文档内容
专题 11 形容词和副词
备考 2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--讲练
目录
一 命题解读
二 命题预测
三 主要考点
四 形容词的用法
五 副词的用法
六 形容词和副词的级别用法和变化规则
七 形容词和副词的常考句式
八 形容词和副词的变化规则及易混点
九 即时练一练【命题解读】
通过研究历年高考真题不难看出，形容词和副词是高考中的必考点。完形填空主要考察形容词和副词词义辨析；
语法填空中对代词的考查以有提示词形式呈现；短文改错中考查名词，形容词，副词之间的变化规律和级别变
化。今年更突出特定语境中的逻辑意思。
【命题预测】
预计2023年高考对形容词和副词的考查会更加灵活，以语法填空、短文改错兼顾完形填空的语篇辨析。命题
者会更加注重学生们在特定语言环境中对代词的把握。
【主要热点】
1. 形容词和副词的意思和句法功能;
2. 名词变形容词，形容词变副词的变化规律
3. 原级、比较级、最高级的使用;
4. 倍数的表达法;
5. 常见形容词、副词的惯用法。
考点一 形容词的基本用法(1)形容词作定语
一般情况下，形容词作定语时，放在被修饰词之前。
①It didn't make use of long muscles we used to throw a baseball, and it wasn't a smooth operation like ice-
skating.
它并没有利用我们投掷棒球时使用的长肌，也不像滑冰那样平稳运转。
但在下列情况下，形容词要放在被修饰词后面。
修饰some,any,every,no-和-body,thing,one等构成的复合 nobody absent, everything possible，
不定代词时 something dangerous,
以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的 the best book available,the only solution
名词之后 possible
alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep, alone等可以后置 the only person awake
和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long
and/or连接的并列形容词成对使用时要后置 a huge room simple and beautiful
形容词短语一般后置(多由“形容词＋介词短语/不定式短
a man difficult to get on with,
语”构成)a boy good at sports
(2)形容词作表语
通常情况下，在系动词之后用形容词作表语，系动词有以下几种：
状态系动词：be(is/am/are/was/were)
变化系动词：become, get, turn, grow, go, come, fall
持续系动词：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand
感官系动词：look, smell, taste, feel, sound
终止系动词：prove, turn out
表象系动词：seem, appear
⑨The boy fell ill last night.
昨晚那个男孩病倒了。
⑩Our country becomes stronger and stronger.
我们国家变得越来越强大。
(3)形容词作宾补
形容词作宾语补足语时，可以表示宾语的性质、状态，也可以表示某一动作的结果。
Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.
请保持教室干净、整洁。
⑪
Who left the door open?
谁没有关门？
⑫
I think it very interesting.
我认为它很有趣。
⑬
(4)形容词作状语
形容词用作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。这类结构通常可用
从句或并列句来改写。
He returned from war, safe and sound.
他安然无恙地从战争中归来。
⑭
He came over, eager to help.
→He came over and (he) was eager to help.
⑮
他走过来，急于想帮忙。
[注意] of＋抽象名词＝抽象名词对应的形容词，如of importance＝important。
考点二 副词的基本语法功能(1)副词作状语
副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者修饰整个句子。
①His speech directly affected the strike.(修饰动词)
他的演讲直接影响了罢工。
②He is very diligent.(修饰形容词)
他非常勤奋。
③You can find books on that subject quite easily.(修饰副词)
你能很容易地找到关于那个科目的书。
④Luckily she was in when I called.(修饰句子)
幸运的是，当我打电话的时候她在家。
[注意] (1)形容词与副词作状语时的区别
①形容词作状语时，表示状态或结果；而副词作状语时，表示方式。
After the long journey， the three of them went back home， hungry and tired.
经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。
②有些副词置于句首，可修饰全句，作评注性状语。
Luckily， her stepmother was kind to her.
幸运的是，她的继母对她很好。
(2)副词修饰整个句子时，有两种常见的情况①表示逻辑连接关系。常见的此类副词有therefore， however， otherwise， furthermore， nevertheless等。
Therefore, we have to come here again tomorrow.
