文档内容
第讲 18 主谓一致
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】对一般时时态、语态和主谓一致的考查
【题型二】对过去时时态、语态和主谓一致的考查
【题型三】对完成时时态、语态和主谓一致的考查
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 对一般时时态、语态和主谓一致的考查
1.(2024年江西省新余市高三下学期二模)Cleaning must be done before the holiday, typically in January or
February, since sweeping after the festivities (see) as removing good luck.
【答案】is seen
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:大扫除必须在节前完成,通常是在1月或2月,因为在庆祝活动结束后大
扫除被视为会带走好运。此空为谓语动词,结合句意可知,此处讲述的是经常性发生的动作,所以此处使
用一般现在时,see与主语sweeping after the festivities之间为被动关系,用被动语态,且主语为动名词短
语,所以谓语动词应为单数。故填is seen。
2.(2024 年广东省广州市天河区高三下学期三模)Within this group, there is a tag called”20 minutes for
parks”, which (come) from a theory originating from the International Journal of Environmental Health
Research.
【答案】comes
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在这一群体中,有一种说法叫做“公园20分钟”,它来自《国际环
境健康研究杂志》的一个理论。come作which引导的定语从句的谓语动词,描述现在的事实用一般现在
时,which指代tag,是单数,谓语动词用单数。故填comes。
3.(2024年四川省仁寿一中模拟试题)The Dongfeng Landing Site has a search zone of tens of thousands of
square kilometers, which (contain) desert, salt flats, as well as wetlands that make it challenging to find
out where the reentry module might land.【答案】contains
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:东风着陆场的搜索区域有数万平方公里,包括沙漠、盐滩以及
使确定返回舱可能着陆地点变得具有挑战性的湿地。contain意为“包括”,句子描述的是一般事实,应用
一般现在时,which引导的非限制性定语从句中,先行词为The Dongfeng Landing Site,引导词which代替
先行词作主语,为第三人称单数,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填contains。
4.(2024届广东省惠州市高三一模拟考试)Looking ahead, the museum souvenir market in China_________
(expect) to continue growing.
【答案】is expected
【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:展望未来,中国博物馆纪念品市场有望继续增长。分析
句子可知,句子主语the museum souvenir market与expect之间为被动关系,且句中缺少谓语动词,因此这
里使用谓语动词的被动形式,且主语是单数,根据主谓一致原则,这里使用is expected。故填is expected。
5.(广东省深圳市富源学校 2023-2024 学年调研试题)Hot sugar is poured from a small spoon onto a flat
surface where the outline of the figure (draw) with a thick stream of sugar.
【答案】is drawn
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:热糖从一个小勺子倒在一个平面上,在这个平面上,用厚厚的糖流画出人
物的轮廓。主语与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文is可知为一般现在时的被动语态,故填is drawn。
6.(湖南省衡阳市衡阳县2023-2024年高三试题) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like
frequently by plane (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
【答案】is viewed或has been viewed
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:对科学家而言,旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流
信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到
现在的认知,动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系,故填is viewed或has been viewed。
7.(湖南省衡阳市衡阳县2023-2024年高三试题). But Cobb and others (be) now questioning
that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal
behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
【答案】are
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提供更多远
程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可
知,此处也应使用现在进行时,主语为复数,故填are。
8.(湖南天壹名校联盟2023-2024学年高三大联考试题)The “Spring Fair”, featuring diverse Chinese cultural
activities, (hold) on Sunday at the Garden of Serenity, a traditional Chinese garden in Santa Lucija,
Malta.
【答案】 was held
【解析】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:上周日,以丰富多彩的中国文化活动为特色的“春季博览
会”在马耳他圣卢西亚的中国传统园林Garden of Serenity举行。活动是被举办,由on Sunday可知,句子
描述过去的事情,因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态,主语The “Spring Fair”是单数,因此空格处是was
held。故填was held。9.(湖南师范大学附属中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题)To commemorate the occasion, China Post
(issue)a collection of stamps in December(2021).
