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微信公众号：晓艳工作室 金榜时代·传递良知，让人生更美好
2024 年 12 月考季
六级保命班讲义
直播时间：2024 年 11 月 24 日
注：本课程有回放
主讲：刘晓艳
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六级时间分配
试卷结构 测试内容 测试题型 题目数量 分值比例 考试时间
写作 写作 短文写作 1 15% 30分钟
长对话 8 8%
听力理解 听力篇章 选择题（单选） 7 7% 30分钟
讲话/报道/讲座 10 20%
词汇理解 选词填空 10 5%
阅读理解 长篇阅读 匹配 10 10% 40分钟
仔细阅读 选择题（单选） 10 20%
翻译 汉译英 段落翻译 1 15% 30分钟
合计 57 100% 130分钟
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01 写作
·2024年6月 自主学习/社会实践和理论知识一样重要/数字素养技能的重要性
·2023年12月 给孩子更多空间/学习基础知识的重要性/老年人的贡献
·2023年6月 创新/心理健康的重要性
·2021年5月
六级写作常见题型：论说文（图画 图表 谚语警句 个人观点）
写作翻译的保底原则：
翻译单词正确
1.用该单词的上位词来代替该单词；
商业大都市
保护文化遗产
扇子作为艺术品供人们欣赏
画家和书法家
竹子象征着正直的品格
2.用我们会的单词把这个单词的意思解释出来
京杭大运河
中国盛产竹子
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荷花迎骄阳而不惧，出淤泥而不染
方言
扇子已经不是消暑纳凉的工具
3.区分大小词
书中讲述了贾宝玉和林黛玉悲催的爱情故事；
卢沟桥由281根柱子支撑
这些石狮是卢沟桥石刻艺术的精品
采取什么样的养老模式
赵州桥的主体结构完整无损
翻译评分标准
本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。
13-15分：译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个
别小错。
10-12分：译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。
写作翻译高分原则
句子的分类
结构上分为 简单句 并列句 复合句
语序上分为 倒装和正常语序
语态上分为 主动和被动
一、被动
越来越多的人认为实践能力很重要。
practicalabilityisclaimedtobecrucialbyanincreasingnumberofteenagersandyoungsters.
人们普遍认为上网在年轻人中已经成为一种流行趋势。
Surfingtheinternetisarguedtobeapopulartrendamong youngpeople.
卢沟桥不仅以其美学特征闻名于世，还被公认为是石桥建筑史上的一座丰碑。
LugouBridgeisnotonlyfamousforitsaestheticfeatures，butalsoisrecognizedasamonumentin
thehistoryofstonebridgearchitecture.
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低配版：Lugou Bridge is not only famous for its beauty，but also is thought as a symbol in the
historyofstonebridges.
青藏高原(theQinghai-TibetPlateau)位于中国西南部，被称为“世界屋脊”.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is situated in the southwest of China and it is called the “roof of the
world”.
低配版：TheQinghai-Tibet Plateauis in thesouthwest of China anditisregarded as the highest
placeintheworld.
二、非谓语动词
我是一个大学生，每天都浏览各种网页和打游戏。
Iamacollegestudent,ibrowsedifferentappsandplayinggameseveryday.
Iamacollegestudent,browsingdifferentappsandplayinggameseveryday.
扇子常作为礼物赠与他人，表达美好的祝福和真挚的情感。
Fansareoftengiventoothersasgiftstoexpressgoodwishesandsincerefeelings.
青藏高原是亚洲许多著名河流的源头，是中国和东南亚的主要淡水供应源.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the source of many famous rivers in Asia ,being the main source of
freshwatersupplyinChinaandSoutheastAsia.
低配版： The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the start of many famous rivers in Asia ,being the main
sourceoffreshwatersupplyinChinaandSoutheastAsia.
中国盛产竹子，是最早的开发利用竹资源的国家。
Chinaisrichinbamboo,beingthefirstcountrytodevelopandutilizebambooresources.
低配版：thereismuchbambooinChina ,beingtheearlistcountrytousebamboo.
徐霞客把自己的见闻和考察结果详编记录下来，为后人留下了珍贵的考察资料。
Herecordedhisobservationsandresearchresultsindetail,leavingvaluableinformationforfuture
generations.
低配版：hewrotedownallhecouldseeandobserve,leavingimportantmaterialsforus.
三、并列句
常见的逻辑关系词
1. 表示原因
because，as,since,inthat
becauseof=beresponsiblefor=dueto=owingto=thanksto
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2. 表示结果
so=hence=therefore=thereby=thus=consequently=inconsequence=asaresult∕consequence
3. 表示并列
andlikewise=similarly =equally=simultaneously=atthesametime=inthemeanwhile
4. 表示转折
but, by contrast = conversely = alternatively = on the contrary = on the other hand = otherwise =
while=whereas
5. 表示递进
besides =also =in addition = moreover= furthermore = apart ∕ aside from this to put it another
way =inotherwords
6. 表示引出新对象
About=concerning=regarding=withregardto=asfor∕to=inrespectof 关于
①
intermsof 就……而论，在……方面
②
whenitcomesto… 当提到……时
③
7.表示总结
Onthewhole=allinall=overall=inconclusion∕summary∕general=generally （speaking）
①
=asawhole=mainly=substantially=tosumup=conclude=cometotheconclusion 总的来说
inshort∕brief=inaword 简而言之
②
inanycase=atanyrate=anyway 总之，无论如何
③
国人爱竹，自古以来就有无数文人以竹为主题，创作了无数绚烂多彩的文学和绘画作品。
Chinese people love bamboo. As a consequence，since ancient times, countless scholars have
createdcountlesscolorfulliteratureandpaintingworkswithbambooasthetheme.
