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考点 05 形容词和副词
（原卷版）
【命题趋势】
1. 对与形容词和副词有关的构词法的考查仍会成为语法填空的重点之一。
2. 形容词、副词的题目侧重考查考生在具体语境中灵活运用形容词、副词的能力。
3. 从高考来看，主要考查：形容词和副词的比较等级；形容词和副词之间的转换；
名词转换为形容词等。
【名师指导】
形容词和副词是语法填空的必考点，主要以“用括号中所给词的正确形式填空”的形
式考查考生。
1. 形容词可作定语、表语、补语。因此，在做语法填空时，若句子缺定语、表语或补语，
要首先想到用形容词。
2. 副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语或整个句子。因此当设空
处作状语时，首先考虑要填副词。
3. 做语篇型语法填空时，考生还需根据上下文及形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型来判断。
短文改错中，本该用形容词时却用了副词或其他词性，或本该用副词却用了形容词，要
根据形容词和副词的基本用法判断。此外平时复习时还要注意一些常见的形容词、副词辨
析。
【重要考向】
一、形容词和副词的比较等级；二、形容词修饰名词；
三、形容词和副词的辨析；
形容词和副词的比较等级
【典例】
【2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空】
The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59.______ (hot) the
spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60.______ (astonish).
规则变化
例词
构 成
原级 比较级 最高级
small smaller smallest
单音节词一般情况下直接加-er和-est great greater greatest
hard harder hardest
fine finer finest
以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结
cute cuter cutest
尾的双音节词加-r和-st
able abler ablest
以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音 fat fatter fattest
字母的词,双写辅音字母后再加-er和-est
thin thinner thinnest
hot hotter hottest
easy easier easiest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i
happy happier happiest
再加-er和-est
early earlier earliest
clever cleverer cleverest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,加-er和-est
narrow narrower narrowest
careful more careful most careful
其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词
popular more popular most popular
一般在前面加more和most
efficiently More efficientlymost efficiently
不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good,well better bestbad,ill worse worst
many,much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
【形容词和副词的比较等级提分秘籍】
1．形容词或副词的as...as结构
两者相比，当A＝B时，用“as＋adj./adv.原级＋as”来表示。如：
Jack runs as fast as Tom.杰克和汤姆跑得一样快。
双方相比，当A≠B，或指A的程度较低时，用“not as/so＋ adj./adv.原级＋as”表示。
如：
He does not work as/so hard as his sister.
他不如他妹妹学习努力。
2．形容词或副词的比较级＋than
当双方比较，A>B时，用“比较级＋than”结构。当A不及B的程度时，用“less＋
adj./adv.原级＋than”的结构。如：
I don’t think maths is more important than physics.＝I think maths is less important than
physics.
我认为数学没有物理重要。
【特别提醒】
(1)quite只可用于quite better结构中，表示“病已经好多了”。
(2)by far与far的区别：far只用于“far＋比较级”结构中，其他情况下都用by far来加
强语气。如：
①He is far better today.
②He is better by far today.
③He is by far the best student in our class.
(3)many与much的区别：
修饰可数名词复数时，用many，其他情况下都用much。如：
①The hens have laid many more eggs than before.
这些鸡产的蛋比以前多多了。②There is much more water in this river.
这条河里有更多的水。
③He is much cleverer.
他更加聪明了。
3．“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构表示“越……越……”
The more tickets you sell ，the more money you will get.
你票卖得越多，你得到的钱就会越多。
4．当三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用最高级
这种句式中一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语；最高级可被序数词以及much, by far,
nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语修饰。如：
The building being built now is by far the highest in the city.
目前在建的那座大楼是本市最高的大楼。
5．比较级表示最高级含义
(1)比较级＋than any other＋可数名词单数。如：
The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.
在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。
(2)比较级＋than all(the)other＋可数名词复数。如：
China is larger than all the other Asian countries.
中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。
(3)no/never/nothing...＋比较级。如:
Nothing is more valuable than time.
时间比任何东西都珍贵。
(4)“否定词＋不定冠词＋形容词的比较级＋名词”或“否定词＋副词的比较级”表示
“从未……；未曾……”。如：
This film is very moving. I have never seen a better one.