【答案】issued
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:为纪念这一时刻,中国邮政于2021年12月发行了一套邮票。分析句子可
知,此处为谓语动词的填入,由时间状语in December(2021)可知,此处应为一般过去时。故填issued。
10.(湘豫名校联考2023-2024学年高三试题)It is a result of art and time. The tone of guqin is quiet and distant.
The guqin (favor) by the literati(文人)in ancient China.
【答案】was favored
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意:古琴是中国古代文人喜爱的乐器。根据“in
ancient China”可知,此处应用一般过去时。根据“by the literati”可知,此处应用被动语态。主语guqin为第
三人称单数。故填was favored。
题型二 对过去时时态、语态和主谓一致的考查
1.(2024年山东省聊城市高三下学期二模)Chinese acrobatic (杂技) dates back to the Neolithic, when ancient
people developed it from daily life for enjoyment and celebration. The use of daily items such as tables, chairs,
bowls and plates (be) common in their performances.
【答案】was
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在他们的表演中,使用桌子、椅子、碗和盘子等日常用品是很常见
的。根据前文“when ancient people developed it from daily life for enjoyment and celebration”和句意可知,句
子使用一般过去时,主语为The use,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填was。
2.(2024年河南省信阳市一模)The opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games (hold) at the
Hangzhou Olympic Sports Center Stadium on the evening of September 23, which was a spectacular display of
Chinese culture and innovation.
【答案】was held
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:9月23日晚,第19届亚运会开幕式在杭州奥体中心体育场举行,这是一
场中国文化和创新的壮观展示。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词,根据时间状语 on the evening of
September 23可知,此处应使用一般过去时,hold与句子主语The opening ceremony之间为被动关系,且主
语为第三人称单数。故填was held。
3.(2024年安徽省合肥市高三二模)Upon return, Huang (appoint) chief scientist of China’s biggest
deep earth exploration program.
【答案】was appointed
【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:回国后,黄被任命为中国最大的深地探测项目的首席科学
家。陈述过去的事实,使用一般过去时,Huang和appoint为被动关系,需用被动语态,主语为Huang,be
动词用was。故填was appointed。
4.(湖南省百所学校2023-2024学年高三联考试题)Many people took part and numerous goods (trade)
in the great international trade at that time.
【答案】were traded【解析】考查时态语态。句意:在当时的国际贸易中,许多人参与其中,交易了大量的货物。主语与谓语
构成被动关系,根据上文可知为一般过去时的被动语态 Many people took part and numerous goods,主语为
numerous goods,谓语用复数。故填were traded。
5.(湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题)The Grand Canal (announce) by the State
Council as one of the seventh batch of Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the National Level in March,
2013 .
【答案】was announced
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:大运河于2013年3月被国务院宣布为第七批国家级重点历史文化保护遗
址之一。空处和下文registered是并列的谓语动词,陈述过去的事情,且主语 The Grand Canal和announce
之间是被动关系,故应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数。故填 was
announced。
6.(湖南省常德市第一中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题)Huawei, which has endured years of US sanctions,
_____ (surprise) the world on Aug 29, with an unadvertised announcement -the launch of its latest high-end
smartphone, the Mate 60 Pro
【答案】surprised
【解析】考查时态。句意:8月29日,遭受美国多年制裁的华为发布了一份未经宣传的公告,震惊了世界
——发布了其最新的高端智能手机Mate 60 Pro,售价为6999元人民币(964美元)。surprise(让……惊讶)
此处作谓语,根据后文on Aug 29可知为一般过去时。故填surprised。
7.(湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三试题) Most of the day passed, and Kua Fu was finally
about to overtake the sun in Yugu, where the sun (suppose)to fall!
【答案】was supposed
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意:大半天过去了,夸父终于要在禺谷赶上太阳了,而禺谷正是
太阳落山的地方!根据上文Kua Fu was可知为一般过去时,且suppose与sun之间构成逻辑上的被动关
系,为一般过去时的被动语态,谓语用单数。故填was supposed。
8.(湖南省三湘创新发展联合体2023-2024学年高三试题)Inspiring victories for 2,500 years, Sunzi Bingfa or
The Art of War (write) by Chinese legendary military strategist Sun Wu during the Spring and Autumn
Period (770-476 BC).
