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2022 年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)
第五讲—现在分词
【复习概览】
【命题分析】
一、命题要求
非谓语动词考点,是英语高考必考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有:非谓语动词作定语、非谓语动词
作状语、动名词作主语、非谓语动词的独立主格结构、非谓语动词短语与状语从句之间的转换等。
二、命题形式
本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有:1.语法填空;2.短文改错;3.书面表达(尤其是读后续写中)。非
谓语动词在语法填空中是必考点。
2022年非谓语动词还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。在这个考点上一定多下工夫,不管花费多大的精
力,让学生掌握这个考点都不为过,因为,打开2022年的高考试卷,必然会有非谓语动词。
【基础巩固】
知识点:现在分词
必备基础知识:
一、现在分词形式
1. 一般式 (1)主动式 doing (2) 被动式 being done
2. 完成式 (1)主动式 having done (2) 被动式 having been done
当非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,就用完成式。
当非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之后时,或与主句谓语动作同时发生时,就用一般式。二、何时用现在分词?
1.vt. (及物动词)后有宾语时,非谓语动词用doing.
2.vi.(不及物动词)非谓语动词用doing.
3.vi.+介词+宾语时,非谓语动词用doing.
重难点知识:
考点1 现在分词作状语
【典例】
1.(2016·浙江10月高考) Soon after, I was on my way to the show, ________ (carry) a fancy black handbag
and a happy smile.
2.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their
food in large pots,________(use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.
【方法指导】
1.作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2.如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者,就用现在分词形式(doing)。
3.若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。
4.若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生,用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having
been done)。
5.独立成分作状语
【变式】
【变式】1【时间状语】
[2021·八省1月联考)]They face a lot of challenges when________(try)to get food.
【变式】2【伴随状语】
[2020·海南卷]I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, ______ (deal) with the various kinds of "forbidden
fruit" that come out of book bags.
【变式】3【结果状语】
[2021·宁夏银川一中高三第三次月考]Families move to other locations, ______ (bring) their food preferences
with them.
【变式】4
(2021·天津耀华滨海学校高三三模)Many children of Chinese immigrants in Canada study English at school
and speak Chinese at home, ________to fluency in both languages.
A.led B.to lead C.leading D.having led.
【变式】5
(2021·天津高三二模)________ only 96 grams, the great all-round electronic dictionary is portable and easy to
use.A.Weighing B.Weighed C.Being weighed D.Having weighed
考点2 现在分词作定语
【典例】
1.[2021·八省 1月联考]I admit I was too scared at that moment and the uncle ______(stand)beside me was
giving me an awkward look.
2.(2018·浙江11月高考)Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem ________ (call) caffeinism.
3.(2017·浙江6月高考)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ________ (shine) object.
【方法指导】
现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。
[名师点津] 表示心理状态的动词-ing形式,意为“令人……的”;动词-ed形式,意为“(人)感到……
的”,也可修饰体现内心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。
【变式】
【变式】1
(2021·银川市第六中学高三三模)He is a student at Oxford University________ for a degree in computer
science.
A.studied B.studying C.to study D.to be studying
【变式】2
(2021·天津高三三模)In the Chinese market, many foreign brands, ________ their reputations over decades, are
facing new challenges due to COVID-19.
A.being developed B.developing
C.having developed D.developed
【变式】3
(2021·天津高三二模)The park is always full of people, ______ themselves in the sunshine.
A.having enjoyed B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.to enjoy
【变式】4
(2021·浙江高三月考)The case _______(belong) to Professor Smith has multiple functions. (所给词的适当形
式填空)
考点3 现在分词作宾补
【典例】
1.[2020·海南卷]Not seeing or hearing any fire engines ________(approach), Grant rushed to a side entrance
and ran up the stairs.
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends ________(camp), I would have laughed heartily.
【方法指导】
1.感官动词(词组)see,watch,observe,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel的宾语补足语有四种形
式,以see为例:
(1)see+宾语+do/doing/done/being done
(2)have +宾语 +
(3)get+宾语+
【变式】
【变式】1
(2021·天津高三二模)When everyone came into the house, he was found ________ on the floor.
A.lain B.lying C.being lain D.lie
【变式】2
(2021·天津高三)When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds the mountain tops, he
was reduced to tears.
A.being surrounded B.surrounded C.surrounding D.to surround
【变式】3
(2021·山东高三一模)—Did you hear someone ___________ at the door?
—Yes, it must be John. It’s time for him to get here.
A.knocks B.knocking C.knocked D.to knock
【变式】4
(2021·浙江高三月考)With the holiday________(靠近),the experts' suggestion that tickets be booked
online is very important. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【关键能力】
现在分词与语法填空:在语法填空中,现在分词是必考内容。
[应对策略]
非谓语动词是历年高考语法填空的必考点。如果句中已有谓语动词,并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语
动词,就要考虑是v.-ing形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式。
1.首先分析句子结构,若句子中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时,需考虑非谓语动词。然后分析非
谓语动词在句中作何成分,再根据各非谓语动词特点确定填哪种形式。对于不定式的考查,需注意不定式
的时态和语态,熟记常考跟不定式作宾语的动词以及一些常考句式。
2.现在分词作状语,表示自然而然的结果或伴随,且与句子主语构成逻辑上的主动关系;现在分词
作定语表示动作的主动进行行为或正在进行中;动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作;此外,
应熟记能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。
3.过去分词可作状语、定语或补语,表示被动与完成;若作表语常考的为形容词性化的过去分词;过去分词不可作主语或宾语。
4.其次,还可以从分析句子成分角度,确定所填非谓语动词的形式:
(1)作主语,v.-ing形式与不定式一般可以互换,意义无多大区别;但在疑问句和句型“There is no+
主语”中,主语需用动名词而不用不定式。
(2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式。
(3)作伴随状语,通常用分词:与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词;与逻辑主语是被动关系,用过去
分词。
(4)作宾语,通常用动名词或不定式,介词后面要用动名词。
(5)作定语:不定式表将来;现在分词表进行;过去分词表被动与完成。
(6)作宾语补足语:不定式表动作全过程;现在分词表主动或进行;过去分词表被动或完成。
(7)独立主格和with复合结构的非谓语动词要考虑与复合宾语的逻辑关系。
【典例】用所给动词的正确形式填空
1.[2020·海南卷]He kicked it wide open, ________(find)a frightened woman in a wheelchair with a little boy
and a tiny baby.
2. [2020·海南卷]Clutching(抓牢)the baby to his chest and ________(drag)the boy alongside, Grant ran
down the hallway.