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2022 年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）
第四讲—被动语态
【复习概览】
【命题分析】
一、命题要求
动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，是高考的必考点。应特别注意以下几点：要把握各种时态
的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；
要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。
高考中常考的语态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现
在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时的被动等等。
二、命题形式
高考主要以语法填空、书面表达等形式考查，动词的时态和语态在语法填空是必考点。
2022年时态和语态还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。在这个考点上一定多下工夫，不管花费多大的精
力，让学生掌握这个考点都不为过，因为，打开2022年的高考试卷，必然会有动词的时态和语态。
【基础巩固】
知识点：被动语态
必备基础知识：被动语态的构成
考点总结
时体 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般 am/is/are was/were will/shall would/shoulddone done be done be done
am/is/are was/were
进行 — —
being done being done
will/shall would/should
have/has had been
完成 have have
been done done
been done been done
[名师点津] “get＋过去分词”表示被动。
More and more people are getting attacked in the underground these days.
近来，越来越多的人在地铁里遭到袭击。
重难点知识：1．“系动词look，sound，feel，smell，taste，appear，seem，go，prove，turn，stay，
become，fall，get，grow，keep＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构。
2．表示主语的某种属性特征的不及物动词，如 read，write，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，
lock，shut等，用主动形式表示被动含义。
3. 动词want，need，require，deserve后接不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式，意义相同。
【典例】
1. [2021·四川绵阳南山中学高三一诊热身考试]Two years ago, a real military scientist Dr. Chen Wei
_______(send) from China to Africa to fight against the deadly Ebola.
2. [2021·浙江1月卷]It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a
BMI (Body Mass Index 体重指数)of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
【变式】1
【2021届江苏省启东中学高三上学期期初考试】Domestic pork production 39 ． (hit) seriously by the
outbreaks of African swine fever since August last year.
【变式】2
【江苏省苏北四市2020-2021学年高三第一次质量检测】Kobe Bryant is a famous basketball player. His talent
can 36 ． (see) not only on the court, but also in his writing. His book The Wizenard Series: Training Camp came
out in March.
【变式】3
— Can we play basketball in the school gym?
— No, it ______ during the summer holidays.
A. is repaired B. is being repaired C. was repaired D. has been repaired
【变式】4
The accident which left 15 people on board dead if both the angry female passenger and the bus driver had
kept calm.
A. should have avoided B. should be avoidedC. could have avoided D. could have been avoided
【变式】5
The girl’s eyes brightened when she saw the birthday present she ______.
A. would promise B. had promised
C. would be promised D. had been promised
【变式】6
This pen ______ so smoothly. I bought two packets for my son and his cousin.
A. was written B. has been written C. is writing D. writes
【关键能力】
动词时态与语法填空：在语法填空中，动词的时态是必考内容。
[应对策略]
1．句中若缺少谓语，注意要考虑所给动词的时态和语态。判断时态首先要确定时间，然后根据动作
发生的状态来判断应该运用哪种时态。有时也可以根据空格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动词的并列关系来
确定时态。
2．句中缺少谓语，且与主语存在被动关系，考虑根据时间和动作存在的方式，确定相应时态的被动
语态。注意只有及物动词才有被动语态。
3．在确定谓语动词的时态和语态时，我们可从四个方面来进行判断：
(1)看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。
(2)看上下文的谓语动词的形式。
(3)看是否是特殊的句型。如：
①was/were about to do...when...did...
②It is/has been＋时间段＋since从句(一般过去时)
③It/This/That is the first time that...have/has done...或It/This/That was the first time that...had done...
④It's (high time) that...did/should do...
⑤Hardly had＋主语＋done...when...did...或No sooner had＋主语＋done...than...did...
这样的句型还有很多，平时要注意积累。
(4)看与主语存在主动关系还是被动关系。若是被动，还需看所给词是否为及物动词，是否考查主动表
被动等。
(5)注意主谓是否一致。
【典例】用所给动词的正确形式填空
（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The artist was sure he would 63 ． (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece
to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