因此，我们明天还得来这儿一趟。
②表示评述或说话人的态度。常见的此类副词有importantly, luckily, fortunately, unfortunately, strangely等。
Unfortunately, he failed again.
不幸的是，他又失败了。
(3)频率副词及enough作状语的位置
①频率副词常放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。
I have never seen him before.
我以前从未见过他。(never放在助动词have之后)
He usually reads books.
他经常读书。(usually放在行为动词reads之前)
②enough放在所修饰的形容词或副词的后面。
He isn't old enough to join the army.
他还不到参军的年龄。(enough修饰形容词old，放在old之后)
(2)副词作表语
表示位置的副词(above, across, inside, upstairs等)作表语时说明主语的状态或特征；表示动作方向的副词
(up, down, on, in, off, out等)作表语时含有动作意义。
⑤Isn't he up yet?
他还没起床吗？
⑥I'm sorry but he is not in.
对不起，他不在家。
即时练 单句语法填空
①A career in law is becoming increasingly ________ (attract) to young people.
②The book provides ________ (value) information on recent trends.
③I'm ________ (true) sorry that things had to end like this.
④We are all ________ (entire) responsible for our actions.
答案：①attractive ②valuable ③truly ④entirely
考点三 形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的构成规则
1．形容词和副词原级的用法
类似用法的词：
①Today is as busy a day as yesterday.
今天跟昨天一样忙。②Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.
亨利的书没有我的书多。
③How clever a student he was when he was a child!
当他小的时候他是一个多么聪明的学生啊！
2.形容词和副词的级别规则变化
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词末一般直接加er和est great greater greatest
brave braver bravest
单音节词以e结尾，只加r和st
wide wider widest
big
闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母， bigger biggest
hot
再加er和est hotter hottest
以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i，再加er和est happy happier happiest
more most
difficult difficult difficult
多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和most
expensive more most
expensive expensive
clever cleverer cleverest
少数以er，ow结尾的双音节词，加er和est
narrow narrower narrowest
[注意] (1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。
这些双音节词是：common, handsome, polite, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以ow，er结尾的词。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分，或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：
right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，favorite(最爱的)，perfect(完
美的)等。
3.不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad, ill worse worst
many, much
more most
(许多的)
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
[注意] (1)further不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。further education(深造)，furtherinformation(进一步的信息)。
(2)elder 不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，仅用于同辈之间的排行，即家庭成员的长幼关系，
如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥)。
(2)形容词和副词的比较级结构
a．A＋谓语＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B。
①You look much younger than I do.
你看起来比我年轻得多。
b．A＋谓语＋less＋形容词/副词原级＋than＋B为否定比较，意为“A不及/不如B”。
②This computer is less expensive than mine.
这台计算机没我的贵。
c．隐性条件下的比较级用法，即：在句中没有比较级标志性词than，而是通过语境来分辨是否用比较级。
③These pianos in the other shop are cheaper, but not as good.
在另一家店的钢琴便宜一些，但没这么好。
(3)形容词和副词的最高级用法
a．表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构为“the＋最高级＋比较范围(如of all, of the three, in the
world等)”，表示“……是……中最……的”，前面一般加定冠词 the; 副词最高级修饰动词，前面可不加
the。
④He runs fastest of the three.
三个人中他跑得最快。
b．“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数形式＋比较范围”，表示“……中最……的……之一”。
⑤New York is one of the biggest cities in America.
纽约是美国最大的城市之一。
[注意] “the＋most＋形容词原级”表示“最……”，句中通常要有比较范围；而“a＋most＋形容词原
级”不表示比较，most相当于very。
Tom is the most diligent student in his class.
汤姆是他班里最勤奋的学生。
He told us a most amusing story yesterday.
他昨天给我们讲了一个非常好笑的故事。
考点四 形容词、副词级别相关句式
1. 形容词和副词常考句式
项 目 例 句
as...as.../not so (as)...as...,意为“和…(不)一样…” She is as tall as her mother.I am not as/ so good aplayer as you are.
This picture is more beautiful than that one.I have
比较级 (+ than),意为“一方比另一方……”
never seen a more interesting film.
less +原级+than,意为“一方不及另一方……” This room is less beautiful than that one.