【答案】was written
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意:《孙子兵法》是中国传奇军事家孙武在春秋时期(公元前770-476年)撰
写的,鼓舞了2500年的胜利。根据时间状语during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC)可知,此处
使用一般过去时,Sunzi Bingfa or The Art of War和write为被动关系,需用被动语态;主语为专有名词,谓
语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填was written。
9.(湖南省邵东市第三中学2023-2024学年高三试题)As Shaoxing is a water town, the unique transport named
Wupeng boat (emerge) in this particular location in the Tang Dynasty.
【答案】emerged
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:由于绍兴是一个水乡,唐代在这个特殊的地方出现了一种独特的交通工具
——乌篷船。根据时间状语in the Tang Dynasty可知,空处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去式,谓语动词用过去式。故填emerged。
10.(湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题)The Mate 60 Pro (hail )as a 5G smartphone
with entirely independent intellectual property rights, prompting questions about the effectiveness of a US-led
global campaign to hinder(阻碍) China’s advancement in cutting-edge technology. Readers share their opinions.
【答案】was hailed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:Mate 60 Pro被誉为拥有完全自主知识产权的5G智能手机,这引发了人们
对美国领导的阻碍中国在尖端技术领域进步的全球运动的有效性的质疑。主语与谓语构成被动关系,结合
语境可知动作发生在过去,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为The Mate 60 Pro,谓语用单数。故填was
hailed。
题型三 对完成时时态、语态和主谓一致的考查
1.(江苏省镇江第一中学2023-2024学年高三学情检测)According to a recent report archaeologists______
(restore) more than 140 Terracotta Warriors.
【答案】have restored
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:根据最近的一份报告,考古学家已经修复了 140多个兵马俑。分析句子结
构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以 restore作本句谓语,根据标志词recent可知,用现在完成时,主语是
archaeologists,为复数。故填have restored。
2.(湖南省常德市临澧一中 2023-2024 学年高三试题)Since that year, most young craftsmen
(return) to their hometown and found a bright future.
【答案】have returned
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:从那一年起,大多数年轻的工匠都回到了家乡,找到了美好的
未来。分析句子可知,return(返回)是句中谓语动词,与主语most young craftsmen之间是主动关系,句中有
时间状语Since that year,应使用现在完成时态,又因主语most young craftsmen是复数名词,所以谓语动词
应使用复数形式。综上,谓语应用现在完成时的主动语态,复数形式。故填have returned。
3.(江苏省百校联考2023-2024学年高三试题)Chen Bing is one of the inheritors (传承人) of the Chen-style
taijiquan. He (practise) it since he was six years old under the guidance of his uncles, Chen Xiaowang and
Chen Xiaoxing.
【答案】has been practising
【解析】考查现在完成进行时和主谓一致。句意:他从六岁开始就在他的叔叔陈小王和陈小星的指导下练
习陈式太极拳,陈小王和陈小星是河南陈式太极拳的两位标志性人物。根据“since he was six years old”可
知,此处是指动作发生在过去,一直持续到现在,在将来的某段时间里仍将进行,所以应用现在完成进行
时。主语he为第三人称单数。故填has been practising。
4.(江苏省常熟市2023-2024学年高三10月抽测试题) It was a big day for Liu Jing, an overseas Chinese
student in Paris. She (work) with her friends for three months on an exhibition.
【答案】had worked/had been working
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:她和朋友们合作了三个月为了一个在周四开幕的展览,目的是推广汉服——中国传统服装,作为他们提高世界公众对中国文化认识的最新努力。空格处作谓语,根据时间状语for
three months及动作发生在定语从句的谓语opened之前,应用过去完成时或过去完成进行时。故填had
worked/had been working。
5.(江苏省南通市如皋市2023-2024学年度高三调研试题)By Aug 19, Haihua Island (receive) over
1 million tourists during the summer vacation.
【答案】had received
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:截至8月19日,海花岛在暑假期间接待了超过100万游客。根据上文By
Aug 19可知,此处表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had received。
6.(2024 届河北省百师联盟高三联考)He mentioned that the Chinese market is significant for jade
products, and his business (operate) in China for 10 years.
