
What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of
good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are
four as follows.
Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist
view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through
the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42
More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the
result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design
was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.
Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape,
form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example,
think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and
regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is
needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes
design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as
important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking
device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.
（上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高三英语3月检测英语试题）
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that
there is one word more than you need.
A．alternative B．astonishing C． computerized D．contribution E. developing
F. rate G. modified H. perfect I. reject J. relevance K. sufficient
Using animals to test drugs intended for humans is controversial, with critics arguing there are other ways to
ensure new medicines are safe and effective. But the scientists who carry out the research say animal studies remain
necessary. Statistics indicate that in the UK around three million mice are being used for research and tens of millions
worldwide.
Despite the difference in appearances, the genetic similarities with humans are 1 . The mouse
genome (基因组) shares over 95% of its genes with humans. The animal acts as a “model”, genetically 2
to develop a human disease. But the use of mice, like any animal, in research is criticized by some.
Animal Defenders International (ADI) is one of the groups that campaigns for an end to the use of animals in
research. “We would argue that it is extremely outdated, and not very good science for humans,” says Fleur Dawes
of ADI. Ms. Dawes believes the suffering that the animals go through does not legalize their 3 to science
and medicine for humans.” There is a big problem with that because there are huge differences between the species.
And even though there are similarities with humans and mice, they react very differently to each other when
experimented on. So what works in one animal is not an indication that that is how things work in other animals.”
However, Dr. Wells from Mary Lyon Centre (MLC) says they are constantly trying to 4 the process to
reduce the suffering of mice.” If it’s a procedure where you can anaesthetize (麻醉) the mice, then you do it to
reduce their stress. And if there is a (n) 5 method that doesn’t involve mice, you are not legally and
normally allowed to do the procedure.”
If we 6 animal research, are there alternatives? Dr. Wells says, “There is a massive field 7
on alternatives, and we are very supportive of that field and we always keep track of what is going on in that field,
because maybe we can replace one of our models. “Those alternatives include chips on human organs to study theirfunction, micro-dosing treatments in humans and 8 models.” Lots of people say that there is a computer
now to model what is going to happen in diseases,” Dr. Wells adds, “But we still don’t know enough to program those
computers with 9 knowledge to be able to model what’s happening in every disease.”
Fleur Dawes agrees one alternative is not enough. But she says, “By combining the different alternatives, you
can actually get a much better picture that is of much better 10 to humans.”
（一）
（2024年奉贤区二模）
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that
there is one word more than you need.
A. flooded B. leaps C. increasingly D. combines E. reflects F. emphasizing
G. pioneering H. crafted I. technical J. unexpectedly K. classic
Chinese animations (动画) are booming
The “Black Cat Delective”, released 40 years ago, was a childhood favorite for many Chinese. Since then,
Chinese cartoons have come a long way. While “Black Cat Detective” was simply drawn, current cartoons feature
____11____ advances and fascinating plots. One example is “Boonie Bears: Time Twist”, a family-friendly adventure
released in February, with smooth animation reminding us of Pixar, a ____12____ animation studio now owned by
Disney.
These recent ____13____ in quality have enabled Chinese cartoons to succeed at the domestic box office. “Ne
Zha: Birth of the Demon Child” was the most well-received film in China in 2019,____14____ beating out “Avengers:
Endgame ”, a superhero movie by Marvel Studios.
In the 1960s, China’s animation industry saw a big downturn as American and Japanese films ____15____ into
the Chinese market, dominating both domestic television and cinema screens. As a result, Chinese animators
____16____ began to work for western studios. However, things changed in 2015 with the release of “Monkey King:
Hero is Back”, a breakthrough for Chinese animation. This film, based on the timeless ____17____ “Journey to the
Wes/”, signaled a new era of creativity and success in the industry. The main character, the Monkey King, is
depicted(刻画) as going through a mid-life crisis, which ____18____ the director’s view that cartoons are not just
for children.
