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考点 25 祈使句&反意疑问句&省略句-特殊句型（重难考点精讲练）
祈使句
一、祈使句的句式特征
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根
据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝
告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，
也不能与情态动词连用。
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！
Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。
二、祈使句的肯定句式
祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：
1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。
Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。
2. Be动词+其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）。
Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。
3. Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。
Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。
1. (2022·全国乙卷·短文改错) That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the
topic!
2.Always _______________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
A. to keep B. to have kept C. keep D. have kept
3.__________and I’ll get the work finished.
A. Have one more hour B. One more hour
C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour
I’ll beat you flat.因此B项正确。如果选C, D两项, 要去掉and。
4. In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A．press B．to press
C．pressing D．pressed
5．________ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A．Giving B．Given
C．To give D．Give
三、祈使句的否定句式
祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下四种类型：
1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成＂Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分＂。
Don’t say that again! 别再那样说了！
2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成＂Don’t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)＂。
Don’t be careless. 不要粗心。
注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。
3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种：(1)Let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代
词的宾格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句，
必须在Let’s后加not。
Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。
Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。
4. 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用＂No+名词/V-ing形式＂结构，表示＂禁止做某事＂。
NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!
四、祈使句的反意问句
祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式：
1. 祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用 will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用 won’t
you。
Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？
2. 祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？
3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其他均用will you。
Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走，好吗？
五、祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是＂形式一致＂，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致。二是
＂意思相反＂，即Yes是＂不＂的意思；No是＂是＂的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供
的条件。
—Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
—Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。
六、祈使句与陈述句的并列使用
祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连
词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。
Leave it with me and I will see what I can do. 把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。
Hurry up, or we’ll be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。
七、祈使句与条件状语从句的连用
祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。
Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个
电话。
八、祈使句的强调形式
祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。
Do shut up! 快住口！
九、特殊形式的祈使句
在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个
带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。
More water and the young trees couldn’t have died. =If you had given them more water, the young trees
couldn’t have died. 如果你给那些小树多浇点水的话，它们就不会死了。
十、运用祈使句的误区
祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中，如果稍不留神，就
会出错。因此，要认真审题，认真分析句子结构，并根据上下文语境，作出正确判断。
_______________ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A. Having checked B. Check
C. If you check D. To check反意疑问句
高考对疑问句的考查主要是对反义疑问句的考查。
反义疑问句也叫附加疑问句，指的是在陈述句后面附加一个简短的一般疑问句，用于对陈述句所说的
事实或观点提出疑问或表示证实。陈述部分与附加部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，但是肯定和否
定形式却彼此相反，即陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问句部分用否定式；陈述部分为否定式时，附加部分用肯
定式。
反义疑问句主要分以下各种情况：
反意疑问句由两部分构成：前一部分用陈述句形式，后一部分是一个附加在前一部分上的简短问句。
陈述部分用肯定形式时，附加问句部分用否定形式，反之亦然。附加问句部分的动词形式及主语由陈述句
决定，而且主语必须是代词。
1. 陈述部分的主语是名词时，附加问句的主语用相应的人称代词。
Your parents had a long talk with you last night, didn’t they?
2. 陈述部分主语是表示人的不定代词时，反意疑问句的主语侧重全部用they，侧重个体用he。
No one was there that day, was he/were they?
3. 陈述部分主语是表示物的不定代词时，反意疑问句的主语用it。
Everything that he says is true, isn’t it?
4. 陈述部分的主语是one时，反意疑问句的主语在正式的场合用one，在非正式场合用you。
One should be honest, shouldn’t one/you?
5. 陈述部分主语是指示代词时，反意疑问句的主语要用it或they。
This is your car, isn’t it?
Those are grapes, aren’t they?
6. 陈述部分是there be结构时，反意疑问句仍用there。
There was a hospital here, wasn’t there?