【答案】has been operating/has operated
【解析】考查时态。根据后面的时间状语for 10 years可知,此处应用现在完成进行时态或者现在完成
时。
7.(河北省2023-2024学年高三试题)In fact, there is a Lanzhou Beef Noodles restaurant right downstairs,
which is about 100 yards from our Beijing apartment, My niece Kim came to visit us in Beijing this summer, and
after visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bowl of noodles to be the best thing she (eat) in
China ever.
【答案】had eaten
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:同上。分析句子,设空处使用的是动词作谓语,根据前文的 she declared
以及句意可知,此处表示的是动作发生在过去之前故使用过去完成时。故填had eaten。
8.(河北省部分重点高中 2023-2024学年高三综测试题)What excites the organizing committee is that the
Peony Pavilion (attract) a growing young audience since its premiere in Beijing.
【答案】has attracted/has been attracting
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:令组委会兴奋的是,《牡丹亭》在北京首演后吸引了越来越多的年
轻观众。attract是表语从句谓语动词,表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在,或对现在造成的影响,可能持
续发生下去,用现在完成时;或表示动作从过去某个时刻开始一直持续到现在,甚至将来,强调进行的过
程,用现在完成进行时;从句主语 the Peony Pavilion 第三人称单数,从句谓语单数形式。故填 has
attracted/has been attracting。
9.(辽宁省六校2023-2024学年高三联考试卷)On the basis of research that he (do) for the past six
years, Dr. Zimbardo estimates that about 40 percent of all Americans, around 84 million people, consider
themselves shy.
【答案】has done/has been doing
【解析】考查时态。句意:根据他过去六年所做的研究,津巴多博士估计,大约40%的美国人,大约8400
万人,认为自己害羞。分析句子结构可知,根据 for the past six years可知,该句可使用现在完成时,主语
he为单数,因此可填has done。同时,此处也可表示这项研究在过去六年中一直进行,因此可使用现在完
成进行时。故填has done/has been doing。
10.(湖南省岳阳第一中学2023-2024学年高三开学试题)But locals say the demand for their paintings ______(decline) in the past two pandemic-struck years. ”Most people would probably be surprised that Dafen still exists.
【答案】has declined
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:但当地人表示,在过去疫情肆虐的两年里,对他们画作的需求有所下降。
分析句子可知,根据时间状语in the past two pandemic-struck years (在过去疫情肆虐的两年里)谓语动词
decline 应使用现在完成时,主语 the demand for their paintings 抽象概念,谓语单数形式。故填 has
declined。
题型 语法填空
Passage 1 (2024·吉林长春·模拟预测)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It took six hours for Liu Yi to get to Tianshui, Northwest China’s Gansu province by train. He 1
(spend) another two hours waiting in a queue and finally got his hands on a bowl of local malatang — a mix of
foods 2 (boil) in hot, spicy broth. While choosing the 3 (ingredient) he wanted, Liu picked
wide, thin rice noodles and a lot of chillis, along 4 the usual vegetables and meat. Spicy food is a must
for Liu, a native of Southwest China’s Sichuan province. “The malatang did not disappoint me. It has a kind of
rich 5 (fragrant),” Liu said, after wiping his bowl clean.
The popularity of the dish is 6 (sudden) increasing. Thousands of diners like Liu have been
making their way to the little-known northwestern city 7 (try) malatang, overwhelming local restaurant
owners and contributing to local wealth. Since early March, videos and photos of Tianshui malatang 8
(go) viral on social media platforms. It all started when a netizen released a seven-second video on Feb 13 that
gained millions of views. More vloggers followed suit, and then the tourists began to arrive in groups.
Within a month, bookings for hotel rooms in Tianshui had increased year-on-year, according to Ctrip, 9
online travel platform. Qinzhou district, 10 most malatang restaurants and attractions are located,
received more than 770,000 tourists, local authorities said.
