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考点 01 冠词（原卷版）
【命题解读】
冠词是历年高考的必考点，对于冠词的考查主要集中在冠词的基本用法和习惯用法，
高考中常见的考点如下：
① 冠词的泛指、特指
② 在形容词和副词比较等级前的用法
③ 固定搭配
④ a 和an的区别（2017新增）
【命题预测】
预计2020年的高考仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主，以语篇型语法填
空和短文改错的形式出现，它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。
【名师指导】
复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则：
①单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；
②复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；
③无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。
不定冠词
【典例】
【2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空】While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ______ mustto visit!
【不定冠词提分秘籍】
不定冠词有两个，a 和 an。a用在辅音开头（不是辅音字母，是音标）的单词前面；an用
于以元音开头（不是元音字母，是音标）的单词前。如：a book, an apple；a university，an
hour.
1. 用于泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
The village where I was born has grown into a town.
2. 用于第一次提到或出现的名词前，表泛指，不特别指明具体情况。
There is a cup on the desk, but the cup isn’t mine.
3. 用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
I have three books, and I want to buy a fourth one.
4. 用于形容词的比较级前，表示“一个更……的”。
If we sit near the front of the bus, we’ll have a better view.
5. 用于姓名、星期名称前，表示“某个名叫……的人，一个跟某人相仿的人，某人的
作品、发明”或“某个星期几”。
Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. 专家们认为这幅新发
现的油画或许是毕加索的画作。
6. 用于表示价格、速度、比率等的名词前表示“每一”。
He works eight hours a day.
7. 用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。
这类名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，
特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面要加不定冠词。具有此用法的名词
有：success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, pity, danger, comfort, honour等。
surprise惊奇 → a surprise 一件意想不到/令人惊奇的事
failure失败 → a failure 一个失败的人；一件失败的事
success成功 → a success 一个成功的人；一件成功的事
rain雨 → a heavy rain 一场大雨
注意：常考的不可数名词有：baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space(太
空), advice, word(消息), progress, information, news, equipment, wealth等。这些不可数名词一
般不与不定冠词连用。8．用于短语搭配中
(1)“have/take＋a(n)＋与动词同形的名词”，表示动作的一次。
have/take a rest休息一会儿；have/take a look看一下；have/take a bath洗个澡。
(2)“go out for a(n)＋名词”，表示从事某项活动。
go out for an outing去郊游；go out for a picnic去野餐。
(3)习惯搭配中。
come to an end结束；drop sb. a line给某人写信；at a disadvantage处于不利地位；in a
way从一方面说；in a word总之；in a sense就某种意义来说；on a diet吃特定食物；with a
view to为了，鉴于。
定冠词
【典例】
【2021浙江卷6月语法填空】
______ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing
family.
【定冠词提分秘籍】
1．特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，这是定冠词的基本用法
①The books on the desk were published last month.
桌子上的那些书是上个月出版的。
②The factory I mentioned has installed a new assembly line.
我提到的那家工厂已经安装了一条新的装配线。
③We were all lost in the beauty of nature.
我们都被大自然的美所陶醉。
2．再次提到前面已出现的人或事物，表示特指
①I met a friend in the street；he said he had been seriously ill.
我在街上遇见了一位朋友，他说他生过一场大病。
②He told us a story，but I was not interested in the story.
他给我们讲了一个故事，但我对这个故事不感兴趣。3．指谈话双方彼此都知道的人或事物
We went to the station to see the manager off.
我们到车站为经理送行。
4．用在某些可数名词单数前，用来指事物的整体(总称)与其他事物的区别
①The telephone was invented by Bell.
电话是贝尔发明的。
②The elephant is much stronger than the horse.
象比马强壮得多。
5．用在表示某国人的名词前
the Chinese中国人；the French法国人；the English英国人；the Spanish西班牙人；the
Dutch荷兰人；the Irish爱尔兰人；the Swiss瑞士人；the Japanese日本人。
6．某些形容词或分词前加定冠词the表示一类人(表示复数)
the homeless无家可归的人；the rich富人；the poor穷人；the blind盲人；the old老年人
the young年轻人；the strong强者；the weak弱者；the sick病人；the wounded伤者。
7．在序数词前要加定冠词the(有时在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再次”“又一”)
She lives on the twelfth floor.她住在十二楼。
8．在形容词最高级及形容词only(唯一的)，very(正是那个)，same(同样的)等前加定
冠词the
①This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
②He must be the only student who has ever been to the city in our class.
他一定是我们班唯一去过那座城市的同学。
③That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for.
那正是我要找的东西。
9．在表示一些独一无二的东西的名词前要用定冠词the
the earth 地球；the moon 月亮；the sun 太阳；the sky 天空；the universe 宇宙；the
world世界；the air空中；the ground地面。
10．用于时间、重量等单位名词之前，表示每一个单位
①The boat is hired by the hour.