7. 陈述部分有表示推测的情态动词must时，反意疑问句的动词与must后的动词一致。
They must be sleeping then, weren’t they?
must后接完成式，若表示对过去情况的推测，附加问句中动词用didn’t；若表示对已完
成情况的推测，用haven’t或hasn’t。
8. 陈述部分含有否定词时，反意疑问句用肯定式。
He is never late for school, is he?They seldom clean the room, do they?
常见的否定词有no，never，nothing，nowhere，rarely，hardly，seldom，few，little等；若陈述部分有
带否定意义词缀的派生词，如dislike，useless，unfair等，后面的附加问句仍用否定式。
9. 陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问句用will you或won’t you。
Look at the blackboard, will/won’t you?
Don’t make any noise, will you？
以Let’s开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用shall we；以Let us/me开头的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you；
陈述部分是否定的祈使句，反意疑问句用will you或can you都可以。
10. 陈述部分是并列句时，反意疑问句与邻近的分句一致。
She works hard and she is the best one in her factory, isn’t she?
11. 陈述部分是复合句时，反意疑问句与主句一致。
When the teacher speaks in class, we have to keep quiet, don’t we?
12. 陈述部分是否定转移句式时，反意疑问句与从句一致，且用肯定形式。
I don’t think he will come, will he?
在回答反意疑问句时，不管其陈述句部分是肯定的还是否定的，如果事实是肯定的，回
答用＂yes＋肯定的简略句＂；如果事实是否定的，回答用＂no＋否定的简略句＂，形式要一致。陈述部分
是否定形式时，答语中的yes译成＂不＂，no译成＂是＂。
—They haven’t been told the truth, have they?
—Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？
1.We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _________?
A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we2. I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus,__________?
A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. aren’t I D. didn’t she
3．John, read the text for us, ______?
A．does he B．will he C．do you D．will you
4．He doesn’t think that the plan is practical, _____?
A．does he B．doesn’t he C．is it D．isn’t it
5．Mrs. Green doesn’t believe that her son is able to design automobiles, ?
A．is she B．isn’t she C．doesn’t she D．does she
省略句
高考英语省略号也是特殊句式中一种重点句式，也是难点句式。历年常考状语从句的省略。在写作句式中
也是一种高端句式。
考向1：状语从句的省略（重点）
在when, while, whenever, before， after，till, if, unless, as if, though, than, as等引导时间状语从句，
条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而从句主语又与主句主语相同或从句主语是it
时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。
（1）状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，省略主语和be动词。
（2）从属连词接现在分词强调与句子主语之间的主动关系，用过去分词强调二者之间被动关系。
例1：If (it is) necessary, you’d better refer to the dictionary. 如果有必要，你最好查字典。
例2：While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 走在大街上我听到有人叫我名字。
例3：The activity is more interesting than (it was) expected. 这个活动比预计的有趣很多。
[注意] 特殊的省略结构：if省略结构，常作为插入语来处理。
if so 如果这样的话； if not 若非如此 ； if ever 如果曾经有的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话； if possible 如果可能的话； if any 如果有的话
If possible，let me know beforehand. 如有可能，事先通知我。（4）Get up early tomorrow, if not (you don't get up early), you will miss the first train.
明天早点起床，如果不的话，你将会错过头班车。
（5）Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to my help.
他会在任何可能的时候来帮助我。
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. No child shall be, unless ______________ (accompany) by an adult, allowed out of the school during the day.
2. Anyone, once __________(test) positive for novel corona-virus, will receive free medical treatment from our
government.
