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题型突破 06 完形填空之难点破解
（核心考点精讲精练）
【近年真题考点分布】
年份 完形填空
2023上海秋考 名词3；动词6；形2；副2；词组2；其中
2022上海秋考 名词5；动词5；形3；副0；词组2；其中
2021上海秋考 名词5；动词3；形4；副0；词组3；其中
2020上海秋考 名词7；动词5；形3；副0；词组0；其中
完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。上海高考完型主要考察动词、名词、形容词、
副词。其他偶尔有过渡词、介词短语、连词。体裁上以议论文为主，说明文为辅。题材上以思想、文化、
商业、生活为主，同时涉及其他话题。
1.动词：动词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。包括动词词组。
2.名词：名词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
3.形容词：形容词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
4.副词：副词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
【思维导图】
【知识梳理】 解题技巧一：依据首句线索，紧扣主题选择。
首句通常是文章的主题句，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、
地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句, 对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。
（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）
Recently, we carried out an interesting social experiment. The participants were asked to choose between two
___31___: throw a coin to win one billion dollars if the coin happens to land on heads, or get a 10-million-dollar
cheque without even throwing the coin.
解题技巧二：仔细推敲, 注意逻辑关系和过渡词。
做题时,要充分利用上下文,找到适当的逻辑关系。常考逻辑关系有：并列、转折、递进、对比、因果、让
步、例证等。分为以下5种关系：
① 对立关系
包括让步和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately,
although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of, regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but等。
② 因果关系
常用的标志词和短语有：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that,
consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that,
in that, now that, as a result, for this reason等。
③ 并列关系
常用的标志词和短语有：and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in
the same way, that is to say, as well as, the same…as等。
④ 总分关系
常用的标志词和短语有：such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example,
more specifically等。
⑤ 递进关系
常用的标志词和短语有：then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what’s
worse, even worse等。
（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）
The bottom line: We can change if we want to. Some of the solutions to light pollution— motion-detecting lights,
shielded lights that do not ______1_(reflect)_____ light upward, artificial light with wavelengths that is similar to
natural light—are already within our grasp, if we just ______2(reach for)______ them. “We could just turn it all off,
but I guess we don’t want to,” said Eklof in a recent interview. “______3______, it’s vital we find a middle way.”
1．A．absorb B．stretch C．transform D．reflect
2．A．reach for B．apply to C．long for D．adapt to
3．A．Therefore B．Furthermore C．However D．Instead 解题技巧三：根据上下文逻辑关系，辨析词义。
（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）
Gas lighting is initially used to talk about what happens in romantic relationships. However, many individuals also
experience gaslighting at work. ___40___, a recent survey has found that 58% of the respondents said they have
experienced gaslighting at work.
40．A．By comparison B．Worse still C．After all D．In fact
解题技巧四：注意同形词或词组的辨析。
（2023·上海松江·统考二模）
However, interpreting animal behavior through human eyes can be ____44____, observes Marc Hauser, a
Harvard psychology professor and evolutionary biologist. In the cucumber-grape study, for example, the monkeys
could have ____45____ the cucumbers simply because they were annoyed that they didn’t get a grape once they
saw it.
44．A．critical B．pessimistic C．problematic D．marvellous
45．A．set aside B．thrown away C．held onto D．aimed at
解题技巧五: 利用原词复现或同现, 选择最佳选项。
（2023·上海金山·统考二模）
As a matter of fact, science has never been a(n) ___45___ effort. Isaac Newton stood on the “shoulders of giants”;
Neil Armstrong’s “one small step” was a dream realized by hundreds of thousands of engineers and scientists. Science
is, and always has been, and repetitive process where draw on discoveries made by others to ___(gradually)___ advance
the boundaries of human knowledge.
45．A．terrific B．constant C．intellectual D．individual
（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）
Enter mind mapping, a ___45___ that shows how different ideas and facts relate to one another. This two-
dimensional (二维的) ___46___ is designed to help you information because its format is easy for your mind to
___47___.
47．A．remember B．confirm C．draw D．design
解题技巧六：注意固定搭配，常用句型及生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。
（2023·上海虹口·统考二模）The majority of America’s 700,000 or so eateries now ____(distribute)____ by means of a delivery app. Modern
life makes people rely more on convenience food, as more women work and everybody is ____44____ time. In
doing so, it has also changed one of Silicon Valley’s most criticized business models.
Restaurants entered the digital world two decades ago when Takeaway.com in Europe and Grubhub in America
put menus ____45____.
44．A．friendly to B．experienced in C．short of D．responsible for
45．A．outside B．right C．online D．free
解题技巧七：仔细分析长难句，找出主从句等。
（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）
Some people try to _____53_____ themselves from the song, and it works. You can try reading a book, listening
to a different song or even playing an instrument. Others _____54_____ the tune in question, because it is commonly
believed that earworms occurwhen you remember only part of a song; hearing the entire song may stop it. Neurologists
(神经学家) point outthat it’s recommendable to chew gum to reduce the _____55_____ of an earworm because jaw
movement interferes with musical memory. However, it’s important to note that this phenomenon usually lasts less
than 24 hours.