低配版：Chinesepeoplelovebamboo.Asaconsequence，sinceancienttimes,manywritershave
createdcolorfularticlesandpaintingswithbamboo.
扇子自古以来就受到中国人的喜爱，但是现在已经不是消暑纳凉的工具，而更多的是作为艺
术品供人们欣赏。
Fans have been loved by Chinese people since ancient times.On the contrary, now they are no
longertoolstocooldownthesummer,butmoreasworksofartforpeopletoappreciate.
低配版：Fans have been loved by Chinese people since ancient times.Onthe contrary, now they
arenolongertoolstomakeuscoolinsummer,butmoreasakindofartforpeopletoappreciate.
竹子具有强大的生命力和适应能力，无论环境多么恶劣，都能顽强生存。
Bamboo has a strong vitality and adaptability. Thus, no matter how harsh the environment, can
survive.
低配版：Bamboocanliveforalongtimeandcanalsoadapttoanyenvironment.Thus,nomatter
howterribletheenvironmentis,itcanstillsurvive.
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四、复合句
1. 主语从句
学习的动机比学习本身更重要是显而易见的。
Itisbeyonddisputethatthemotivationoflearningismoreimportantthanlearningitself.
主语从句
（1） Itis…that
Itiscommonknowledgethat...……
①
Itismybeliefthat...
②
Itisself-evidentthat...……
③
Ithasbeenfoundthat...
④
Itisbeyonddisputethat...……
⑤
Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat...
⑥
Ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthat...
⑦
Itisgenerallyagreedthat...
⑧
我认为社会实践和书本知识同样重要。
itismyperspectivethatsocialpracticeisasimportantasknowledgeinbooks.
显而易见盲目追星会影响到年轻人的身心健康。
It is widely accepted that worshipping stars blindly would exert great influence on the physical
andmentalhealthofyoungsters.
2. 定语和定语从句
Ilovethiskindgirl.
Ilovethegirlofkindness.
Ilovethegirlaskindasanangel.
Ilovethegirlbeingaskindasanangel.
Ilovethegirlwhokeepssokind.
我是一个美女，喜欢读书和运动。
Iamabeauty,andenjoyreadinganddoingsports.
Iamabeauty,enjoyingreadinganddoingsports.
Iamabeauty,whoenjoysreadinganddoingsports.
竹子实用性强，用于生产和生活的很多方面，比如筷子，桌椅的制作和桥梁房屋的建造。
Bamboo is highly practical ， which is used in many aspects of production and life, such as
chopsticks,themakingoftablesandchairs,andtheconstructionofbridgesandhouses.
低配版：Bamboo is quite useful ，which is used in many aspects of our life, such as making
chopsticks, tables ，chairs,bridgesandhouses.
徐霞客是中国明代的著名地理学家，他花费了三十多年的时间游遍了大半个中国。
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Xu Xiake was a famous geographer in the Ming Dynasty of China, who spent more than thirty
yearstravelingthroughmostofChina.
大运河（GrandCanal）是世界上最长的人工河，北起北京，南至杭州。它是中国历史上最
宏伟的工程之一
The Grand Canal is the longest man-made river in the world, from Beijing in the north to
Hangzhouinthesouth，whichisoneofthegrandestprojectsinChinesehistory.
低配版：The Grand Canal is the longest river built by men in the world, from Beijing to
Hangzhou ，whichisoneofthegreatestprojectsinChinesehistory.
3. 状语和状语从句
1)Iamlisteningtotheteacher
2)Keepingpetscancultivatethekindnessofchildren
althoughtheysometimesbringmuchtroublefortheirowners.
orbecausetakingcareofthoselittleanimalsneedspatienceandcare.
orwhenthereexistsonlyachildinonefamily.
orbytakingashowerortalkingwiththoselittleanimals.
4. 两大经典句型：
（1) 强调句型 Itis...that...
很多的因素可以解释我的观点。
Quiteafewgroundscould accountformyargument.
就是基础知识培养了我们解决问题的能力。
Itisthebasicknowledgethatdevelopsourabilitytosolveproblems.
良好的心态能让我们在这个竞争的社会中更平和地生活。
Agoodattitudecanhelpusliveamorepeacefullifeinthiscompetitivesociety.
（2）倒装
否定词位于句首时
①
我从来没有这样开心过
ihaveneverbeensohappy.
NeverhaveIbeensohappy.
在任何情况下我们绝不能忽略...的重要性/严重性；
wecanignorethegravity/severityofsthUndernocircumstances.