3. While __________(do) my homework at home, I heard my name called.
考向2：定语从句中的省略
（1）在定语从句中，当先行词在句中作宾语时，可省略关系代词that/which/whom。
例1：This is the dictionary (that/which) I’m looking for. 这是我在寻找的那本字典。
例2：The boy (who/whom) you are talking with is my eider brother. 和你谈话的那个男孩是我的哥哥。
（2）定语从句先行词是the way并在从句充当方式状语时，定语从句用in which 或that引导，其中that
可以省略。
例3：I appreciate the way (that) she spoke to me. 我喜欢她给我说话的方式。
在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Among the many dangers what sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
2. What surprised me was not what he said but the way which he said it.考向3：宾语从句中的省略
（1）一个句子含有两个宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，第二个不能省略。
例1：I think (that) he needs some help and that we should help him. 我认为他需要帮助，我们应该帮助他。
（2）省略了一个宾语从句或从句的一部分，用so或not代替。
例2：—Is he coming back tonight? 今天晚上他要回来吗？
—I think so. 我认为是这样的。
例3：—Is he feeling better today? 今天他觉得好点了吗？
—I’m afraid not. 恐怕没有。
在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. —Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?
—I don’t believe _______.
2. —Do you think we’ll tell him the bad news?
— Of course, I hope ______.
考向4：动词不定式的省略
（1）感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略 to；下列句型常省略不定式符号to：may as well do sth;
had better do, do nothing but do sth; can’t help but do sth. Why not sth? prefer to do…rather than do sth,
would rather do…than do…等。
例1：We saw a pretty girl pass by just now. 刚才我们看见一个漂亮的女孩经过。
例2：Why not join us in playing basketball? 为什么不和我们一块打篮球呢？
【即时训练】单句改错。
1. The librarian will let you to know when the book has been returned.
2. I lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing but to wait for my mother.
3. They had no choice but sleep in the open air.
（2）在特定上下文中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省略但通常保留不定式符号to。
例：I didn’t want to go there, but I had to. 我不想去那里，但又不得不去。单句改错。
1. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.
2.—Will Mr Brown come, too?
—Yes. He promised, but he hasn’t turned up yet.
(3)省略不定式符号to的情况。
a．当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略to。
The only thing you have to do is open the door.你唯一要做的事情打开门。
b．不定式作介词but(除了), except的宾语，前面有实义动词do的某种形式时，不定式常省略to。
I can do nothing but wait here.我除了在这里等无事可做。
c．当两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，后面的不定式符号to可省略，但表示对比关系时则不能省略。
I'm really puzzled what to think of and express.我真的不知道想什么和表达什么。
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.制订计划比执行计划容易。
[名师点睛] 省略句中to的遗漏
【误】She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not.
【正】She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not to.
[分析] 动词不定式在 like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try,
promise等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式后的内容，但要保留不定式符号to。
d．在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词及使役动词let, make, have后
作宾语补足语的不定式不加to，但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，不定式要加上to。
She saw him walk into the house.她看到他走进了那座房子。
He was seen to walk into the house.有人看到他走进了那座房子。
He had two boys wash his car.他让两个男孩给他洗车。
e．you'd better/why not后跟不带to的不定式。
Why not try it again?为什么不再试试？
注意：do what we can to do... 全力以赴去做...考向5：介词的省略
（1）both 后常跟of短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。
接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时，of不能省略。
Both (of) the films were interesting. 这两部电影都很有趣。
She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。
（2）在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中，一段时间前的介词for可以省略。
（3）和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词
consider... (as)..., spend/waste…(in) doing花费、浪费时间做某事；be busy/occupied (in) doing 忙于做某事；
prevent/stop …(from) doing阻止某人做某事；have a hard time (in) doing做某事有困难；have trouble (in)
doing做某事有困难；There is no points/sense (in) doing做……没有用；have fun (in) doing做……开心。
（4）his, that, next, last后接时间名词时，前边省略介词。
Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away. 树能阻止泥土被冲走。
I have difficulty (in) finding his house.
例1：She is occupied looking after her sick grandma. 她忙于照料她生病的奶奶。
例2：The police have been trying to prevent them carrying weapons. 警方一直都设法阻止他们携带武器。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。
1. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________(pass) the exam.