The harder you work,the more progress you will
the +比较级,the +比较级,意为“越……越……”
make.
“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义 I have never spent a more worrying day.
more...than...,意为“与其……倒不如……” He is more shy than unfriendly.
以-ior结尾的形容词,与to搭配。 The book is superior to that one I just finished
如:junior,senior,superior,prior,inferior等 reading.
no+比较级+than两者都不 This book is no more interesting than that once.
The+比较级+of the two两者中较为…… the older of the two
2．倍数表达法
倍数表达法的几种常见结构：
(1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋B
(4)The＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
(5)A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句
[注意] (1)修饰形容词/副词比较级的词有：rather， much， still， even， far， by far (后置)， a
lot， a little， a great deal， a bit等。
The students study even harder than before.
学生们甚至比以前学习更努力了。
The book is better by far than that one.
这本书比那本书要好得多。
单句写作
①越忙，他就感觉越快乐。
__________ he is, ____________ he feels.
②这两个男孩子谁年长些？
Who is ______________ two boys?
③我从没看过比这部更好的电影。
I've __________________ film than this one.④现在的产量是十年前的三倍。
The production is now ____________________ ten years ago.
答案：①The busier; the happier ②the older of the ③never seen a better ④three times what it was
考点六 形容词＋ly构成副词的规则
情况 构成 例词
quick—quickly，
一般情况 加ly brave—bravely，
immediate—immediately
以辅音字母 将y改为i easy—easily, happy—happily，
＋y结尾 再加ly heavy—heavily, busy—busily
simple—simply，
以le结尾 去e加y
gentle—gently
以元音字母
去e加ly true—truly
＋e结尾
以ll结尾 只加y full—fully, dull—dully
basic—basically，
以ic结尾 加ally
scientific—scientifically
[注意] (1)注意以下形容词变副词的拼写
whole—wholly完全地 shy—shyly害羞地
dry—dryly/drily冷淡地 good—well好地
(2)注意以ly结尾的形容词
friendly友好的 lovely可爱的
lively精力充沛的 lonely孤独的
deadly致命的 monthly每月的
yearly每年的 daily每日的
weekly每周的
三、几组易混副词的区别
1．表原意(无ly)和抽象概念(有ly)的副词
2．有无ly意义大不相同的副词即时练一练
I. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. （2022年新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes
of giant pandas, and _________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
2. （2022年全国甲卷）Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more _________ (meaning).
3. （2022年全国甲卷）...and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s _________ (high) mountain.
4. （2022年全国乙卷）“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the _________
(large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy
development of the tea industry.
5. （2022年全国乙卷）"It can help to build a community with a ________（share）future for mankind," he said. 给
6. (2022年浙江卷1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________(rough) 200 academics -
many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
7.The articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site ________ (suit) for them as well.
8.Almost all the fables he wrote are ________ (humor) and entertaining, appealing to people of all ages.
9.I knew it was going to be hard to find another job in the ________ (competition) working market.
10.Learning signals of respect in various ________ (culture) backgrounds can help you avoid misunderstanding.
11.Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ________ (equal) respected.
12.The numbers are ________ (particular) high in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou.
13.The more he talked, the ________ (angry) he became.
14.This film is ________ (interest) than any other one that I have ever seen.
15.He was advised to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink ________ (little) beer.
16.There have been some problems but ________ (basic) it's a good system.
17.Landing on the moon's far side is ________ (extreme) challenging.18.According to Professor Johnson, we don't have to read the book if we don't want to, as it is ________ (option)．
19.In the 18th and 19th centuries, ________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works
of art.
20.As the small boat moved, ________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently
reflected in the water.
【答案】1.eventually 2.meaningful 3.highest 4.largest 5.shared 6.roughly 7.suitable 8.humorous
9.competitive 10.cultural 11.equally 12.particularly 13.angrier 14.more interesting 15.less
16.basically 17.extremely 18.optional 19.wealthy 20.gently
II. 语篇填空1. (广东省广州市越秀区2022-2023学年高三10月阶段测试)
Chongqing ____36____(battle) wildfires caused by extreme heat waves in recent days. People from all
walks of life have ____37____(voluntary) engaged in jointly putting out the blazes, displaying extraordinary
heroism. Here are some of the memorable moments in the city’s fight against the fires.