Undernocircumstancescanweignorethegravity/severityofsth
含有so…that…结构的句子，将so引导的部分位于句首时
②
这个问题是如此重要以至于我们要给与足够的重视。
Theissueissograve/severethatwehavetopourattentionintoit.
Sograve/severeistheissuethatwehavetopourattentionintoit.
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only引出的状语位于句首时
③
只有以这种方式，我们才能解决这个问题。
Onlyinthiswaycanwerelievethecurrentsituation.
只有拼劲努力，我们才知道自己是不是一匹黑马。
Onlybyworkinghardcanweknowwhetherwearedarkhorses.
5.句子的改写和扩写
我绝不嫁给你。
①
Iwillnevermarryyou.(初二水平）
YouarethemanwhoIwillnevermarry.（定语从句）
NeverwillImarryyou.（倒装）
ItisbeyonddiputethatIwillnevermarryyou.
ItisyouthatIwillnevermarry.
IfImarryyou，thesunwillriseinthewest.
读书很重要
②
Readingbooksisimportant.
Readingbooksisbelievedtobeessential.
Itiswidelyacceptedthatreadingbooksisvital.
ItiswiththerapiddevelopmentofChineseeconomythatreadingbooksIssignificant.
Soimportantisreadingbooksthatmoretimeshouldbesparedtoappreciatemasterpieces.
句子扩写：
IloveDayan.
Sinceisawherforthefirsttime,IhaveloveddayanwhoisthemostgracefulandelegantEnglish
teacher.
自主学习才能让自己真正变得强大
Independent learning ，which has become a hot topic among students, is what makes you really
strongbecauseitmakesyoubecomeactiveaswellashard-working.
社会实践能让我们更快的了解这个社会。
Socialpracticewhichisignoredbynumerouscollegestudentsenablesustounderstandthesociety
morequicklybecauseyou havetogetonwithdifferentpeople.
五、文章
议论文
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation
andmethodsinlearning.Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.Youshouldwriteatleast
150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
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There exists, among teenagers and youngsters, a hot debate on the importance of motivation
andmethodsinlearning.Frommyperspective,itismotivationandmethodsthatprovetobemore
crucialthanstudyitself.
Quite a few factors, as a matter of fact, could account for my opinion. the primary factor is
that motivation can make us brave in front of difficulties. If we desire to complete heavy tasks
smoothly, it is motivation that would make us be confronted with troubles without fear. One of
Chinese famous scientists, Tuyouyou, is a good case in point. Before she became the top man
known to all, she had failed thousands of times. Without motivation,she might got nothing.
Besides, proper methods are also crucial because right ways enable you to attain what you want
rapidlyandeffectively.Themoreefficientlyyoustudy,thegreatersuccessyouwillachieve.
In a word, motivation and methods play a vital role in the study of youngsters. So parents
shouldeducatetheirkidsto studywitharightmethodandmotivation.Asauniversitystudent,we
shouldexplore moreeffectiveways tolearn.Only in suchways ofthinkingcanourwork bedone
rapidlyandcomfortably.
【2021 年 6 月】
Itisbeyonddiputein thechart thattheshare ofurbanpopulation,from1980 to 2019,soared
from 19.39percent to 60.6percent sharply. its implication is quite obvious: Chinese economy is
developingataratenobodycanignore.
It is quite a few causes that could account for my argument. First and foremost, migrant
workerswhowereborninthecontryside tendtofindmorejob
opporunities in cities such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen, making their chilren enjoy better
education there. In addition, Thanks to the refrom and opening policy, there are an increasing
number of companies and plants which need more skilled workers to produce more favorable
products for consumers. last but not least, it is the government that plays a key role in
urbanization. lawsand regulations to ensurethe benefit of farmers have been made .as a result,
theycantrusttheiremployersandworkforthemwithoutanyworry.
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Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wecansafelydrawtheconclusionthat therewillbe
more farmers flooding into cities , becoming one of the city dwellers. on one hand, they must not
bediscrimatedbyurbancitizens.ontheotherhand,weshouldnotignorethenegativeimpactofit
such as traffic jams, pollution and the pressure of social security. only in this way can we lead a
harmonouslifetogether.
【2020 年 9 月】
Directions：For thispart，you areallowed 30minutestowritean essayon thesayingWealth
ofthemind istheonlytruewealth.You should writeat least 150wordsbut nomorethan
200words.
When it comes to wealth, ideas may differ among men and women in all walks. From my
perspective,Isupporttheargumentthatitiswealthofthemindthatkeepstheonlytruewealth.
Althoughnumerous casesareavailablefor thisargument,thefollowingoneaboutmy teacherLiu
is the most suitable. She was born in a poor family with three siblings. Furthermore, she, years
later, failed to realize her dream to attend an esteemed university even though she studied hard
during her senior high school. Under such situations, she has never given herself up, being
convinced that “from the gutter, we can still look up at the stars.” And what she agreed is that
povertyisneverscaring; Itisthrough years of endeavorsthatherdream cametrue. Sothestory
vividlytellsusthatwealthofmindsismoreessentiallyvaluedthanfunds.