Light Chaser Animation, a Beijing-based studio, has contributed to the popularity of cartoons in China. Its
production “30,000 Miles from Chang’ an” ____19____ elements of Chinese culture, history, and legends with
aesthetic(美学的) feeling of Tang dynasty poetry. Indeed, traditional themes are widespread among successful Chinese
animations,____20____ the importance of traditional culture as a foundation for Chinese animation. Like other
industries, cartoons in China are inspired by Western innovations but with added “Chinese characteristics”.
（二）（2024年虹口区二模）
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note
that there is one word more than you need.
A. chaos B. consume C. plentiful D. discharge E. evolutionarily F. extent
G. freeze H. mechanism I. novel J. subsequently K. unstable
Science in Images
Oyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world, but they should be off the menu for hungry worms --
which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat. Now researchers finally know how they do it.
A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use a particular poisonous substance to
freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫). The mushrooms, which grow on
nutrient-poor dead wood, then ___31___ the worms for nutrition.
“Nematodes happen to be the most ___32___ animals these mushrooms encounter. So I think, ___33___, this
cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,” says study senior author.
The study team of geneticists, biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release
an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow ___34___ the worms within minutes and cause a chemical
element to flow into their cells, killing them. This ___35___ differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms
and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.
For their new work, the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue, finding no noticeable
poison even when they broke it up. They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of ___36___
compound that disappears into air when disturbed. When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and
___37___ analyzed the nearby air, they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny, special-
shaped structures on the mushroom surface. When nematodes touch the mushrooms, these structures ___38___ their
gas, disturbing the worms’ cell walls to cause immobility and death. The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.
Before this study, “we underestimated the ___39___ to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume
nematodes,” notes Nick Talbot, a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, England. The study demonstrates
“a very ____40____ approach,” he adds. “These organisms are really difficult to work on, and Dr. Hsueh is showing
that you can do some really amazing work with them.”（2023年6月·上海高考真题）
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.
Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.unworkable B.indicative C.polar D.promising E.quantity
F.requests G.content H. vision I.evaluating J.unmet K.subscribing
Brainstorming is a creative process that can help generate new and innovative ideas to solve complex problems.
It involves bringing together individuals from diverse backgrounds and perspectives to share their ideas freely and
build upon each other's contributions. However, to make the most of this process, it is important to create an
environment that encourages active participation and collaboration. Here are some key principles to keep in mind
when conducting a brainstorming session.
Firstly, it is important to have a clear vision or goal for the brainstorming session. This will help guide the
discussion and ensure that all ideas generated are relevant to the topic at hand. Participants should be encouraged to
share their thoughts and ideas freely, without fear of judgment or criticism. By (31)________to each other's ideas,
individuals can build on each other's contributions and create a more comprehensive understanding of the problem.
When (32)________ the quality of ideas generated during a brainstorming session, it is important to consider
both the quantity and the (33)________ . While a high quantity of ideas can be beneficial,it is more important to
focus on the quality of the ideas and how well they align with the group's shared vision. Ideas that are (34)________ or
irrelevant to the group's goals should be discarded in favor of those that are more (35)________.
It is also important to honor (36)________ for more information or clarification on a particular idea. This can
help the group better evaluate the idea and determine whether it aligns with their shared vision. If an idea is deemed
unworkable or needs are (37)________ comprehensively, it is important to recognize this and move on to other ideas
that may be more feasible.
In addition to evaluating the quality of ideas, it is important to consider the content of the discussion. The
brainstorming session should be focused on generating new ideas and solutions.rather than rehashing old ones.
Participants should be encouraged to think creatively and outside the box, and to avoid getting bogged down in the
details.
The (38)________ of ideas generated during a brainstorming session can also be an important factor to consider.
While a high quantity of ideas is not always indicative of a successful session, it can help ensure that all possibilities are
explored and considered. Participants should be encouraged to generate as many ideas as possible, without worrying
about whether they are practical or feasible.
Ultimately, the success of a brainstorming session depends on the group's ability to work together towards a
shared (39)________. By creating a culture of subscribing to each other's ideas and evaluating them based on their
quality and relevance, we can generate innovative solutions to complex problems that benefit society as a whole.
Brainstorming is a powerful tool that can help us overcome the (40)________ that plagues our society, and create a
more collaborative and creative future.
