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2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）
第13讲—冠词
【复习概览】
在语境中理
核心素养 解和运用新
冠词 语法知识 语言能力 的语法知识
1.单句填空
2.语篇填空
3.单句翻译
4.书面表达
生活实践和
高考评价 学习探索情
必 备 知 识 关键能力 境
（）
【命题分析】
一、命题要求
冠词考点，是英语高考常考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词的用法等。
二、命题形式
本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.语法填空；2.书面表达。冠词在语法填空中是常考点。
2022年冠词有可能考，让学生掌握这个考点是必要的。
【基础巩固】
重难点知识：
考点1不定冠词
【典例】
1. [2020·海南卷]Rainforests are home to ______ rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.
2. [2020·海南卷]When Jim Grant spotted black smoke coming out of ______ building on his way to work, he
stopped his car to call 911.
【方法指导】
不定冠词a/an的用法
1．单数可数名词前用不定冠词a/an表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。
2．表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。
3．用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间；用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。
4．不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示“再一，又一”。
5．表示单位时间内的频度，含有“每”的概念。
【变式】
【变式】11.[2020·浙江1月考] A child born in the US today has ______very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs
to plan accordingly.
【变式】2
2.【山东省泰安市 2021届高三1月联考】Do you like cheese? If so, when you stay with ______ French host
family, be sure to spare some space in your stomach for the dessert.
考点2定冠词the的用法
【典例】
1. 【江西省赣州市十五县（市）十六校 2021 届高三上学期期中】Yuantouzhu therefore became
_______cherry viewing resort in China, attracting countless tourists to enjoy the beautiful cherry blossoms here
every year.
2. 【四川省宜宾市 2021 届普 2021 届高三“一诊”】The census will help find out ______ number of
foreigners living in China and can also tell how many Chinese people have moved to other countries.
【方法指导】
1．用在名词前表示特指。
2．用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。
3．用在序数词和最高级前。
4．用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。
5．用在表示计量的名词前，如 by the hour，by the dozen等，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词，如 by
weight，by height等。
6．用于表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。如：in the 1980s。
7．用于表示方位、西洋乐器等名词前。
8．用于固定搭配中。
【变式】
【变式】1. 【河南省名校联盟九师联盟2021届高三月质量检测】My aunt Carmeleta was _______wife of my
mother’s youngest brother Fred.
【变式】2.【河南省顶尖名校 2021届高三10月联考】The other thing is that you need to choose ________
experiments which are not poisonous and with easy equipment and that can be handled easily by your kids.
考点3零冠词
【典例】
1. [2018·全国卷Ⅰ] ________absolute most important skill that you learn when you play ______chess is how to
make good decisions.2. Don’t worry too much about mistakes. They are natural part of learning.
【方法指导】
1．不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。
2．称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。
3．月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。
4．as/though引导的让步状语从句中，如果作表语的名词置于句首，名词前不用冠词。
5．no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。
6．高考中常见的纯不可数名词，不能与不定冠词连用。这些词有 baggage，luggage，furniture，health，
weather，fun，space(太空)，advice，word(＝news)，progress，information，luck，wealth(财产)等。
【变式】
1.Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become
popular name.
A. a; the B. C. /; the D. the; a
2.Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in _______ weather around the
world.
A. B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a
【关键能力】
冠词与语法填空
冠词是位于名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词，它不能离开名词而单独存在。语法填
空中，重点考查冠词的基本用法。另外冠词活用及习惯搭配是考查难点。
[典题试做]
在空白处填入适当的冠词
1． The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed，
________other is with mum—she never suspects.
2． Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _______while，exercising，or doing
something you enjoy.
3． The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by
even ________ most modern of architects and engineers.
4． He owned ________ farm，which looked almost abandoned.
[应对策略]
在名词或“形容词＋名词”前缺少限定词时，要考虑冠词。不定冠词 a/an表示泛指，可译作“一
个/本/座/……”等；定冠词the表示特指，相当于“这，这些，那，那些”。另外要注意：特指上文出现的
或谈话双方心目中知道的人或事物用the；在序数词、最高级、独一无二的事物名词之前用the。
◆书面表达中冠词易错点聚焦由于受到汉语的干扰，疏漏冠词是我们中国学生在写作中的常见错误类型之一。存在误区有以下几种：
1．对抽象名词具体化的应用判断失误。
(误)The Christmas evening party was success.
(正)The Christmas evening party was a_success.
2．冠词在一些固定结构中的误用。
(误)Mrs. Taylor has an eight－year－old daughter who has the gift for painting—she has won two national
prizes.
(正)Mrs. Taylor has an eight－year－old daughter who has a gift for painting—she has won two national
prizes.
(误)Our teacher is kind to us and he often has words with us.
(正)Our teacher is kind to us and he often has a_word with us.
3．冠词表示类别和不用冠词时的易错点。
(误)In many places in China，a bicycle is still the popular means of transportation.
(正)In many places in China，the bicycle is still the popular means of transportation.