【答案】
1.spent 2.boiled 3.ingredients 4.with 5.fragrance 6.suddenly 7.to try 8.
have gone 9.an 10.where
【导语】本文为一篇说明文,主要介绍了流行的甘肃天水麻辣烫,有很多像Liu Yi一样的人花费好长时间
去吃。
1.考查时态。句意:他又排了两个小时的队,终于拿到了一碗当地的麻辣汤——一种在辣肉汤中煮的食
物的混合物。结合and连接并列谓语got,spend作谓语,且保持前后时态一致,事情已发生,用一般过去
时。故填spent。
2.考查过去分词。句意:他又排了两个小时的队,终于吃到了一碗当地的麻辣汤——一种用辣肉汤烹制的食物混合物。foods与非谓语动词boil (煮)为被动关系,应用过去分词boiled,boiled (煮沸的)已形容词
化,作后置定语修饰foods。故填boiled。
3.考查名词。句意:在挑选他想要的食材时,Liu Yi挑选了又宽又薄的米粉和许多辣椒,以及常见的蔬菜
和肉。结合空前定冠词the,表示特指,后常加名词,且选择不止—种配料,应用可数名词ingredient (配
料)的复数形式作宾语。故填ingredients。
4.考查固定短语。句意:在挑选他想要的食材时,Liu Yi挑选了又宽又薄的米粉和许多辣椒,以及常见的
蔬菜和肉。固定短语along with (还有)符合句意。故填with。
5.考查名词。句意:“麻辣烫没有让我失望,它有一种浓郁的香味,”Liu Yi把碗擦干净后说。结合空前
形容词rich作定语修饰空处,应用名词fragrance (香气),表示它有一种浓郁的香味,其中rich fragrance,
作介词of的宾语。故填fragrance。
6.考查副词。句意:这道菜的受欢迎程度突然提高了。副词suddenly作状语,修饰动词is increasing。故
填suddenly。
7.考查不定式。句意:成千上万像Liu Yi这样的食客来到这个鲜为人知的西北城市品尝麻辣烫,这让当
地餐馆老板应接不暇,也为当地的财富做出了贡献。结合句意,try用不定式形式作目的状语。故填to
try。
8.考查时态。句意:自3月初以来,天水麻辣烫的视频和照片在社交媒体平台上疯传。该空作谓语,结合
复数主语videos and photos of Tianshui malatang (天水麻辣烫视频及照片)和时间状语Since early March (从
三月初开始),说明过去的动作对现在产生了影响,用现在完成时,谓语复数形式。故填have gone。
9.考查不定冠词。句意:在线旅游平台携程的数据显示,一个月内,天水的酒店客房预订量同比增长。
此处泛指一个在线旅游平台,online以元音音素开头的,用不定冠词an,an online travel platform作Ctrip的
同位语。故填an。
10.考查定语从句关系词。句意:钦州区是麻辣烫餐厅和景点的所在地,当地政府表示,该区接待了超过
77万名游客。该空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Qinzhou district,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点
状语,用关系副词where。故填where。
Passage 2 (23-24高三·上海·阶段练习)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically
correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
OpenAI publishes Elon Musk’s emails. ‘We’re sad that it’s come to this’
OpenAI fired back at Elon Musk, who sued the ChatGPT company last week for chasing profit and 11
(diverge) from its original, nonprofit mission. Tuesday night, OpenAI published several of Musk’s emails from the
early days of the company that appear to show Musk acknowledging OpenAI needed to make a ton of money to
fund the incredible computing resources needed to power 12 AI ambitions.
In the emails, parts of 13 have been redacted (修订), Musk argues that the company stood
virtually no chance of building a successful generative AI platform by raising cash alone, and the company needed
to find alternate sources of revenue to survive.In a November 22, 2015, email to CEO Sam Altman, Musk, an OpenAI co-founder, said the company
needed to raise much more than $100 million to “avoid sounding hopeless.” Musk suggested a $1 billion funding
commitment and promised that he would cover 14 did not get raised.
OpenAI in a blog post Tuesday night said Musk never followed through on his promise, 15
(commit) $45 million in funding for OpenAI, 16 other donors raised $90 million. Lawyers for Musk
declined to comment on OpenAI’s claims.