To conclude, it is high time for teenagers and youngsters to pursue mental richness because
thereisnoboundaryaboutthewealthofmoney. kidscouldbeencouragedtoreadmorebooksto
broaden their horizons from their early age.Only by thinking like this can we become more
optimisticandleadaharmoniouslife.
第一段：引出主题的句子：
Recentlytheissue/problemof…hasbeeninthelimelight （处于关注的中心）/broughtinto
①
focus/broughttopublicattentiveconcern
Recently,withthedevelopment/advance/progressof scienceandtechnology,the phenomenon
②
of…hasarousedwideconcern.
Nowadays, it is undeniable that……has almost become the biggest concern of the present-day
③
world.
④Whatisyourideaasto…? Thereexistavarietyofpointsconcerningit.
⑤with respect to/ with regard to/ when it comes to/.....People's arguments vary from person to
person/Peoplemayhavediverseperspectivesonit.
⑥Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto…
第一段表示个人观点的表达:In my opinion/as far as I am concerned/ for my part/ from my
perspective/itkeepsmyperspectivethat
第二段分析原因的总起句:
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Themajorityofpeoplewouldagreethatsthhasitsdeeproots.
①
It is superficially a simple phenomenon, but when subjected to analysis, it has its fundamental
②
reasons.
Therestandatleasttworeasons,frommyperspective,forthepresentphenomenon.
③
Asweknow,recognizingaproblemisthefirststepinfindingasolution.
④
Thereexistnumerouselementsbeingresponsiblefortheissue.
⑤
Thereasonforthisisnotfartoseek.
⑥
第二段无话可说怎么办？
1. 举例
为什么培养孩子迎接挑战的能力？
Althoughnumerous casesareavailableforthisargument,thefollowingoneaboutmyteacherliuis
the most suitable. She was born in a poor family with three siblings. Furthermore, she, years later,
failed to realize her dream to attend an esteemed university even though she studied hard during her
senior high school.Under such situations, shehas nevergiven herself up, being convinced that“from
the gutter, we can still look up at stars.” And what she believes is that poverty is never scaring; what
weshouldbeafraidisthatyourmindsareneedy.Itisthroughyearsofendeavorsthatherdreamcame
true.Sothestoryvividlytellsusthatitisnecessary thatstudentsshouldbeencouragedto developthe
abilitytomeetchallenges.
2. 因果论证
Whyshouldstudentsbeencouragedtoreadmorebooks？
If students on campus spend their spare time reading books such as world-wide masterpieces, they
will know knowledge in their life.the more knowledgable they are, the broader their horizon will
become. On the contrary, if they failed to read any books,just sitting or lying to watch short video or
playinggames,theywouldneverfindfavorablejobsaftergraduation.
为什么要注重身体健康？
If teenagers and youngsters could take some time exercising in their spare time, they will become
healthy .with good heath, they can make great contribution to the development of Chinese economy.
By contrast,ifthe youngandthe old failto payattention to theimporance offitness, theymight have
manyphysicalandmentalheathsuchasobesityaswellasmentaldisorder.
为什么要参加社会实践？
If college students really understand the importance of social practice and are willing to parcipate in
suchactivities,theycangetmuchworkexperience.Withalotofexperience,itwillbeeasyforthem
to find jobs after graduation. Nevertheless, if they just stayed on campus without any action, it might
beincredible forthemtofindtheirsuitablejobsinthefuture.
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第三段总结措施段:
第一句：表示总结的逻辑关系词+ 总结句
第三段首句一定是表示总结性的词:
Onthewhole=allinall=overall=inconclusion∕summary∕general=generally （speaking）
①
=asawhole=mainly=substantially=tosumup=conclude=cometotheconclusion 总的来说
inshort∕brief=inaword 简而言之
②
把文章中心再说一遍；
推荐：
1.undernocircumstancescanweignoretheimportance/severityofsth.
2.whatcouldbedonetopromotesth/tobansth?
3.socrucial/graveissththatenoughattentionshouldhavepaidtotheissuerecently.
第二三句话 措施 我们/政府/家长/学校
举例：Students,fromtheirearlyage,couldbeeducatedtocultivatetheawarenessthat.....
itishightimefortheyoungtodosth.
itisurgentthatcolleges/parents/weshoulddosth.
collegestudentscannotfailtodosth.
最后一句：结尾句
Onlybytakingcertainstepscanpeoplemakefulluseof____
①
Soshouldn’thumanbeingspaymuchattentiontothemeaningfulsaying/problem?
②
Soundernoaccountcouldpeopledivertattentionfromsth.
③
④Themoreactivelypeoplefacetheproblem,themorehappilytheywillleadtheirlife.
⑤Itishightimethatthesubjectabout____becameafocusamongyoungsters.
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02 翻译
翻译概述
翻译内容：中国历史、文化、经济、社会
文章长度
六级180～200words
30words 15分
翻译步骤
以意群为单位读句子， 确定句子的时态和语态
①
确定句子的主干，非主干部分用定语或状语来翻译
②
每句话翻译完之后都要看该句话和下句话的逻辑关系，加逻辑关系词
③
【2021 年12月】
井冈山地处湖南江西两省交界处，因其辉煌的革命历史被誉为“中国革命红色摇篮”
高配版：Jinggangshan,located at the junction of Hunanand Jiangxiprovinces, isknown as “the
redcradleofChineserevolution”becauseofitsgloriousrevolutionaryhistory.