这部电影很感人，我从没有看到过比它更好的了。
形容词和副词比较等级常见句式
项 目 例 句
She is as tall as her mother.
as...as.../not so (as)...as...,意为“和…(不)
I am not as/ so good a player as you
一样…”
are.
比较级 (+ than),意为“一方比另一 This picture is more beautiful than thatone.
方……”
I have never seen a more interesting
film.
less +原级+than,意为“一方不及另一 This room is less beautiful than that
方……” one.
the +比较级,the +比较级,意为“越…… The harder you work,the more
越……” progress you will make.
I have never spent a more worrying
“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义
day.
more...than...,意为“与其……倒不
He is more shy than unfriendly.
如……”
以-ior结尾的形容词,与to搭配。
The book is superior to that one I
如:junior,senior,superior,prior,inferior
just finished reading.
等
This book is no more interesting
no+比较级+than两者都不
than that once.
The+比较级+of the two两者中较
the older of the two
为……
形容词修饰名词
【典例】
【2021全国乙卷语法填空】
Provide ______(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
【形容词修饰名词提分秘籍】
1．多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序
如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词，
如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。它们的顺序
是：限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)＋数词(序数词＋基数词)＋描绘性形容
词(nice，good，interesting，beautiful...)＋特征形容词(大小、长短、高低＋形状＋年龄、新
旧)＋颜色形容词＋国籍、出处＋物质、材料＋用途、类别＋中心名词。我们可以用下面的
一段顺口溜帮助记忆：限数描、大长高，形状年龄和新老。
颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。
在实际运用中，很少会同时出现这么多修饰词，但我们必须记住以上规则。此外，还
应当多阅读，多体会，以增强语感。如：
another three English books另外三本英语书；all these last few days最近的这些日子；a
beautiful white Chinese military jeep一辆漂亮的白色中国军用吉普车
形容词作定语时，我们尤其要记住下列两种特殊结构：
(1)so/how/as/too/that＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数名词
(2)rather/quite/what/such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数名词
2．形容词作定语后置的几种情况
(1)当形容词修饰由some，any，no，every构成的复合词，如something，anything，
nothing等时形容词须后置。如：
Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?
今天的报纸上有什么新的东西吗？
(2)当“形容词＋介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。如：
There is a bag full of rice on his table.
他的桌上有满满一袋米。
(3)当两个意义相反的形容词用both...and...，and，or或so连接在一起作定语时。如：
People in the village, young and old, men and women are fond of singing and dancing.
村里的男女老幼都喜爱唱歌跳舞。
(4)当old，long，high，wide，deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。如：
The peasants dug a well about fifty metres deep.
农民们挖了一口约五十米深的井。
(5)有些表语形容词作定语。如afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，ashamed，worth
等。如：
Tom was the only boy awake at that time.
汤姆是那时唯一醒着的男孩。
形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:
修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one nobody
等构成的复合不定代词时 absent,everything possible
the best book
以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最
available,the only solution
高级或only修饰的名词之后
possiblealive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以
the only person awake
后置
和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long
a huge room simple and
成对的形容词可以后置
beautiful
a man difficult to get on
形容词短语一般后置
with
形容词和副词的辨析
【典例】
【2021全国甲卷语法填空】
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to
fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ______ (day) routines.
【形容词和副词的辨析提分秘籍】
1．形容词主要用来修饰名词，也可修饰something，nothing等不定代词，在句中作定
语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。作状语时表示伴随、原因等，或是对主语进行解释，可以
看作是“being＋形容词”，位于句首、句中或句尾，表示伴随时通常用逗号与其他成分隔
开
①He lay in bed，wide awake.
他躺在床上，完全清醒着。
②He went to bed, cold and hungry.
他上床睡觉，又冷又饿。
2．副词主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、从句或整个句子。修饰整个句子时，可置
于句首、句中或句尾
Fortunately，he escaped from the fire.