Musk, in a February 1, 2018, email, told company executives that the only path forward for OpenAI was for
Tesla, his electric car company, to buy it. The company refused, and Musk left OpenAI later that year.
In December 2018, Musk emailed Altman and other executives that OpenAI would not be relevant “ 17
a dramatic change in execution and resources.”
“This needs billions per year immediately or forget it,” Musk emailed. “I really hope I’m wrong.”
OpenAI executives agreed. In 2019, they formed OpenAI LP, a for-profit entity that exists within the larger
company’s structure. That for-profit company took OpenAI from effectively worthless to a valuation of $90 billion
in just a few years — and Altman 18 (credit) as the mastermind of that plan and the key to the
company’s success.
Microsoft has since committed $13 billion in a close partnership with OpenAI.
Musk’s complaint, 19 (file) last week in California state court, said that company and its
partnership with Microsoft violated OpenAI’s founding charter, representing a breach of contract. Musk is asking
for a jury trial and for the company 20 (pay) back the profit they received from the business.
【答案】
11.diverging 12.its 13.which 14.whatever 15.committing 16.while 17.
without 18.is/was/has been credited 19.filed 20.to pay
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍OpenAI公布了埃隆·马斯克的电子邮件,马斯克上周起诉这家
ChatGPT公司追逐利润,偏离了最初的非营利使命。
11.考查动名词。句意:OpenAI回击了埃隆·马斯克(Elon Musk),后者上周起诉这家ChatGPT公司追逐利
润,偏离了最初的非营利使命。设空处和chasing共同作介词for的宾语,也应用动名词形式,故填
diverging。
12.考查代词。句意:周二晚上,OpenAI公布了马斯克早期的几封电子邮件,这些邮件似乎表明,马斯克
承认OpenAI需要赚很多钱,才能为其人工智能雄心所需的惊人计算资源提供资金。设空处修饰名词AI
ambitions,指代主语OpenAI,所以用形容词物主代词表示它的,故填its。
13.考查定语从句。句意:在这些电子邮件(部分内容已被编辑)中,马斯克辩称,该公司几乎没有机会通
过单独筹集资金来建立一个成功的生成式人工智能平台,公司需要找到其他收入来源才能生存。设空处引
导定语从句,指代先行词emails,从句中作介词of的宾语,故填which。
14.考查宾语从句。句意:马斯克提出了10亿美元的融资承诺,并承诺他会支付任何没有筹集到的资金。
设空处连接宾语从句,在从句中作主语,表示“任何没有筹集的资金”,应用whatever,故填whatever。
15.考查现在分词。句意:OpenAI在周二晚上的一篇博客文章中表示,马斯克从未兑现他的承诺,他承诺
为OpenAI提供4500万美元的资金,而其他捐助者则筹集了9000万美元。本句已有谓语followed,设空处
为非谓语动词,和主语Musk之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填committing。16.考查连词。句意:同上。other donors raised $90 million和上文构成并列关系,表对比,应用while连
接,故填while。
17.考查介词。句意:2018年12月,马斯克给奥尔特曼和其他高管发了一封电子邮件,称“如果在执行
和资源方面没有重大变化”,OpenAI就不会有意义。设空处后接名词,并且表示没有,应用介词
without,故填without。
18.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:这家以盈利为目的的公司在短短几年内就将OpenAI从一文不值提
升到900亿美元的估值,而奥特曼被认为是该计划的策划者,也是公司成功的关键。设空处为谓语,和主
语Altman之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,本句描述的事实,可以用一般现在时,并且也可以描述为当时
的一种状态,也可以用一般过去时,另外也可以表示对现在造成的一种结果,用现在完成时,主语单数,
谓语用第三人称单数,故填is/was/has been credited。
19.考查过去分词。句意:马斯克上周在加利福尼亚州法院提起诉讼,称该公司及其与微软的合作违反了
OpenAI的创始章程,违反了合同。本句已有谓语said,设空处修饰名词Musk’s complaint作后置定语,和
名词之间是被动关系,故填filed。
20.考查不定式。句意:马斯克要求进行陪审团审判,并要求该公司偿还他们从这项业务中获得的利润。
设空处为非谓语动词,作宾语补足语,故填to pay。
1.(2024年北京卷)On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood _________ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
【答案】asked
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:2024年4月5日,约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿
的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知,此处描述过去发生的事,句子应用一般过去时;name与主语
John Tinniswood之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语John Tinniswood是单数,be动词使用was。故填
was named。
2.(2024年新高考II卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ______
(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【答案】was built
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居
仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语“Two years later”可
知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,和动词“build”之间为被动关系,
所以用被动语态。故填was built。
3.(2024 年全国甲卷语法填空)They ________(be)part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent
almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.【答案】were
【解析】考查时态。句意:他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分,他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证
那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人,时间为1870年,同时联系后文had spent的过去
完成时可知,本空时态为过去式且为复数形式,故填were。
4.(2022 年新高考 I 卷语法填空) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that
____ ___ _ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one
authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant
number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句讲的是过去未受保护,所以
要用一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。本句句意:该计划将把保护范围扩