低配版：jinggangshan is between Hunan and Jiangxi provinces,which is named “the origin of
achineserevolution”becauseofitsglowinghistory.
1927年10月，毛泽东、朱德等老一辈革命家率领中国工农红军来到这里．开展了艰苦卓绝
的斗争，创建了第一个农村革命根据地，点燃了中国革命的星星之火，开辟了“农村包围
（besiege）城市，武装夺取政权”这一具有中国特色的革命道路，中国革命从这里迈向胜利。
In October 1927, Mao Zedong, Zhu De and other revolutionaries of the older generation led the
Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants here to carry out arduous struggle, create the first
rural revolutionary base area, ignite the spark of the Chinese revolution, and open up the
revolutionary road with Chinese characteristics of “besieging the city from the countryside and
seizing the state power by armed force”, from which the Chinese revolution marched towards
victory.
1927年10月，毛泽东、朱德等老一辈革命家率领中国工农红军来到这里．开展了艰苦卓绝
的斗争，创建了第一个农村革命根据地，点燃了中国革命的星星之火，开辟了“农村包围
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（besiege）城市，武装夺取政权”这一具有中国特色的革命道路，中国革命从这里迈向胜利。
In1927,ChinesearmiesledbyrevolutionaryheroesincludingMaozedong，Zhudecamehere.then
theybeganpainfulbattles,initiatedthefirstrevolutionaryplaceinthecountryside,ignitedthefire
of Chinese revolution and started the road of “ villages besieging cities, power seized by
weapons.”
Asaresult,Chineserevolutionwalkedtowardsvictoryfromhere.
井冈山现有100多处革命旧址，成为一个“没有围墙的革命历史博物馆”，是爱国主义和革命
传统教育的重要基地。
高 配 版 ： With over 100 revolutionary sites, Jinggangshan has become “the museum of
revolutionary history without walls” and an important base for patriotism and education in
revolutionarytraditions.
低配版：There are more than 100 revolutionary sites in Jianggangshan, which has become a
“ historal museum without walls” and is an important place for traditional education about
revolution.
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03 阅读理解
传统阅读（仔细阅读）
【2024年6月三套 Text2】
The “American Dream” promises that in the Land of Opportunity, any individual can climb
the economic ladder and prosper through hard work and ambition alone. And yet, young
Americans today are struggling to earn more than their parents did at the same age, and upward
mobilityintheUSactuallycomparesunfavourablytothatofotherindustrialisednations.
So why does the idea of the American Dream persist? A new study in the American Journal
ofPoliticalScienceidentifiesonefactorthathasbeenoverlooked:theinfluenceofrealityTV.
Reality shows have come to dominate US television over the past 20 years, notes Eunji Kim
from Vanderbilt University. And the overwhelming majority of these have
a“rags-to-riches”storyline: they feature ordinary Americans who work hard to achieve great
economic success. And while these programmes are regularly among the most-watched shows,
newsbroadcasts—whichpaintamorerealisticviewoftheeconomichardshipfacedbymillionsof
Americans—getamuchsmallerproportionoftheviewership.
Rags-to-riches stories are ubiquitous(无处不在的) on TV—but does watching these
programmes actually convince people that economic mobility is easily attainable? To find out,
Kim’s team had participants watch a 5-minute clip from a reality show with a rags-to-riches
storyline. Control participantswatched a clip from a reality show thatdidn’thave a rags-to-riches
story. After watching the shows, participants rated how much they agreed with four statements
relatingtotheAmericanDream.
The results showed that those who'd watched a rags-to-riches clip did indeed have a
significantly greater belief in the American Dream. Interestingly, when participants were
separated by party affiliation, this effect was significant among Republicans but not Democrats,
suggesting that the kind of messages implicit in these TV shows may play into people’s existing
socioeconomicbeliefs.
Kimalsoconductedasurveyof3，000USresidents.Theyalsoratedtheextenttowhichthey
believedsuccessinlifeisrelatedtovariousinternalfactors(suchasambition)andexternalfactors
(such as family wealth). Finally, they read a list of TV programmes and indicated which they
regularlywatched.
Participantswhowereheavyviewersofrags-to-richesprogrammesorfrequentviewershada
strongerbeliefintheAmericanDreamthanthosewhoneverwatchedsuchshows.
Kim concludes that “rags-to-riches entertainment media are an important cultural force that
promotes and perpetuates beliefs in upward mobility”. And here's the problem: if people
mistakenly believe that hard work is all that is needed for individuals to make a better life for
themselves,theymaybelesssupportiveofpoliciesthatcouldactuallycombatinequality.
“Inthiseraofchoice,entertainmentmediaarewhatcapturesheartsandminds，”Kimwrites.
“Itspoliticalconsequencesareanythingbuttrivial”．
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46.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutyoungAmericansoftoday?