On the evening of Thursday, as firefighters battled the blazes at the Jinyun Mountains of the city’s Beibei
district, a spectacular sight captured the heart of many people—a stream of headlights ____38____(wear) by fire
and rescue workers lit up the dark mountain paths, posing a sharp contrast with the red flames raging on the
mountain.
Long Jie, a man in his early 20s, is one of the members of an “army of motorcyclist ” ____39____ rushed
forth and back on the mountains, ____40____(transport) much-needed supplies to the firefighting frontlines.
Long joined the volunteer group on Aug 22 after fires broke out. In a video clip circulating online, an exhausted
Long ____41____(see) pouring water down over his head to stay awake. “ We will not withdraw until we put out
the fire, ” Long said.
____42____ wildfires threatened parts of Chongqing,the local governments issued a call for volunteers
with certain skills. After learning the news, Philip, ____43____ 42-year-old American teacher at the city’s
Southwest University, answered the call immediately. His job was to use chain saws to cut wood to create fire
____44____(barrier) on the mountain. “I was happy to help, ” Philip said, “Both my wife and children live in this
city. It is my duty to do my part in safeguarding our home. ”
Thanks ____45____ the joint efforts of fire and rescue workers, as well as volunteers and residents, the
heat-related fires in the city has been under control so far.
【答案】
36．has battled 37．voluntarily 38．worn 39．who##that 40．transporting 41．was seen 42．
As 43．a 44．barriers 45．to
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了消防和救援人员、志愿者对抗重庆野火的场面。
36．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近日，重庆一直在抗击由极端热浪引发的野火。分析句子结构可知，本
句缺少谓语，所以 battle应该用做谓语，根据时间状语 in recent days 可知，应该用现在完成时，主语是
Chongqing，为第三人称单数。故填has battled。
37．考查副词。句意：社会各界自觉参与联合灭火，表现出非凡的英雄主义精神。分析句子结构可知，空处修
饰空后的动词engaged，应填副词，voluntary的副词是voluntarily。故填voluntarily。38．考查非谓语动词。句意：周四晚上，当消防队员在重庆市北碚区的云山与大火搏斗时，一个壮观的景象吸
引了很多人的心——消防和救援人员戴着的车灯照亮了黑暗的山路，与山上熊熊燃烧的红色火焰形成了鲜明的
对比。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词 captured，所以wear应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是
headlights，两者间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词表被动。故填worn。
39．考查定语从句关系词。句意：龙杰，一个20出头的男人，是“摩托车军”的一员，他们在山上来回穿梭，
把急需的物资运送到消防前线。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是定语从句，从句缺少主语，应该用关系代词，
先行词是army of motorcyclist ，指人，应用who/that引导从句。故填who/that。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：龙杰，一个20出头的男人，是“摩托车军”的一员，他们在山上来回穿梭，把急
需的物资运送到消防前线。分析句子结构分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词rushed，所以transport应该
用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是 Long Jie，两者间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词做状语。故填
transporting。
41．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在网上流传的一段视频中，可以看到精疲力竭的龙向自己的头上泼水以保持
清醒。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语，所以see应该用做谓语，主语是Long，为第三人称单数且两者间
是被动关系，根据上文可知，描述的是过去的事，所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was seen。
42．考查连词。句意：随着山火威胁到重庆部分地区，当地政府号召招募具备一定技能的志愿者。分析句子结
构可知，空处应填连词，根据句意“随着”可知，应用as引导从句，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填As。
43．考查冠词。句意：得知这一消息后，42岁的美国西南大学教师菲利普(Philip)立即接听了电话。分析句子
结构可知，此处表示的是“一个42岁的美国教师”，空处应填不定冠词，42是辅音音素开头，用a。故填a。
44．考查名词。句意：他的工作是用链锯切割木材，在山上建立防火屏障。barrier意为“屏障”，为可数名词，
结合语境，防火屏障不止一处，应该用复数形式。故填barriers。
45．考查介词。句意：在消防和救援人员、志愿者和居民的共同努力下，目前该市与高温有关的火灾已得到控
制。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配thanks to意为“幸亏”。故填to。
2. (广东省深圳市福田区外国语高级中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次调研)
In a classroom in rural Kenya’s Rift Valley, a student ____36____ (take) notes alongside her classmates is
impressive. She wears the same school uniform — a grey skirt and a green sweater. ____37____, there is one
difference. Priscilla Sitienei is more than 80 years older than them.
