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2022 年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)
第六讲—过去分词
【复习概览】
在语境中理
过去
核心素养 解和运用新
分词 语法知识 语言能力 的语法知识
1.单句填空
2.语篇填空
3.单句翻译
4.书面表达
生活实践和
高考评价 学习探索情
必 备 知 识 关键能力 境
()
【命题分析】
一、命题要求
非谓语动词考点,是英语高考必考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有:非谓语动词作定语、非谓语动词
作状语、动名词作主语、非谓语动词的独立主格结构、非谓语动词短语与状语从句之间的转换等。
二、命题形式
本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有:1.语法填空;2.短文改错;3.书面表达(尤其是读后续写中)。非
谓语动词在语法填空中是必考点。
2022年非谓语动词还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。在这个考点上一定多下工夫,不管花费多大的精
力,让学生掌握这个考点都不为过,因为,打开2022年的高考试卷,必然会有非谓语动词。
【基础巩固】
知识点:过去分词
必备基础知识:
过去分词的基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过
去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、状语或宾补等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般
为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。重难点知识:
考点1 过去分词作状语
【典例】
1. When (ask)for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and
rewarding.
2. _____________(use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
【方法指导】
1.作状语的过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2.如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者,就用过去分词形式(done)。
3.过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句,表示被动和完成。
4.带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy,
and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞,不给她说话她从不说话。
5.选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语,即与句子主语的逻辑关系, 如分词的动作是主句的
主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。
6. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过
去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句,或者
前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。
【变式】
【变式】1【时间状语】
Film has a much shorter history, especially when __________(compare)to such art forms as music and painting.
【变式】2【条件状语】
Time, ______________(use) correctly, is money in the bank.
【变式】3
【2021届江苏省扬州市高三上学期期初调研】 _______(compare)with other satellite navigation systems, the
BDS operates more satellites in high orbit, and transmits navigation signals at more frequencies. These features
enable better more accurate services.
【变式】4
【2021届江苏省泰州中学高三上学期第一次月度检测】In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four
things are necessary. First, we must understand the language when we hear it_______(speak).
考点2 过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于
其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如:The stolen car was found by
the police last week.
【典例】1. [2019·上海卷]Orissa is the home to three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species ______ (threaten)
with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, where around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every
year, is considered one of the world's largest nesting sites.
2.(2018·浙江11月高考)Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem ________ (call) caffeinism.
3. [2021·河南省平顶山市高三阶段测试]The report, which was published in The Lancet in 2019, was based on
research done with students ________ (age) 11 to 17 in 146 different countries.
4.[2021·宁夏银川一中高三第三次月考]Food items themselves have meaning _____ (attach) to them. In many
Western countries, a box of chocolate would be viewed as an appropriate gift.
【方法指导】
1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时,通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外),是一个短语作定语时,就放在
被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时,被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf: 倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon: 升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rose: 凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人
an escaped prisoner: 逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生
【变式】1
【江苏省徐州市(市区部分学校)2021届高三学情调研】The survey shows that roughly three-quarters of the
86 tree species 39 . (survey) have shifted their population centers westward since 1980.
【变式】2
A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10
destinations in the world.
【变式】3(2015·全国Ⅱ,61)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American
Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
考点3 过去分词作宾补
作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如:When I opened the door, I
found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注:动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常表
示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如:I had my bike repaired
yesterday. 昨天我(找别人)把我的自行车给修了。
【典例】
1. (2020·新课标II卷语法填空)They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 . (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.2. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car __________________(wash).
【方法指导】
1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词做宾语补足语。
She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall.
她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。
2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
我进去时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语,相当于过去分词
前省略了to be。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano
这位父亲想让他的女儿学钢琴。
They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.
他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。
4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语,过去分词与宾语之间为动
宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
She usually works in her study with the door locked.
她通常锁着门在书房工作。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind back.
凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。
【变式】
【变式】1
(2021·天津高三二模)With her attention ________ on the book, the girl sat there quietly.
A.to be fixed B.fix C.fixed D.fixing
【变式】2
(2021·福建省武平县第一中学高三一模)The fireman told us the troubles they had ________the fire________ .
A.getting; controlled B.got; controlled C.got; to control D.getting; to control
【变式】3
(2021·黑龙江牡丹江市·牡丹江一中高三期末)She was too nervous to speak with so many eyes ______ on her.
A.fixing B.fixed C.being fixed D.to fix【变式】4
(2021·天津南开区·高三零模)I like to get up early so that I can get plenty of work before lunch.
A.to do B.done
C.doing D.being done
考点4 过去分词作表语
作表语:过去分词作表语时,表示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如:The glass is
broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。 注:过去分词作表语时,和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义不
同,如:The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在
许多词典中已列为形容词,如:crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened,
gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried,
astonished, broken, completed, covered等。
【典例】
1. (2020·浙江高三)The hairdresser showed me a book with so many diverse hair styles that I got _______and
didn't know which one to choose.
A.confused B.to confuse
C.confusing D.to be confused
2. (2020·全国高三)While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.
A.promote B.promoted
C.promoting D.to promote
【变式】
1. (2020·全国高三)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are
important in staying ______ (connect). (用单词适当形式填空)
2. (2020·江苏扬州市·仪征市第二中学高三月考)In April, thousands of holidaymakers
remained_______________(stick)abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.(所给单词的正确形式填空)
【关键能力】
过去分词与语法填空:在语法填空中,过去分词是必考内容。
[应对策略]
非谓语动词是历年高考语法填空的必考点。如果句中已有谓语动词,并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语
动词,就要考虑是v.-ing形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式。
1.首先分析句子结构,若句子中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时,需考虑非谓语动词。然后分析非
谓语动词在句中作何成分,再根据各非谓语动词特点确定填哪种形式。对于不定式的考查,需注意不定式的时态和语态,熟记常考跟不定式作宾语的动词以及一些常考句式。
2.现在分词作状语,表示自然而然的结果或伴随,且与句子主语构成逻辑上的主动关系;现在分词
作定语表示动作的主动进行行为或正在进行中;动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作;此外,
应熟记能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。
3.过去分词可作状语、定语或补语,表示被动与完成;若作表语常考的为形容词性化的过去分词;
过去分词不可作主语或宾语。
4.其次,还可以从分析句子成分角度,确定所填非谓语动词的形式:
(1)作主语,v.-ing形式与不定式一般可以互换,意义无多大区别;但在疑问句和句型“There is no+
主语”中,主语需用动名词而不用不定式。
(2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。
(3)作伴随状语,通常用分词:与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词;与逻辑主语是被动关系,用过去
分词。
(4)作宾语,通常用动名词或不定式,介词后面要用动名词。
(5)作定语:不定式表将来;现在分词表进行;过去分词表被动与完成。
(6)作宾语补足语:不定式表动作全过程;现在分词表主动或进行;过去分词表被动或完成。
(7)独立主格和with复合结构的非谓语动词要考虑与复合宾语的逻辑关系。
【典例】用所给动词的正确形式填空
1.(2021·浙江)_______(absorb) in the romantic melody, the talented pianist lost track of time.
2.(2021·浙江)Watch out for your silly behavior. Don't you see a camera ________(position) in an
unnoticeable corner?