大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上
的不一致性。故填were。
5.(2022年新高考II卷语法填空)Henry ______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and
saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
【答案】was fixing
【解析】考查动词。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根
据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。
故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
6.(2022年浙江卷1月语法填空)But Cobb and others ________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing
conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part
in dealing with the climate change crisis.
【答案】 are
【解析】考查时态和非谓语动词。句意:但科布和其他人现在对推动会议提供更多远程参与的机会、改变
他们的个人行为、为应对气候变化危机尽自己的一份力量的想法提出了质疑。根据时间状语now可知,句
子使用现在进行时,主语Cobb and others为复数,be动词应用are,与空后的questioning构成现在进行
时。
7.(2022年浙江卷1月语法填空)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics
— many of the climate scientists ________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years
ago.
【答案】have promised
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:例如,在一个名为“无蝇气候科学”的网站上,大约200名学者
——其中许多气候科学家——承诺自两年前开始这项工作以来,尽可能少地飞行。根据时间状语“since
the effort started two years ago”可知,主句应使用现在完成时,主语“many of them climate scientists”是复
数,因此空格处是have promised。故填have promised。
8.(2022年浙江卷1月语法填空)Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by
plane ________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.【答案】is viewed/has been viewed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:经常乘飞机去参加会议、演讲、研讨会等,被认为是科学家们聚在一起交
流信息的重要方式。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认
知,用现在完成时。动名词作主语与谓语之间存在被动关系,故可以用一般现在时的被动语态或现在完成
时的被动语态,且动名词作主语,谓语用单数。故填is viewed/has been viewed。
9.(2022 年北京卷语法填空)This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally
________ (have) no recognizable smell.
【答案】has
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语,本
句话是在陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时态,且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称,为不可数名词,所
以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
10.(2023年浙江卷1月)Citizens of higher social classes (permit)to live closer to the center of the
circles.
【答案】were permitted
【详解】考查动词的被动语态。句意:高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构
可知,空格处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,因为是对过去事实的陈
述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
11.(2023年全国乙卷语法填空)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ________(amaze) by
the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly
growing.
【答案】was amazed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于
一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词,根据下文“how a city
was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语I和动词
amaze之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
12. (2022年新高考I卷语法填空) After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year.
The GPNP ___ __ ___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整
性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones,and leaving behind
precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
【答案】is designed
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语 The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙
述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。本句句
意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,维护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙
后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。故填is designed。
13.(2021年新高考 1卷)What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard
it____________(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词then可
知,表示当时的情况,故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时;从句主语为it,是第三人称单数形式。故填
was。
14.(2021年全国甲卷)It________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been
completely restored(修复).
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知,空格填写谓语动词, 又因it指代前面
The Xi'an City Wall,和build是被动关系,且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立,故用过去式的被动语态。本句
句意:它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的,现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
15.(2021年浙江卷) It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25__________(consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意:介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of
between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语,主语是单数,根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时
态为一般现在时,故答案为 is considered。