Sitienei turned 99 years old on February 11. She said she went back to class to set a good example for
her great ____38____ (grandchild). She also wanted a new career. “I would like to become a doctor because l
used to be a midwife (助产士),” she said. She added that her family members were ____39____ (support) of her
decision.Back in 2003, the government of the East African country began helping to pay for the cost of primary
schooling. This has allowed some older members of society, ____40____ had missed out on education in their
younger days, ____41____(go) back to school.
This has given Sitienei more ____42____ an education. She has also become a film star. Sitienei travelled
to Paris last year for the launch of a film about her journey. It ____43____(title) Gogo, which means grandmother
in her native Kalenjin language.
Sitienei is in her ____44____ (five) year of primary school. She enjoys other school activities, physical
education classes ____45____ (include).
【答案】
36．taking 37．However 38．grandchildren##grandchild 39．supportive##supporters 40．who 41．
to go 42．than 43．is titled 44．fifth 45．included
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了99岁高龄的Priscilla Sitienei仍然在教室里和其他学生一起学习的故事。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：在肯尼亚大裂谷乡村的一间教室里，一名和她的同学一起做笔记学生令人印象深
刻。“_______ (take) notes alongside her classmates”作后置定语，修饰名词a student。动词take notes和其逻辑
主语a student之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词。故填taking。
37．考查副词。句意：她穿着同样的校服——灰色的裙子和绿色的毛衣。然而有一点不同。Priscilla Sitienei比
他们年长80多岁。根据句意，上一句讲“the same”，下句讲“one difference”，上下文有转折关系，且该空以逗
号和句子主干隔开，应用表转折的连接副词however；句首单词首字母大写。故填However。
38．考查名词。句意：她说，她回到课堂是为了给她的曾孙们树立一个好榜样。grandchild是可数名词。上下
文中并没有提到她有几个曾孙，可能一个，也可能不止一个。因此该处既可以用复数名词，也可用单数名词。
故填grandchildren/grandchild。
39．考查形容词。句意：她补充说，她的家人都支持她的决定。该空在从句中作表语。表示“支持的”，因此可
以用形容词supportive。也可以指“支持者”,因此也可用名词supporter作表语，家人不止一个，应用复数形式
supporters。故填supportive/supporters。
40．考查定语从句。句意：这使得一些年轻时错过教育机会的社会老年成员能够重返学校。“_____ had missed
out on education in their younger days”是定语从句，修饰先行词some older members，指人，关系词代替先
行词在从句中作主语，应该用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：这使得一些年轻时错过教育机会的社会老年成员能够重返学校。allow sb. to do
sth.意为“允许某人做某事，使得某人可能做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to go。
42．考查介词。句意：这给Sitienei带来的不仅仅是教育。more than是固定短语，意为“比……更多，超过……，
不仅仅”。故填than。43．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它被称为 Gogo，在卡伦津语中是祖母的意思。该空在句中作谓语。
title作动词，意为“把……称为；给……加标题”。it指的是上一句中的a film。a film和title之间是被动关系。该
句是对这部电影名称的介绍，应该用一般现在时态。且主语为it，根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词应该用第三人
称单数形式。故填is titled。
44．考查数词。句意：Sitienei在读小学五年级。表示“小学的第五年”，应用序数词fifth。故填fifth。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：她喜欢学校的其他活动，包括体育课。“physical education classes _______
(include)”是独立主格结构。非谓语动词include(包括)与其逻辑主语physical education classes之间是被动关系，
应该用过去分词表被动。故填included。