A)Theyhavegreaterambitionsthantheirparents.
B)Theyfinditdifficulttoachieveupwardmobility.
C)Theyhaveovertakentheirparentsintermsofearnings.
D)Theyenvytheopportunitiesinotherindustrialisednations.
47.WhatdoesKim'steamfindaboutrealityTVshowsinAmerica?
A)Theyreinterprettheessenceofthepopularrags-to-richesculture.
B)Theyurgepeopletoachieveeconomicsuccessthroughhardwork.
C)Theyhelpstrengthenpeople’sconvictionintheAmericanDream.
D)TheyfeatureordinaryAmericansstrivingforsocialrecognition.
48.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutnewsbroadcastsinAmerica?
A)TheyattractfarfewerviewersthanrealityTV.
B)Theyarebentonreportingthedarksideoflife.
C)TheystandinstrikingcontrastwithrealityTV.
D)TheyfocusonAmericans’economichardships.
49.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutRepublicansingeneral?
A)TheybelievestronglyintheAmericanDream.
B)Theystrivetoclimbthesocio-economicladder.
C)Theyhaveaverystrongaffiliationwiththeirparty.
D)Theytendtowatchmorerags-to-richesTVshows.
50.Whatisstatedaboutpeoplewhobelieveinupwardmobility?
A)Theyarelikelytoblamethegovernmentfortheirplight.
B)Theyregardpoliticalconsequencesasanythingbuttrivial.
C)Theyrespectindividualsstrivingtoclimbthesocialladder.
D)Theyarelesslikelytoapproveofpoliciestofightinequality.
【2024年6月第二套Text1】
It is irrefutable that employees know the difference between right and wrong. So why don’t
moreemployeesintervenewhentheyseesomeoneexhibitingat-riskbehaviorintheworkplace?
There are a number of factors that influence whether people intervene. First, they need to be
able to see a risky situation beginning to unfold. Second, the company’s culture needs to make
them feel safe to speak up. And third, they need to have the communication skills to say
somethingeffectively.
This is not strictly a workplace problem; it's a growing problem off the job too. Every day
people witness things on the street and choose to stand idly by. This is known as the bystander
effect—the more people who witness an event, the less likely anyone in that group is to help the
victim. The psychology behind this is called diffusion of responsibility. Basically, the larger the
crowd,themorepeopleassumethatsomeoneelsewilltakecareofit—meaningnooneeffectively
intervenesoractsinamomentofneed.
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This crowd mentality is strong enough for people to evade their known responsibilities. But
it's not only frontline workers who don't make safety interventions in the workplace. There are
alsoinstanceswheresupervisorsdonotinterveneeither.
When agroup of employees sees unsafebehavior not beingaddressed at aleadership level it
createstheprecedentthatthisishowthesesituationsshouldbeaddressed,thusdefiningthesafety
cultureforeveryone.
Despite the fact that workers are encouraged to intervene when they observe unsafe
operations, this happens less than half of the time. Fear is the ultimate factor in not intervening.
There isa fear of penalty, a fear thatthey'll have to domore work if they intervene.Unsuccessful
attempts in the past are another strong contributing factor to why people don’t intervene—they
tendtoprefertodeferthatactiontosomeoneelseforallfuturesituations.
On many worksites, competent workers must be appointed. Part of their job is to intervene
when workers perform a task without the proper equipment or if the conditions are unsafe.
Competentworkersarealsorequiredtostopworkfromcontinuingwhenthere’sadanger.
Supervisors also play a critical role. Even if a competent person isn’t required, supervisors
need a broad set of skills to not only identify and alleviate workplace hazards but also build a
safetyclimatewithintheirteamthatsupportsinterveningandopencommunicationamongthem.
Beyond competent workers and supervisors, it’s important to educate everyone within the
organization that they are obliged to intervene if they witness a possible unsafe act, whether
you’readesignatedcompetentperson,asupervisororafrontlineworker.
46.Whatisoneofthefactorscontributingtofailureofinterventioninfaceofriskybehavior
intheworkplace?
A)Slacksupervisionstyle. C)Unforeseeablerisk.
B)Unfavorableworkplaceculture. D)Blockcommunication.
47.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“diffusionofresponsibility”(Line4,Para.3)?
A)Themorepeoplearearound,themoretheyneedtoworryabouttheirpersonalsafety.
B)Themorepeoplewhowitnessanevent,thelesslikelyanyonewillventuretoparticipate.
C)Themorepeopleidlingaroundonthestreet,themorelikelytheyneedtakingcareof.
D)Themorepeoplearearound,thelesschancesomeonewillstepforwardtointervene.
48.Whathappenswhenunsafebehaviorattheworkplaceisnotaddressedbytheleaders?
A)Noonewillintervenewhentheyseesimilarbehaviors.
B)Everyonewillseeitastheeasiestwaytodealwithcrisis.
C)Workershavetotakeextracautionexecutingtheirduties.
D)Workersarelefttotakecareoftheemergencythemselves.
49.Whatistheultimatereasonworkerswon’tactwhentheyseeunsafeoperations?