2. According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ______(watch) TV.
3. You can’t imagine what a hard time she had __________(raise) the four children.
4. In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year.
考向6：比较句中的省略
以than/as引起的从句中，常会省略主语。因为主语省略了，所以尤其要注意识别哪个词是省略了的主语，
进而选择谓语的数、时态和语态。
He is more of a writer than a historian. 他是历史学家，但更可以说是位作家。
He is more brilliant than ever before.他比以往更高明。考向7: I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别相当于肯定或否定，宾
语从句可省去。
（1）Do you think it will snow?
—I hope not/that it will not snow.
——你认为会下雪吗？
——我希望不要下。
（2）—Do you believe Jim will come?
—I think so.
——你相信Jim会来吗？
——我想会赢。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2021·黑龙江哈尔滨三中高三一模)A pitcher needs to throw the ball with one hand and ________ (wear) a
baseball glove on the other—something that Jim couldn’t do.
2．(2021·安徽示范高中皖北协作区高三一模)But it is China ________ has always held the most fascination for
him and last year he became the first filmmaker from outside China to __(make)a film about the life and work of
poet Du Fu.
3．(2021·山西省阳泉市高三第三次教学质量检测(三模))Although ________(force) to walk away a little out of
fear，the bird kept turning around to make sure that he was following.
4．(2021·山东济南市高三一模)There ________(be) four roles in facial makeup, sheng, dan, jing，and chou.
5．(2021·浙江省Z20联盟(名校新高考研究联盟)高三第三次联考)This provides a reminder that it is users’
attitudes ________ shape their experiences on social media.
6．(2021·山东省潍坊市四县市(安丘，诸城，五莲，兰山)高考模拟)In an afternoon of 1929, a farmer and his
son in a village of China’s Sichuan Province accidentally discovered a true wonder of civilization when
________(dig) a well.
7．(2021·上海市浦东新区高三下学期三模)Without a doubt, engaging in physical activity is one of the most
important things, ________ not the most important thing, that a person can do to enhance best functioning.
8．(2021·安徽师范大学附属中学高三5月最后一卷)That is why the Japanese government is reportedly going to
approve a strategy of discharging the water to the ocean, as ________(recommend) by scientific advisers.9．(2021·山东省实验中学高三5月第二次模拟考试)When ________ (practise) it quietly and slowly, you can
sense the existing of air and gradually(gradual) in the near future this sport will become your new lifestyle.
10．(2021·湖南省衡阳市第八中学高三考前预测卷)If you’re looking to_maximize(maximize) the amount of fat
burned in your next workout, ________(think) about having a coffee half an hour before you get started—as a new
study suggests it can make a significant difference to fat burning, especially later on in the day.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2021·宁夏石嘴山市高考二模)What great the change was!
2．(2021·江西省宜丰中学高三一模)I have a good command of English and I’m confident in giving players
guidance and help as requiring.
3．(2021·江西南昌市高三一模)Only then I’m honest and reliable will I be trusted with others.
4．(2021·江西重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)The room had been booked previously so it was no need to deal
with this problem.
5．(2021·河南省郑州市高中毕业年级第三次质量预测)When interviewing by the school TV station，I
expressed my pride in our splendid culture.
6．(2021·甘肃兰州市高三一模)They are many after-school activities in my school.
7．(2021·内蒙古呼和浩特市高三一模)Only when we live in a clean city we live a happy life.
8．(2021·安徽示范高中皖北协作区高三一模)There will have an English speech contest next week, which I plan
to get involved in.
9．(2021·东北三校(哈师大附中、东师大附中、辽宁省实验中学)高三第四次联合模拟考试)Apart from these
reasons, there is even some students who complain that they can’t afford sports facilities.
10．(2021·安徽省合肥市第一中学高三最后一卷)There is a Chinese saying goes like this：Traveling ten
thousand li is better than reading ten thousand books.
11.When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many
similarities.
A. being compared B. comparing
C. Compared D. having been compared
12.If ________ (give) more care and attention, the boy would not have gone that far on the wrong path. (所给词的
适当形式填空）
1.(2022·全国乙卷·短文改错) That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the
topic!