小船按小时出租。
②There are two or three apples to the pound.
每磅有两三个苹果。11．在表示方位、方向的名词前用定冠词the
in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北方；on the right/left在右/左边。
12．在表江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前，要用定冠词the
the Yellow River 黄河；the Rhine莱茵河；the Pacific 太平洋；the Red Sea 红海；the
Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉；the British Isles不列颠群岛；the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡；the Sahara
Desert撒哈拉沙漠。
13．用在逢“十”的数词前，指世纪的某个年代
in the 1980s/1980’s在20世纪80年代。
14．乐器名称前用定冠词the
She plays the piano best in her class.
她钢琴在班上弹得最好。
15．在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词the表示“……一家”
the Browns布朗一家；the Lis姓李的一家。
16．在“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表身体部位的名词”的固定结构中
hit sb. in the face打某人的脸；take sb. by the arm/hand抓住某人的胳膊/手；pat sb. on the
shoulder拍某人的肩；hit sb. on the head打某人的头。
本结构中不能用物主代词替代定冠词，常用于该结构的动词有pat，strike，beat，hit，
catch，put，take等。
17．在短语搭配中
in the end最后；come to the point谈到正题；on the contrary相反；in the morning在早
晨；in the distance在远处；in the water在水中；on the subject of关于……的主题；on the air
在广播。
含有冠词的词组分析
【典例】
【2022浙江卷1月语法填空】
Cobb ,for her part ,started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak
whether she could do so remotely ,about three quarters of 63 time,they agreed【冠词词组分析提分秘籍】
英语中有不少词组，从形式看好像只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。
1. in front of 在……（外）的前面；in the front of在……（内）的前面
There is a garden in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一个花园。（外）
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有一块黑板。（内）
2. in charge of 掌管、负责；in the charge of 在……负责之下
An experienced worker is in charge of the project. 一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。
The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。
3. at table 在进餐、吃饭时；at the table 在桌旁
He seldom talks at table. 吃饭时他很少说话。
They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 他们坐在桌旁，边说边笑。
4. by day 白天、日间；by the day 按日计
He works in an office by day. 他白天在办公室工作。
Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。
5. take place 发生、举行；take the place (of) 代替、接替
When did this conversation take place? 这次谈话什么时候进行的？
Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in our country. 在我们国家，电力火
车已经取代了蒸汽火车。
6. in words 用语言；in a word 总之
Please express your thoughts in words. 请用言语表达你的想法。
In a word, I don’t trust you. 总之，我不相信你。
7. at times 有时、不时；at a time 一次
I do feel a little nervous at times. 有时我确实感到有些紧张。
Pass me the bricks two at a time. 每次递给我两块砖。
8. little 少、不多的；a little 一些、一点儿
Hurry up, there is little time left. 快点，时间不多了。
Don’t hurry, you still have a little time. 不用急，你还有时间。
9. few 很少、几乎没有的；a few 有些、几个
He is a man of few words. 他是一个少言寡语的人。
Only a few of the children can read. 只有几个孩子会阅读。
10. a most interesting 非常有趣的；the most interesting 最有趣的（形容词的最高级）This is a most interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。
This is the most interesting story of the three. 这是三个故事中最有趣的一个。
11. a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士；a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士
A doctor and nurse is standing there. 一位兼护士的医生正站在那儿。
A doctor and a nurse are standing there. 一位医生和一位护士正站在那儿。
12. a number of 许多、好些；the number of ……的数目（后面的谓语动词用单数）
A number of students are in the classroom. 许多学生在教室里。
The number of students in the classroom is forty. 教室里有40个学生。
零冠词
1. 不含普通名词的专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、复数名词或不可数名
词前通常不加冠词。
Rock climbing is of great fun. You will get close to nature and take adventures at the same
time.
2. 表示季节、月份、星期、节日、学科、语言、球类、棋类以及三餐等的名词前，常
用零冠词。
He had nothing for breakfast this morning.
Spring comes after winter.
3. 表示独一无二的职位、职务、头衔的名词在句中作表语、补足语、同位语时，其前
通常不加冠词。
We made him monitor of our class.
4. 在“单数可数名词＋as/though”引导的让步状语从句中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。
Good choice as/though it may be, he has decided to give it up.
5. turn意为“变为，成为”时，后面作表语的单数可数名词前不用冠词。但是become
意为“变为，成为”时，后面作表语的单数名词前加不定冠词。
His dream is to turn lawyer while his sister’s is to become a dancer.
6. 名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, each, no, any等指示代词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格时，其前不加冠词。
I want that book about cars.
（2021.6新高考二卷）
A company ____44____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over
_____45_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
the
（2021·全国甲卷·语法填空·T8）
It took us about 3 hours to go all ___8___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do
it in two hours, but…
（2021·全国乙卷·语法填空·T5）
Due to ___5___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various
types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
（2021·新高考I卷·语法填空·T10）
While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____10____ must to visit!