他幸运地从大火中逃了出来。
3．有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词形式相同，另一种是在形容词后加-
ly。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所不同
不带ly的副词往往表示的是具体概念(也就是词的本义)；加ly的往往表示的是抽象概念(也就是词的引申义)。close接近(指距离)→closely仔细地，密切地；free免费→freely自由
地，自如地；deep深地→deeply深刻地，深入地；hard努力地→hardly几乎不；wide充分
(张开)地，宽阔地→widely广泛地；high高地→highly高度地，
非常；late迟，晚→lately最近，近来；near邻近地→nearly几乎；most最→mostly主
要地。如：
He jumped that high in the sports meeting in our school and is highly thought of by his
classmates.
他在我们学校运动会上跳得那么高，赢得了他的同学们的高度赞扬。
一般说来，形容词＋ly构成的是副词，如：deeply，highly，widely等；名词＋ly构成
的是形容词或名词，如：
friendly，brotherly，lovely，weekly，monthly等。
4．rather，very，quite，fairly的区别
(1)rather常用于不愉快的场合，用来修饰贬义的形容词或副词，如bad，poor，badly等；
fairly常用于较愉快的场合，用来修饰表示赞美的褒义形容词或副词，如nice，well，clever
等。如：
She is fairly clever, but does rather badly in her lessons.
她很聪明，但功课相当差。
(2)如果修饰中性的形容词或副词，如easy，fast，thin等，fairly表示肯定概念，即说
话人的态度是赞美的、满意的；而rather表示否定概念，即说话人是不满意的。如：
①The soup is fairly hot.
这汤还算热。(表示喜欢热汤)
②The soup is rather hot.
这汤太烫了。(表示讨厌太烫的汤)
rather可用在similar，different，too以及介词like，形容词、副词的比较级之前，也可
修饰动词，而fairly，quite则不能，但可以说quite better。如：
今天比昨天暖和得多。
[误]It is fairly warmer today than yesterday.
[正]It is rather warmer today than yesterday.
(3)quite表示的程度比fairly深，表示主观看法，可理解为“十分”。如：
The news is quite amazing.
这消息十分惊人。(4)fairly只能用在不定冠词之后；而quite和rather位于不定冠词前、后皆可。如：
This is a fairly heavy/rather a heavy/a rather heavy/a quite heavy/quite a heavy job for us.
对我们来说，这真是一项相当繁重的工作。
另外，rather有时跟褒义词尤其是表示“好”的词连用时，强调被修饰词的程度，可与
fairly，quite互换。如：
Your English is rather/fairly/quite good.
你的英语相当好。
在高考试题中，经常会考查形容词同义词和副词同义词的辨析，所以我们在学习中要
注意它们在不同语句中的用法差异。以下是常见的几组同义词：alone，lonely；calm, quiet,
silent, still; older, elder; farther, further; fast，quick, soon, rapid; living, alive, live, lively; real, true;
high，tall; ill, sick; likely, possible, probable; no more than, not more than; no less than, not less
than; too much, much too；yet, still; no longer, no more; almost, nearly；just, very。
（2022.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
For example. 60 (rough) 200 academics- many of them climate scientists have promised
to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It
will 3 (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
（2021.6新高考二卷）
I told him how ____41____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider
using more eco-friendly options.
（2021.6新高考二卷）
I was so____42____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
But that's how nature is—always leaving us 5 (astonish).
（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to
take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10 (day) routines.
（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time
for some action and what 5 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Provide 8 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
When the house was built, it was much 4 (small) than it is today.
（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had
narrowed 8 (sharp).
（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside,
including 10 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer
sports facilities.
（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 1 (educate)
about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often
provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）
Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging.
（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）
Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging.
（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and
office. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）
The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic
decorations.
（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）
One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come
and present their 62 ． (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）
As the small boat moved, 68 ． (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains
being silently reflected in the water.
（2020·山东卷语法填空）
In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36 ． (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical
objects and works of art.
【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】
It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been
___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar
bears worldwide.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】
Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提
名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】
On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how
long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）
Scientists have responded by __noting__ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)
around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high)
than they actually are.
【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than
non-runners.
【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】
A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to
feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer
consumption.
【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】
He screams the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and
charges toward me.
【201·浙江卷·语法填空】There could be an even 63 (high) cost on your health.（2022·云南·一模）
It will also enable Lao businesses to ___17___ (well) fit into regional and global supply chains.