A)Preferenceofdeferringtheactiontoothers.
B)Anticipationofleadershipintervention.
C)Fearofbeingisolatedbycoworkers.
D)Fearofhavingtodomorework.
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50.Whatiscriticaltoensuringworkplacesafety?
A)Workersbetrainedtooperatetheirequipmentproperly.
B)Workersexhibitingat-riskbehaviorbestrictlydisciplined.
C)Supervisorscreateasafetyenvironmentfortimelyintervention.
D)Supervisorsconducteffectivecommunicationwithfrontlineworkers.
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03 阅读理解
长篇阅读
【2023 年6月六级第二套】
Theproblemwithbeingperfect
36.Socially prescribed perfectionism is described as one's self-esteem
depending on other people'sopinion.
E)Curran describes socially prescribed perfectionism as "My self-esteem is
contingent on what otherpeoplethink."Hisstudydidn'texaminethecausalreasonsforits
rise,butheassumesthattheriseofbothstandardizedtestingandsocialmediamightplayarole.
Thesedays,Linkedlnalertsuswhenourrivalgetsanewjob,andInstagramcanletusknowhow
well"liked"ourlivesarecomparedwithafriend's.Inanopinionpieceearlierthisyear,Curran
andHillarguethatsocietyhasalsobecomemoredog-eat-dog."Overthelast50years,public
interestandcivicresponsibilityhavebeenprogressivelyeroded,"theywrite,"replacedby a
focus on self-interest and competition in a supposedly free andopen
marketplace.”
37.JessicaPryorhas learnedthat some graduate studentswork such longhours inthe
labthattheyhavelittle time for entertainment or socializing.
A)When psychologist Jessica Pryor lived near an internationally renowned university, she once
sawa studentwalkingintoalibraryholdingasleepingbagandacoffeemaker.Shehasheardof
graduate students spending 12 to 18 hours at a time in the lab. Their
schedules are meant to be literally punishing:Iftheyarescientists-in-training,theywon't
allow themselves to watch Netflix until their experiments start generating results. “Relationships
become estranged (疏远的)—people stop inviting them to social gatherings or dinner parties,
whichleadsthemtospendevenmoretimeinthelab,"Pryortoldme.
38.The author believes perfectionism may sometimes be constructive.
F)Perfectionism can, of course, be a positive force. Think of
professional athletes, who train aggressively for ever-higher levels of
competition. In well-adjusted perfectionism, someone whodoesn'tgetthegoldisableto
forget the setback and move on. In maladaptive(不当的)perfectionism, meanwhile, people
make an archive of all their failures. They revisit these archives constantly,
thinking,as Pryor puts it,"I need to make myself feel terrible so I don't do this
again."Then they double down,"raising the expectation bar even higher, which
increases the likelihood of defeat, which makes you self-critical, so you raise the bar
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higher,workevenharder,"shesay
39. It is found that perfectionism is getting more and more prevalent among college
students.
C)What's more, perfectionism seems to be on the rise. In a study of thousands of American,
Canadian, and British college students published earlier this year, Thomas Curran of the
University of Bath and Andrew Hill of York St. John University found that today's college
students report higher levels of perfectionism than college students did during the 1990s or early
2000s. They measured three types of perfectionism; self-oriented, or a desire to be perfect;
socially prescribed, or a desire to live up to others' expectations; and other-oriented, or
holding others to unrealistic standards. From 1989 to2016, theyfound,self-oriented
perfectionism scores increased by 10 percent, socially prescribed scores rose by 33 percent, and
other-orientedperfectionismincreasedby16percent.
40.Some experts suggest parents and educators should prepare students for
failures.
H)While educators and parents have successfully convinced students of the need to be high
performing and diligent, the experts told me, they haven't adequately prepared
them for the inevitability of failure. Instead of praises like"You're so smart," parents and
educators should say things like“You really stuck with it,”Pryor says, to emphasize the value of
perseverance over intrinsic talent. Pryor notes that many of her clients are wary she'll"turn them
into some degenerate couch potato and teach them to be okay with it."Instead, she tries to help
themthinkthroughthepartsoftheirperfectionismthey'dliketokeep,andtolosethepartsthatare
ruiningtheirlives.
41. Sometherapistswarnthatyoung adultstendtopursueperfection intheirwork.
B)Along with other therapists, Pryor, who is now with the Family Institute at Northwestern
University, is trying to sound the alarm about a tendency among young adults and college
studentstostriveforperfectionintheirwork—sometimesatanycost.Thoughitisoftenportrayed
asapositivetrait,Pryorandotherssayextremeperfectionismcanleadtodepression,anxiety,and
evensuicide.
42. Psychologist Amy Bach encourages her students to aim high but be content with
something lessthanperfect.
I ) Bach, who sees many students from Brown University, says some of them
don't even go out on weekends, let aloneweekdays. She tells them,"Aim high, but get
comfortable with good enough." When they don't get some award, she encourages them to
remember that "one outcome is not a basis for a broad conclusion about the person's intelligence,
qualifications,orpotentialforthefuture."
43.A clinical psychologist finds perfectionism is widespread among his clients.