53. A. perceive B. isolate C. distract D. identify
54. A. seek out B. act out C. cast out D. knock out
55. A. proportion B. intensity C. integrity D. preference
【上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高三下学期2月适应性练习】
Who cares if people assume that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why
does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent 1 changes? It would not matter if these
misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in 2 use of
scarce resources.
The eager embrace of the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the
Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to
live on 3 . This belief in “post-industrial society” has led those countries to 4 their manufacturing
sector, with negative consequences for their economies.
Even more worryingly, the 5 with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international
community to worry about the “digital 6 ” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led
companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities.
The question, 7 , is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for
those less 8 things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washingmachines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet
centers in rural villages. I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but these donors don’t seem
to give priority to people’s 9 needs. Rather, they have rushed into fancy programs without carefully assessing
the relative long-term costs and benefits of 10 uses of their money.
In yet another example, an obsession with the new has led people to believe that the latest changes in the
technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world”.
11 , in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is
the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in
such a world, many governments have 12 some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows
of capital, labor and goods, with poor results.
Understanding technological trends is very important for 13 designing economic policies, both at the
national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the 14 level. However, our
blind faith in the latest, and our 15 of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts
of wrong directions.
1．A．cultural B．political C．educational D．technological
2．A．misguided B．illegal C．inefficient D．dissatisfying
3．A．practices B．risks C．reforms D．ideas
4．A．emphasize B．neglect C．monitor D．promote
5．A．familiarity B．involvement C．fascination D．identification
6．A．conflict B．divide C．contact D．balance
7．A．therefore B．otherwise C．however D．furthermore
8．A．fashionable B．expensive C．recognizable D．accessible
9．A．medical B．basic C．economic D．technical
10．A．creative B．abnormal C．alternative D．inappropriate
11．A．For example B．As a result C．On the contrary D．In the meantime
12．A．put an end to B．put up with C．come up with D．come down to
13．A．constantly B．actively C．correctly D．adequately
14．A．private B．individual C．financial D．universal
15．A．generalization B．evaluation C．overstatement D．underestimation
【上海市2022-2023学年高三下学期“六校联合教研”质量调研英语试卷】
The number of the bestHow big should a business team be? It is an enormously important issue for companies. Teams that are too small
may ____21____ the skills required to get the job done; teams that are too big may be impossible to co-ordinate.
Similar trade-offs may apply when it comes to firms as a whole. Start-ups are often short of staff. The founders
must play a host of different ____22____, from obtaining finance to product development and marketing, for which
they may not be equally suited. But the ____23____ is that they can have highly collaborative working
environments.
People who have worked for start-ups say the culture changes when the company reaches a certain
____24____. Patty McCord, formerly of Netflix, referred to the “stand-on-a-chair number”—the biggest group that
can easily hear the boss ____25____ them.
Robin Dunbar, an anthropologist (人类学家) at Oxford University, has done a lot of work on primate groups.
His argument is that the size of the group is linked to the size of the brain. With their large brains, humans can cope
with larger bands. A larger social group has many advantages, ____26____ greater protection and specialisation.
Whereas 150 is sometimes referred to as the “Dunbar number”, the academic himself in fact refers to a range
of ____27____. He observes that humans tend to have five intimate friends, 15 or so good friends, around 50 social
friends and 150-odd acquaintances.
Running a larger network can be difficult. So much time is needed to maintain relationships that their quality
inevitably ____28____. The armed forces have spent millennia experimenting with unit size. A Roman centurion (百人
队长) oversaw 100. The modern American army company has 180 members. Britain’s equivalent numbers 120.
These are rough estimates, rather than rigid figures. But it is striking that many group activities seem to be
____29____ a Dunbar number. The Special Air Service, Britain’s elite fighting unit, has four-man patrols; when your
life depends on it, you need to have absolute ______30______ in your colleagues. As a result, such groups are
limited in size.
Sports-team sizes ______31______ the playing area. There are five players in a basketball side and six in ice
hockey; outdoors there are 11 players in football and cricket teams, and 7-15 in the various forms of rugby. Perhaps
this is the optimal size for coaching purposes, or perhaps crowds would ______32______ to distinguish individual
players if teams were larger.
Small work teams may also tend towards these two size ranges. “If you want a committee to ______33______
something, limit it to four to five people,” says Mr Dunbar. “But to brainstorm in a meeting, you need 12-15.” Many
companies use “agile” teams which draw employees from across the company; they tend to have between five and
nine members.
The modern company may settle on a ______34______ with a small group of “core” workers and a larger
group of contract workers. The result may be more ______35______ within the core staff but the non-core staff may
be less well treated. The small core teams may work effectively. The big question will be the effect on morale of those
outside those teams.