（2021·浙江卷·语法填空·T9）
___9___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing
family.
【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】
Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be)
stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes.
【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】
Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has
increased only 7 percent.
【2018·新课标卷III·语法填空】
Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her
lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.
【2017·新课标卷I·语法填空】
As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
【2017·新课标卷II ·语法填空】
This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over
64 top.
（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）
Handwriting is____5____important skill that goes beyond communication.
（2022·云南·一模）
The opening of the China-Laos Railway will thus help speed the development of the China-
Laos Economic Corridor, and will further advance the building of a China-Laos community with
____20____ shared future.
（2022·重庆·一模）
They also set up the traffic signals and ___55___ series of traffic monitoring equipment.（2022·河南·三模）
These Games are not ____39____ end of the story. With their performance and their appearance,
each of these athletes can win over a huge new fan community for the time after the Games.
（2022·重庆南开中学模拟预测）
And without courage, we’ll never step into ____44____ unknown.
（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T2）
These are all examples of single-use plastic products, which is ___2___ hot topic based on both
environmental and health concerns.
（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T3）
___3___event in my life three or four years ago made me examine my own attitudes towards
alternative medicine.
（2021·成都三诊·短文改错）
Then I noticed a guy at the door. He was not allowed to get into the show because someone had
sold him the fake ticket.
（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T6）
You could buy secondhand clothing, too, as____6_____ useful way to extend the lifespan (寿命)
of items already created.
（2021•珠海市二模•语法填空•T10）
At this point, however, the unique culture that produced these man-made objects remains
____10_____ mystery.
（2021•肇庆市三模•语法填空•T4）
In some regions, particularly in the western United States, drought is ____4____ serious
problem facing communities.（2021•漳州一中新高考模拟•语法填空•T2）
Louis Cha (Chinese: Cha Leung Yung; 10 March 1924 - 30 October 2018), better known by his
pen name Jin Yong, was a Chinese wuxia novelist and essayist, who co-founded the Hong Kong
daily newspaper Ming Bao in 1959 and served as ___2___ first editor-in-chief.
（2021•永春县第三次联考•语法填空•T5）
Tu said in Beijing. The prize winning is ____5____ honor for China’s science cause and
traditional Chinese medicine in their course of reaching out to the world.
【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】
But the country's economic development over the years has permitted the sport to spread beyond
______ wealthy.
【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】
Being liked by a large group of people cannot take______ place of building deep, supportive
friendships.
【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】
So thousands of terrified people died when there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to solve
______ problem.
【河北省2021届高三模拟】
Just look to ______ fifth planet in our, solar system, Jupiter.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】
Kites were used for military(军事的) purposes in the very beginning, such as measurement and
signaling. Later kite flying gradually became ______ outdoor activity for both recreation and art.
【广东省2021届高三四校联考】
Nobu Okada, CEO of Astroscale, ______ company working on ways to clean up space junk, says
“even a small paint fleck has enough power to blow up other satellites.【福建省福州一中2021届高三调研】
______ elephant museum is there for those who want to know more about the animal.
.【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】
It went on to say that almost half of all museums reported ______ annual increase in visitor
numbers.
【重庆市南开中学2021届高三仿真】
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business —said it remained
unknown as to who nominated Irene for ______ award.
【重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】
So, everyone was afraid of it. Zhong spent days and nights to find ______ cause of the disease.
【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】
Whenever there is a sandstorm, it forms ______ upward air flow between the surrounding sand
mountains.
【辽宁百校联盟2021届高三质监】
With Xiongan aiming to become a "smart, green and residents-friendly" city that faces the future,
the Xiongan Railway Station, the landmark of the area, resembles a model for such ______ future.
【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】
Now as ______Chinese international, Wu is working hard to show that “there are players in China
that can shine in the best leagues in the world”, he told Global Times.
【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】
It is also important to note that the greatest amazement (amaze) of the journey is Chang'e 5's lunar
landing site-referred to as the Ocean of Storms-on the near side of the moon, where no probes (探
测器) have paid ______ visit before.【湖北省武汉市2021届高三质量检测】
China’s writing system forms ______ strong bridge linking the Chinese people and culture of the
present with those of the past.
【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】
Those amazing light shows in ______ sky of the arctic regions occur frequently between September
and October and then occur again between March and April.
【湖北省八市2021届高三联考】
Shanghai culture is amazing, and the city is filled with smart people, dynamic interactions, a
willingness to move and an appetite for being modern while embracing diversity and creating ______
business friendly environment.
【湖北省2021届高三联考】
The recovery team would do ______ initial processing of the capsule and then use a plane to
transport it to Beijing, where it would be opened for technicians to remove the container holding
lunar samples, then administration said.