E)........Westriveforperfection,itseems,becausewefeelwemustinordertogetahead.Michael
Brustein,aclinicalpsychologistinManhattan,sayswhenhefirstbeganpracticingin2007,hewas
surprised by how prevalent perfectionism was among his clients, despite how little his graduate
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training hadfocused onthephenomenon. Heseesperfectionism in,among others,clients whoare
entrepreneurs, artists, and tech employees."You're in New York because you're ambitious, you
havethisneedtostrive,"hesays."Butthenyourwholeidentitygetswrappedintoagoal."
44.In trying to overcome perfectionism, some people are still pursuing
perfection.
K)Brusteinlikestogethisperfectionistclientstocreatevaluesthatareimportanttothem,thentry
to shift theirfocus to living according to those values rather than achieving specific goals. It's a
play on the "You really stuck with it" message for kids. In other words, it
isn't about doing a headstand inyogaclass;it'saboutgoingtoyogaclassinthefirstplace,
becauseyouliketobethekindofpersonwho takes care ofherself. But he warns that
some people go into therapy expecting too much—an instant transformation of
themselves from a pathological ( 病 态 的 ) perfectionist to a (still high- achieving)
non-perfectionist. They try to be perfect, in other words, at no longer being
perfect.
45.In pursuing perfection, some perfectionists fail to complete their tasks on
time.
G)Brusteinsayshis perfectionistclientstendtodevaluetheiraccomplishments,sothateverytime
a goal is achieved, the high lasts only a short time, like "a gas tank with a hole in it."If the boss
says you did a great job, it's because he doesn't know anything. If the audience likes your work,
that's because it's too stupid to know what good art actually is. But, therapists
say, there are also different ways perfectionism manifests. Some perfectionists
are always pushing themselves forward. But others actually fall behind on work,
unable to complete assignments unless they are, well, perfect. Or they might handicap their
performanceaheadoftime.They'retheonespartyinguntil2a.m.thenightbeforethefinal,sothat
whenthegradeCrollsin,there'sareadyexcuse.
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03 阅读理解
选词填空
【2023年6月第二套】
A)attributes I)innumerable
B)comprised J)mortality
C)conceded K)odds
D)conservation L)plights
E)diminishing M)regulatory
F)far N)still
G)inclined O)unmatchable
H)indulging
Imagine sitting down to a big dinner: a massive steak, a large portion of fried potatoes, and cake
for dessert. After eating so much, you should be too full to eat another bite. But some people
experience a powerful urge to keep eating, even after 26 in a huge meal, a behavior that
makeslittlesense,asmostadultsarewell-versedinthedangersofobesity,whichresearchershave
showncorrelateswith 27 healthissuesandisevenlinkedtoincreased 28 risk.
26 动词 Aattribute Bcomprised Cconceded Ediminishing
Ginclined Hindulging
as most adults are well-versed in the dangers of obesity, which researchers have shown correlates
with 27 healthissuesandisevenlinkedtoincreased 28 risk.
27形容词 Bcomprised Cconceded Ediminishing
Ffar Ginclined Hindulging
Iinnumerable Mregulatory Ounmatchable
28 形容词 或名词
AattributeDconservation Jmortality kodds Lplight
Butsomepeoplestillkeepeatinglongaftertheyshouldstop,aphenomenonDr.SusanThompson
calls"insatiable (永不满足的)hunger."It is characterized by two main 29 :not being satisfied
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byeating,andhavingadesiretostaysedentary(久坐不动的).
29 名词
AattributesDconservation Jmortality kodds Lplight
This is at 30 with how humans are biologically programmed. When there was a great deal of
foodavailable,ancientpeoplewouldgorgeoncalories;
30名词
AattributesDconservation Jmortality kodds Lplight
this massive calorie intake was accompanied by an urge to get active. Humans were also
programmed for something called "compensation,"which is the brain's 31 mechanism for
preventingtheaccumulationofexcessweight.
31 形容词 Bcomprised Cconceded Ediminishing
Ffar Ginclined Hindulging
Iinnumerable Mregulatory Ounmatchable
With compensation, if you eat one large meal in the morning, you are naturally 32 to eat less
fortherestoftheday.
32 形容词或动词
Bcomprised Cconceded Ediminishing
Ffar Ginclined Hindulging
Iinnumerable Mregulatory Ounmatchable
Butrecentstudiesshowthat70%ofAmericanadultshave losttheabilitytonaturallycompensate
for the calories they consume; worse 33 ,a significant number of them report 34
hunger half way through an eating session, but, by the end of the meal, they feel the same or
higherlevelsofhungerthanwhentheysatdown.
33 副词 F far Nstill
34 动词（非谓语的形式）
Aattributes Bcomprised Cconceded Ediminishing
Ginclined Hindulging
Dr. Thompson argues that the main cause of this phenomenon is the modern diet, which is 35
offoodhighinsugar,carbohydratesandcalories.
35动词的非谓语形式
Aattribute Bcomprised Cconceded
Ediminishing Ginclined Hindulging
今天你做别人不愿意做的事情，
明天你就能做到别人做不到的事情。
24