21. A. demand B. lack C. cultivate D. sharpen
22. A. roles B. games C. cards D. missions
23. A. truth B. point C. upside D. goal
24. A. height B. level C. size D. degree25. A. phone B. contact C. criticize D. address
26. A. calling for B. allowing for C. hoping for D. paying for
27. A. records B. networks C. circles D. figures
28. A. suffers B. thrives C. denied D. functions
29. A. similar with B. close to C. interested in D. equal to
30. A. trust B. will C. right D. advance
31. A. result in B. relate to C. arise from D. contribute to
32. A. rush B. compete C. struggle D. refuse
33. A. discuss B. decide C. judge D. facilitate
34. A. shape B. scale C. level D. construction
35. A. agreement B. innovation C. influence D. cohesion
（2024年长宁区二模）
A cure for the future in the past?
For over fifty years, the people of Britain have relied on the welfare state to make sure they have adequate
health services. But now the National Health Service is sick. Government ___21___ and underfunding are forcing
hospitals to close, and waiting lists for treatment are getting longer. Under such circumstances, it is no surprise that
more people are turning to private (but expensive) healthcare.
For some, however, there are ___22___. They are turning their back on modern pills, tablets and resorting to
other conventional medicine. It seems paradoxical, but in an age of microchips and high technology, traditional
medicine, the old-fashioned cures that our grandparents relied on, is making a ___23___.
Consider these case studies:
Maude is 76 years old and has been suffering from arthritis for almost ten years. “The pain in my joints was
almost ___24___, and my doctor referred me to a surgeon at the London Hospital. I was told that I needed ___25___,
but would need to wait for at least two years before I could have the operation. In ___26___, I started having massage
sessions. To my surprise, these were very therapeutic, and while they didn’t cure the disorder, they did ___27___ it to s
ome extent”.
Ron is 46. His high-powered city job was ___28___ for a series of stress-related illnesses, and the drugs he
took didn’t work well on the nervous strain. “I read about ___29___ which involve the whole person rather than the
individual symptoms, but I had always doubted about such kind of medicine for all diseases. However, my friend
___30___ a dietician who told me that part of my problem was diet-related. Basically, the food I was eating was
___31___ to my disorder. She gave me a list of foods that would provide the right vitamins and minerals to keep me
in good health. At the same time, she advocated a more ___32___ lifestyle-running, swimming, that kind of thing.
I’ m a bit of a couch potato, and this kind of lifestyle I had lived was ___33___ the problem. Now I feel great!”
So is there still a place in our lives for modern medicine? While it is true that some infections and viruses maybe ___34___ by turning to traditional medicine, more serious illnesses such as cancer need more extreme measures.
We do need our health service at these times, and we shouldn’t stop ___35___ in its future. But we mustn’t forget
that for some common illnesses, the cure may lie in the past.
21. A. support B. restrictions C. cutbacks D. concern
22. A. programs B. alternatives C. measures D. scales
23. A. comeback B. living C. change D. mess
24. A. unique B. uncertain C. universal D. unbearable
25. A. permission B. surgery C. supervision D. strength
26. A. condition B. desperation C. general D. particular
27. A. protect B. recover C. relieve D. treat
28. A. eager B. grateful C. famous D. responsible
29. A. treatments B. sources C. spirits D. comments
30. A. supervised B. declared C. recommended D. tempted
31. A. contributing B. adapting C. subjecting D. objecting
32. A. moderate B. active C. negative D. suitable
33. A. identifying B. investigating C. estimating D. worsening
34. A. prevented B. empowered C. indicated D. restored
35. A. undertaking B. invading C. investing D. evolving
（2023年6月·上海真题）
Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught
that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. (41)______,
patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now
that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether
doctors' apparent (42) _____ when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the
information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are (43) ______ black or
white.
Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients' expectations haven't
(44) ______, either.
“Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross
Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what
it does, it’s about (45) ______ uncertainty, not about creating certainty. ”
Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be (46) ______ working in a field in which they’re
constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students howto diagnose an ailment( 小 恙 ), he tells them to (47) ______ their inquiry ---- come up with a list of
possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is
firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best (48) ______ and what the outcomes will be in t he
long run.”
Technology has helped (49) ______ the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list
of symptoms into a computer and get a more (50) ______ diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein,
a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a/an (51) ______ and an
opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an (52) ______ level of certainty. Do this test
to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease. ”
On the other hand, computers can’t (53) ______ a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way.
Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender,
a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also
(54) ______ quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What
it can’t do, (55) ______, is decide how to break the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance
of becoming a cancer.
41. A.On the hand B. Afterwords C. As a result D.Above all
42.A. victim B. instance C. transparency D. certainty
43.A. frequently B. generally C.rarely D. mainly
44.A. adored B.transformed C.faded D.adjusted
45.A. limiting B. hitting C.threatening D. assembling
46. A. compared with B. accounted for C. accustomed to D.annoyed at
47.A.cover B.train C.clarify D.broaden
48.A. identify B. cure C.defend D.cause
49.A. enlighten B.redefine C.commit D.guarantee
50. A. accurate B.plain C.serious D.remedial
51.A. challenge B. encounter C.conversation D.dispute
52.A. dangerous B. maximal C.unfavorable D.contrasting
53. A.stuff B.hint C.communicate D. indicate
54.A. conclude B. understand C.assume D. calculate
55. A.however B. therefore C. moreover D.hence