（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模
The Shanghai Contemporary Handwriting Academy has been established to give young
people a chance to learn about the “ancient” skills of using pen and ink to communicate, but,
more____1____(important) , to learn how to think.
（2022·云南·一模）
It will not only benefit the two peoples, but also ___13___ (significant) improve regional
connectivity.
（2022·陕西省榆林中学二模）
The phrase ____21____ (apparent) traces its origins to a post earlier this year in an online forum
run by the Chinese search giant Baidu.
（2022·河南·模拟预测）
However, with huge amounts of water to use, it raised different ___48___ (environment)
concerns.
（2022·重庆·一模）
Chinese workers once demonstrated their great efficiency in 2018. ___51___ (incredible), around
1,500 workers spent just nine hours completing the construction of a new train station in Fujian
Province, southern China.
（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T10）
Worried about ____10____ (globe) warming? You should be.（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T6）
Since I had a fear of needles, I was ___6___(willing) to take his advice. But by this time I was so
tired that I was prepared to try almost anything.
（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T10）
He then inserted a needle in my right foot between my first and second toe, and, despite my
anxiety, I fell asleep ___10___ (immediate). At the time I considered the whole experience to be
close to a miracle.
（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T5）
A focus on quality would make us likely to pay ______5______(much) for better-made items,
which would reduce the desire to keep shopping, while slowing demand for fast fashion overall.
（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T9）
The same goes for____9____(nature) fibers;…
【湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调】
Any small objects can jog his memory，so carefully replace any photos，diaries or any other
______ (person)objects or presents with new items.
【湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调】
Tell some ______ (amuse)stories or talk about important and happy events in your friend's life
such as a new nephew or a work promotion.
【湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调】
It will be often a long time before your friend fully removes that memory，so don't be ______
(disappoint)if it doesn't happen immediately.
【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】
A top official told Xinhua. “Given the difficulties experienced this year, the progress being madeby Beijing 2022 has been ______ (usual).
【福建省福州一中2021届高三调研】
Most of Chen's colleagues are male and spend ______ (much) time with the elephants than with
their own children.
【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】
In China, a large number of people take the sport of pigeon racing very ______ (serious).
【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】
The amount, however, is far ______ (little) than he $30,600 he spends on his 500 pigeons each
year.
【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】
According to a new study published in the journal Child Development, best friends likely had
a______ ( significance) influence on how you behave in your 20s.
【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】
They found that, compared to people with strong high school friendships, those who were merely
popular did much ______ ( bad) on several measures of mental health, such as self-worth, social
acceptance and relaxation.
【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】
So thousands of ______ (terrify) people died when there was an outbreak.
【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】
With all the evidence he gathered, John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted
water carried the virus. ______ (final) “King Cholera” was defeated.
【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】
Xiong, a visually 57.______ (disable) young woman who started learning the piano at the age of 6,said her idol was Beethoven, who went 58. ______ (complete) deaf later and their physical
challenges led both of them to establish a connection with the outside world through music.
【广东省2021届高三四校联考】
Looking to the future, like any litter problem, we need to look at ways of creating ______
(little).
【河北省2021届高三模拟】
If you went looking for a ______ (differ) planet, from Earth as you could find, you wouldn't have
to go all that far, at least in space terms.
【河北省2021届高三模拟】
When the spacecraft______ (final) retires, its Earth-bound pilots will send it on a path to dive to its
death into the Jupiter's atmosphere.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】
Rizea became a woodcarver ______ (complete) by accident.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】
With a long history, it is considered as the ______ (early) aircraft we have ever know.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】
Around the Qingming Festival, ______ (usual) on early April, many people fly kites in public
squares.
【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】
We were all ______ (surprise) and puzzled.
【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】
This shows that American women, ______ (special) elderly women, are very sensitive about their
ages.【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】
But my teacher always says, “We want to be ______. ” so about the age of Western women, my
advice is that if you don’t know it, don’t ask about it; if you really know it, don’t mention it.
【广东省2021届高三四校联考】
When we look up at the night sky, we see stars, the twinkle of a moving satellite and______
(occasion) a distant planet.
